CN103792143B - Quick acquisition method of true stress strain curve in whole process of uniaxial drawing - Google Patents
Quick acquisition method of true stress strain curve in whole process of uniaxial drawing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a quick acquisition method of a true stress strain curve in whole process of uniaxial drawing. The method comprises the steps of verifying the accuracy of a CAE (computer aided engineering) simulation model by a true stress-true strain curve at an even plastic deformation stage based on the static uniaxial drawing data, and indirectly predicting the true stress-true strain curve at a necking section through the CAE model to obtain the equivalent true stress-true strain curve in whole process of uniaxial drawing. The simple acquisition method of the true stress strain curve of the material in whole process of uniaxial drawing is easy and simple to operate, thus meeting the need of the CAE simulation in the engineering design. Furthermore, the quick acquisition method is in combination with a CAE technology, the influence of the grid effect to the CAE analysis accuracy can be weakened as much as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material mechanics performance test and material constitutive relation, especially combine the test of CAE technology
Data processing method, is specifically related to the fast acquiring method of a kind of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve.
Background technology
In existing CAE simulation calculation, isotropism metal material plastic curve is to be obtained by uniaxial tensile test,
During engineer applied, the process to the true stress-strain curve of necking stage generally has two ways: one is along uniformly moulding
Property deformation stage trus stress curve near tangent extends, by CAE simulation software according to the automatic epitaxial interpolation of power function；Other one
The method of kind is to set the trus stress value after constriction starts to keep constant, and namely the true stress-true stain curve after constriction is parallel
Straight line in X-axis.
But the true stress-strain curve obtained according to said method can not reflect the true strain process of material, 1) due to very
Stress value is more than actual value, and the result safety coefficient of calculating is inadequate；2) the direct stress true strain curve of same employing lower limit is the most relatively
Being conservative, safety coefficient is excessive, is unfavorable for the optimization design rationally with material with structure.
In existing CAE simulation calculation, the main acquisition step of curve is:
1), according to the test method of GB/T228, during uniaxial tension, mutually place extensometer at sample marking distance and obtain material
Load--displacement curve, further according to exemplar gauge length L0It is calculated engineering stress strain curve with sectional area S.
2) uniform plastic deformation stage (before constriction starts), based on constancy of volume principle, engineering stress, engineering are obtained
Strain and the conversion formula of true stress engineering strain, the true stress obtaining the uniform plastic deformation stage according to following formula conversion should
Varied curve.
σt=σe(1+ εe) (1)
εt=ln(1+εe) (2)
3) after constriction starts, elongation is the most no longer uniformly distributed along test gauge length, and necked-in region is very big, outside constriction
The least, above-mentioned formula the most inapplicable engineering stress strain curve is to the conversion of true stress-strain curve.When engineer applied, right
Process in the true stress-strain curve of necking stage generally has two ways: one is true along the uniform plastic deformation stage
The tangent line of stress curve extends, by CAE simulation software according to the automatic epitaxial interpolation of power function；Another method is to set
Trus stress value after constriction starts keeps constant, and namely the true stress-true stain curve after constriction is the straight line being parallel to X-axis.
Fig. 1 is current CAE artificial material plastic curve schematic diagram.
The true stress-strain curve obtained according to step can not reflect the true strain process of material, uses the upper limit in Fig. 1
True stress-strain curve when emulating, owing to trus stress value is more than actual value, the result safety coefficient of calculating is inadequate；Adopt equally
The most conservative with the direct stress true strain curve of lower limit, safety coefficient is excessive, is unfavorable for rationally setting with the optimization of material with structure
Meter.Due to above two method obtain true stress-true stain curve be not material deformation actual path, CAE emulation any
There is larger difference in moment part deformation and practical situation.Accordingly, it would be desirable to set up a kind of quick obtaining metal material the most accurately
The method expecting actual true stress-true stain curve, meets the needs of engineering design CAE emulation.
In Patents, the measuring technology for isotropism metal material complete stress-strain curve is given the most theoretically
Give and being described in further detail.But owing to measuring technology is high to equipment requirements, and the workload calculated is big, and engineer applied is the most also deposited
At many difficulties.Accordingly, it would be desirable to set up a kind of easy and simple to handle, and simple acquisition material uniaxial tension whole process trus stress-very should
The method of varied curve, to meet the needs of engineering design CAE emulation.Meanwhile, in conjunction with CAE technology, weaken grid effect as far as possible
The impact of reply cae analysis accuracy.
In sum, owing to former method obtains the actual path that true stress-true stain curve is not material deformation, imitate at CAE
Larger difference is there is in genuine any time part deformation with practical situation.Accordingly, it would be desirable to it is the most accurate to set up a kind of quick obtaining
The method of metal material actual true stress-true stain curve, meet the needs of engineering design CAE emulation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the fast acquiring method of a kind of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve, with quiet
Based on state uniaxial tension data, utilize the standard of uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve checking CAE phantom
Really property, then by the true stress-true strain curve of CAE model indirect predictions necking section, thus obtain uniaxial tension omnidistance etc.
Effect true stress-true strain curve.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
Employing following steps:
(1) record the load displacement curve of exemplar, and measure exemplar original size and be calculated engineering stress-engineering strain
Curve；
(2) elastic deformation stage's curve is utilized to calculate elastic modelling quantity；
(3) the uniform plastic deformation stage, utilize formula (1) and formula (2) to convert and obtain true stress-true strain curve, formula (1) σt
=σe(1+ εe), formula (2) εt=ln(1+εe)；
(4) the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtained is removed elastic deformation stage, obtain material
Plastic curve；
(5) accuracy of CAE phantom is verified；
(6) utilize formula (1) and formula (2), calculate the stress-strain diagram that stretching is omnidistance, bring model described in step (5) into,
Carry out the calculating of drawing process；
(7) utilizing the load-displacement curves that displacement and instantaneous cross section and test record, engineering stress strain curve is with true
Real stress-strain diagram compares, and truly should divided by instantaneous cross section, i.e. available theoretical equivalence by the load of respective point
Stress-strain curve.
Further, in step (1), according to uniaxial tension standard GB/T/T228 standard, by loading extensometer, survey
The load displacement curve of exemplar, and measure exemplar original size and be calculated engineering stress-engineering strain curve.
Further, according to metal material uniaxial tensile test standard GB/T228, extensometer initial length chooses 80mm,
Record the load displacement curve of exemplar, amassed by the original section of experiment with measuring, be calculated engineering stress-engineering strain bent
Line.
Further, in step (2), utilize elastic deformation stage's curve, be calculated the bullet of material according to GB/T22315
Property modulus value.
Further, in step (3), find the maximum of engineering stress, i.e. tension strong in engineering stress-strain curve
Degree, deletes curve after maximum, retains uniform plastic deformation phase data, utilizes formula (1) and formula (2) to convert and obtains very should
Power-true strain curve.
Further, in step (4), for there being the material of yield point elongation, it is flat that surrender is chosen in the starting position of plastic curve
The position that platform starts；Without the curve of yield point elongation, plastic curve original position determines according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, and finds
Corresponding true strain and trus stress value.
Further, in step (4), the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtained is removed elasticity
Deformation stage, obtains the plastic curve of material.On engineering stress strain curve, determine plasticity according to engineering overstrain 0.2%
The original position of curve, deducts plastic curve initial strain by true strain value, and trus stress value is constant, then obtain uniform plastic deformation
The plastic curve in stage.
Further, in step (5), comprise the steps: to make the specification phase of and test sample of hypermesh
With, the state loaded according to reality test in ABAQUS, including the shape of chuck, accommodate the parameter such as initial position of exemplar all
In kind with actual extension test consistent, the process of simulation material test, the reality that the mesh shape of exemplar and size emulate according to CAE
Border it needs to be determined that；Using the elastic modelling quantity obtained and uniform plastic deformation stage plastic curve as input, add to CAE exemplar model
Carry, simulate uniaxial tension process, the load-displacement curves of extensometer position when obtaining uniform plastic's stage actual tests, and with
The load displacement curve that records of experiment compares, and by non-to the frictional force etc. of the size of mesh opening of ABAQUS model, clamping
Material constitutive parameter is adjusted, until finally giving the load displacement curve that uniform plastic deformation stage CAE model calculates
Close with the load displacement curve that test obtains, the data of the now exemplar phantom set up of explanation and actual measurement substantially without
Error, illustrates that the non-material the most enough factors result on model, substantially without impact, therefore can use the whole stretching of this model prediction
Process of the test.
Further, in step (6), the displacement of the stretching of extensometer relevant position omnidistance CAE model when gathering and test-
Instantaneous changes of section curve.
Compared with currently available technology, the present invention is a kind of easy and simple to handle, and simple acquisition material uniaxial tension is omnidistance
The method of true stress-true strain curve, to meet the needs of engineering design CAE emulation.Meanwhile, in conjunction with CAE technology, as far as possible
Weaken the grid effect impact on cae analysis accuracy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 present stage CAE artificial material plastic curve bound schematic diagram
Fig. 2 tests steel plate sample piece scale diagrams
Fig. 3 uniaxial tensile load-racking test curve
Fig. 4 experimental project stress-strain diagram
Fig. 5 CAE emulation plastic curve (uniform plastic deformation section)
Drawing process displacement-instantaneous cross section curve that Fig. 6 CAE software gathers
Fig. 7 equivalence true stress-strain curve
Detailed description of the invention
Describing the present invention below according to accompanying drawing, it is that the one in numerous embodiments of the present invention is the most real
Execute example.
Embodiment one
1., according to uniaxial tension standard GB/T/T228 standard, by loading extensometer, the load displacement recording exemplar is bent
Line, and measure exemplar original size and be calculated engineering stress-engineering strain curve.Elastic deformation stage's curve is utilized to calculate bullet
Property modulus；In the uniform plastic deformation stage, utilize formula (1) and formula (2) to convert and obtain true stress-true strain curve.
2. the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtained is removed elastic deformation stage, obtain material
Plastic curve.For there being the material of yield point elongation, the position that yield point elongation starts is chosen in the starting position of plastic curve；Without bending
Taking the curve of platform, plastic curve original position determines according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, and finds the true strain of correspondence with true
Stress value.
3. identical with the specification of test sample with hypermesh making one, load according to reality test in ABAQUS
State, including the shape of chuck, the parameter such as initial position accommodating exemplar is all in kind with actual extension test consistent, simulation material
The process of material test, the mesh shape of exemplar and size determine according to being actually needed of emulating of CAE.
4., using the elastic modelling quantity obtained and uniform plastic deformation stage plastic curve as input, add to CAE exemplar model
Carry, simulate uniaxial tension process, the load-displacement curves of extensometer position when obtaining uniform plastic's stage actual tests, and with
The load displacement curve that experiment records compares.And by non-to the frictional force etc. of the size of mesh opening of ABAQUS model, clamping
Material constitutive parameter is adjusted, until finally giving the load displacement curve that uniform plastic deformation stage CAE model calculates
Close with the load displacement curve that test obtains.The data of the now exemplar phantom set up of explanation and actual measurement substantially without
Error, illustrates that the non-material the most enough factors result on model, substantially without impact, therefore can use the whole stretching of this model prediction
Process of the test.
5. utilize formula (1) and formula (2), calculate the stress-strain diagram that stretching is omnidistance.Bring above-mentioned model into, carry out stretched
The calculating of journey, the displacement-instantaneous changes of section curve of the stretching of extensometer relevant position omnidistance CAE model when gathering and test.
6. utilizing the load-displacement curves that displacement and instantaneous cross section and test record, engineering stress strain curve is with true
Real stress-strain diagram compares, and truly should divided by instantaneous cross section, i.e. available theoretical equivalence by the load of respective point
Stress-strain curve.
Embodiment two
As a example by commonly using steel plate (thickness selects 2.0, and exemplar shape is shown in that Fig. 2, exemplar size are shown in Table 1) with certain automobile
Table 1 uniaxial tension exemplar size
| Sample name | a0 | b0 | D | l0 | l | L | r |
| 50 gauge lengths | Thickness of slab | 25 | 30 | 50 | 75 | ≥180 | 25～40 |
The method combined by test and CAE, obtains the enforcement of the omnidistance equivalent true stress-true strain curve of stretching indirectly
Method is as follows.
1., according to metal material uniaxial tensile test standard GB/T228, extensometer initial length is chosen 80mm, is recorded exemplar
Load displacement curve (Fig. 3).Amassed by the original section of experiment with measuring, be calculated engineering stress-engineering strain curve (figure
4).
2. utilize elastic deformation stage's curve, be calculated the elastic mould value of material according to GB/T22315；
3. find the maximum of engineering stress in engineering stress-strain curve, i.e. tensile strength, after deleting maximum
Curve, retains uniform plastic deformation phase data (Fig. 5), utilizes formula (1) and formula (2) to convert and obtains true stress-true strain curve.
4. the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtained is removed elastic deformation stage, obtain material
Plastic curve.On engineering stress strain curve, determine the original position of plastic curve according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, will
True strain value deducts plastic curve initial strain, and trus stress value is constant, then obtain the plastic curve in uniform plastic deformation stage.
5. identical with the specification of test sample with hypermesh making one, load according to reality test in ABAQUS
State, including the shape of chuck, the parameter such as initial position accommodating exemplar is all in kind with actual extension test consistent, simulation material
The process of material test, the mesh shape of exemplar and size determine according to being actually needed of emulating of CAE.
6., using the elastic modelling quantity obtained and uniform plastic deformation stage plastic curve as input, add to CAE exemplar model
Carry, simulate uniaxial tension process, the load-displacement curves of extensometer position when obtaining uniform plastic's stage actual tests, and with
The load displacement curve that experiment records compares.If variant, by can by adjust ABAQUS model size of mesh opening,
The parameters such as the frictional force of clamping are adjusted, until finally giving the load position that uniform plastic deformation stage CAE model calculates
Move curve close with the load displacement curve that test obtains.
7. utilize formula (1) and formula (2), calculate the stress-strain diagram that stretching is omnidistance.Bring above-mentioned model into, carry out stretched
The calculating of journey, the displacement-instantaneous changes of section curve of the stretching of extensometer relevant position omnidistance CAE model when gathering and test
(Fig. 6), displacement takes a little according to displacement point value corresponding in Fig. 3.
8., according to Fig. 3 and Fig. 6, by the load of respective point in Fig. 3 divided by instantaneous cross section in Fig. 6, i.e. can get displacement-true
Stress curve.
9. it is shown in Table 2 according to the abscissa corresponding relation of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5
Table 2 uniaxial tensile test and CAE emulate data acquisition correspondence form
Directly find the true strain value that displacement point in Fig. 6 is corresponding, replace the displacement of respective point in Fig. 6 with true strain,
Obtain the equivalent true stress-strain curve of theory.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is exemplarily described, it is clear that the present invention implements not by aforesaid way
Restriction, as long as have employed method design and the various improvement that carry out of technical scheme of the present invention, or the most improved direct application
In other occasion, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the fast acquiring method of a uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) record the load displacement curve of exemplar, and measure exemplar original size and be calculated engineering stress-engineering strain curve；
(2) elastic deformation stage's curve is utilized to calculate elastic modelling quantity；
(3) the uniform plastic deformation stage, utilize formula (1) and formula (2) to convert and obtain true stress-true strain curve, formula (1) σt=σe
(1+εe), formula (2) εt=ln (1+ εe)；
(4) the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtained is removed elastic deformation stage, obtain moulding of material
Linearity curve；
(5) accuracy of CAE phantom is verified；
(6) utilize formula (1) and formula (2), calculate the stress-strain diagram that stretching is omnidistance, bring model described in step (5) into, carry out
The calculating of drawing process；
(7) load-displacement curves that displacement and instantaneous cross section and test record, engineering stress strain curve is utilized to answer with true
Stress-strain curve compares, and by the load of respective point divided by instantaneous cross section, i.e. available theoretical equivalent true stress should
Varied curve；
Wherein the accuracy of checking CAE phantom comprises the following steps:
State that is identical with the specification of test sample with hypermesh making one, that load according to reality test in ABAQUS,
The process of simulation material test, the mesh shape of exemplar and size determine according to being actually needed of emulating of CAE；The elasticity that will obtain
Modulus and uniform plastic deformation stage plastic curve, as input, load to CAE exemplar model, simulate uniaxial tension process, obtain
The load-displacement curves of extensometer position when taking uniform plastic's stage actual tests, and the load displacement curve recorded with experiment
Compare；By the size of mesh opening of ABAQUS model, the frictional force of clamping are adjusted, until finally giving uniform plastic
The load displacement curve that the load displacement curve that deformation stage CAE model calculates obtains with test is close.
2. the fast acquiring method of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly, in (1), according to uniaxial tension standard GB/T/T 228 standard, by loading extensometer, the load displacement recording exemplar is bent
Line, and measure exemplar original size and be calculated engineering stress-engineering strain curve.
3. the fast acquiring method of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that root
According to metal material uniaxial tensile test standard GB/T 228, extensometer initial length chooses 80mm, records the load displacement of exemplar
Curve, is amassed by the original section of experiment with measuring, is calculated engineering stress-engineering strain curve.
4. the fast acquiring method of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
In step (2), utilize elastic deformation stage's curve, be calculated the elastic mould value of material according to GB/T 22315.
The fast acquiring method of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve the most as described in any of claims 1, it is special
Levy and be, in step (3), engineering stress-strain curve finds the maximum of engineering stress, i.e. tensile strength, delete
Curve after big value, retains uniform plastic deformation phase data, utilizes formula (1) and formula (2) to convert and obtains true stress-true strain song
Line.
The fast acquiring method of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve the most as described in any of claims 1, it is special
Levying and be, in step (4), for there being the material of yield point elongation, the position that yield point elongation starts is chosen in the starting position of plastic curve
Put；Without the curve of yield point elongation, plastic curve original position determines according to engineering overstrain 0.2%, and finds the true of correspondence
Strain and trus stress value.
7. the fast acquiring method of the uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve as according to any one of claim 1 to 6, its
It is characterised by, in step (4), the uniform plastic deformation stage true stress-true strain curve obtained is removed elastic deformation stage,
Obtain the plastic curve of material；On engineering stress strain curve, determine rising of plastic curve according to engineering overstrain 0.2%
Beginning position, deducts plastic curve initial strain by true strain value, and trus stress value is constant, then obtain moulding of uniform plastic deformation stage
Linearity curve.
8. the fast acquiring method of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly, in (5), comprise the steps: with hypermesh making one identical with the specification of test sample, according to reality in ABAQUS
The state that border test loads, including the shape of chuck, the initial position accommodating exemplar is all in kind with actual extension test consistent.
9. the fast acquiring method of uniaxial tension whole process true stress-strain curve as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly in (6), the displacement-instantaneous changes of section curve of the stretching of extensometer relevant position omnidistance CAE model when gathering and test.
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