CN109933925B - Method for predicting stamping forming performance of metal plate - Google Patents
Method for predicting stamping forming performance of metal plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109933925B CN109933925B CN201910207354.6A CN201910207354A CN109933925B CN 109933925 B CN109933925 B CN 109933925B CN 201910207354 A CN201910207354 A CN 201910207354A CN 109933925 B CN109933925 B CN 109933925B
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of vehicle sheet material stamping forming measurement, in particular to a method for predicting stamping forming performance of a metal sheet material, which comprises the following steps: preparing an axial stretching sample of the metal plate; measuring the material property of the axial stretching sample piece to obtain the material parameter and the simulation parameter of the metal plate; constructing a forming limit simulation model according to the material parameters and the simulation parameters; simulating the metal plate according to the forming limit simulation model to obtain a forming limit simulation value; obtaining a forming limit measurement of the sheet metal; and correcting the forming limit simulation model according to the real error value between the forming limit simulation value and the forming limit measurement value until the real error value is smaller than or equal to a preset error threshold value, and obtaining a forming limit simulation standard model. The application can realize accurate prediction of the stamping forming performance of the sheet metal part.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of vehicle sheet material stamping forming measurement, in particular to a method for predicting stamping forming performance of a metal sheet material.
Background
Along with the serious increase of the competition in the automobile field, the design and development of new automobile models are gradually changed, the shapes of corresponding automobile metal sheet parts are gradually complicated, and the forming precision standards of the automobile metal sheet parts are continuously increased, but the automobile metal sheet parts with gradually complicated shapes have a larger cracking problem in the actual stamping production process. It is therefore necessary to predict the press formability of automotive sheet metal parts by means of simulation techniques.
Automotive sheet metal parts are affected by various performance parameters of the material in the stamping process, such as: anisotropy, stress-strain relationship, change in elastic modulus with strain, and the like; by means of the simulation technology based on various performance parameters, the development cost can be reduced, the production efficiency can be improved, and the production stability can be improved by predicting the stamping forming performance of the automobile sheet metal part.
However, in the process of realizing the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the inventor discovers that the problem that the prediction accuracy of the stamping forming performance cannot be ensured because the prediction effect of the stamping forming performance is affected if the accuracy of a simulation model is insufficient exists in predicting the stamping forming performance of the automobile sheet part by virtue of the simulation technology.
Content of the application
The embodiment of the application provides a method for predicting the stamping forming performance of a metal plate, which is used for accurately predicting the stamping forming performance of a metal plate part.
In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for predicting press forming performance of a metal plate, including: preparing an axial stretching sample of the metal plate; measuring the material property of the axial stretching sample piece to obtain the material parameter and the simulation parameter of the metal plate; constructing a forming limit simulation model according to the material parameters and the simulation parameters; simulating the metal plate according to the forming limit simulation model to obtain a forming limit simulation value; obtaining a forming limit measurement of the sheet metal; and correcting the forming limit simulation model according to the real error value between the forming limit simulation value and the forming limit measurement value until the real error value is smaller than or equal to a preset error threshold value, and obtaining a forming limit simulation standard model.
The method for predicting the press forming performance of a metal plate as described above, wherein the preparing the axially stretched sample of the metal plate preferably specifically includes: a tensile sample rolled in three directions of 0 °,45 ° and 90 ° was prepared.
The method for predicting press forming performance of a metal sheet as described above, wherein preferably, the simulation parameters include: a first relationship function reflecting the relationship between the elastic modulus of the metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate, and a second relationship function reflecting the relationship between the true stress of the metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate.
The method for predicting press forming performance of a metal sheet as described above, wherein preferably, the obtaining the first relation function of the relation between the reactive elastic modulus and the true strain specifically includes: carrying out a multidirectional strain stretching-unloading experiment on the axial stretching sample piece to obtain a first curve for reflecting the relation between true strain and true stress; determining first elastic modulus values of the metal plate under different first true strains according to the first curve; and obtaining the first relation function according to the different first true strains and the first elastic modulus value corresponding to each first true strain.
The method for predicting the press forming performance of a metal sheet as described above, wherein preferably, the obtaining, according to the first curve, the elastic modulus values of the metal sheet under different true strains respectively includes: determining first elastic deformation sections corresponding to different first true strains on the first curve; and determining the slope of each first elastic deformation section as a first elastic modulus value corresponding to each different first true strain.
In the method for predicting press forming performance of a metal plate, preferably, the obtaining the first relation function according to the first true strains and the first elastic modulus values corresponding to the first true strains specifically includes: and performing decaying exponential function fitting on each first elastic modulus value corresponding to each first true strain.
The method for predicting the press forming performance of a metal sheet as described above, wherein preferably, the obtaining the second relation function reflecting the relation between the true stress and the true strain specifically includes: carrying out a unidirectional strain stretching-unloading experiment on the axial stretching sample piece to obtain a second curve which reflects the relation between true strain and true stress; determining a second elastically deformed segment on the second curve that conforms to Hooke's law; and determining the second relation function according to the second elastic deformation section.
The method for predicting the press forming performance of a metal sheet as described above, wherein preferably, the determining the second relation function according to the second elastic deformation section specifically includes: determining each second true stress applied to the metal plate material during unidirectional strain stretching and a second true strain corresponding to each second true stress according to the second elastic deformation section; and performing linear function fitting on each second true stress and each second true strain to obtain the second relation function.
The method for predicting press forming performance of a metal sheet as described above, wherein preferably, the material parameters include: coefficient of friction of the metal sheet.
The method for predicting the press forming performance of a metal plate as described above, wherein preferably, the measuring the material property of the axially stretched sample member obtains the friction coefficient of the metal plate, specifically includes: and testing the friction coefficient of the metal plate by adopting a friction tester.
The method for predicting the press forming performance of a metal plate as described above, wherein preferably, after the true error value is less than or equal to a preset error threshold, further includes: and carrying out stamping simulation of the to-be-stamped part according to the forming limit simulation standard model, and outputting a stamping formability prediction result.
According to the embodiment of the application, the forming limit simulation model is constructed according to the material parameters and the simulation parameters, the forming limit simulation value is obtained by simulation according to the forming limit simulation model, then the forming limit simulation model is corrected according to the real error value between the forming limit simulation value and the forming limit measurement value until the real error value is smaller than or equal to the preset error threshold, and the forming limit simulation standard model is obtained, so that the accuracy of finally obtaining the forming limit simulation standard model is effectively ensured, and further, the accurate prediction of the stamping forming performance of the metal plate can be realized.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present application in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more readily apparent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting stamping forming performance of a metal sheet according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing stress-strain curves of a high strength steel 590DP loaded-unloaded multiple times in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a fitted curve of the elastic modulus change of the high-strength steel 590DP under multiple loads in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the tensile stress and strain for a high strength steel DP590 multi-strain;
FIG. 5 is a stress-strain relationship curve of DP590 unidirectional tension of high-strength steel;
fig. 6 is the FLC forming test result of the high strength steel DP590 material.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides a method for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, if the accuracy of a simulation model is insufficient, the prediction effect of the stamping forming performance is affected and the prediction accuracy of the stamping forming performance cannot be ensured.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the application has the following general ideas:
the forming limit simulation model is constructed according to the material parameters and the simulation parameters, the forming limit simulation value is obtained by simulation according to the forming limit simulation model, then the forming limit simulation model is corrected according to the real error value between the forming limit simulation value and the forming limit measurement value until the real error value is smaller than or equal to a preset error threshold value, and the forming limit simulation standard model is obtained, so that the accuracy of finally obtaining the forming limit simulation standard model is effectively ensured, and further, the accurate prediction of the stamping forming performance of the metal plate can be realized.
The following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present application will be given by way of the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific features of the embodiments and embodiments of the present application are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and not limiting the technical solutions of the present application, and that the embodiments and technical features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting press forming performance of a metal sheet according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step 110: preparing an axial stretching sample of the metal plate;
further, the processing of the dog bone tensile specimen was performed according to the national standard GB/T228.1-2010, taking three rolling directions of 0, 45 and 90, respectively.
Step 120: measuring the material property of the axial stretching sample piece to obtain the material parameter and the simulation parameter of the metal plate;
specifically, the simulation parameters include: a first relation function which reflects the relation between the elastic modulus of the metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate, and a second relation function which reflects the relation between the true stress of the metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate; the material parameters include: coefficient of friction of the metal sheet.
Since the dog bone is rolled from 0 °,45 ° and 90 ° in step 110, the material performance test of the axially stretched sample is also performed in three rolling directions, respectively, to obtain the material parameters and simulation parameters corresponding to each rolling direction. Namely, a first relation function of the elastic modulus of the reaction metal plate and the rolling direction of 0 degree, the rolling direction of 45 degrees and the rolling direction of 90 degrees of the relation between the elastic modulus of the reaction metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate, and a second relation function of the true stress of the reaction metal plate and the rolling direction of 0 degree, the rolling direction of 45 degrees and the rolling direction of 90 degrees of the relation between the true stress of the reaction metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate are needed to be obtained; the friction coefficient of the metal plate in the rolling direction of 0 DEG, the rolling direction of 45 DEG and the rolling direction of 90 deg.
(1) Specifically, a first relation function of the rolling direction of 0 degrees, the rolling direction of 45 degrees and the rolling direction of 90 degrees is obtained through multi-strain stretch unloading tests of three rolling directions and data fitting.
Since the method for obtaining the first relation function of the rolling direction of 0 ° and the rolling direction of 45 ° and the rolling direction of 90 ° is similar, only the principle thereof will be described in detail, specifically as follows:
the dog bone tensile samples were subjected to a "multiple strain stretch-unload test" on a tensile tester at 0 ° rolling direction with a true strain interval of 0.02 until the true strain was 0.08. The obtained "force-displacement" value is then converted into "true stress-true strain".
The high-strength steel DP590 (0 ° rolling direction) is taken as an example for visual illustration. Fig. 2 is a multi-strain tensile stress strain curve (in the rolling direction) of the high-strength steel DP 590.
Fig. 2 is a stress-strain curve of high-strength steel 590DP from multiple loading to unloading, representing that a true strain is applied to high-strength steel DP5905 in a rolling direction of 0 ° and after each true strain is applied, high-strength steel DP590 is elastically deformed, the relationship between the true stress and the true strain changes linearly in accordance with hooke's law until the deformation is unrecoverable, and the relationship between the true stress and the true strain shows a curve relationship. The slope of the straight line data segment reflecting the elastic deformation of the high-strength steel DP590 when the metal plate is loaded with the true strain for 5 times (the true strain for 5 times is 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 respectively) shown in fig. 2 is measured, and the slope of the straight line data segment represents the elastic modulus of the metal plate, which is the high-strength steel DP590 loaded each time, so as to obtain 5 elastic modulus values and the true strain corresponding to each elastic modulus value. As shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 true strain and elastic modulus values for 5 loads, respectively
| Sequence number | True strain | Modulus of elasticity value E |
| 1 | 0 | 204.971 |
| 2 | 0.01745 | 165.825 |
| 3 | 0.03421 | 167.401 |
| 4 | 0.05066 | 163.94 |
| 5 | 0.06694 | 164.896 |
And 5 groups of values are drawn in one icon table to obtain 5 scattered points. Thereafter, use e=e 0 -(E 0 -E sat )[1-exp(-ξε)]Fitting a formula; (wherein E 0 The initial elastic modulus of the material is an experimental measurement value; e (E) sat The elastic modulus saturation value is obtained through formula fitting; xi is a material constant, and is obtained by formula fitting; epsilon is a strain value, and the change rule of the elastic modulus in the process of multiple loading is fitted to obtain a fitting curve, so that E can be obtained sat Values. The relation of elastic modulus and true strain can be fitted through mathematical tool software, and a fitting formula is obtained. Fig. 3 shows the results obtained by fitting 5 three-point pairs.
The following are specific values of the fitting result of the mathematical tool:
b＝251.6(-377.1,880.3)
Goodness of fit:
SSE:6.365
R-square:0.9949
Adjusted R-square:0.9932
RMSE:1.457
and finally, comparing the fitting value with an experimental measurement value to verify the validity of the fitting formula. The specific values of the parameters of the formula, as well as the fitting correlation, are shown in Table 2, which illustrates that the fitting is good.
Table 2 correlation of fitting values
| Number plate | E 0 | E sat | ξ | Correlation degree |
| DP590 | 204.971 | 165.4 | 251.6 | 0.9937 |
The above example takes multi-strain stretch unloading in the rolling direction of DP590 as an example, so that the relation between strain and elastic modulus of the material in other two directions and the corresponding fitting formula can be obtained. Thereby obtaining fitting formulas of strain and elastic modulus in three directions:
E 10 ＝E 0 -(E 0 -E sat )[1-exp(-ξε)](in the Rolling direction) (2)
E 11 ＝E 0 -(E 0 -E sat )[1-exp(-ξε)](45 degree to the rolling direction) (3)
E 01 ＝E 0 -(E 0 -E sat )[1-exp(-ξε)](90 degrees to the rolling direction) (4)
(2) The second relation function of the rolling direction of 0 DEG, the rolling direction of 45 DEG and the rolling direction of 90 DEG is obtained through unidirectional tensile tests of three rolling directions and data fitting.
Since the second relationship function of the rolling direction of 0 ° and the rolling direction of 45 ° and the rolling direction of 90 ° is obtained by a similar method, only the principle thereof will be described in detail, specifically as follows:
unidirectional tensile tests in three rolling directions are carried out, so that the stress-strain relation in the three directions is obtained, and the stress-strain relation in the three directions is obtained through a mechanical formula sigma=A+k epsilon B Fitting was performed. The same method obtains the fitting formula of the unidirectional stretching mechanical property in three directions. The high-strength steel DP590 multi-strain tensile stress strain curve and the unidirectional tensile stress strain curve are compared with each other, and see fig. 4 and 5; FIG. 4 is a graph showing the tensile stress and strain curves of the high-strength steel DP590 and FIG. 5 is a graph showing the high-strength steel DP5Stress-strain relationship curve for 90 unidirectional tension.
Fitting formulas of three directions (rolling direction, 45-degree direction with rolling direction and vertical rolling direction) are respectively as follows:
σ 0 ＝A+kε B (5)
σ 45 ＝A+kε B (6)
σ 90 ＝A+kε B (7)
(3) The friction coefficient of the metal plate is obtained by three rolling directions, and the friction coefficient of the metal plate in the 0 DEG rolling direction, the 45 DEG rolling direction and the 90 DEG rolling direction are required to be obtained first.
In particular, the friction coefficient is tested by a friction tester according to the lubricating oil and the oiling state (such as light oiling, medium oiling and heavy oiling) used in the stamping of metal plates (such as automobile plates). The friction coefficient in three rolling directions was measured separately, and then the average value was taken to obtain the friction coefficient value of the material.
Because of the different rolling directions, the grain orientations of the three rolling directions are different, and the property and microstructure of the material in the three directions are different during the stretching deformation, so that the surface states during the deformation process are different to some extent. The coefficient of friction will vary. It is therefore necessary to perform friction tests in three rolling directions and then take an average value.
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,the average friction coefficient is also used in the simulation model; mu (mu) 0 The friction coefficient in the rolling direction; mu (mu) 45 A coefficient of friction at 45 degrees to the rolling direction; mu (mu) 90 Is the coefficient of friction in the rolling direction of 90 degrees.
Step 130: constructing a forming limit simulation model according to the material parameters and the simulation parameters;
step 140: simulating the metal plate according to the forming limit simulation model to obtain a forming limit simulation value;
the strain-elastic modulus relationship (i.e. the first relationship function) and the stress-strain relationship (i.e. the second relationship) obtained above are developed secondarily through a user subroutine (such as the VUMAT of Abaqus) of the simulation software and are developed into the simulation software. While the coefficient of friction in the simulation uses the average value of the measured coefficient of friction. And constructing a simulation model corresponding to the FLC test bulging FLC test by using three-dimensional forming CAD software and simulation software, and performing FLC forming simulation analysis on the metal sheet (namely).
Step 150: obtaining a forming limit measurement of the sheet metal;
that is, the obtained dog bone axial stretching sample was subjected to a forming limit test experiment to obtain a forming limit measurement value of the metal plate material.
Specifically, the equipment used for the high-strength steel DP590 was tested by a conventional forming limit bulging tester, and the test results are shown in fig. 6.
Step 160: and correcting the forming limit simulation model according to the real error value between the forming limit simulation value and the forming limit measurement value until the real error value is smaller than or equal to a preset error threshold value, and obtaining a forming limit simulation standard model.
Specifically, the simulation prediction result (namely, the forming limit simulation value) is compared with the test value (forming limit measurement value), if the preset error threshold is exceeded, parameters of the simulation model are modified, such as grid type, grid number, related parameters in the material model and the like, and the simulation is repeated. The error threshold set here is 5%. By modifying the parameters of the secondarily developed material model, the relevant parameters in the simulation model, such as the number of grid types, etc., continuously reduce the gap between the simulation predicted value and the test value until the error is less than the error threshold (5%). The material model and the simulation model are higher in prediction precision, and the obtained model is a forming limit simulation standard model, so that the forming limit simulation standard model can be used for predicting the stamping formability of an actual part.
Further, after the true error value is less than or equal to a preset error threshold, the method further includes: and carrying out stamping simulation of the to-be-stamped part according to the forming limit simulation standard model, and outputting a stamping formability prediction result.
Specifically, the stamping simulation of the actual automobile sheet metal part is performed by using parameters corresponding to the forming limit simulation standard model, and a stamping formability prediction result is output. Because the stamping simulation is carried out by means of the forming limit simulation standard model, the simulation result accurately reflects the stamping formability of the actual automobile sheet metal part, and the method can provide reference for the stamping forming operation of the actual automobile sheet metal part, thereby achieving the effects of reducing development cost, improving production efficiency and improving production stability.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A method for predicting press forming performance of a metal sheet, the method comprising:
preparing an axial stretching sample of the metal plate;
and measuring the material property of the axial stretching sample piece to obtain the material parameter and the simulation parameter of the metal plate, wherein the simulation parameter comprises the following steps: a first relation function of the relation between the elastic modulus of the reactive metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate, and a second relation function of the relation between the true stress of the reactive metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate, wherein the first relation function of the relation between the elastic modulus of the reactive metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate specifically comprises: carrying out a multidirectional strain stretching-unloading experiment on the axial stretching sample piece to obtain a first curve for reflecting the relation between true strain and true stress; determining, from the first curve, first elastic modulus values of the metal plate under different first true strains, respectively, including: determining first elastic deformation sections corresponding to different first true strains on the first curve; determining the slope of each first elastic deformation section as a first elastic modulus value corresponding to each different first true strain; the first relation function is obtained according to different first true strains and the first elastic modulus value corresponding to each first true strain, and specifically comprises the following steps: performing decaying exponential function fitting on each first elastic modulus value corresponding to each first true strain; wherein the second relation function of the relation between the true stress of the reactive metal plate and the true strain of the metal plate specifically comprises: carrying out a unidirectional strain stretching-unloading experiment on the axial stretching sample piece to obtain a second curve which reflects the relation between true strain and true stress; determining a second elastically deformed segment on the second curve that conforms to Hooke's law; determining the second relation function according to the second elastic deformation section specifically includes: determining each second true stress applied to the metal plate material during unidirectional strain stretching and a second true strain corresponding to each second true stress according to the second elastic deformation section; performing linear function fitting on each second true stress and each second true strain to obtain a second relation function;
constructing a forming limit simulation model according to the material parameters and the simulation parameters;
simulating the metal plate according to the forming limit simulation model to obtain a forming limit simulation value;
obtaining a forming limit measurement of the sheet metal;
and correcting the forming limit simulation model according to the real error value between the forming limit simulation value and the forming limit measurement value until the real error value is smaller than or equal to a preset error threshold value, and obtaining a forming limit simulation standard model.
2. The method for predicting stamping forming performance of a metal sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein the material parameters include: coefficient of friction of the metal sheet.
3. The method for predicting the press forming performance of a metal sheet as claimed in claim 2, wherein said measuring the material property of said axially stretched sample member to obtain the friction coefficient of the metal sheet comprises:
and testing the friction coefficient of the metal plate by adopting a friction tester.
4. The method for predicting press formability of a metal sheet according to claim 1, further comprising, after the true error value is equal to or less than a preset error threshold:
and carrying out stamping simulation of the to-be-stamped part according to the forming limit simulation standard model, and outputting a stamping formability prediction result.
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| CN111521498A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-11 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Metal plate paint brush line strain limit testing method and testing device |
| US11651120B2 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-05-16 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and system of reporting stretching failure in stamping die development |
| CN112453160A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-09 | 李方 | Metal plate stamping correction method |
| CN112613214B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-08-16 | 上汽大众汽车有限公司 | Method for loading stamping damage in finite element analysis |
| CN113125256B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2023-02-10 | 上海大学 | Prediction method based on material yield strength dynamic growth factor |
| CN113218785B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and system for predicting tensile property of polymer based on stamping test |
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