CN114519284B - Numerical simulation-based step blasting rock block prediction method - Google Patents
Numerical simulation-based step blasting rock block prediction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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Abstract
The invention provides a step blasting rock block size prediction method based on numerical simulation, which comprises the following steps: s1, performing small-dose explosion test on an explosion site, and arranging measuring points to perform explosion vibration monitoring to obtain an actual measurement vibration waveform; s2, introducing physical and mechanical parameters of an empirical rock mass as initial values to establish a finite element numerical model of the pilot explosion field, and obtaining a numerical calculation blasting vibration time course curve; s3, calculating whether the explosion vibration data error of the same point position in the field test and the numerical model is smaller than an allowable error; s4, a two-dimensional finite element model is built according to the typical section selected from the field. The method can consider various factors such as geological conditions, blasting parameters and the like of the blasting site engineering, has higher applicability and prediction precision compared with the existing prediction method, and can particularly complete step blasting block prediction before blasting construction and reduce construction risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of open-air step blasting, in particular to a step blasting rock block prediction method for guiding step control blasting construction.
Background
With the development of productivity and the increasing demand of people for substances, the demand of mineral resources is also increasing. The step blasting technology is a main means of production and construction of the surface mine because of the characteristics of simple construction, low cost and the like. However, the step blasting effect is affected by hole distribution mode, engineering geological conditions and the like, and blasting effect evaluation is required to optimize the blasting process. Rock block is an important index for evaluating the step blasting effect, and the proper rock block can save blasting cost, shorten ballasting time and simplify construction flow. Therefore, the step blasting rock block prediction is of great significance to step blasting optimization and production efficiency improvement.
At present, the step blasting rock block size is predicted by two methods in engineering practice: firstly, an existing mathematical prediction model, such as Harries model, BCM model, bond-Ram model and the like, is a semi-theoretical semi-empirical model based on theoretical derivation and considering influence of various factors, and has larger error in actual use due to over ideal form; and secondly, an experience model is established through a machine learning method, wherein the machine learning method mainly comprises a genetic algorithm, a neural network, an SVM (support vector machine) and the like, and the model has lower applicability to different projects because a large number of test samples are needed for optimizing the model and cannot be used for engineering early-stage feasibility research. Because the above method has the defects of low prediction precision, long period, low applicability and the like, a novel step blasting rock block prediction method needs to be provided for overcoming the problems in the existing method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a step blasting rock block size prediction method based on numerical simulation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rock burst block analysis method based on numerical simulation, the method comprising: calculating a numerical model and blasting rock block size;
The numerical model calculation includes the steps of:
S1, small-dose explosion test is carried out on a prestep explosion site, explosion vibration test points are arranged according to site conditions, and an explosion vibration tester is placed at each point to obtain vibration data;
S2, establishing a explosion dynamic numerical model of the explosion site by finite element analysis software according to site explosion parameters and geological conditions, and introducing a group of empirical rock physical mechanical parameters as initial values;
The initial value is carried into a numerical model for calculation, and a numerical calculation blasting vibration time course curve is obtained;
S3, calculating the explosion vibration data error of the same point in the field test and the numerical model, wherein the error is required to be less than 10%;
If the calculation error of the blasting vibration data of the same point position in the field test and the numerical model is less than 10%, the physical and mechanical parameters of the initial rock mass are suitable for the local field; executing the step S4;
Otherwise, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass are adjusted step by step on the basis of the initial value, and the parameter adjustment amplitude is judged through the error change trend until the error between the on-site test value and the numerical calculation value is less than 10%;
S4, selecting n sections perpendicular to the direction of the free surface in the three-dimensional model, and establishing n two-dimensional step blasting finite element models F 1、F2…Fn, wherein n is not less than 3;
s5, discretizing the finite element model in S4 by inserting a shell unit between the entity units, and converting the shell unit into a zero-thickness cohesive force unit in finite element numerical software to obtain a finite discrete element model M 1、M2…Mn;
inputting the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass, the material parameters of the cohesive force unit and the blasting parameters in the S3 into a finite discrete element model, and submitting the parameters to a solver for calculation;
s6, checking a numerical calculation result, and deriving a step blasting numerical calculation effect diagram;
The blasting rock mass calculation comprises the following steps:
s7, importing the obtained step blasting numerical value calculation effect graph into AutoCAD to carry out edge tracing treatment on the effect graph, and manufacturing a step blasting morphological graph;
S8, acquiring the blasting block size ratio according to the different blasting block sizes, and drawing a blasting block size distribution curve;
repeating the operations of S7 and S8 of manufacturing the step post-blasting morphological map and drawing the blasting block size distribution curve on the finite discrete element model M 1、M2…Mn to obtain a block size distribution prediction result R 1、R2…Rn, and taking the average number of n model results as a final prediction result.
Preferably, in step S1, the small explosive amount is only enough to trigger site vibration, and the site blasting vibration test points are not less than 3.
Preferably, in step S2, the blasting parameters and geological conditions include a hole network parameter, a loading parameter, and a step geometry, and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass include: density, modulus of elasticity, poisson's ratio, yield strength, tangential modulus, hardening coefficient.
Preferably, in step S3, the blasting vibration data error refers to a blasting vibration speed peak value and a dominant frequency error.
Preferably, in step S5, the cohesive force unit material parameters include: density, tangential stiffness, normal stiffness, critical normal and tangential displacement components, type i energy of rupture and type ii energy of rupture.
Preferably, in step S8, the final prediction result refers to an average value of the grading of each blasting block, and the calculation method is as follows:
wherein R i is the i-th model blockiness distribution result, comprising each grading proportion, and n is the number of established finite discrete element models.
In summary, by adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can consider various factors such as geological conditions, blasting parameters and the like of the blasting site engineering, has higher applicability and prediction precision compared with the existing prediction method, and can particularly complete step blasting block prediction before blasting construction and reduce construction risk.
2. The step blasting block size method provided by the invention has the advantages of visual calculation result, simplicity, convenience, rapidness and flexibility, capability of treating the step blasting problem under various geological conditions, and engineering application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a step blasting rock block size prediction method based on numerical simulation;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an in situ test explosion vibration test of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a numerical model of an in-situ pilot explosion established in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional finite element model constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional finite element model constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a step blasting effect diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a step burst block distribution diagram of the present invention;
In the figure: e-explosion testing source, C 1 -explosion testing monitoring point 1, C 2 -explosion testing monitoring point 2, C 3 -explosion testing monitoring point 3, 1-rock mass, 2-explosive, 3-stemming, 4-entity unit and 5-cohesive force unit.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a step blasting block size prediction method based on numerical simulation, and a specific implementation flow is shown in FIG. 1;
The method comprises two parts: calculating a numerical model and blasting rock block size;
the numerical model calculation includes the steps of:
S1, small-dose explosion test is carried out on a prestep explosion site, explosion vibration test points are arranged according to site conditions, an explosion vibration tester is placed at each point to obtain vibration data, the number of the test vibration points is not less than 3, and test point vibration data texts are derived;
in this embodiment, 3 test sites are arranged as shown in fig. 2.
S2, establishing a explosion dynamic numerical model of the explosion site through finite element analysis software according to site explosion parameters and geological conditions, and introducing a group of empirical rock physical mechanical parameters as initial values as shown in FIG. 3; in this embodiment, the finite element software may be LS-DYNA, ABAUQS, etc., and the empirical parameters may refer to geological survey reports and similar projects;
and (5) taking the initial value into a numerical model for calculation to obtain a numerical calculation blasting vibration time course curve.
S3, calculating the explosion vibration data error of the same point in the field test and the numerical model, wherein the error is required to be less than 10%; in the embodiment, the blasting vibration data error mainly compares the blasting vibration speed peak value with the main frequency, and the error is within 10%;
If the calculation error of the blasting vibration data of the same point position in the field test and the numerical model is less than 10%, the physical and mechanical parameters of the initial rock mass are suitable for the local field; executing the step S4;
Otherwise, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass are adjusted step by step on the basis of the initial value, and the parameter adjustment amplitude is judged according to the error change trend until the error between the on-site test value and the numerical calculation value is less than 10%.
S4, selecting n sections perpendicular to the direction of the free surface in the three-dimensional model, and establishing n two-dimensional step blasting finite element models F 1、F2…Fn, wherein n is not less than 3;
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 4, three characteristic sections are selected according to the step surface morphology: f 1、F2、F3, each section length and width is required to ensure that the rock mass stress redistribution range can be completely included, and generally takes 3 times of the length of the blasting area.
S5, discretizing the finite element model in S4 by inserting a shell unit between the entity units, and converting the shell unit into a zero-thickness cohesive force unit in finite element numerical software to obtain a finite discrete element model M 1、M2…Mn;
In this embodiment, the range of the discretization unit is first defined, and referring to fig. 5, in fig. 5, the rock mass and stemming units are discretized, the explosive units are not processed, the shell units are built between all the rock mass and stemming units, after the redundant units are deleted, the shell units are converted into cohesive force units, and at this time, the thickness of the cohesive force units is 0;
inputting the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass, the material parameters of the cohesive force unit and the blasting parameters in the S3 into the finite discrete element model, and submitting the parameters to a solver for calculation.
S6, checking a numerical calculation result, and deriving a step blasting numerical calculation effect diagram;
The blasting rock mass calculation comprises the following steps:
s7, importing the obtained step blasting numerical value calculation effect graph into AutoCAD to carry out edge tracing treatment on the effect graph, and manufacturing a step blasting morphological graph;
In this embodiment, the derived cloud image is imported into AutoCAD, and the image is subjected to edge tracing by applying spline curves, as shown in fig. 6.
S8, acquiring blasting block size ratio according to different blasting block area sizes, and drawing a blasting block size distribution curve;
repeating the operations of S7 and S8 of manufacturing the step post-blasting morphological map and drawing the blasting block size distribution curve on the finite discrete element model M 1、M2…Mn to obtain a block size distribution prediction result R 1、R2…Rn, and taking the average number of n model results as a final prediction result;
In this embodiment, areas of different blocks in the blasting effect graphs of the three models are checked in the AutoCAD, the area ratio of the same block size in the three models is averaged, and a blasting block size distribution curve is drawn, as shown in fig. 7.
In this specification, material characteristics, structural features and the like may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The above embodiments of the present invention are easy to operate, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, variations, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The step blasting rock block size prediction method based on numerical simulation is characterized by comprising numerical model calculation and blasting rock block size calculation;
The numerical model calculation includes the steps of:
S1, small-dose explosion test is carried out on a prestep explosion site, explosion vibration test points are arranged according to site conditions, and an explosion vibration tester is placed at each point to obtain vibration data;
S2, establishing a explosion dynamic numerical model of the explosion site by finite element analysis software according to site explosion parameters and geological conditions, and introducing a group of empirical rock physical mechanical parameters as initial values;
The initial value is carried into a numerical model for calculation, and a numerical calculation blasting vibration time course curve is obtained;
S3, calculating the explosion vibration data error of the same point in the field test and the numerical model, wherein the error is required to be less than 10%;
If the calculation error of the blasting vibration data of the same point position in the field test and the numerical model is less than 10%, the physical and mechanical parameters of the initial rock mass are suitable for the local field; executing the step S4;
Otherwise, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass are adjusted step by step on the basis of the initial value, and the parameter adjustment amplitude is judged through the error change trend until the error between the on-site test value and the numerical calculation value is less than 10%;
S4, selecting n sections perpendicular to the direction of the free surface in the three-dimensional model, and establishing n two-dimensional step blasting finite element models F 1、F2…Fn, wherein n is not less than 3;
s5, discretizing the finite element model in S4 by inserting a shell unit between the entity units, and converting the shell unit into a zero-thickness cohesive force unit in finite element numerical software to obtain a finite discrete element model M 1、M2…Mn;
inputting the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass, the material parameters of the cohesive force unit and the blasting parameters in the S3 into a finite discrete element model, and submitting the parameters to a solver for calculation;
s6, checking a numerical calculation result, and deriving a step blasting numerical calculation effect diagram;
The blasting rock mass calculation comprises the following steps:
s7, importing the obtained step blasting numerical value calculation effect graph into AutoCAD to carry out edge tracing treatment on the effect graph, and manufacturing a step blasting morphological graph;
S8, acquiring the blasting block size ratio according to the different blasting block sizes, and drawing a blasting block size distribution curve;
repeating the operations of S7 and S8 of manufacturing the step post-blasting morphological map and drawing the blasting block size distribution curve on the finite discrete element model M 1、M2…Mn to obtain a block size distribution prediction result R 1、R2…Rn, and taking the average number of n model results as a final prediction result.
2. The method for predicting the rock mass of step blasting based on numerical simulation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the small explosive amount of the trial explosion is only enough to induce site vibration, and the number of site blasting vibration test points is not less than 3.
3. The method for predicting the rock mass of step blasting based on numerical simulation according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the blasting parameters and geological conditions include a hole network parameter, a loading parameter and a step geometry, and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass include: density, modulus of elasticity, poisson's ratio, yield strength, tangential modulus, hardening coefficient.
4. The method for predicting the rock mass of a step blasting according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the blasting vibration data error refers to a blasting vibration speed peak value and a dominant frequency error.
5. The method for predicting the rock mass of a step blasting based on numerical simulation according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the cohesive unit material parameters include: density, tangential stiffness, normal stiffness, critical normal and tangential displacement components, type i energy of rupture and type ii energy of rupture.
6. The method for predicting the rock mass of step blasting based on numerical simulation according to claim 1, wherein in step S8, the final prediction result refers to an average value of the mass grading of each blasting, and the calculation method is as follows:
wherein R i is the i-th model blockiness distribution result, comprising each grading proportion, and n is the number of established finite discrete element models.
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| CN115630257B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-04-21 | 中南大学 | Blasting hopper volume prediction method |
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| CN106326546A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for forecasting rock blasting damage depth of nuclear power projects |
| CN108645299A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-12 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Rock Blasting Fragmentation analysis method based on Particle Vibration Velocity |
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| US11416645B2 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2022-08-16 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Systems for automated blast design planning and methods related thereto |
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| CN106326546A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for forecasting rock blasting damage depth of nuclear power projects |
| CN108645299A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-12 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Rock Blasting Fragmentation analysis method based on Particle Vibration Velocity |
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