CN114514826B - Device and method for recycling floor cotton and cotton plant left cotton - Google Patents
Device and method for recycling floor cotton and cotton plant left cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN114514826B CN114514826B CN202210217161.0A CN202210217161A CN114514826B CN 114514826 B CN114514826 B CN 114514826B CN 202210217161 A CN202210217161 A CN 202210217161A CN 114514826 B CN114514826 B CN 114514826B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D51/00—Apparatus for gathering together crops spread on the soil, e.g. apples, beets, nuts, potatoes, cotton, cane sugar
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
- A01D46/08—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs of cotton
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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- Y02W30/66—Disintegrating fibre-containing textile articles to obtain fibres for re-use
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for recycling floor cotton and cotton plants, which comprises the following steps: making a recovery device for the falling cotton and the cotton plants, picking up the falling cotton and the cotton plants by a picking roller, blowing the falling cotton between 10cm cotton plant line spaces to the ground between 66cm cotton plant line spaces, combining air blowing and air suction to harvest the falling cotton between 66cm cotton plant line spaces, and collecting the picked cotton. Wherein, the recovery device for the cotton left on the floor cotton and cotton plants comprises a picking roller, a protective cover shell, a cotton collecting conveyer belt, a pneumatic picking component, a large cotton blowing pipe, a main cotton suction pipe, a branch cotton suction pipe I, a branch cotton suction pipe II, a branch cotton suction pipe III and a fan. According to the method, the flexible belt is used for contacting with the mulching film, the mulching film is not picked up while the floor cotton is picked up, cotton on the ground with the cotton plant row spacing of 10cm is blown onto the ground with the cotton plant row spacing of 66cm by using the L-shaped large cotton blowing pipe, and then the floor cotton is picked up by using a blowing and sucking combined method, so that the picking rate of the floor cotton can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cotton harvesting, and in particular relates to a picking and harvesting method for floor cotton and cotton plants with left cotton.
Background
The climate in the Xinjiang area of China is dry, the light and heat resources are rich, the method is very suitable for cotton planting, the planting area is very large, and the method is a main cotton production area. In the cotton planting in Xinjiang, a mulching film and a drip irrigation belt are paved generally, and a 66+10cm row spacing planting mode is adopted so as to meet the requirement of row harvesting of a cotton picker. The areas of the Xinjiang areas are large, the climates of the south and north of the Tianshan are different, the temperature of the North Xinjiang areas is reduced earlier, the cotton harvesting time is 9 months 20 days-10 months 20 days each year, the climates of the south Xinjiang areas are warmer, the cotton harvesting time is later than that of the North Xinjiang areas, and the cotton harvesting time is 10 months 10 days-11 months 10 days each year. The cotton harvesting time of both southern and northern Xinjiang is about 1 month, and the harvesting time is longer. For earlier cotton harvesting, some immature bolls will mature after harvesting, becoming residual cotton on the cotton plants. For cotton with later harvesting, as the cotton boll-spitting time is longer, the picking head of the cotton picker collides with the cotton, and the cotton can fall onto the ground to become floor cotton. It has been investigated that about 3% of cotton per year becomes left behind and falls to the ground. According to statistics, 2500 kilohectares of Xinjiang planted cotton have the yield reaching 500 ten thousand tons, and 15 ten thousand tons of cotton are left in the cotton field according to 3 percent calculation, so that the waste amount is huge. Therefore, harvesting of ground cotton and residual cotton is an urgent problem to be solved.
At present, the method for solving the problem of harvesting floor cotton and left cotton is mainly to use a box type cotton picker for secondary harvesting, wherein the operation cost of the box type cotton picker is 80 yuan/mu. Cotton is a large number of commercial crops, the sales price is greatly influenced by international market quotations, and when the sales price of the cotton is low, a cotton planter cannot obtain profits from secondary harvesting, and the cotton planter can discard the secondary harvesting. In addition, the box cotton picker can only harvest the left cotton on cotton plants, and can not pick up the floor cotton. Some enterprises develop comb tooth scraping plate type residual cotton picking harvesters, but the harvesters can only harvest residual cotton on cotton plants and cannot harvest floor cotton. Some enterprises have developed cotton picking harvesters on spring-tooth type floor cotton and cotton plants, the representative machine is provided with a spring-plate floor cotton picking harvester, a spring-force-plate floor cotton picking harvester and a Xinjiang brother agricultural company, the working principle of the floor cotton picking harvesters is that a roller with flexible elasticity is designed, the roller is parallel to the ground, the roller rotates during operation, the flexible spring tooth is contacted with the ground to pick up cotton on the ground, the spring tooth is also contacted with the cotton plants to harvest the cotton on the cotton plants, the picking harvesters of the harvesting method have high working efficiency, but have the problem that the flexible spring tooth is contacted with the ground, and the ground cotton is picked up, and meanwhile, the mulch is picked up, so that the harvested cotton contains mulch, and even a drop irrigation belt is picked up and wound on the roller, thereby causing faults.
It can be seen that the difficulty in harvesting the ground cotton and the remaining cotton on the cotton plants is that the drop irrigation tape and mulch film cannot be picked up while the ground cotton is harvested.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to carry out secondary harvesting on cotton fields harvested by a cotton picker, harvest cotton left on floor cotton and cotton plants, and simultaneously avoid picking up mulch films and drip tapes.
The invention provides a recovery device for floor cotton and cotton plants, which comprises a picking roller (2), a protective cover shell (3), a cotton collecting conveyor belt (4), a pneumatic picking component (5), a large cotton blowing pipe (6), a main cotton suction pipe (7), a branch cotton suction pipe I (3-1), a branch cotton suction pipe II (8), a branch cotton suction pipe III (5-1) and a fan (9), wherein picking targets (10) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the picking roller (2); the picking target (10) comprises a circular tube (10-1), and a spring tooth (10-2) and a belt (10-3) which are fixed on the circular tube (10-1), wherein the length of the belt (10-3) is greater than that of the spring tooth (10-2); the protective cover shell (3) is arranged above the pick-up roller (2), the protective cover shell (3) is in an arc row, and the first cotton suction pipe (3-1) is arranged on the protective cover shell (3); the cotton collecting conveyor belts (4) are positioned behind the pick-up roller (2) and below the shield shell (3), the planes of the cotton collecting conveyor belts (4) are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the two cotton collecting conveyor belts (4) are mutually aligned; the second cotton supporting and sucking pipe (8) is positioned at the middle position of the two cotton collecting and conveying belts (4), and the direction of the lower end of the second cotton supporting and sucking pipe (8) is parallel to the plane of the cotton collecting and conveying belts (4) above the cotton collecting and conveying belts (4); the pneumatic picking component (5) is positioned below a Fang Heji cotton conveying belt (4) behind the picking roller (2), the pneumatic picking component (5) comprises a front triangular branch frame (5-2), a cotton sucking plate (5-3) parallel to the horizontal plane is arranged behind the triangular branch frame (5-2), a branch cotton sucking pipe III (5-1) is arranged on the cotton sucking plate (5-3), the branch cotton sucking pipe III (5-1) is vertical to the horizontal plane, a cotton blowing plate (5-4) is arranged behind the cotton sucking plate (5-3), the cotton blowing plate (5-4) is an obtuse angle and is vertical to the horizontal plane, a small cotton blowing pipe (5-5) is arranged on the cotton blowing plate (5-4), namely the pneumatic picking component (5) comprises the triangular branch frame (5-2) at the front end and a rear cotton collecting device, and the cotton collecting device comprises the cotton sucking plate (5-3) which is horizontally arranged and the cotton blowing plate (5-4) which is vertically arranged, and the cotton blowing plate (5-3) and the cotton blowing plate (5-4) which are vertically arranged form a semi-enclosed blowing area; the large cotton blowing pipes (6) are positioned on two sides of the pneumatic pickup part (5), the large cotton blowing pipes (6) are L-shaped, and the lower ends of the large cotton blowing pipes are parallel to the horizontal plane. The first branch cotton suction pipe (3-1), the second branch cotton suction pipe (8) and the third branch cotton suction pipe (5-1) are communicated with the main cotton suction pipe (7).
In the device, the number of the pickup targets (10) uniformly distributed on the pickup roller (2) is 6-10, and the pickup targets are annularly arranged and combined into a cylinder shape.
In the device, the elastic teeth (10-2) and the belts (10-3) on the round tube (10-1) of the pick-up target (10) are arranged at intervals, namely, a group of elastic teeth (10-2) is arranged, then a group of belts (10-3) is arranged, and the number of the elastic teeth (10-2) and the number of the belts (10-3) in each group are 2-5.
In the device, the spring tooth (10-2) on the pick-up target (10) is made of metal materials.
In the device, the belt (10-3) on the pick-up target (10) is made of canvas or rubber.
In the device, the included angle between the elastic tooth (10-2) and the connecting line of the axis of the circular tube (10-1) and the rotation axis of the pick-up roller (2) is 0-60 degrees.
In the device, the axes of the belt (10-3) and the round tube (10-1) are parallel to the connecting line of the rotation axis of the pick-up roller (2).
In the device, the number of the first cotton suction pipes (3-1) arranged on the shield shell (3) is 3-5, and the first cotton suction pipes (3-1) are round.
In the device, the cotton supporting and sucking pipe arranged on the shield shell (3) is positioned at the front end of the shield shell (3), and the included angle between the axis of the cotton supporting and sucking pipe and the vertical line is 30-60 degrees.
In the device, the number of the small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) on the pneumatic pickup part (5) is 3-10, the small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) are uniformly distributed on the cotton blowing plate (5-4), the included angle between the small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) and the horizontal plane is 0-30 degrees, the small cotton blowing pipes are inclined downwards, and the aperture is 5-20mm.
A method for recovering floor cotton and cotton plants left behind is characterized in that: the method for recycling the floor cotton and the cotton plants by using the device for recycling the residual cotton comprises the following specific steps:
A. the cotton picking drum rotates, the belt (10-3) rotates to lift the floor cotton, the spring teeth (10-2) rotate to peel off the residual cotton remained on the cotton column, the cotton is conveyed into the shield shell (3) by rotating the picking drum, and the cotton is collected by the first cotton supporting and sucking pipe (3-1);
B. the large cotton blowing pipes (6) are arranged in the narrow row spacing and blow cotton in the narrow row into the wide row;
C. the pneumatic pickup part (5) is provided with a cotton absorbing plate (5-3) and a cotton blowing plate (5-4) which are connected to form a semi-enclosed cotton collecting area, a small cotton blowing pipe (5-5) capable of blowing air into the cotton collecting area is arranged on the cotton blowing plate (5-4), cotton in the area is blown up by blowing air into the cotton collecting area, and then cotton in the cotton collecting area is collected by utilizing a branch cotton absorbing pipe three (5-1) arranged on the cotton absorbing plate (5-3).
The invention provides a picking and harvesting method for floor cotton and cotton plants with left cotton, which comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a recovery device for floor cotton and residual cotton on cotton plants: comprises a picking roller (2), a protective cover shell (3), a cotton collecting conveyer belt (4), a pneumatic picking component (5), a large cotton blowing pipe (6), a main cotton suction pipe (7), a branch cotton suction pipe I (3-1), a branch cotton suction pipe II (8), a branch cotton suction pipe III (5-1) and a fan (9); pick-up targets (10) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the pick-up roller (2); the picking target (10) comprises a circular tube (10-1), and a spring tooth (10-2) and a belt (10-3) which are fixed on the circular tube (10-1), wherein the length of the belt (10-3) is greater than that of the spring tooth (10-2); the protective cover shell (3) is arranged above the pick-up roller (2), the protective cover shell (3) is in an arc row, and the first cotton suction pipe (3-1) is arranged on the protective cover shell (3); the cotton collecting conveyor belts (4) are positioned behind the pick-up roller (2) and below the shield shell (3), the planes of the cotton collecting conveyor belts (4) are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the two cotton collecting conveyor belts (4) are mutually aligned; the second cotton supporting and sucking pipe (8) is positioned at the middle position of the two cotton collecting and conveying belts (4), and the direction of the lower end of the second cotton supporting and sucking pipe (8) is parallel to the plane of the cotton collecting and conveying belts (4) above the cotton collecting and conveying belts (4); the pneumatic pick-up part (5) is positioned below a Fang Heji cotton conveying belt (4) behind the pick-up roller (2), the pneumatic pick-up part (5) comprises a front triangular branch frame (5-2), a cotton suction plate (5-3) parallel to a horizontal plane is arranged behind the triangular branch frame (5-2), a cotton suction pipe III (5-1) is arranged on the cotton suction plate (5-3), the cotton suction pipe III (5-1) is vertical to the horizontal plane, a cotton blowing plate (5-4) vertical to the horizontal plane is arranged behind the cotton suction plate (5-3), the cotton blowing plate (5-4) is an obtuse angle, and a small cotton blowing pipe (5-5) is arranged on the cotton blowing plate (5-4); the large cotton blowing pipes (6) are positioned at two sides of the pneumatic pickup part (5), the large cotton blowing pipes (6) are L-shaped, the lower ends of the large cotton blowing pipes are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the aperture of the large cotton blowing pipes (6) is 25-50mm. The first branch cotton suction pipe (3-1), the second branch cotton suction pipe (8) and the third branch cotton suction pipe are communicated with the main cotton suction pipe (7).
S2, picking up residual cotton on floor cotton and cotton plants by a picking-up roller (2): the roller rotates anticlockwise parallel to the ground, a belt (10-3) on the roller is contacted with the ground, cotton on the ground is lifted up and thrown into a shield shell (3) above the roller, spring teeth (10-2) are not contacted with the ground, the spring teeth are inserted between cotton plants in the rotating process, residual cotton on the picked cotton plants enters the shield shell (3), one part of cotton is collected through a cotton suction pipe I (3-1) on the shield, and the other part of cotton is thrown onto a cotton collection conveying belt (4) behind a pick-up roller (2); the two cotton collecting conveyor belts (4) collect cotton to the middle position, and the cotton is sucked by the second cotton suction pipe (8).
S3, air blowing floor cotton between 10cm cotton plant line spaces to the ground between 66cm cotton plant line spaces: the cotton plant with the row spacing of 10cm is walked between cotton plants by using an atmospheric blowing pipe, the atmospheric blowing pipe is not contacted with the ground, and cotton on the ground between the row spacing of 10cm cotton plants is blown to the ground with the row spacing of 66cm cotton plants by using an air blowing method.
S4, harvesting floor cotton between 66cm cotton plant row spacing by combining air blowing and air suction: the cotton on the ground is blown up from a direction inclined to the ground by a small air blowing pipe on the pneumatic pick-up part (5), and then the blown cotton falling to the ground is sucked up by a cotton supporting and sucking pipe III (5-1).
S5, collecting picked cotton: cotton in the first branch cotton suction pipe (3-1), the second branch cotton suction pipe (8) and the third branch cotton suction pipe (5-1) enters the main cotton suction pipe (7) under the action of negative pressure air flow, and the cotton is collected through the main cotton suction pipe (7) and enters the cotton collecting box.
In the method, the number of the pickup targets (10) uniformly distributed on the pickup roller (2) is 6-10.
In the method, the elastic teeth (10-2) and the belts (10-3) on the round tube (10-1) of the pick-up target (10) are arranged at intervals, namely, one group of elastic teeth (10-2) is arranged, and then one group of belts (10-3) is arranged, wherein the number of the elastic teeth (10-2) and the number of the belts (10-3) in each group are 2-5.
In the method, the spring teeth (10-2) on the pick-up target (10) are made of metal materials.
In the method, the belt (10-3) on the pick-up target (10) is made of canvas or rubber.
In the method, the included angle between the elastic teeth (10-2) and the connecting line of the axis of the round tube (10-1) and the rotation axis of the pick-up roller (2) is 0-60 degrees.
In the method, the axes of the belt (10-3) and the round tube (10-1) are parallel to the connecting line of the rotation axis of the pick-up roller (2).
In the method, the number of the first cotton suction pipes (3-1) arranged on the shield shell (3) is 3-5, and the first cotton suction pipes are round.
In the method, the first cotton suction pipe (3-1) arranged on the shield shell (3) is positioned at the front end of the shield shell (3), and an included angle between the axis of the first cotton suction pipe (3-1) and a vertical line is 30-60 degrees.
In the method, the number of the small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) on the pneumatic pickup part (5) is 3-10, the small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) are uniformly distributed on the cotton blowing plate (5-4), the included angle between the small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) and the horizontal plane is 0-30 degrees, the small cotton blowing pipes are inclined downwards, and the aperture is 5-20mm.
The invention has the specific effects that: the flexible belt (10-3) is used for contacting with the mulching film, so that the mulching film is not picked up when the cotton on the ground is picked up, and the collected cotton is prevented from containing the mulching film; the L-shaped large cotton blowing pipe (6) is used for blowing cotton on the ground with the cotton plant row spacing of 10cm to the ground with the cotton plant row spacing of 66cm, and then the blowing-sucking combined method is used for picking up the floor cotton, so that the picking rate of the floor cotton can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the location of a cotton recovery device on a cotton harvester on a cotton plant;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front view of a cotton recovery device for ground cotton and cotton plants;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a cotton recovery device for ground cotton and cotton plants;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the ground cotton and cotton plant with the portion of the cover shell removed by the residual cotton recovery device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a front view of a pick-up drum;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a pickup roller;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the pick-up drum;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a structure of a pick-up target;
FIG. 9 is a front view of the pneumatic pickup assembly;
FIG. 10 is a top view of a pneumatic pickup assembly;
FIG. 11 is a B-B cross-sectional view of the pneumatic pick-up assembly.
The marks in the figure: 1 is a recovery device for floor cotton and cotton plants left with cotton; 2 is a pick-up drum; 3 is a protective cover shell; 3-1 is a first cotton suction tube; 4 is a cotton collecting conveyer belt; 5 is a pneumatic pick-up component; 5-1 is a cotton suction tube III; 5-2 is a triangular row frame; 5-3 is a cotton suction plate; 5-4 are cotton blowing plates; 5-5 is a small cotton blowing pipe; 6 is a large cotton blowing pipe; 7 is a main cotton suction pipe; 8 is a cotton suction pipe II; 9 is a fan; 10 is a pick-up target; 10-1 is a round tube; 10-2 is a spring tooth; 10-3 is a belt.
Detailed Description
The implementation process of the patent of the invention is further described below by taking floor cotton with 66+10cm row spacing of harvested cotton plants and cotton left on cotton plants as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
S1, manufacturing a recovery device for floor cotton and residual cotton on cotton plants
The recovery device for the left cotton on the floor cotton and the cotton plant is a key device of a harvester for the left cotton on the floor cotton and the cotton plant, and the recovery device 1 for the left cotton on the floor cotton and the cotton plant is positioned at the front end of the harvester for the left cotton on the floor cotton and the cotton plant, as shown in figure 1. The recovery device 1 for the floor cotton and the cotton plants left behind comprises a picking roller 2, a shield shell 3, a cotton collecting conveying belt 4, a pneumatic picking component 5, a large cotton blowing pipe 6, a main cotton suction pipe 7, a branch cotton suction pipe I3-1, a branch cotton suction pipe II 8, a branch cotton suction pipe III 5-1 and a fan 9, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. The picking roller 2 is uniformly provided with picking targets 10 on the circumference, and the number of the picking targets 10 is 6-10, as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7. The picking target 10 is composed of a circular tube 10-1, and a spring tooth 10-2 and a belt 10-3 which are fixed on the circular tube, as shown in fig. 8, the spring tooth 10-2 and the belt 10-3 are fixed on the circular tube 10-1 by bolts, the length of the belt 10-3 is longer than that of the spring tooth 10-2, the spring tooth 10-2 and the belt 10-3 are arranged on the circular tube 10-1 at intervals, namely, a group of spring teeth 10-2 are arranged, then a group of belt 10-3 is arranged, the number of each group of spring teeth 10-2 and the belt 10-3 is 2-5, the spring tooth 10-2 is made of metal materials, and the belt 10-3 is made of canvas or rubber. The included angle between the elastic teeth 10-2 and the connecting line of the axis of the circular tube 10-1 and the rotation axis of the pick-up roller 2 is 0-60 degrees. The axes of the belt 10-3 and the round tube 10-1 are parallel to the connecting line of the rotation axis of the pick-up roller 2.
The shield shell 3 is arranged above the pick-up roller 2, the shield shell 3 is in an arc row, the first 3-1 cotton supporting and sucking pipes are arranged at the front end of the shield shell 3, the number of the first 3-1 cotton supporting and sucking pipes is 3-5, the first 3-1 cotton supporting and sucking pipes are circular, and an included angle between the axis of the first 3-1 cotton supporting and sucking pipes and a vertical line is 30-60 degrees.
The cotton collecting conveyer belt 4 is located behind the picking roller 2 and below the shield shell 3, the plane of the cotton collecting conveyer belt 4 is parallel to the horizontal plane, the two cotton collecting conveyer belts 4 are aligned with each other, when the cotton collecting conveyer is in operation, the rotation directions of the two cotton collecting conveyer belts 4 are opposite and all rotate inwards, cotton falling on the cotton collecting conveyer belt 4 is concentrated at the middle position, the second cotton supporting pipe 8 is arranged at the middle position of the two cotton collecting conveyer belts 4, the second cotton supporting pipe 8 is arranged above the cotton collecting conveyer belt 4, and the direction of the lower end of the second cotton supporting pipe 8 is parallel to the plane of the cotton collecting conveyer belt 4 and is used for absorbing cotton concentrated by the cotton collecting conveyer belt 4.
The pneumatic pick-up part 5 is positioned at the rear of the pick-up roller 2 and below the cotton collecting conveyor belt 4, the pneumatic pick-up part 5 comprises front end triangular branch frames 5-2, cotton suction plates 5-3 parallel to a horizontal plane are arranged at the rear of the triangular branch frames 5-2, branch cotton suction pipes three 5-1 are arranged on the cotton suction plates 5-3, the branch cotton suction pipes three 5-1 are perpendicular to the horizontal plane, cotton blowing plates 5-4 are arranged at the rear of the cotton suction plates 5-3, the cotton blowing plates 5-4 are obtuse angles and perpendicular to the horizontal plane, small cotton blowing pipes 5-5 are arranged on the cotton blowing plates, the number of the small cotton blowing pipes is 3-10, the small cotton blowing pipes 5-5 are uniformly distributed on the cotton blowing plates 5-4, the aperture of the small cotton blowing pipes 5-5 is 5-20mm, an included angle between the small cotton blowing pipes 5-5 and the horizontal plane is 0-30 degrees, and the small cotton blowing pipes are inclined downwards.
The large cotton blowing pipes 6 are positioned on two sides of the pneumatic pickup part 5, the large cotton blowing pipes 6 are L-shaped, the lower ends of the large cotton blowing pipes are parallel to the horizontal plane, and the aperture of the large cotton blowing pipes is 25-50mm.
The first branch cotton suction pipe 3-1, the second branch cotton suction pipe 8 and the third branch cotton suction pipe 5-1 are communicated with the main cotton suction pipe 7.
S2, picking up residual cotton on floor cotton and cotton plants by using picking-up roller
Cotton falling on the ground is affected by rainwater and dew, cotton can be mixed with cotton leaves and adhered to mulching films or soil, if negative pressure air flow is used for directly sucking, the negative pressure air flow is difficult to suck and pick up the cotton falling on the ground, therefore, the pick-up roller 2 rotates anticlockwise parallel to the ground, the belt 10-3 on the pick-up roller 2 contacts with the ground to pick up the cotton on the ground, a part of the picked cotton is thrown into the shield shell 3 above the roller, the spring teeth 10-2 are not contacted with the ground, the cotton plants are inserted among the cotton plants in the rotating process, the residual cotton on the picked cotton plants enters the inside of the shield shell 3, and impurities such as cotton leaves, cotton shells and cotton rods are doped in the picked cotton, in order to avoid blockage when the cotton is sucked by the suction tube, the cotton is sucked by the first 3-1 of the branch suction tube on the shield shell 3, and the rest cotton is thrown onto the cotton collecting conveyor 4 behind the pick-up roller 2; the two cotton collecting conveyor belts 4 rotate in opposite directions to collect cotton to the middle position, and the cotton is sucked by the second cotton suction pipe 8 at the middle position.
S3, blowing floor cotton between 10cm line spaces to ground between 66cm line spaces
The L-shaped atmospheric blowing pipe 6 is used for walking between cotton plants with the row spacing of 10cm, the lower part of the large blowing pipe 6 is not contacted with the ground and is 3-10cm away from the ground, and positive pressure air flow is generated in the large blowing pipe 6 to blow cotton on the ground between 10cm cotton plants to the ground with the row spacing of 66 cm.
S4, harvesting floor cotton between 66cm row spacing by combining air blowing and air suction
The pneumatic pickup unit 5 is located next to the ground but is not in contact with the ground, cotton on the ground is blown up from a direction inclined to the ground by the small cotton blowing pipe 5-5 on the pneumatic pickup unit 5, and then the blown-up cotton is sucked up by the three cotton sucking pipes 5-1.
S5, collecting picked cotton
Through the combined operation of the picking roller 2 and the pneumatic picking part 5, cotton left on the cotton plants and falling to the ground is sucked and picked up, and the cotton in the first branch suction cotton pipe 3-1, the second branch suction cotton pipe 8 and the third branch suction cotton pipe 5-1 enters the main suction cotton pipe 7 under the action of suction force, and finally the cotton is collected through the main suction cotton pipe 7 and enters the cotton collecting box.
Operation effect of recovery device for residual cotton on floor cotton and cotton plants
The prototype in the test is completed by adding an improved design of a falling cotton and cotton plant left-behind cotton recovery device, a fan, an airflow pipeline, a cotton collecting box and the like on the basis of a power chassis of a self-propelled harvester with the power of 117kw, and the test land is characterized in that the cotton row spacing is 66+10cm, the cotton average plant height is 85cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, cotton fields are harvested by cotton pickers, the cotton plant left-behind cotton is arranged, and the falling cotton is arranged on the surface of a mulching film. Before the test, the sample machine is adjusted so that the atmospheric blowing pipe can walk between cotton rows of 10cm, the atmospheric blowing pipe is 7cm away from the ground, the pneumatic pickup part walks between cotton rows of 66cm, the distance between the pneumatic pickup part and the ground is 5cm, the belt on the pickup roller can be contacted with the ground, the spring tooth is not contacted with the ground, and the spring tooth is aligned with the cotton rows in the rotating process. The walking speed of the prototype was set to 20m/min and the rotational speed of the pick-up drum was set to 200 revolutions/min. The fan rotates, all cotton suction pipes generate enough negative pressure air flow to suck and pick cotton, and the cotton blowing pipes generate enough positive pressure air flow to blow cotton on the ground. The test results examined the clean rate of cotton left over on ground cotton and cotton plants. Experimental results show that the clean rate of the floor cotton is 87%, the clean rate of the residual cotton on cotton plants is 92%, and the harvesting requirement is met.
The picking and harvesting method of cotton left on the ground cotton and cotton plants in the patent can be referred to when cotton planted in other row spacing is harvested on the ground cotton and cotton plants left on the cotton.
The above list of detailed descriptions is only specific to practical embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but all equivalent embodiments or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for recovering floor cotton and cotton plants left behind is characterized in that: the cotton recycling device is characterized by comprising a frame, wherein a picking roller (2), a shield shell (3), a cotton collecting conveying belt (4), a pneumatic picking component (5) and a large cotton blowing pipe (6) are arranged on the frame, the picking roller (2) is a cylindrical body consisting of a plurality of picking targets (10), each picking target (10) comprises a circular tube (10-1), a spring tooth (10-2) and a belt (10-3), the spring tooth (10-2) and the belt (10-3) are fixedly arranged on the surface of the circular tube, and the length of the belt (10-3) is larger than that of the spring tooth (10-2); the protective cover shell (3) is arranged above the pick-up roller (2), the protective cover shell (3) is in an arc shape, and the first cotton suction pipe (3-1) is arranged on the protective cover shell (3); the cotton collecting and conveying device comprises a cotton collecting and conveying belt (4) positioned behind a picking roller (2), the plane of the cotton collecting and conveying belt (4) is parallel to the horizontal plane, two cotton collecting and conveying belts (4) are arranged at the middle positions of the two cotton collecting and conveying belts (4), a cotton supporting and sucking pipe II (8) is arranged at the middle position of the two cotton collecting and conveying belts (4), a pneumatic picking part (5) is arranged behind a frame, the pneumatic picking part (5) comprises a triangular branch frame (5-2) at the front end and a rear cotton collecting and sucking device, the rear cotton collecting and sucking device comprises a horizontally arranged cotton sucking plate (5-3) and a vertically arranged cotton blowing plate (5-4), the cotton sucking plate (5-3) and the cotton blowing plate (5-4) are connected to form a semi-enclosed cotton collecting area, a cotton supporting and sucking pipe III (5-1) capable of sucking materials in the cotton collecting area is arranged on the cotton blowing plate (5-3), a small cotton blowing pipe II (5-5) capable of blowing air into the cotton collecting area is arranged on the cotton blowing plate (5-4), the large cotton sucking pipe 6) is arranged at the front end of the cotton collecting and sucking pipe III (5-4) and is communicated with the cotton sucking pipe II (5-4) in the horizontal plane;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
A. the cotton picking drum rotates, the belt (10-3) rotates to lift the floor cotton, the spring teeth (10-2) rotate to peel off the residual cotton remained on the cotton column, the cotton is conveyed into the shield shell (3) by rotating the picking drum, and the cotton is collected by the first cotton supporting and sucking pipe (3-1);
B. the large cotton blowing pipes (6) are arranged in the narrow row spacing and blow cotton in the narrow row into the wide row;
C. the pneumatic pickup part (5) is provided with a cotton absorbing plate (5-3) and a cotton blowing plate (5-4) which are connected to form a semi-enclosed cotton collecting area, a small cotton blowing pipe (5-5) capable of blowing air into the cotton collecting area is arranged on the cotton blowing plate (5-4), air is blown into the cotton collecting area, and then cotton in the cotton collecting area is collected by utilizing a branch cotton absorbing pipe III (5-1) arranged on the cotton absorbing plate (5-3).
2. The method for recovering cotton from ground cotton and cotton plants left behind according to claim 1, wherein: cotton in the first branch cotton suction pipe (3-1), the second branch cotton suction pipe (8) and the third branch cotton suction pipe (5-1) enters the main cotton suction pipe (7) under the action of negative pressure air flow, and the cotton is collected through the main cotton suction pipe (7) and enters the cotton collecting box.
3. The method for recovering cotton from ground cotton and cotton plants left behind according to claim 1, wherein: the picking targets (10) are provided with 6-10 groups, the picking targets are combined to form a cylinder, the elastic teeth (10-2) and the belts (10-3) arranged on each group of picking targets (10) are arranged at intervals, namely, one group of elastic teeth (10-2) is arranged, then one group of belts (10-3) is arranged, and the number of the elastic teeth (10-2) and the number of the belts (10-3) are 2-5.
4. The method for recovering cotton from ground cotton and cotton plants left behind according to claim 1, wherein: the spring tooth (10-2) on the pick-up target (10) is made of metal material; and/or the belt (10-3) on the pick-up target (10) is made of canvas or rubber.
5. The method for recovering cotton from ground cotton and cotton plants left behind according to claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the elastic teeth (10-2) and the connecting line of the axes of the round tube (10-1) and the rotation axis of the pick-up roller (2) is 0-60 degrees.
6. The method for recovering cotton from ground cotton and cotton plants left behind according to claim 1, wherein: the axes of the belt (10-3) and the round tube (10-1) are parallel to the connecting line of the rotation axis of the pick-up roller (2).
7. The method for recovering cotton from ground cotton and cotton plants left behind according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the first cotton suction pipes (3-1) arranged on the shield shell (3) is 3-5, and the first cotton suction pipes are round.
8. The method for recovering cotton from ground cotton and cotton plants left behind according to claim 1, wherein: the cotton suction pipe I (3-1) arranged on the shield shell (3) is positioned at the front end of the shield shell (3), and an included angle between the axis of the cotton suction pipe I (3-1) and a vertical line is 30-60 degrees.
9. The method for recovering cotton from ground cotton and cotton plants left behind according to claim 1, wherein: the pneumatic picking component (5) is characterized in that the number of small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) is 3-10, the small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) are uniformly distributed on the cotton blowing plate (5-4), the included angle between the small cotton blowing pipes (5-5) and the horizontal plane is 0-30 degrees, the small cotton blowing pipes are inclined downwards, and the aperture is 5-20mm.
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| CN202210217161.0A CN114514826B (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2022-03-07 | Device and method for recycling floor cotton and cotton plant left cotton |
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| CN202210217161.0A CN114514826B (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2022-03-07 | Device and method for recycling floor cotton and cotton plant left cotton |
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| CN115004951A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-06 | 石河子大学 | Mechanical and pneumatic cooperative amplitude modulation pickup method |
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| CN114514826A (en) | 2022-05-20 |
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