CN114518295A - Tower load measuring method, device and system - Google Patents

Tower load measuring method, device and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114518295A
CN114518295A CN202011308142.6A CN202011308142A CN114518295A CN 114518295 A CN114518295 A CN 114518295A CN 202011308142 A CN202011308142 A CN 202011308142A CN 114518295 A CN114518295 A CN 114518295A
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tower
deformation
load
obtaining
optical reflection
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Inventor
李小孟
廖戡武
万能
王磊
龚佳辉
巫发明
蒋红武
李音泉
钟杰
王志林
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CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co Ltd
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CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0023—Bending
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0025—Shearing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

The invention discloses a tower load measuring method, a device and a system, which belong to the technical field of wind power and are used for solving the technical problems of complex operation, high cost, inconvenient disassembly and assembly and the like of the existing tower load test, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring the deformation quantity of the tower; 2) and obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower. The device comprises an optical reflecting lens, an image acquisition unit, an image processing unit and an information processing unit; the optical reflection lenses are distributed on each height layer of the tower; the image acquisition unit is positioned at the bottom of the tower and used for acquiring the image information of the optical reflection lens on the tower; the image processing unit is used for carrying out image processing on the image information to obtain the deformation quantity of the tower; and the information processing unit is used for obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower. The invention has the advantages of simple testing principle, strong applicability, low cost, simple and convenient disassembly and assembly and the like.

Description

Tower load measuring method, device and system
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of wind power, in particular to a tower load measuring method, device and system.
Background
Wind power generation has been developed in our country for many years as a renewable energy source. Along with the maturity of the technology, the subsidy policy of the wind power industry starts to be cancelled gradually, and in addition, the development of a high-wind-speed wind field is almost completely done, a fan manufacturer faces the dilemma that the number of available hours of a unit is low and the cost pressure is large, the development of a high-power and high-tower crane is an industry consensus, and the generated energy of the unit can be improved to a certain extent. The tower is used as a key component of the wind turbine generator, needs to bear the weight of a wind wheel and a cabin and alternating load caused by rotation, and how to optimally design the tower on the premise of ensuring the safety of the generator, so that the reduction of the weight of the tower becomes a common target of a fan manufacturer and an owner.
In the searched literature about tower load measurement, the patent application of a wind generating set tower load measurement system with the publication number of CN109026554B only describes the constituent modules of the tower load measurement system, and how to perform the measurement is not clear; patent CN110160682A entitled load monitoring System and method for measuring Tower load by combining fiber Bragg Grating and Strain gauges, the testing principle is complex, the cost is high and the system is not easy to disassemble and assemble; in other patents, the operation load of the tower is compared with a design load threshold value, and then the load of the fan is reduced by controlling actions, so that the implementation mode of the tower load measuring system is not clear.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tower load measuring method and system with simple test principle and strong applicability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a tower load measurement method comprising the steps of:
1) acquiring the deformation quantity of the tower;
2) and obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
in the step 1), the deformation amount of the tower is obtained according to the image information by acquiring the image information of the tower.
In the step 1), a plurality of optical reflection lenses are arranged in the circumferential direction of each height layer of the tower, and when the fan is static, the central positions of the optical reflection lenses of each height layer of the tower are collected and positioned on the central axis z of the tower; when the fan runs, under the action of external force, the tower frame is subjected to the action of shearing force and bending moment to generate certain deformation, the central positions of the optical reflection lenses of all height layers of the tower frame are collected, and the deformation amounts of the different height layers of the tower frame in the y direction or/and the x direction are measured.
In the step 2), the shearing force and bending moment value of the tower are obtained according to the deformation amount of the tower, so that the load of the tower is obtained.
The specific process of obtaining the shear force and the bending moment value of the tower frame in the y direction according to the deformation of the tower frame is as follows:
from the measured y-direction deformation amounts y1, y2, y3., the deformation equation y (y) (z) of the tower can be fitted; approximating differential equations from the deflection line in bending deformation of a beam
Figure BDA0002788872110000021
Can obtain the product
Figure BDA0002788872110000022
Wherein M (z) is a bending moment; EI (z) is flexural rigidity;
the moment of inertia I (z) of the tower is constant for each welding section, i.e. for each welding section
M(z)＝y″(z)·EI (1)
Obtaining the bending moment M (z) of the tower at the height layer z by the formula (1);
according to the balance differential equation of the beam, the shearing force of the tower can be obtained
Figure BDA0002788872110000023
Equations (1) and (2) are combined, so that the shearing force F (z) and the bending moment M (z) of any section of the tower can be obtained;
and similarly, obtaining the shearing force and the bending moment value of the tower frame in the x direction.
The invention also discloses a tower load measuring device, which comprises an optical reflection lens, an image acquisition unit, an image processing unit and an information processing unit; the number of the optical reflection lenses is multiple, and the optical reflection lenses are distributed on each height layer of each tower; the image acquisition unit is positioned at the bottom of the tower and used for acquiring image information of the optical reflection lens on the tower; the image processing unit is used for carrying out image processing on the image information to obtain the deformation quantity of the tower; and the information processing unit is used for obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
Preferably, the image acquisition unit is a camera.
The invention further discloses a tower load measuring system, comprising:
the first module is used for acquiring the deformation quantity of the tower;
and the second module is used for obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
The invention also discloses a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, performs the steps of the tower load measuring method as described above.
The invention further discloses a computer arrangement comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the steps of the tower load measuring method as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention is based on the measurement mode of optical reflection, is not applied to tower load measurement, has the advantages of simple test principle, lower cost, convenient disassembly and the like compared with the test mode of fiber bragg grating and strain gauge, and can be applied to the load measurement of the wind turbine tower in batches.
The invention measures the load of the tower in real time in an optical reflection mode, and the optical reflection lens is easy to capture, so that the position of the tower can be accurately obtained, and the accurate reliability of subsequent image processing is ensured; meanwhile, the optical reflection lens is simple and convenient to assemble and disassemble and low in cost.
The tower load obtained by the measuring method can be used for participating in main control, and if the load value is close to or reaches the allowable stress value of the tower, a signal is fed back to the main control to perform early warning, and meanwhile, the tower load is reduced by adjusting parameters such as the pitch angle, the yaw angle and the like of the fan. After long-time data are accumulated, if the tower load margin is large, the tower design is conservative, and the optimization design can be performed to provide reference for the subsequent tower design. In addition, the acquired tower load value can be compared with a simulation result, whether the tower design is optimal or not is checked, the weight of the tower can be effectively controlled, the material cost is saved, and the unit cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of the measuring device of the present invention in a specific application.
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of an acquired image in accordance with the present invention; wherein (a) is a fan static state diagram; (b) is a fan running state diagram.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an embodiment of the method of the present invention in a specific application.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for calculating bending and shear forces from deformation.
The reference numbers in the figures denote: 1. a tower; 2. an image acquisition unit; 3. an optical mirror.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments of the description.
As shown in fig. 3, the tower load measuring method of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
1) acquiring the deformation quantity of the tower;
2) and obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
According to the invention, the position change (namely the deformation) of the tower is obtained in real time, and the load change condition of the tower in the fan operation process is obtained through processing, so that the integral method is simple and rapid.
In this embodiment, in step 1), the deformation amount of the tower is obtained according to the image information by acquiring the image information of the tower. Specifically, a plurality of optical reflection lenses (the number is generally 8-12) are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of each height layer of the tower, and image information corresponding to the tower is obtained by shooting the optical reflection lenses. As shown in fig. 2, when the wind turbine is at rest, the centers of the optical reflectors of each height layer of the tower are collected and located on the central axis z of the tower, as shown in (a); when the fan runs, under the action of external force, the tower is subjected to shearing force and bending moment to generate certain deformation, and deformation quantities (y1, y2 and y3.) of different height layers of the tower in the y direction can be measured through the shot pictures and the scale marks in the camera, as shown in (b). Of course, if the load information of the multi-segment tower needs to be measured, optical reflection lenses may be installed on the second height layer and the third height layer … … nth height layer of the tower, so as to perform image acquisition on the multi-segment tower to obtain the multi-segment tower load. The optical reflection lens is easy to capture, so that the position of the tower can be accurately obtained, and the accurate reliability of subsequent image processing is ensured; meanwhile, the optical reflection lens is simple and convenient to assemble and disassemble and low in cost.
When the fan is at rest (initial state): at the moment, the tower is in a windless state, the fan is static, and the tower is only under tension and compression stress without shearing force and is in an initial calibration state. When the fan is running (loaded state): at the moment, the fan is in the states of operation power generation, fault shutdown, normal shutdown and the like, and the tower frame is deformed under the action of shearing force and bending moment. The images acquired in the two states of the fan are shown in fig. 2.
In the embodiment, the shear force and bending moment value of the tower are obtained according to the deformation amount of the tower, so that the load of the tower is obtained. As shown in fig. 4, according to the simulation and actual measurement data, the deformation of the tower is generally small, and the tower can be approximately regarded as a hollow cantilever beam with a fixed bottom end; from the measured y-direction deformation amounts y1, y2, y3., the deformation equation y (y) (z) of the tower can be fitted;
approximating differential equations from the deflection line in bending deformation of a beam
Figure BDA0002788872110000051
Can obtain the product
Figure BDA0002788872110000052
Wherein M (z) is a bending moment; EI (z) is flexural rigidity;
because the tower is welded by steel coils, the inertia moment I (z) of the tower is constant between each welding section, namely between each welding section
M(z)＝y″(z)·EI (1)
Obtaining a bending moment M (z) of the tower at a height layer z by the formula (1);
according to the balance differential equation of the beam, the shearing force of the tower can be obtained
Figure BDA0002788872110000053
Simultaneous equations (1) and (2) can obtain the shearing force F (z) and the bending moment M (z) of any section of the tower;
similarly, the shearing force and the bending moment in the x direction can be calculated by the same method.
The tower load obtained by the measuring method can be used for participating in main control, and if the load value is close to or reaches the allowable stress value of the tower, a signal is fed back to the main control to perform early warning, and simultaneously parameters such as the pitch angle, the yaw angle and the like of the fan are adjusted to reduce the tower load; if the tower load value is far away from the allowable stress value, namely the fan is in a safe state, the operation can be continued. After long-time data are accumulated, if the load allowance of the tower is large, the design of the tower is conservative, optimization design can be performed, and reference is provided for subsequent tower design. In addition, the acquired tower load value can be compared with a simulation result to check whether the tower design is optimal or not, so that the weight of the tower can be effectively controlled, the material cost is saved, and the unit cost is reduced.
The invention also discloses a tower load measuring device, which comprises an optical reflection lens, an image acquisition unit, an image processing unit and an information processing unit; the number of the optical reflection lenses is multiple, and the optical reflection lenses are distributed on each height layer of each tower; the image acquisition unit is positioned at the bottom of the tower and used for acquiring the image information of the optical reflection lens on the tower; the image processing unit is used for carrying out image processing on the image information to obtain the deformation quantity of the tower; and the information processing unit is used for obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
In this embodiment, the image capturing unit is a camera with a built-in flash that acts as a light source in the event of insufficient light. Specifically, the camera shoots the position of the optical reflection lens, and the position of the optical reflection lens in the static state of the fan is recorded as a standard position; when the fan runs, the position change condition of the optical reflection lens is shot and recorded. The image processing unit processes the position change of the shot optical reflector into a digital signal according to the scale mark of the built-in lens of the camera, namely the deformation change of the tower; and then the information processing unit calculates the shearing force and bending moment value of the tower according to the deformation of the tower and the existing model parameters of the tower, so as to obtain the load value under the tower coordinate system, and records and stores the load value.
The invention can measure and record the load change condition of the tower in the running process of the fan in real time by shooting the position change of the optical reflection lens and processing, has the advantages of simple and convenient installation, low cost and the like, and can be applied to a tower load monitoring system in batches.
The invention further discloses a tower load measuring system, comprising:
the first module is used for acquiring the deformation quantity of the tower;
and the second module is used for obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
The tower load measuring system of the present invention, for performing the measuring method as described above, also has the advantages as described above for the method.
The invention also discloses a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, performs the steps of the tower load measuring method as described above. The invention further discloses a computer arrangement comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by the processor, performs the steps of the tower load measuring method as described above. All or part of the flow of the method of the embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and executed by a processor, to implement the steps of the embodiments of the methods. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U.S. disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution media, and the like. The memory may be used to store computer programs and/or modules, and the processor may perform various functions by executing or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the memory, as well as by invoking data stored in the memory. The memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tower load measurement method, comprising the steps of:
1) acquiring the deformation quantity of the tower;
2) and obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
2. A tower load measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the deformation amount of the tower is obtained from the image information by acquiring the image information of the tower.
3. The tower load measuring method according to claim 2, wherein in step 1), by installing a plurality of optical reflection lenses in the circumferential direction of each height layer of the tower, the central position of the optical reflection lenses of each height layer of the tower is collected to be located on the central axis z of the tower when the fan is at rest; when the fan runs, under the action of external force, the tower frame is subjected to the action of shearing force and bending moment to generate certain deformation, the central positions of the optical reflection lenses of all height layers of the tower frame are collected, and the deformation amounts of the different height layers of the tower frame in the y direction or/and the x direction are measured.
4. A tower load measuring method according to claim 3, wherein in step 2), the tower load is obtained by obtaining values of the shearing force and the bending moment of the tower according to the deformation amount of the tower.
5. The tower load measuring method according to claim 4, wherein the specific process of obtaining the shear force and bending moment values of the tower in the y direction according to the deformation amount of the tower is as follows:
from the measured y-direction deformation amounts y1, y2, y3., the deformation equation y (y) (z) of the tower can be fitted;
approximating differential equations from the deflection line in bending deformation of a beam
Figure FDA0002788872100000011
Can obtain the product
Figure FDA0002788872100000012
Wherein M (z) is a bending moment; EI (z) is flexural rigidity;
the moment of inertia I (z) of the tower is constant for each welding section, i.e. between each welding section
M(z)＝y″(z)·EI (1)
Obtaining the bending moment M (z) of the tower at the height layer z by the formula (1);
according to the balance differential equation of the beam, the shearing force of the tower can be obtained
Figure FDA0002788872100000013
Simultaneous equations (1) and (2) can obtain the shearing force F (z) and the bending moment M (z) of any section of the tower;
and similarly, obtaining the shearing force and bending moment values of the tower frame in the x direction.
6. A tower load measuring device is characterized by comprising an optical reflection lens, an image acquisition unit, an image processing unit and an information processing unit; the optical reflection lenses are distributed on each height layer of the tower; the image acquisition unit is positioned at the bottom of the tower and used for acquiring image information of the optical reflection lens on the tower; the image processing unit is used for carrying out image processing on the image information to obtain the deformation quantity of the tower; and the information processing unit is used for obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
7. The tower load measuring device of claim 6, wherein the image acquisition unit is a camera.
8. A tower load measurement system, comprising:
the first module is used for acquiring the deformation quantity of the tower;
and the second module is used for obtaining the tower load according to the deformation quantity of the tower.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the steps of a tower load measuring method according to any of the claims 1-5.
10. A computer arrangement comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by the processor, is adapted to perform the steps of the tower load measuring method according to any of the claims 1-5.
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Cited By (1)

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CN117113784A (en) * 2023-10-18 2023-11-24 中国铁塔股份有限公司 Method and equipment for acquiring bearing state information of single-pipe tower

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