CN114516975A

CN114516975A - Controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114516975A
Application number: CN202210090843.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 温剑
Original assignee: Fujian Dafang New Material Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Fujian Dafang New Material Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-01-26
Filing date: 2022-01-26
Publication date: 2022-05-20

Abstract

The invention discloses a controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge and a preparation method thereof. The planting sponge is prepared by the following process: taking 100 parts of polyurethane foam plastic particles, adding 1-100 parts of organic fertilizer and 0.01-100 parts of water-absorbing resin, uniformly mixing, adding 10-100 parts of pre-foaming component and 3-100 parts of water, uniformly stirring, pouring into a mould, carrying out foaming reaction at 10-200 ℃ for 1-600 minutes, and demoulding to obtain the planting sponge. The technical scheme can replace the traditional soil, peat soil and the like as planting substrates of plants such as flowers, vegetables and the like, solves the defects that mosquitoes are easy to breed and flying dust is generated when the soil and peat soil are used as the planting substrates of the plants, and has obvious effect on relieving epidemic diseases such as dengue fever and the like caused by the mosquitoes after large-scale application.

Description

Controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of non-soil culture and planting, in particular to a full-air-permeable planting sponge with controllable biodegradation and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The polyurethane material is a high molecular polymer with excellent performance, and can be prepared into sponge, elastomer, adhesive, coating, paint and the like, wherein the water-absorbing polyurethane sponge can be used as a flower arrangement article and is a special material for fixing and supporting flowers. In addition, the water-absorbing sponge can replace soil for planting flowers, so that the flowers can be conveniently planted indoors, insect and ant breeding is avoided, scraps cannot fall, and the flower planting machine is more environment-friendly and sanitary. CN202907514U discloses a preparation method of an organic water-absorbing planting sponge, which is to mix organic fertilizer and water-based P U glue, pour the mixture into a mold, and obtain the sponge which can be used for planting plants through foaming and molding by a foaming machine. CN103524201A discloses a vegetation restoration composite material, which is prepared by mixing polyol, triethanolamine, silicone oil, water, organotin and isocyanate uniformly for primary foaming, then adding slow release fertilizer and water absorbent resin for uniform mixing, pouring into a steel mold for heating and curing for 2 hours, and stirring the obtained product into powder by using an electric stirrer to obtain a finished product. CN1948395A discloses a multifunctional polymer composite material of water-retaining fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which is to mix a polymer water absorbent, a polymer slow-release fertilizer, an inorganic phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and the like with polyol, a catalyst, silicone oil, water and the like uniformly, pour the mixture into a mould for foaming, and prepare a polyurethane foaming material which has the functions of water absorption, water retention and fertilizer slow release. The foams are all prepared by foaming polyether polyol, and have poor degradation performance. The inventor uses polypropylene carbonate or polyethylene carbonate polyol and isocyanate to foam to prepare biodegradable polycarbonate type polyurethane foam, see CN 1400229A.

However, the polyurethane foam plastics prepared by the above patents contain a certain amount of closed cell structures, the foam permeability is poor, carbon dioxide can be released from plant roots in the plant growth process, the carbon dioxide can be absorbed by the closed cell structures, the local acid value is too high, the root rot phenomenon of plants is caused, particularly, the root rot phenomenon is obvious when the plants are transplanted, the plant survival rate is very low, and the practical application of the polyurethane foam as a plant planting substrate is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge and a preparation method thereof, the technical scheme can replace the traditional soil, peat soil and the like as planting substrates of plants such as flowers, vegetables and the like, the defects that mosquitoes are easy to breed and flying dust is generated when the soil and peat soil are used as the planting substrates of the plants are overcome, and the controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge has obvious effect on relieving epidemic diseases caused by the mosquitoes such as dengue fever and the like after large-scale application.

In a first aspect, the preparation method of the controllable biodegradable full-breathable implant sponge provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared according to the following process according to the following mass ratio,

taking 100 parts of polyurethane foam plastic particles, adding 1-100 parts of organic fertilizer and 0.01-100 parts of water-absorbing resin, uniformly mixing, adding 10-100 parts of pre-foaming component and 3-100 parts of water, uniformly stirring, pouring into a mould, carrying out foaming reaction at 10-200 ℃ for 1-600 minutes, and demoulding to obtain the planting sponge.

Optionally, the polyurethane foam particles have a particle size of: 0.1mm-10 mm.

Optionally, the polyurethane foam particles have a particle size of: 1mm-5 mm.

Optionally, the polyurethane foam particles have a density of: 5kg/m3-100kg/m 3.

Optionally, the polyurethane foam particles have a density of: 7kg/m3-50kg/m 3.

Optionally, the organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting, drying and crushing agricultural wastes.

Optionally, the amount of the organic fertilizer is 5-70 parts.

Optionally, the water absorbent resin is: one or a mixture of at least two of starch grafted acrylate, grafted acrylamide, crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide, crosslinked hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide polymer and the like.

Optionally, the water absorbent resin is used in the following amount: 0.1-10 parts.

Optionally, the amount of water is: 5-50 parts.

Optionally, the temperature of the foaming reaction is: 10-200 ℃.

Optionally, the temperature of the foaming reaction is: 50-18 ℃.

Optionally, the foaming reaction time is from 1 to 300 minutes.

Optionally, the foaming reaction time is from 2 to 60 minutes.

Optionally, the foaming agent is prepared by the following components in parts by mass according to the following process: adding 0.1-100 parts of diisocyanate into 100 parts of poly (alkene carbonate) polyol, reacting at 30-100 ℃ for 0.1-10 hours, cooling to room temperature, and adding 1-200 parts of solvent to obtain the product.

Optionally, the poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol is prepared by copolymerizing carbon dioxide and epoxide under the action of a catalyst.

Optionally, the molecular weight of the poly carbonate polyol is 500-.

Alternatively, the molecular weight of the poly carbonate polyol is 1000-4000.

Optionally, the number of intramolecular hydroxyl groups of the poly (carbonate polyol) is between 2 and 6.

Optionally, the number of internal hydroxyl groups of the poly carbonate polyol is between 2 and 4.

Alternatively, the epoxide is: one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide, or a mixture of at least two thereof.

Alternatively, the epoxide is: a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

Optionally, the amount of ethylene oxide is 0.1% to 95% by mass relative to the epoxide.

Optionally, the amount of ethylene oxide is 10% to 50% by mass relative to the epoxide.

Optionally, the mole fraction of carbonate in the poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol is: 0.1-0.5.

Optionally, the mole fraction of carbonate in the poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol is: 0.15-0.35.

Alternatively, the diisocyanate is an organic compound, the diisocyanate containing at least two isocyanate groups.

Optionally, the diisocyanate is any one of aliphatic or aromatic isocyanate, or a mixture of several kinds of aliphatic or aromatic isocyanate.

Optionally, the diisocyanate is any one of toluene diisocyanate, 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, carbodiimide modified, polyisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, or a mixture of several kinds of them.

Optionally, the diisocyanate is used in an amount of 30 to 200 parts.

Optionally, the diisocyanate is used in an amount of 50 to 150 parts.

Optionally, the solvent is: one of dichloromethane, methyl chloride, acetone, petroleum ether, gasoline, pentane, perfluoropentane, perfluoroheptane, hydrofluoro hydrocarbon ether, etc., or a mixture of at least two thereof.

Optionally, the solvent is used in an amount of 50 to 150 parts.

Optionally, the reaction temperature of the blowing agent component is: 40-90 ℃.

Alternatively, the blowing agent component has a reaction time of 0.5 to 6 hours.

In a second aspect, the planting sponge provided by this embodiment is made by the above-mentioned one method.

The controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by uniformly mixing waste polyurethane foam plastic particle components serving as a pore forming agent, a pre-foaming component, an organic fertilizer, a water-absorbent resin, water and the like, and pouring the mixture into a mold for foaming. Wherein the pre-foaming component is prepared by the reaction of the controllable biodegradable poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol and isocyanate. Compared with the traditional sponges for plant planting, the planting sponge has the characteristics of full air permeability, controllable biodegradation and the like, can replace soil, peat soil and the like as planting substrates of plants such as flowers, vegetables and the like, solves the defects that mosquitoes are easy to breed and flying dust are generated when the soil and peat soil are used as the planting substrates of the plants, and has obvious effect on relieving epidemic diseases caused by the mosquitoes such as dengue fever and the like.

Detailed Description

The full-breathable implant sponge can be synthesized according to the following method, but the claims of the invention are not limited by the method, and the preparation methods of the following examples relate to the mass ratio.

The embodiment of the invention provides a controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge and a preparation method thereof. Wherein the pre-foaming component is prepared by the reaction of the controllable biodegradable poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol and isocyanate. Compared with the traditional sponges for plant planting, the planting sponge has the characteristics of full air permeability, controllable biodegradation and the like, can replace soil, peat soil and the like as planting substrates of plants such as flowers, vegetables and the like, solves the defects that mosquitoes are easy to breed and flying dust are generated when the soil and peat soil are used as the planting substrates of the plants, and has obvious effect on relieving epidemic diseases caused by the mosquitoes such as dengue fever and the like.

The polyurethane foam plastics can be industrial leftover materials, and can also be polyurethane foam plastics in waste sofas, automobile cushions, simmons and the like.

The organic fertilizer can be agricultural wastes such as straw, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, wood chips, weeds or swamp mud, and can directly supply nutrient elements necessary for plant growth and development and is rich in organic substances. The organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting, drying and crushing, and the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1-100 parts, preferably 5-70 parts.

Wherein, the water-absorbing resin is a novel functional polymer material, has hydrophilic groups, can absorb a large amount of water, swell and can keep the water not to flow out of the synthetic resin, such as one or a mixture of more of starch grafted acrylate, grafted acrylamide, crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide, crosslinked hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide polymer and the like, and the dosage is 0.01-100 parts, preferably 0.1-10 parts.

The amount of water is 3 to 100 parts, preferably 5 to 50 parts.

The foaming reaction temperature is 10-200 ℃, preferably 50-180 ℃.

The foaming reaction time is 1 to 600 minutes, preferably 2 to 60 minutes.

The prefoaming component is prepared by adding 0.1-100 parts of diisocyanate into 100 parts of poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol, reacting at 30-100 ℃ for 0.1-10h, cooling to room temperature, and adding 1-200 parts of solvent.

The poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol is prepared by copolymerizing carbon dioxide and epoxide under the action of a catalyst, and the molecular weight of the poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol is between 500-5000, preferably 1000-4000, and more preferably 2000-3000. The number of hydroxyl groups in the molecule is 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4. The epoxide is one or a mixture of several of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide, preferably a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, wherein the ethylene oxide accounts for 0.1-95%, preferably 10-50% of the total amount of the epoxide.

The mole fraction of carbonate in the poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably between 0.15 and 0.35.

Wherein the diisocyanate is an organic compound containing at least two isocyanate groups and is any one or a mixture of several of the known aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates, and common such diisocyanates and polymeric isocyanates are: toluene Diisocyanate (English name: Toluene-2, 4-diisocynate; TDI for short), 1, 6-hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI for short), diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI for short), carbodiimide-modified MDI, polyisocyanate (PAPI for short), 1,5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate (1, 5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate for short, 1,5-NDI for short). The diisocyanate is used in an amount of 30 to 200 parts, preferably 50 to 150 parts, per 100 parts of the poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol.

Wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, methyl chloride, dimethyl carbonate, acetone, butanone, benzene, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, gasoline, etc., and the amount of the solvent is 1-200 parts, preferably 50-150 parts.

The reaction temperature for the preparation of the prefoaming component is 30-100 ℃, preferably 40-90 ℃.

The synthesis reaction time of the pre-foaming component is 0.1-10h, preferably 0.5-6h, and more preferably 1-4 h.

The invention can also add a certain amount of other auxiliary agents or fillers according to the specific application requirements, such as inorganic fertilizers, fillers, pesticides and the like.

Particularly, the invention adopts the poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol as a raw material, and controls the degradation speed of the product by adjusting the relative content of ethylene oxide in the poly (alkylene carbonate) polyol, thereby improving the planting effect of plants.

In addition, a large amount of waste polyurethane soft foam particles are added to serve as a cell opening agent, so that the full-breathable polyurethane foam plastic planting sponge is prepared.

The product prepared by the invention can be widely applied to planting of various plants, such as vertical greening, potted vegetables, roof heat preservation greening, river channel treatment, desert greening and the like.

Example 1

1. Preparation of controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge

Taking 100 parts of poly (propylene carbonate) polyol with the molecular weight of 3000, the hydroxyl functionality of 3, the mole fraction of intramolecular carbonate of 0.3 and the relative content of intramolecular ethylene oxide of 15 percent, adding 100 parts of carbodiimide modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI for short), reacting for 2 hours at 80 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and adding 100 parts of dichloromethane to obtain a pre-foaming component.

100 parts of waste sofa cushion sponge with the density of 15kg/m3 are taken, crushed into polyurethane foam plastic particles with the size of 2mm, 0.5 part of crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide is added to be used as water absorption resin, 10 parts of fermented and crushed straw is used as organic fertilizer, 40 parts of pre-foaming component and 10 parts of water are evenly stirred and poured into a mould, the mixture is foamed for 5 minutes at the temperature of 120 ℃, and the mould is released to obtain the required full-breathable controllable biodegradable polyurethane foam plastic.

2. Planting of plants

Washing the detoxified tissue culture seedling of the golden boy synanthus which is cultivated in the plug for 6-9 months, planting the seedling on the prepared polyurethane foam plastic, and placing the seedling on a seedbed of a greenhouse for maintenance; watering is carried out once every 4 days, and the water is thoroughly watered.

The temperature of the greenhouse is 22-26 ℃, the air humidity is 60-65%, and the ventilation is kept.

Example 2

1. Preparation of controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge

Taking 100 parts of poly (propylene carbonate) polyol with the molecular weight of 3000, the hydroxyl functionality of 3, the mole fraction of intramolecular carbonate of 0.25 and the relative content of intramolecular ethylene oxide of 30 percent, adding 80 parts of polyisocyanate (PAPI for short), reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and adding 120 parts of dimethyl carbonate to obtain the pre-foaming component.

100 parts of waste sofa cushion sponge with the density of 15kg/m3 are taken, crushed into particles with the size of 3mm to prepare polyurethane foam plastic particles, 2 parts of crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide is added to be used as stream resin, 15 parts of fermented and crushed straw, 50 parts of pre-foaming component and 15 parts of water are evenly stirred and poured into a mould, the mixture is foamed for 10 minutes at the temperature of 120 ℃, and the mould is released to obtain the required full-breathable controllable biodegradable polyurethane foam plastic.

2. Planting of plants

Example 3

1. Preparation of controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge

Taking 100 parts of poly (propylene carbonate) polyol with the molecular weight of 2500, the hydroxyl functionality of 2, the mole fraction of intramolecular carbonate of 0.20 and the relative content of intramolecular ethylene oxide of 50%, adding 80 parts of polyisocyanate (PAPI for short), reacting at 70 ℃ for 4h, cooling to room temperature, and adding 120 parts of dichloromethane to obtain the pre-foaming component.

100 parts of waste sofa cushion sponge with the density of 18kg/m3 are taken and crushed into polyurethane foam plastic particles with the size of 3mm, 2 parts of crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide, 15 parts of fermented and crushed straw, 60 parts of pre-foaming component and 15 parts of water are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred and poured into a mould, the mixture is foamed for 10 minutes at the temperature of 120 ℃, and the required full-breathable controllable biodegradable polyurethane foam plastic can be obtained after demoulding.

2. Planting of plants

Example 4

1. Preparation of controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge

Taking 100 parts of poly (propylene carbonate) polyol with the molecular weight of 3000, the hydroxyl functionality of 3, the mole fraction of intramolecular carbonate of 0.35 and the relative content of intramolecular ethylene oxide of 10%, adding 80 parts of polyisocyanate (PAPI for short), reacting at 70 ℃ for 4h, cooling to room temperature, and adding 150 parts of dichloromethane to obtain the pre-foaming component.

100 parts of waste sofa cushion sponge with the density of 18kg/m3 are taken, crushed into particles with the size of 3mm, added with 2 parts of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide, 15 parts of fermented and crushed straw, 60 parts of pre-foaming component and 15 parts of water, evenly stirred and poured into a mould, foamed for 10 minutes at 120 ℃, and demoulded to obtain the required full-breathable controllable biodegradable polyurethane foam plastic.

2. Planting of plants

The above-described embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the above-described embodiments should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The method for preparing a controlled biodegradable all-breathable implant sponge according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of said polyurethane foam particles is: 0.1mm-10 mm.

3. The method for preparing a controlled biodegradable all-breathable implant sponge according to claim 2, wherein the particle size of the polyurethane foam particles is: 1mm-5 mm.

4. The method for preparing a controlled biodegradable, fully air permeable implant sponge according to claim 1, wherein said polyurethane foam particles have a density of: 5kg/m3-100kg/m 3.

5. The method for preparing a controlled biodegradable all-breathable implant sponge according to claim 4, wherein the density of said polyurethane foam particles is: 7kg/m3-50kg/m 3.

6. The method for preparing the controllable biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting, drying and crushing agricultural wastes.

7. The method for preparing the controlled biodegradable full-breathable planting sponge according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 5-70 parts.

8. The method for preparing the controllable biodegradable full-breathable implant sponge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-absorbent resin is: one or a mixture of at least two of starch grafted acrylate, grafted acrylamide, crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide, crosslinked hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted acrylamide polymer and the like.

9. The method for preparing the controllable biodegradable full-breathable implant sponge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-absorbent resin is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-10 parts.

10. The method for preparing a controlled biodegradable, fully breathable implant sponge according to claim 9, wherein said water is present in an amount of: 5-50 parts.