CN114514958A - Preparation method and use method of complete feed for fattening cattle - Google Patents
Preparation method and use method of complete feed for fattening cattle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114514958A CN114514958A CN202210314742.6A CN202210314742A CN114514958A CN 114514958 A CN114514958 A CN 114514958A CN 202210314742 A CN202210314742 A CN 202210314742A CN 114514958 A CN114514958 A CN 114514958A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a preparation method and a use method of complete feed for fattening cattle, wherein the preparation method of the complete feed for fattening cattle is to process corn straws into green feed with the length of 7-10cm and the straw diameter of less than 0.04cm, then the green feed is compounded with processed bean curd residue and cassava residue, then premix is added, and finally briquetting is carried out to obtain the feed. The briquetting complete feed obtained by the application can be used as a complete ration, and the whole nutritional requirements of beef cattle can be met without additionally adding coarse feed. Is convenient for storage and transportation, has less nutrient loss, and can be rapidly dispersed when in use.
Description
[ technical field ] A
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a preparation method and a use method of complete feed for fattening cattle.
[ background of the invention ]
With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people in China, the demand on beef is more and more increased, so that the cattle breeding technology is more and more concerned, especially the selection of cattle feed is concerned about the growth quality and beef quality of cattle, and the fattening stage is an important growth stage of cattle. The conventional cattle pellet feed has the fiber cut or broken in the processing process due to the processing technology, and the fiber has the longest length only the fiber which is as long as that of the pellet feed, so that the conventional cattle pellet feed can only be used as one of raw materials and cannot be used as the cattle full-price feed, and the application of the pellet feed in cattle is severely restricted. And also restricts the development of the cattle industry.
The pressed block feed is stored for a long time and is convenient to transport, the existing pressed block feed is restricted by the volume of the pressed block feed, the requirement of growing of the fattening cattle can not be met, particularly the rumination requirement of the fattening cattle can not be directly used as a full-price daily ration, and the full-price daily ration feed product which is stored for a long time and is convenient to transport and can solve the problem of long fiber shortage and can be directly utilized is urgently needed in the market.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need for a complete feed for fattening cattle, which is prepared by tabletting, and which is storage-resistant, easy to transport, easy to use, and capable of satisfying the rumination needs of fattening cattle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
2. a preparation method of complete feed for fattening cattle comprises the following steps:
(1) processing corn straws into green materials with the length of 7-10cm and the straw diameter of less than 0.04cm, processing sugarcane tail leaves and wormwood into green materials with the length of 7-10cm, mixing the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood, and drying until the moisture content is 12-15% to obtain mixed green materials for later use; wherein the diameter of the straw is the diameter or the width of the cross section of the straw;
(2) mixing the bean curd residue and the cassava residue according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3, drying until the water content is 12-15%, then feeding the bean curd residue and the cassava residue into a bulking machine for bulking treatment to obtain a bulked concentrate, and adding steam-flaked corn which is 0.2-0.6 times of the mass of the bulked concentrate into the bulked concentrate to obtain a mixed concentrate for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixed green feed obtained in the step (1), the mixed concentrated feed obtained in the step (2) and the premix according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 1-2: 0.5 to obtain a mixed feed for later use;
(4) and briquetting the mixed feed to obtain a briquetted feed, namely the complete feed for the fattening cattle.
Wherein the diameter of the straw is the diameter or the width of the cross section of the straw.
The premix is a premix of Kelunbaan cattle and sheep purchased from Kelunbaan agricultural science and technology limited company in Anhui province, and the CAS number is 182.25.
Further, the corn stalks, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood in the step (1) are all picked fresh, wherein the mass ratio of the corn stalks, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood is 2-3: 1-2: 1.
Further, the lengths of the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood are all 7cm after being processed in the step (1).
Further, the briquetting in the step (4) is carried out in a specific manner: putting the mixed feed into a briquetting machine, and briquetting under the condition of pressure of 20-25Mpa by adopting a layer-by-layer compression mode; and pressing once every time the mixed feed is put in, and putting the mixed feed for 4-5 times to obtain a briquetted feed.
The specification of the obtained briquetted feed is as follows: each block 7cm by 7cm, the mass about 0.27kg, and the density about 0.8g/cm3。
The application also provides a use method of the complete feed for fattening cattle, which comprises the following steps: firstly, taking water with the weight of 0.3-0.4 times of that of complete feed for fattening cattle, adding brown sugar and silage strains into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an additive solution; secondly, pouring the complete feed for fattening cattle into a stirrer, adding the additive solution while stirring, uniformly mixing the additive solution and the feed, and standing for 5-10min to obtain the material for feeding the fattening cattle.
Further, the adding amount of the brown sugar is 10kg of brown sugar added into each ton of water; the addition amount of the silage strains is 2kg of silage strains added into each ton of water.
The application also provides a method for breeding fattening cattle by adopting the complete feed for fattening cattle, which comprises the following steps: firstly, pouring the complete feed for the fattening cattle into a stirrer, adding the additive solution while stirring to uniformly mix the additive solution and the feed, standing for 5-10min to prepare a feed, and then feeding the fattening cattle with the feed, wherein the daily feeding amount is that each fattening cattle feeds a briquetted feed accounting for 2.5-3.5% of the weight of the cattle.
Further, the additive solution is obtained by the following method: taking water with the weight of 0.3-0.4 times of that of the complete feed for fattening cattle, adding brown sugar and silage strains into the water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain an additive solution; wherein the addition amount of the brown sugar is 10kg of brown sugar added into each ton of water; the addition amount of the silage strains is 2kg of silage strains added into each ton of water.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the briquetting complete feed obtained by the application can be directly used as complete ration, and the whole nutritional requirements of beef cattle can be met without additionally adding coarse feed. The method takes corn straws as green materials, before the method is used, the corn straws are processed into the green materials with the length of 7-10cm, the green materials with the length can meet the rumination requirements of fattening cattle, the cattle are ruminants, and the normal digestion effect and the rumen health of the cattle can be guaranteed only by ensuring the normal rumination behavior of the cattle; rumination mainly depends on stimulation of the fiber feed, and the applicant finds that the required fiber lengths are different in different growth periods of different livestock and the same livestock, and further researches find that the fiber length is the optimal fiber length for stimulating the fattening cattle to ruminate within about 7cm, so that the maximum digestibility of the straw feed is guaranteed; in addition, the feed takes the pretreated bean curd residues and the cassava residues as concentrated materials, the puffed materials are fragrant in taste and better in mouthfeel, the palatability of the feed can be improved, and the pretreated concentrated materials are compounded in the feed for fattening cattle, so that the feed is easy to absorb water and expand, and the feed can be quickly dispersed when meeting water to recover the water content of the feed; the organic combination of the raw materials can obtain the fattening cattle feed with good palatability, and in addition, the feed is pressed in a layer-by-layer briquetting mode, so that the length of the green fodder can be maintained (in a conventional mode, the feed is cut according to the required size after being pressed completely, and the original length of the green fodder cannot be maintained), and the feed containing multiple layers of feed blocks is added with water to enable the feed to be rapidly dispersed before feeding.
2. The application also discloses a using method of the complete feed for fattening cattle, and specifically comprises the steps of preparing an additive solution, stirring, and adding the additive solution into the feed, wherein the additive solution comprises brown sugar and silage strains, the silage strains can provide probiotics and simultaneously avoid feed corruption, and the brown sugar provides strain nutrition, so that the strains are rapidly propagated to form dominant flora, and a large amount of beneficial bacteria are generated in the feed; the combination of the two can effectively prevent putrefying bacteria from increasing rapidly, improve the storage time, provide probiotics for cattle, realize the improvement of the growth and fattening speed of the cattle and promote the growth and development health of the cattle. The treated feed can be directly used for feeding fattening cattle, and nutrients can be exerted to the maximum. The conventional briquetted feed is generally fed directly, has hard and dry mouthfeel and poor palatability, or is prepared into pellet feed, so that the length of forage grass cannot be ensured, and the rumination requirement of fattening cattle cannot be met; in addition, the existing briquetted feed is directly added with microorganisms and briquetted together, so that the pressure and the temperature in the briquetting process can possibly reduce the activity of strains, more importantly, the production purpose of the briquetted feed is mainly preservation-resistant, and if the strains are added in the early stage, the strains are exposed for a long time in the preservation process, so that the microbial activity can be reduced in the existing mode, and the technical problem is solved.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a briquetting machine in example 1;
in the figure, 1, a feed inlet; 2. a feed channel; 3. a baffle plate; 4. pressing blocks; 5. a connecting rod, 6 and a pressing block channel; 7. a reciprocating compression mechanism; 8. a discharge port; 9. a pull rod; 10. a reciprocating device; 11. feed.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a briquetting machine, a structural diagram of the briquetting machine is shown in fig. 1, the briquetting machine comprises a feed inlet 1, a feed channel 2, a briquetting channel 6, a baffle 3, a briquetting 4, a connecting rod 5 and a reciprocating compression mechanism 7, the feed inlet 1 is communicated with the feed channel 2, the feed channel 2 is communicated with the briquetting channel 6, and the feed channel 2 and the briquetting channel 6 jointly form a T shape; a discharge port 8 is formed in one end of the briquetting channel 6, a baffle 3 is arranged at the discharge port 8, the baffle 3 can move, and the opening and closing of the briquetting channel 6 are realized through the movement of the baffle 3; the connecting rod 5 is connected with the material pressing block 4, the connecting rod and the material pressing block are both positioned in the pressing block channel 6, and the material pressing block 4 faces the baffle 3; the other end of the briquetting channel 6 is provided with a reciprocating compression mechanism 7, the reciprocating compression mechanism 7 is connected with the connecting rod 5, and the connecting rod 5 can drive the material pressing block 4 to reciprocate in the briquetting channel 6, so that the feed 11 is compressed;
the briquetting machine further comprises an automatic discharging system, the automatic discharging system comprises a controller and a counter which are electrically connected, a pull rod 9 is connected to the baffle 3, the pull rod 9 is connected with a reciprocating device 10, a second rotating shaft is arranged on the reciprocating device 10, and a second rotating shaft is arranged on the reciprocating compression mechanism 7; the controller controls the reciprocating compression mechanism 7 to operate/stop by controlling the first rotating shaft to rotate/stop; the controller controls the second rotating shaft to rotate/stop so as to control the reciprocating device 10 to operate/stop; the reciprocating device 10 can realize that the pull rod 9 pulls the baffle 3 to be far away from the briquetting channel 6, or drives the pull rod 9 to be connected with the briquetting channel 6, so that the structure of the reciprocating device is mature in the prior art, and the specific structure is not limited any more; the reciprocating compression mechanism 7 can realize that the connecting rod 5 drives the material pressing block 4 to be close to/far away from the baffle 3, and realize the pressing of the feed 11, and the realized structure is mature in the prior art, and the specific structure is not limited any more;
when the feed pressing device is used, feed 11 is placed into the feed inlet 1 and is fed into the pressing block channel 6 through the feed channel 2, then the controller controls the reciprocating compression mechanism 7 to operate, so that the pressing block 4 presses the fed feed 11 to the baffle 3, then the pressing block 4 moves in the opposite direction of the baffle 3 and moves to a position corresponding to the position away from the feed channel 2, the feed 11 is continuously placed, and the process is repeated; after 4-5 times of briquetting (the times can be set), the controller controls the reciprocating device 10 to drive the baffle 3 to move, so that the compression channel is opened, the briquetted feed 11 is pushed out by the briquette 4, and then the controller controls the baffle 3 to be put down, the operation is repeated, and the pressing is continued.
Example 2:
the embodiment is a preparation method of complete feed for fattening cattle;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) processing freshly harvested corn straws into green materials with the length of 8cm and the straw diameter of less than 0.04cm, processing sugarcane tail leaves and wormwood into green materials with the length of 8cm, mixing the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood, and drying until the moisture content is 12% to obtain mixed green materials for later use; the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood are all picked fresh, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood is 2: 1; the diameter of the straw is the diameter or width of the cross section of the straw;
(2) mixing the bean curd residues and the cassava residues according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, drying until the water content is 12%, then feeding the bean curd residues and the cassava residues into a bulking machine for bulking treatment to obtain a bulked fine material, and adding steam-flaked corn which is 0.2 times of the mass of the bulked fine material into the bulked fine material to obtain a mixed fine material for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixed green feed obtained in the step (1), the mixed concentrated feed obtained in the step (2) and the premix according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 0.5 to obtain a mixed feed for later use;
(4) briquetting the mixed feed to obtain a briquetted feed, namely the complete feed for the fattening cattle; wherein, the concrete mode of briquetting does: putting a small amount of mixed feed into a briquetting machine for multiple times, and briquetting under the condition of 20Mpa in a layer-by-layer compression mode; pressing once every time the mixed feed is put in, and putting the mixed feed in for 4 times to obtain a briquetted feed; the briquetting machine used in this example was the briquetting machine described in example 1.
Example 3:
the embodiment is a preparation method of complete feed for fattening cattle;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) processing freshly harvested corn straws into green materials with the length of 7cm and the straw diameter of less than 0.04cm, processing sugarcane tail leaves and wormwood into green materials with the length of 7cm, mixing the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood, and drying until the moisture content is 14% to obtain mixed green materials for later use; the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood are all picked fresh, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood is 3: 1; the diameter of the straw is the diameter or width of the cross section of the straw;
(2) mixing the bean curd residues and the cassava residues according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, drying until the water content is 14%, then feeding the bean curd residues and the cassava residues into a bulking machine for bulking treatment to obtain a bulked fine material, and adding steam-flaked corn which is 0.5 times of the mass of the bulked fine material into the bulked fine material to obtain a mixed fine material for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixed green feed obtained in the step (1), the mixed concentrated feed obtained in the step (2) and the premix according to the mass ratio of 3: 1: 0.5 to obtain a mixed feed for later use;
(4) briquetting the mixed feed to obtain a briquetted feed, namely the complete feed for the fattening cattle; wherein, the concrete mode of briquetting does: putting a small amount of mixed feed into a briquetting machine for multiple times, and briquetting under the condition of 22Mpa by adopting a layer-by-layer compression mode; pressing once every time the mixed feed is put in, and putting the mixed feed for 5 times to obtain a briquetted feed; the briquetting machine used in this example was the briquetting machine described in example 1.
Example 4:
the embodiment is a preparation method of complete feed for fattening cattle;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) processing freshly harvested corn straws into green materials with the length of 10cm and the straw diameter of less than 0.04cm, processing sugarcane tail leaves and wormwood into green materials with the length of 10cm, mixing the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood, and drying until the moisture content is 15% to obtain mixed green materials for later use; the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood are all picked fresh, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood is 3: 2: 1; the diameter of the straw is the diameter or width of the cross section of the straw;
(2) mixing the bean curd residues and the cassava residues according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, drying until the water content is 15%, then feeding the bean curd residues and the cassava residues into a bulking machine for bulking treatment to obtain a bulked fine material, and adding steam-flaked corn which is 0.6 times of the mass of the bulked fine material into the bulked fine material to obtain a mixed fine material for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixed green feed obtained in the step (1), the mixed concentrated feed obtained in the step (2) and the premix according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 0.5 to obtain a mixed feed for later use;
(4) briquetting the mixed feed to obtain a briquetted feed, namely the complete feed for the fattening cattle; wherein, the concrete mode of briquetting does: putting a small amount of mixed feed into a briquetting machine for multiple times, and briquetting under the condition of 25Mpa by adopting a layer-by-layer compression mode; pressing once every time the mixed feed is put in, and putting the mixed feed for 5 times to obtain a briquetted feed; the briquetting machine used in this example was the briquetting machine described in example 1.
In order to illustrate the practical value of the feed preparation method of the application, the applicant compares the use effects of the feeds obtained by the following groups of processing modes;
the method comprises the following groups:
a first group: a complete feed for fattening cattle described in example 3;
second group: removing manioc waste and bean curd waste, and performing puffing treatment in the same way as the first group;
third group: adding an additive solution into the step (3) and uniformly mixing, wherein the additive solution is obtained by adding 10 kg/ton of brown sugar and 2 kg/ton of silage strains into water (water accounting for 0.3 times of the mass of other materials), and stirring and dissolving; otherwise the same as the first group;
and a fourth group: the briquetting mode is: the feed is put into a compression box of a commercial hydraulic forage baler, and is subjected to conventional briquetting through mechanical movement in the same way as the first group;
first, the average open time after washing the feed obtained from the above groups was compared and recorded as in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of average spreading time after water absorption for each group of feeds
According to the results in table 1, the feed obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the application has the advantages of short water absorption and dispersion time, capability of rapidly recovering to a feeding state, strong water absorption and better palatability.
Example 5:
the embodiment is a using method of the complete feed for fattening cattle;
the method comprises the following steps:
taking water which is 0.3 times of the weight of the complete feed for fattening cattle obtained in the embodiment 3, adding brown sugar and silage strains into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an additive solution; secondly, pouring the complete feed for fattening cattle obtained in the embodiment 3 into a stirrer, adding the additive solution while stirring, uniformly mixing the additive solution and the feed, and standing for 5min to obtain the material for feeding the fattening cattle.
The addition amount of the brown sugar is 10kg of brown sugar added into each ton of water; the addition amount of the silage strains is 2kg of silage strains added into each ton of water.
Example 6:
the embodiment is a using method of the complete feed for fattening cattle;
the method comprises the following steps:
taking water which is 0.4 times of the weight of the complete feed for fattening cattle obtained in the embodiment 3, adding brown sugar and silage strains into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an additive solution; secondly, pouring the complete feed for fattening cattle obtained in the embodiment 3 into a stirrer, adding the additive solution while stirring, uniformly mixing the additive solution and the feed, and standing for 10min to obtain the material for feeding the fattening cattle.
The addition amount of the brown sugar is 10kg of brown sugar added into each ton of water; the addition amount of the silage strains is 2kg of silage strains added into each ton of water.
In order to illustrate the practical value of the feed preparation method of the application in combination with the use method, the applicant compares the use effects of the following group of feeds;
the method comprises the following groups:
and a fifth group: the material described in example 6;
a sixth group: the feed obtained in the third group is selected, namely the additive solution is added in the step (3) and uniformly mixed, the additive solution is obtained by adding 10 kg/ton of brown sugar and 2 kg/ton of silage strains into water (the amount of water is 0.3 times of the weight of other materials), and stirring and dissolving; otherwise, the same procedure as in the fifth group was followed, except that the same amount of water was used for mixing before use;
a seventh group: the feed obtained in example 3 was used directly without adding brown sugar, water and silage strains;
and an eighth group: the raw material of brown sugar is removed, and other modes are the same as the fifth group;
ninth group: the silage strain is removed as a raw material, and the other modes are the same as the fifth group;
the tenth group: replacing the silage strain serving as the raw material with EM (effective microorganisms) strain in the same way as the fifth group;
comparing the effect of the above group of feeds, comparing the feed fed with the same amount (the daily feeding amount is that each fattening cattle feeds briquetted feed accounting for 2.5% of the weight of the cattle), the trough residence time, and the ammonia concentration in the cattle shed, as shown in table 2:
table 2 comparison table of several groups of feed use effect
The residence time of the trough refers to the time that the feed can be stored in the trough when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃ in summer.
As can be seen from the results in Table 2, in this application, added the additive solution that obtains by silage bacterial, brown sugar and water mixture before feeding to the storage time of fodder in the silo can be prolonged conveniently, it is difficult corrupt to say that the fodder that adopts the mode of this application to obtain is on the other hand, can also reduce the ammonia concentration of cowshed.
Example 7:
the embodiment provides a method for breeding fattening cattle, which comprises the following steps: firstly, pouring the complete feed for the fattening cattle obtained in the embodiment 3 into a stirrer, adding the additive solution while stirring to uniformly mix the additive solution and the feed, standing for 5min to prepare a feed, and then feeding the cattle in the fattening period by using the feed, wherein the daily feeding amount is that each fattening cattle feeds a briquetted feed accounting for 2.5% of the weight of the cattle.
The additive solution is obtained by the following method: taking water with the weight of 0.3 times of that of the complete feed for fattening cattle, adding brown sugar and silage strains into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an additive solution; wherein the addition amount of the brown sugar is 10kg of brown sugar added into each ton of water; the addition amount of the silage strains is 2kg of the silage strains added into each ton of water.
Example 8:
the embodiment provides a method for breeding fattening cattle, which comprises the following steps: firstly, pouring the complete feed for the fattening cattle obtained in the embodiment 3 into a stirrer, adding the additive solution while stirring to uniformly mix the additive solution and the feed, standing for 10min to prepare a feed, and then feeding the cattle in the fattening period by using the feed, wherein the daily feeding amount is that each fattening cattle feeds a briquetted feed accounting for 3.5% of the weight of the cattle.
The additive solution is obtained by the following method: taking water with the weight of 0.4 times of that of the complete feed for fattening cattle, adding brown sugar and silage strains into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an additive solution; wherein the addition amount of the brown sugar is 10kg of brown sugar added into each ton of water; the addition amount of the silage strains is 2kg of the silage strains added into each ton of water.
To illustrate the practical value of the above-described method of growing and fattening cattle, the applicant carried out the following comparative experiments:
through years of cattle breeding experience, the applicant finds that the normal digestive effect and the rumen health of the cattle can be guaranteed only by ensuring the normal rumination behavior of the cattle in the feeding process of the cattle. In addition, the length of fiber required for rumination is different in different growth periods of the cattle, the influence of different cut grass lengths on the feeding of the remaining feed is recorded in table 3, and the influence of different cut grass lengths on the average rumination time of the cattle at 12-18 points is recorded in table 4;
the following were used:
table 3 effect of different cut lengths on the remaining feed (%)
TABLE 4 Effect of different cut grass lengths on the mean rumination time of cattle at 12-18 o' clock
The grass cutting length is the processing length of the green materials in the step (1).
According to the table 3-4, the calf hay cutting length is 2cm, so that the calf hay can obtain better palatability, the residual feed is less, and the rumination can be better stimulated; the cutting length of the stand cattle (weaned to 12 months old) is 4cm, so that better palatability can be obtained, the residual feed is less, and rumination can be better stimulated; in the stage of fattening cattle (13 months old to slaughter), the grass cutting length is 7cm, so that the better palatability can be obtained, the residual feed is less, and the rumination can be better stimulated. Obviously, the suitable cut lengths of cattle are different in different growing periods. The feed is used for cattle in a fattening period, and the length of the cut grass is preferably 7 cm.
The above examples merely represent some embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail and in greater detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of complete feed for fattening cattle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) processing corn straws into green materials with the length of 7-10cm and the straw diameter of less than 0.04cm, processing sugarcane tail leaves and wormwood into green materials with the length of 7-10cm, mixing the corn straws, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood, and drying until the moisture content is 12-15% to obtain mixed green materials for later use;
(2) mixing the bean curd residue and the cassava residue according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-3, drying until the water content is 12-15%, then feeding the bean curd residue and the cassava residue into a bulking machine for bulking treatment to obtain a bulked concentrate, and adding steam-flaked corn which is 0.2-0.6 times of the mass of the bulked concentrate into the bulked concentrate to obtain a mixed concentrate for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing and stirring the mixed green feed obtained in the step (1), the mixed concentrated feed obtained in the step (2) and the premix according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 1-2: 0.5 to obtain a mixed feed for later use;
(4) and briquetting the mixed feed to obtain a briquetted feed, namely the complete feed for the fattening cattle.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the corn stalks, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood in the step (1) are all freshly picked, and the mass ratio of the corn stalks, the sugarcane tail leaves and the wormwood is 2-3: 1-2: 1.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the corn stover, sugarcane tail leaf and wormwood are all 7cm in length after being processed in step (1).
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the briquetting in the step (4) is carried out in a specific manner as follows: putting the mixed feed into a briquetting machine, and briquetting under the condition of pressure of 20-25Mpa by adopting a layer-by-layer compression mode; and pressing once every time the mixed feed is put in, and putting the mixed feed for 4-5 times to obtain a briquetted feed.
5. The use method of the complete feed for fattening cattle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: taking water with the weight of 0.3-0.4 times of that of the complete feed for fattening cattle, adding brown sugar and silage strains into the water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain an additive solution; secondly, pouring the complete feed for fattening cattle into a stirrer, adding the additive solution while stirring, uniformly mixing the additive solution and the feed, and standing for 5-10min to obtain the material for feeding the fattening cattle.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the brown sugar is added in an amount of 10kg per ton of water; the addition amount of the silage strains is 2kg of silage strains added into each ton of water.
7. A method for fattening cattle breeding using the complete feed for fattening cattle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the method comprises: firstly, pouring the complete feed for the fattening cattle into a stirrer, adding the additive solution while stirring, uniformly mixing the additive solution and the feed, standing for 5-10min to prepare a feed, and then feeding the cattle in the fattening period by using the feed, wherein the feeding amount per day is that each fattening cattle is fed with a briquette feed accounting for 2.5-3.5% of the weight of the cattle.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the additive solution is obtained by: taking water with the weight of 0.3-0.4 times of that of the complete feed for fattening cattle, adding brown sugar and silage strains into the water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain an additive solution; wherein the addition amount of the brown sugar is 10kg of brown sugar added into each ton of water; the addition amount of the silage strains is 2kg of silage strains added into each ton of water.
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