CN114516307A - 包括由碳材料制成的功能层的装饰元件 - Google Patents
包括由碳材料制成的功能层的装饰元件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114516307A CN114516307A CN202111399846.3A CN202111399846A CN114516307A CN 114516307 A CN114516307 A CN 114516307A CN 202111399846 A CN202111399846 A CN 202111399846A CN 114516307 A CN114516307 A CN 114516307A
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Abstract
一种装饰元件(1)包括具有内面部(8)和外面部(10)的至少一个支撑层(2)以及由碳材料制成的延伸跨过支撑层(2)的内面部(8)的至少一部分和/或外面部(10)的至少一部分的至少一个功能层(6)。功能层(6)的一部分限定了图案(18),其包括碳材料的至少一个导电区域(20)以及由功能层(6)中的通孔形成的至少一个非导电区域(22),导电区域(20)通过与导电区域(20)电连接的电源供电,图案(18)形成了被设置为用于执行某种功能的电路的至少一部分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种装饰元件,其包括具有内面部和外面部的至少一个支撑层以及延伸跨过支撑层的内面部的至少一部分和/或外面部的至少一部分的碳材料的至少一个功能层。
本发明还涉及一种制造这种装饰元件的方法。
背景技术
例如,本发明应用于形成门板、中控台盖板、车辆仪表板盖板等等的装饰元件。
在这种装饰元件中,期望将用于车辆乘员的某些功能整合到装饰元件的外表面上。例如,装饰元件可包括用于实现要进行控制的特定的车辆功能的触控表面、用于检测与外表面的接触感测表面等等。
诸如印刷电路板的用于执行这些功能的功能元件例如在装饰层下方被整合到装饰元件中,使得它们不能从车辆内部看到。例如,电路在将装饰层施加于支撑层之前被胶粘至支撑层。然而,尤其是在设置有多个功能表面的情况下,这种工序是费时的并且可能是复杂的,在这种情况下必须将多个功能元件附接到支撑层的不同位置处。另外,如果(多个)功能元件在支撑层上和/或相对于装饰层被不正确地定位,则会由于功能表面不能与设置在装饰元件的外表面上的用于表示它们的存在和/或它们的驱动区域的标记完全相对地延伸而降低装饰元件的质量。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是通过提供一种能够以简单、可靠的方式制造的包括一个或多个功能表面的装饰元件来克服这些缺点。
为此目的,本发明涉及一种上述类型的装饰元件,其中所述功能层的至少一部分限定了包括碳材料的至少一个导电区域以及由延伸穿过功能层的开口形成的至少一个非导电区域的至少一个图案,所述导电区域通过与导电区域电连接的电源来供电,图案形成了用于在装饰元件的外表面上执行与车辆乘员交互的功能的电路的至少一部分。
通过在碳材料制成的功能层中形成图案,可以通过简单、可靠的方式在支撑层上的特定位置处限定功能电路。另外,在设置有多个功能电路的情况下,它们可以全部被实现在(多个)功能层中,由此减少了实现装饰元件所涉及的操作并且简化了不同的功能电路在支撑层上的相对定位。
基于单独地或通过任何技术上可行的组合考虑的根据本发明的装饰元件的其他的特征:
-装饰元件包括装饰层,其与支撑层的外面部相对地延伸并且形成了装饰元件的外表面;
-装饰元件的外表面由支撑层和/或功能层形成;
-装饰元件包括延伸跨过支撑层的外面部的至少一部分的外功能层以及延伸跨过支撑层的内面部的至少一部分的内功能层,外功能层和内功能层的所述图案形成了电容电路,从而在装饰元件的外表面的至少一部分上形成触控表面;
-功能层的图案形成了柔性电阻电路,从而在装饰元件的外表面的至少一部分上形成压力传感器;
-装饰元件包括外功能层和内功能层,外功能层通过支撑层或柔性层与内功能层分隔开,外功能层和内功能层的图案形成了电容电路,其电容根据外功能层与内功能层之间的距离而变化,所述距离在压力施加在装饰元件的外表面上时通过支撑层或柔性层的可逆压缩来改变;
-支撑层由在聚丙烯基体中包括天然纤维的复合材料制成;
-图案被形成于在支撑层的外面部上延伸的功能层中,所述图案形成了电路的功能部分,所述电路包括在支撑层的内面部上延伸的供电部分,所述供电部分通过支撑层电连接至电源和电路的功能部分;
-供电部分通过伸入到支撑层中的至少一个连接元件电连接至功能部分,所述连接元件由伸入到形成在支撑层中的通孔中的导电材料形成;
-功能层形成了位于图案外部的接地区域,其被设置为保护由图案形成的电路和/或装饰元件的其他电路免受静电放电影响;并且
-功能层由薄膜形成,该薄膜接合或层压到支撑层的内面部的至少一部分和/或外面部的至少一部分上。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及一种如上所述的装饰元件的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:
-设置支撑层;
-将碳材料层施加到支撑层的外面部的至少一部分和/或内面部的至少一部分上;
-通过碳材料层的整个厚度对其进行切割,从而形成包括碳材料的至少一个导电区域以及由碳材料层中的通孔形成的至少一个非导电区域的图案,从而获得电路;
-将加强层图案的导电区域电连接至电源。
根据本发明的方法还可包括单独地或通过任何技术上可行的组合考虑的以下特征:
-碳材料层经由激光蚀刻、化学蚀刻、铣削或机械钻削通过碳材料切割而成;
-碳材料层中的图案在将碳材料层施加到支撑层上之前和/或之后制成。
附图说明
通过阅读作为例子给出并且参照附图的以下说明,本发明的其他方面和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的功能元件的一部分的示意性剖视图;
图2是根据本发明的另一个实施方式的功能元件的一部分的示意性剖视图;
图3是根据本发明的另一个实施方式的功能元件的一部分的示意性剖视图;
图4是在装饰元件的制造方法中的步骤期间的功能元件的一部分的示意性剖视图;
图5是在装饰元件的制造方法中的另一个步骤期间的功能元件的一部分的示意性剖视图;
图6是在装饰元件的制造方法中的另一个步骤期间的功能元件的一部分的示意性剖视图;
图7是在根据本发明的装饰元件的功能层中制成的用于形成力传感器的图案的另一个例子的示意图;
图8是在根据本发明的装饰元件的功能层中制成的用于形成触控表面的图案的另一个例子的示意图;
图9是在根据本发明的装饰元件的功能层中制成的用于形成电容电路的一部分的图案的另一个例子的示意图;
图10是在根据本发明的装饰元件的功能层中制成的用于形成电容电路的另一个部分的图案的另一个例子的示意图;
图11是由图9和10的图案形成的电容电路的示意图;
图12是在根据本发明的装饰元件的功能层中制成的用于在装饰元件的外表面上执行多种功能的多个图案的示意图;
图13是在功能层中形成用于形成接近传感器的电容电路的图案的操作的示意性剖视图;
图14是一个实施方式中的包括压力传感器的装饰元件的示意性剖视图;并且
图15是另一个实施方式中的包括压力传感器的装饰元件的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1-3,描述了包括至少一个支撑层2、装饰层4和功能层6的车辆装饰元件1。例如,这种装饰元件用于形成门板、仪表板或中控台盖板等等。
支撑层2被设置为向装饰元件1赋予其形状和机械特性、特别是其刚度。支撑层2因此例如由用于门板的基本上刚性的材料制成,诸如塑料或复合材料。在一个实施方式中,支撑层2由在聚丙烯基体中包括天然纤维的复合材料制成,也被称为“天然纤维聚丙烯(Natural Fibre PolyPropylene)”的简称NFPP。例如,从亚麻、大麻、红麻和/或木中选择天然纤维。例如,通过在具有支撑层2的所需形状的压制工具中进行热压来形成支撑层2,该形状对应于装饰元件1的形状。因此,支撑层2例如具有包括凸起区域的三维形状。举例来说,支撑层2例如可包括从支撑层2的其余部分突出的区域,以形成扶手。
替代地,支撑层2通过将诸如聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(PC ABS)等的塑料材料入射到所需形状的成型腔中而制成。根据另一个实施方式,支撑层2通过增材制造为所需形状而获得。支撑层2包括用于在安装有装饰元件的车辆部分(例如在门板的情况下的车门)的面部上延伸的内面部8以及与内面部8相对的用于面向车辆内部的外面部10。
装饰层4在支撑层2的外面部10上延伸跨过其至少一部分。装饰层4被设置为将其外观和触感赋予装饰元件1。装饰层4因此例如由具有需要赋予装饰元件1的特定的外观和/或触感的柔性或刚性的材料制成。例如,装饰层4由纺织材料、塑料材料、木质材料、皮革或人造革等等制成。装饰层4的外形针对支撑层2的外面部10来设计,即,其基本上符合其所覆盖的支撑层2的区域中的外面部10的形状。在一个实施方式中,装饰层4覆盖整个支撑层2。
装饰层4包括与支撑层2的外面部10相对地延伸的内面部12以及从装饰元件1向外延伸并且形成装饰元件1的外表面、即形成装饰元件1的可从车辆内部看到的部分的外面部14。如将在下文描述的那样,外面部14例如可包括向用户表示功能区域的存在的装饰图案或标记。替代地或额外地,装饰层4可以至少在一些区域中是半透明的,以允许光从内表面12到达外面部14,从而例如允许这些区域从背后照亮来通知用户功能区域的存在。
在一个实施方式中,装饰层4被直接固定至支撑层2(图3和6),在这种情况下,例如黏胶、粘合剂、热激活聚丙烯薄膜的接合层16在支撑层2的外面部10与装饰层4的内面部12之间延伸。替代地,功能层6插在支撑层2与装饰层4之间,在这种情况下,接合层16在功能层6与装饰层4的内面部之间延伸(图1和2)。应理解,装饰层4可通过其他适当的方式被附接至支撑层2或功能层6。例如可以通过螺钉连接、二次成型、焊接或使接合层发泡、特别是基于用来制成支撑层2和/或装饰层4的材料来实现这种附接。
根据一个实施方式,装饰元件1不具有装饰层4并且装饰元件的外表面14由支撑层2的外面部和/或延伸跨过支撑层2的功能层6来形成。
功能层6是由碳材料制成的层并且包括使功能层能够向装饰元件1赋予特定的功能的至少一个图案18,这将在下文描述。例如,该材料可以是不进行上浆的碳纤维和/或回收利用的碳纤维的形式。不进行上浆改进了图案18的电气特性。图案18因此在对装饰元件进行三维成形之后具有提高的导电率和电接触连续性,这将在下文描述。例如,功能层6具有20μm与200μm之间的厚度。另外,碳层还可包括例如按重量计占功能层组分的40%以下的聚丙烯。
在一个实施方式中,功能层6被设置为形成用于支撑层2的加强层。这种加强层特别是在刚度和自支撑方面、尤其是在支撑层2由复合材料制成时改进了装饰元件的机械特性。在一个实施方式中,功能层6由接合或层压到支撑层2上的薄膜形成。在这种情况下,功能层无需形成支撑层2的加强层。
功能层6基于要执行的功能而延伸跨过支撑层2的内面部8的至少一部分或外面部10的至少一部分,这将在下文描述。在加强层的例子中,功能层6特别是被施加于支撑层2的需要进行加强的区域。根据一个实施方式,功能层6延伸跨过支撑层的内面部8或外面部10的整个表面。在一个实施方式中,功能层6被直接施加于支撑层2,即,在支撑层2与功能层6之间不存在中间层。功能层6的外形针对其所覆盖的支撑层2的面部的部分来设计,即,加强层6符合支撑层2的面部的该部分的形状。
图案18包括由功能层6的碳材料形成的至少一个导电区域20以及由功能层6中的通孔形成的至少一个非导电区域22。导电区域20和非导电区域22的形状(它们的例子在图7-12中示出)被设置为形成在向导电区域20提供电力时执行特定功能的功能电路的至少一部分。换句话说,图案18使得功能层6限定至少一个电路,以用于在向该电路供电时执行所需功能。根据所需的功能,可以设置多个分离的导电区域20和非导电区域22。总的来说,图案18包括环绕(多个)导电区域20的非导电区域22,以将电路与功能层6的剩余部分隔离开。
通过(多个)电路执行的功能是在装饰元件的外表面14上与车辆乘员交互的功能。换句话说,所执行的功能形成了车辆的人机界面的一部分,其中车辆乘员能够与装饰元件的外表面14进行交互,从而启动、控制和/或影响图案18形成的电路所执行的功能。
根据图1所示的实施方式,图案18被设置为在支撑层2的外面部10上、在所述层与装饰层4之间形成电路,例如将在下文中描述的电阻电路。
在图2和14所示的实施方式中,图案18被设置为与在支撑元件2的相对的面部上延伸的另一个图案一起形成电容电路。在这种情况下,装饰元件包括第二功能层6,其图案18与第一功能层6的图案18一起形成电容电路。特别地,装饰元件1包括延伸跨过支撑层2的内面部8的至少一部分的内功能层26以及延伸跨过支撑层2的外面部10的至少一部分的外功能层28,内功能层26的图案18和外功能层28的图案18彼此相对地延伸。图案18的形状被设置为使得电容电路在对图案通电时产生朝向装饰元件1的外表面14的电容场。因此,内功能层26和外功能层28的图案18在装饰元件的外表面14上形成了与外功能层28的图案18相对的触控表面。这种触摸表面可用于在用户对触摸表面进行触摸时控制特定车辆功能的操作(例如在门板的情况下的窗玻璃的操作)或者进行其他的设置。应理解,当在支撑层2的相对的面部上设置两个功能层6时,它们无需具有相同的尺寸。特别地,两个功能层中的一个的尺寸可以受到与形成在另一个功能层中的图案18相对地形成图案18的确切要求的限制。
根据图14的实施方式,支撑层2是柔性的并且能够在例如如图14所示那样通过手指在装饰元件1的外表面上施加压力时被压缩。这种压缩是可逆的,即,支撑层2可在撤走压力时弹性形变。在这个实施方式中,内功能层26和外功能层28上的图案18形成了电容电路27,其电容根据外功能层28与内功能层26之间的距离而变化。因此,通过在图案18的区域中压缩支撑层2,可以使图案彼此靠近,从而改变电容电路27的电容并且能够在装饰元件中形成力传感器。用于施加压力的力可通过对电容电路27的电容进行测量来确定,该电容随着图案之间的距离减小、即随着施加在外表面14上的力增大而增大。
替代地,可通过延伸跨过支撑层2的外面部10并且通过柔性层29分隔开的两个功能层6来形成力传感器,如图15所示。在这种情况下,柔性层29可弹性形变,从而允许使两个功能层6的图案18在将压力施加于装饰元件的外表面14时彼此靠近,以改变形成在两个功能层6之间的电容电路27的电容。柔性层29例如是泡沫层和/或粘合材料层。柔性层29使两个功能层6电绝缘。
用于形成多点触摸电容电路的图案18的形状的例子在图9-11中示出。在图9中,示出了形成在外功能层28中的图案18。该图案18包括通过成横排的非导电区域22分隔开的多个基本平行的成横排的导电区域20。每个导电区域20都由串联连接并且连接至端子24的连续的垫30形成。在图10中,示出了形成在内功能层26中的图案18。该图案18包括通过成竖列的非导电区域22分隔开的多个基本平行的成竖列的导电区域20。每个导电区域20都由串联连接并且连接至端子24的连续的垫32形成。图11示出了由图9和10中的图案18形成的电容电路。内功能层26的图案18设置在支撑层2的内面部8上,使得垫32与设置在支撑层2的外面部10上的外层28的图案18的非导电区域22的通孔相对地延伸。该电容电路因此具有棋盘形状,其中一种颜色的单元在支撑层2的一个面部上延伸并且另一种颜色的单元在支撑层2的另一个面部上延伸。
替代地,根据图8所示的示例性图案18,可以使形成在支撑层2的单一面部上的电容电路在装饰元件的外表面14上形成所谓的“触摸滑块”。例如,这种图案18仅延伸跨过支撑层2的外面部10。其包括一排导电区域20,它们各自连接至端子24并且具有箭头形状。导电区域20通过也具有箭头形状并且对导电区域20进行界定的非导电区域22分隔开。这种触控表面例如通过使手指沿着箭头滑动来使用,从而例如改变通过用户控制的参数值,例如温度、音量、通风率、窗户开度等等。
在图12中,示出了在装饰元件的外表面14周围形成接近传感器的图案18。这种图案18包括由通过非导电区域22分隔开的分离的轨道形成的多个导电区域20。轨道各自在它们的端部处连接至连接器25,以形成连接端子24。这种接近传感器可以检测是否在装饰元件1的外表面14周围的区域中存在乘员的身体部位(例如手或手指),从而检测身体的该部位在检测区域中的运动。根据图12的实施方式,图案18环绕中央区域27,该中央区域可用于形成执行不同的功能(例如上述的功能)的另一个电路和/或接收能够在装饰元件1的外表面14上显示信息的显示设备或者保持原状。图案18被可连接至连接器25从而将电路接地的加强层6的剩余部分环绕,这将在下文描述。如图13所示,当用户在接近传感器附近将手指移动至装饰元件1的外表面14时,形成该传感器的电容电路的电容增大并且可以通过测量该电容来确定是否在检测区域中存在手指以及手指到装饰元件的外表面14的距离。
在图3所示的实施方式中,图案18被设置为形成柔性电阻电路。在这种情况下,功能层6延伸跨过支撑层2的内面部8。柔性指的是该电阻电路能够在向装饰元件的外表面14施加压力时发生形变,这种形变改变了电路的特征值,从而允许对外表面14上的压力进行检测。因此,图案18在装饰元件的外表面14的面对图案18的部分上形成了压力传感器。例如,这种传感器可用于例如通过形成开关或连续力传感器来控制特定的车辆功能的操作。在需要时,装饰层4被直接施加于支撑层2的外面部10。在图7中示出了用于形成这种测压元件或测力计的图案18的一种形式。图案18包括在两个端子24之间延伸的导电区域20,其为跟随特定路径的条带的形式。条带的边界通过非导电区域22限定。替代地,图案例如根据这种电路控制的设备来执行打开/关闭开关或按钮或力比例传感器的功能。
应理解,每个面部上的单一的功能层6或两个功能层可在不同的区域中包括多个图案18,从而在装饰元件1的外表面14的对应的不同的区域上执行不同的功能。因此,例如,在第一区域中将形成电阻加热电路的图案18设置在支撑层2的外面部10上,并且在第二区域中将形成压力传感器的另一个电路18设置在支撑层2的内面部8上,例如,该压力传感器能够控制加热表面。替代地,例如,设置有形成分离的电路的多个分离的图案。在一些情况下,根据支撑层2的一个面部上的功能层的特定定位来描述功能。然而,应理解,可以通过将功能层6放置在支撑层2的另一个面部上来实现相同的功能。
所述的或每个图案18通过电连接至图案18的(多个)导电区域20、例如连接至图案18的每个端子24的至少一个电源(没有示出)来供电。该电源例如通过直接连接的电缆34(图2和3)或通过用于图案18的导电区域20的电连接器36(图1)而连接至导电区域20。当图案18延伸跨过支撑层2的外面部10时,电缆34例如延伸穿过支撑层2中的通孔38,图案18的导电区域20例如延伸跨过或围绕通孔38的一部分。在设置有连接器36的情况下,其例如伸入到从支撑层2的内面部8到外面部10的通孔38中,如图1所示。电缆34随后在支撑层2的内面部8上连接至电连接器36并且电连接器36在支撑层2的外面部10上连接至导电区域20。电缆34例如连接至车辆的电气系统,该电气系统因此形成电源。在将功能层6设置在支撑层2的每一侧上的情况下,每个功能层6都通过一个或多个电源来供电。
替代地,未示出的是,图案18在支撑层2的一个面部上、例如在外面部10上形成电路的功能部分。该电路随后因此包括延伸跨过支撑层2的另一个面部、例如内面部8的供电部分。功能部分具有如上所述那样使电路执行所需功能的所需形状,并且供电部分包括与电源电连接的电路的连接端子24。供电部分通过伸入到支撑层2中的至少一个连接元件而电连接至功能部分。例如,连接元件由对电路的供电部分与功能部分之间的支撑层2的通孔进行填充的导电材料形成。供电部分可以由在支撑层2的另一个面部上延伸的伸入到功能层6中的图案形成。替代地,在仅设置有一个功能层6的情况下,仅有形成供电部分的轨道可以在支撑层2的另一个面部上通过碳材料形成。这个实施方式可以在电路主要在支撑层2的一个面部上延伸而电源设置在支撑层2的另一个面部上时帮助将电路连接至电源。
如上所述,功能层6可以形成位于形成在功能层6的(多个)图案18外部的接地区域。这种接地区域帮助保护(多个)电路免受可能损坏(多个)电路的静电放电的影响。为此目的,接地区域例如在连接器处电连接至(多个)电路,如图12所示。替代地或额外地,功能层6允许使装饰元件1的与形成在功能层6中的(多个)电路分离开的一个或多个电路接地。因此,设置在印刷电路板上的(多个)电路可通过将该印刷电路板的接地输出部与功能层6的接地区域连接而受到静电放电保护。
根据一个特定的实施方式,装饰元件可包括延伸跨过装饰层4或支撑层和/或功能层6的透明或半透明覆层,可通过该覆层看到装饰层4或支撑层和/或功能层6。例如,这种覆层是例如基于聚丙烯的清漆或半透明薄膜,其保护装饰层4或支撑层2和/或功能层,并且特别是避免(多个)图案18损坏。
上述的装饰元件允许通过将用于执行一种或多种功能的(多个)电路整合到支撑层2的功能层6中而以简单、可靠且低成本的方式将这些功能整合到装饰元件的表面中。
现在将参照图4-6描述根据上述的实施方式的装饰元件的制造方法。
首先,设置支撑层2,其上设置有碳材料层40。碳材料层40如上所述那样根据所需功能而设置支撑层2的内面部8或外面部10的整体或一部分上。在一个实施方式中,一个碳材料层40设置在支撑层2的内面部8上并且另一个设置在外面部10上。在图4中,碳材料层40延伸跨过支撑层2的内面部8,从而形成参照图3和7描述的压力传感器。碳材料层40例如经由针刺工艺织造碳纤维和聚丙烯纤维毡垫来设置并且将其施加于支撑层2。在一个实施方式中,碳材料层40被设置为形成用于支撑层2的加强层。
如图5所示,随后在碳材料层40中形成图案18。为此目的,在碳材料层40中形成从一个面部到另一个的至少一个通孔,以形成非导电区域22。词语“从一个面部到另一个”表示碳材料层40通过其整个厚度进行切割。碳材料层40中的(多个)通孔的形状限定了图案18及其(多个)导电区域20的形状。根据图5所示的实施方式,碳材料层40通过激光辐射42掏空,从而十分精确地限定图案18的形状。替代地,碳材料层40通过蚀刻、铣削或机械钻削而从碳材料中切出。如上所述,可以在功能层6中设置多个图案18。
应理解,也可在将(多个)碳材料层40施加于支撑层2之前形成(多个)图案18。
在需要时,随后例如通过胶粘将装饰层4固定至支撑层2和/或功能层6,如图6所示。
在需要时,将透明或半透明覆层施加于装饰层4或支撑层2和/或功能层6。
随后例如在将装饰元件1安装在车辆上时将(多个)导电区域20连接至一个或多个电源。当设置有电连接器36时,例如,其被插入到先前形成在支撑层2中的通孔38中。
可以提供支撑层2的三维成形步骤来赋予装饰元件所需的形状。该步骤可以在组装装饰层4和/或施加覆层之前或之后执行。
该方法因此特别简单并且实施成本低。另外,可以精确地定位(多个)图案18。
Claims (14)
1.一种车辆的装饰元件(1),其包括具有内面部(8)和外面部(10)的至少一个支撑层(2)以及由碳材料制成的延伸跨过所述支撑层(2)的所述内面部(8)的至少一部分和/或所述外面部(10)的至少一部分的至少一个功能层(6),其特征在于,所述功能层(6)的至少一部分限定了至少一个图案(18),其包括碳材料的至少一个导电区域(20)以及由所述功能层(6)中的通孔形成的至少一个非导电区域(22),所述导电区域(20)通过与所述导电区域(20)电连接的电源供电,所述图案(18)形成了被设置为用于在所述装饰元件(1)的外表面(14)上执行与车辆乘员交互的功能的电路的至少一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装饰元件(1),其还包括装饰层(4),其与所述支撑层(2)的所述外面部(10)相对地延伸并且形成了所述装饰元件的所述外表面(14)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装饰元件(1),其中,所述装饰元件的所述外表面(14)由所述支撑层(2)和/或所述功能层(6)形成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰元件(1),其包括延伸跨过所述支撑层(2)的所述外面部(10)的至少一部分的外功能层(6,28)以及延伸跨过所述支撑层(2)的所述内面部(8)的至少一部分的内功能层(6,26),所述外功能层(6,28)和所述内功能层(6,26)的所述图案(18)形成了电容电路,从而在所述装饰元件的所述外表面的至少一部分上形成触控表面。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰元件(1),其中,所述功能层(6)的所述图案(18)形成了柔性电阻电路,从而在所述装饰元件的所述外表面的至少一部分上形成压力传感器。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰元件(1),其包括外功能层(6,28)和内功能层(6,26),所述外功能层(28)通过所述支撑层(2)或柔性层(29)与所述内功能层(26)分隔开,所述外功能层(28)和所述内功能层(26)的所述图案(18)形成了电容电路(27),其电容根据所述外功能层(28)与所述内功能层(26)之间的距离而变化,所述距离在压力施加在所述装饰元件的所述外表面(14)上时通过所述支撑层(2)或所述柔性层(29)的可逆压缩来改变。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰元件(1),其中,所述支撑层(2)由在聚丙烯基体中包括天然纤维的复合材料制成。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰元件(1),其中,所述图案(18)被形成于在所述支撑层(2)的所述外面部(10)上延伸的功能层(6)中,所述图案形成了电路的功能部分,所述电路包括在所述支撑层(2)的所述内面部(8)上延伸的供电部分,所述供电部分通过所述支撑层(2)电连接至所述电源和所述电路的所述功能部分。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装饰元件(1),其中,所述供电部分通过伸入到所述支撑层(2)中的至少一个连接元件电连接至所述功能部分,所述连接元件由伸入到形成在所述支撑层(2)中的通孔中的导电材料形成。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰元件(1),其中,所述功能层(6)形成了位于所述图案(18)外部的接地区域,其被设置为保护由所述图案(18)形成的所述电路和/或所述装饰元件的其他电路免受静电放电影响。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的装饰元件(1),其中,所述功能层(6)由薄膜形成,所述薄膜接合或层压到所述支撑层(2)的所述内面部(8)的至少一部分和/或所述外面部(10)的至少一部分上。
12.一种根据权利要求1或2的装饰元件的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:
-设置支撑层(2);
-将碳材料层(40)施加到所述支撑层(2)的所述外面部(10)的至少一部分和/或所述内面部(8)的至少一部分上;
-通过所述碳材料层(40)的整个厚度对其进行切割,从而形成包括碳材料的至少一个导电区域(20)以及由所述碳材料层中的通孔形成的至少一个非导电区域(22)的图案(18),从而获得电路;
-将所述功能层(6)的所述图案(18)的所述导电区域(20)电连接至电源。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制造方法,其中,所述碳材料层(40)经由激光蚀刻、化学蚀刻、铣削或机械钻削通过碳材料切割而成。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的制造方法,其中,所述碳材料层(40)中的所述图案(18)在将所述碳材料层(40)施加到所述支撑层(2)上之前和/或之后制成。
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US7242393B2 (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2007-07-10 | Touchsensor Technologies Llc | Touch sensor with integrated decoration |
ITTO20121084A1 (it) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-15 | Plastic Components And Modules Auto Motive S P A | Dispositivo di controllo per un circuito elettrico integrato su un substrato di materiale polimerico |
KR102187473B1 (ko) * | 2014-03-17 | 2020-12-08 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 터치 디바이스 |
FR3068319B1 (fr) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-08-02 | Faurecia Interieur Industrie | Revetement de garnissage |
FR3083177B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-04-02 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Panneau radiant destine a etre installe a l’interieur d’un habitacle de vehicule |
WO2020023606A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | Corning Incorporated | Cold-formed curved glass articles and methods of making the same |
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MX2022007520A (es) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-09-19 | Ascorium Gmbh | Revestimiento para una parte de moldura interior de un vehiculo que comprende una fuente de luz. |
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