CN114513173A - Radio frequency power amplifier and application thereof - Google Patents
Radio frequency power amplifier and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/42—Modifications of amplifiers to extend the bandwidth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/195—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/211—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/213—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a radio frequency power amplifier comprising: the input power divider is used for performing power distribution on the radio frequency input signal and outputting a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal; the first signal amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the first radio-frequency signal to obtain a first radio-frequency signal after power amplification; the first directional coupler is used for coupling the second radio frequency signal to obtain a through radio frequency signal and a coupled radio frequency signal; the second signal amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the through radio frequency signal and the coupling radio frequency signal to obtain the through radio frequency signal and the coupling radio frequency signal after power amplification; and the IPD module is used for carrying out phase adjustment on the through radio-frequency signal after power amplification, carrying out power synthesis on the through radio-frequency signal after phase adjustment, the coupling radio-frequency signal after power amplification and the first radio-frequency signal after power amplification, and outputting a radio-frequency output signal. The present disclosure also provides an application of the radio frequency power amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of power amplifiers, in particular to a high-temperature superconducting resonator, a filter and application thereof.
Background
The power amplifier (power amplifier) is used as a key device for amplifying signals in the radio frequency front end, plays an extremely important role in a communication transceiver, and the main design difficulty of the current power amplifier is how to realize broadband efficient performance indexes. The difficulty of high efficiency index is mainly that in order to obtain high frequency utilization rate in modern communication standards, high-order modulation signals with high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) are usually used, and therefore, high efficiency still needs to be achieved in a high back-off range.
The conventional class AB linear power Amplifier can only obtain high efficiency near saturation power, and cannot meet the current requirement for high back-off, and the current solution to this problem mainly includes two major classes, namely, a Doherty and Load Balanced power Amplifier (LMBA) architecture based on a Load modulation principle and an envelope tracking technique (ET) based on a voltage modulation principle, where the envelope tracking technique mainly extracts a power supply voltage from an adaptive regulation power Amplifier by extracting an envelope of an input signal, but this technique is affected by a power supply modulation bandwidth and is difficult to adapt to the requirement of a current broadband modulation signal. The Doherty architecture is a power amplifier architecture widely adopted at present, but the bandwidth is still limited to a certain extent under the influence of a quarter-wavelength line of an output matching network. Aiming at the problems of the two high-efficiency architectures, a power amplifier architecture of the LMBA is required to be provided, and high backspacing efficiency can be realized in a wide bandwidth range.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a radio frequency power amplifier and an application thereof, aiming at realizing a high performance radio frequency LMBA power amplifier.
A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a radio frequency power amplifier comprising: the input power divider is used for performing power distribution on the radio frequency input signal and outputting a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal; the input end of the first signal amplifier is connected with the first output end of the input power divider and used for amplifying the power of the first radio-frequency signal to obtain a first radio-frequency signal after power amplification; a first input end of the first directional coupler is connected with a second output end of the input power divider, and a second input end of the first directional coupler is grounded through a load resistor and is used for coupling the second radio-frequency signal to obtain a through radio-frequency signal and a coupled radio-frequency signal; a first input end of the first signal amplifier is connected with a first output end of the first directional coupler, and a second input end of the first signal amplifier is connected with a second output end of the first directional coupler and used for amplifying the power of the through radio-frequency signal and the power of the coupling radio-frequency signal to obtain the power-amplified through radio-frequency signal and the power-amplified coupling radio-frequency signal; and the IPD module is connected with a first input end of the second signal amplifier, a second input end of the IPD module is connected with a second output end of the second signal amplifier, and a third input end of the IPD module is connected with an output end of the first signal amplifier, and is used for carrying out phase adjustment on the through radio-frequency signal after power amplification, carrying out power synthesis on the through radio-frequency signal after phase adjustment, the coupling radio-frequency signal after power amplification and the first radio-frequency signal after power amplification, and outputting a radio-frequency output signal.
Further, the IPD module comprises: the input end of the first OMN module is connected with the first output end of the second signal amplifier and is used for carrying out load conjugate matching on the through radio-frequency signal after power amplification; the input end of the second OMN module is connected with the second output end of the second signal amplifier and is used for carrying out load conjugate matching on the coupled radio-frequency signal after power amplification; the input end of the third OMN module is connected with the output end of the first signal amplifier and is used for carrying out load conjugate matching on the first radio-frequency signal after power amplification; and a first input end, a second input end and a third input end of the second directional coupler are respectively connected with output ends of the first OMN module, the second OMN module and the third OMN module, and are used for performing power synthesis on output signals of the first OMN module, the second OMN module and the third OMN module and outputting radio frequency output signals.
Further, the IPD module is connected to the first signal amplifier and the second signal amplifier through bonding wires, respectively.
Further, the second signal amplifier includes: the input end of the first power amplifier balancer is connected with the first output end of the first directional coupler and used for amplifying the power of the through radio-frequency signal to obtain a power-amplified through radio-frequency signal; and the input end of the second power amplifier balancer is connected with the second output end of the first directional coupler and is used for amplifying the power of the coupled radio-frequency signal to obtain a power-amplified coupled radio-frequency signal.
Further, an input end of the first power amplifier balancer is connected with a first output end of the first directional coupler, and is used for amplifying the power of the coupled radio-frequency signal to obtain a power-amplified coupled radio-frequency signal; and the input end of the second power amplifier balancer is connected with the second output end of the first directional coupler and is used for amplifying the power of the through radio-frequency signal to obtain the power-amplified through radio-frequency signal.
Furthermore, the first signal amplifier is a power amplifier regulator.
Further, the operating state of the radio frequency power amplifier includes: a fallback or non-fallback area; when the radio frequency power amplifier works in a non-back-off region, the first signal amplifier is in an open circuit state, and the IPD module is used for carrying out phase adjustment and power synthesis on an output signal of the second signal amplifier; when the radio frequency power amplifier works in a back-off region, the first signal amplifier is in a closed state, and the IPD module is used for carrying out phase adjustment and power synthesis on output signals of the first signal amplifier and the second signal amplifier.
Further, when the radio frequency power amplifier operates in a back-off region, the output signal of the first signal amplifier is also used for modulating the load impedance of the second signal amplifier.
Further, the load impedance of the second signal amplifier is proportional to the amplitude of the output signal of the first signal amplifier.
Further, the first directional coupler and the second directional coupler are Lange directional couplers.
Further, the coupling ports and the through ports of the first directional coupler and the second directional coupler are arranged oppositely.
Further, the first rf signal and the second rf signal are rf signals with different amplitudes.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides a use of the radio frequency power amplifier provided in the first aspect of the present disclosure in a radar receiver and a wireless communication system.
The input end of the radio frequency power amplifier distributes part of power to a control power amplifier through a Wilkinson power divider, so that a CPA does not need an independent path of radio frequency input signal, and an output matching circuit is integrally realized through an IPD module, thereby not only meeting the requirement of integration miniaturization, but also greatly improving the performance and the design flexibility.
Drawings
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 schematically illustrates a structural schematic diagram of a radio frequency power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 schematically illustrates a structural schematic of a directional coupler structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 schematically illustrates a structural diagram of an IPD module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 schematically shows an overall structure diagram of a power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It is noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
In the traditional structure of the traditional LMBA power amplifier, the traditional LMBA power amplifier comprises three power amplifiers, namely two paths of balanced power amplifiers BPA and one path of controlled power amplifier CPA. The BPA is biased to be in a deep AB type, the CPA is biased to be in a C type, the input end and the output end of the CPA are respectively provided with two directional couplers for power synthesis and power distribution, the two paths of BPA are completely the same, the CPA is used for modulating the load of the balance power amplifier in a backspacing area, and the amplitude and the phase of the CPA are controlled to influence the amplitude and the phase of the load of the BPA. For two paths of balanced power amplifiers BPA, because two paths of output ports of the bridge have 90-degree phase difference, in-phase synthesis of power can be realized through the two directional couplers, and the power of the CPA is controlled to be finally output to a load. Therefore, compared to the Doherty two-path power combining architecture, the LMBA power amplifier can obtain corresponding power using three-path combining. The bandwidth of the LMBA is theoretically limited only by the bandwidth of the directional coupler, which has the potential for broadband applications because the bandwidth of the directional coupler can be made very wide.
Because the LMBA can realize high backspacing efficiency, the working state of the LMBA power amplifier can be divided into a low-power area and a high-power area, the low-power area only has a balanced power amplifier BPA to work, and the CPA is in C-type bias, so the CPA is switched off, and the port is in an open-circuit state. Suppose the characteristic impedance of the bridge is Z0The current passing through the balanced power amplifier BPA is IbThe current passing through the CPA of the control power amplifier is IcNote that I iscIs a complex number containing phase information, andbcan be considered real for ease of calculation. Balancing the load impedance seen by the power amplifier BPA in the low power region to be Z0Can be substituted by Z0The loss of the matching network is reduced for designing as the optimal impedance point of the back-off region.
If Z is0And if the impedance can not be met, an additional matching network can be added at the output position of the balance power amplifier BPA to perform impedance transformation. In a high-power area, the power amplifier CPA is controlled to be opened to modulate the balance power amplifier BPA load, and the load impedance of the power amplifier CPA port is controlled to be Z0And the load impedance of the BPA port of the balanced power amplifier is
Thus by controlling IcThe amplitude and the phase can realize the port impedance control of the balanced power amplifier BPA, and the corresponding backspacing range can be realized by reasonably adjusting the current ratio.
The LMBA architecture is currently mainly applied to low frequency bands, such as board-level LMBA and integrated LMBA, but the conventional LMBA application still has some defects, mainly reflected in: 1) and the CPA needs independent radio frequency input, and because the LMBA is a three-way synthesized structure, radio frequency signals are distributed by an electric bridge and then amplified by two paths of balanced power amplifiers BPA. For controlling the power amplifier CPA, because the phase and the amplitude of the output current of the power amplifier CPA need to be flexibly controlled, a single path of radio frequency input signal is needed to control the power amplifier CPA, so that a lot of inconvenience is brought to the actual use process, and two paths of independent radio frequency signal input are difficult to generate in the actual application process. 2) The plate-level LMBA high-frequency application is limited, and the size is too large; the integrated LMBA design has low flexibility, small bandwidth, high loss and high cost. For LMBA architecture, bandwidth is limited mainly by directional coupler, theoretically board level uses commercial bridge to complete directional coupler function, and commercial bridge bandwidth can be very wide, however, most of LMBA architecture is realized by multi-level bridge, loss of multi-level bridge is large, which affects efficiency seriously. In addition, as the parasitic of the board-level power amplifier is relatively serious, the application and the performance of the LMBA in high frequency are limited, and along with the rise of communication frequency, the integration and miniaturization are the development trend of the future power amplifier. The main difficulty for integrating LMBA solutions is cost considerations and insufficient design flexibility.
Finally, the design of the matching circuit for power amplifier in output matching can be usually completed by using commercial lumped elements to match with microstrip lines on the substrate, but the problem of this method is that the commercial elements themselves are expensive, have certain deviation in value and are sensitive to parasitic effects, and this method can be adopted for low-frequency design generally. The integration of high frequency power amplifiers is a trend, and therefore, most of the high frequency power amplifiers are completed by adopting a Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit (MMIC) mode, the mode has the defects of higher cost and insufficient design flexibility, and is influenced by a tape-out period, and a scheme of each version needs a large amount of time to complete verification. The key point in the design of the power amplifier circuit is the design of an output matching circuit, which is a decisive factor for determining whether the power amplifier can achieve the expected performance, and the general fully integrated output matching circuit has a low flexibility due to a small metal layer and is integrated with an active area, so that a large amount of layout area is wasted if a plurality of matching circuits are designed, and another hybrid integration solution, namely an Integrated Passive Device (IPD) solution, is provided for the problem. The principle of this solution is that the process does not include the layer structure of the active region, only the required metal and dielectric layers of the output matching circuit. The scheme meets the requirement of integrated miniaturization, greatly improves the flexibility of design and saves cost. Also the metal layer of the IPD is thicker, so a hybrid integration scheme can be considered for use in LMBA.
In view of the above problem, the present disclosure provides a radio frequency power amplifier, including: the input power divider is used for performing power distribution on the radio frequency input signal and outputting a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal; the input end of the first signal amplifier is connected with the first output end of the input power divider and used for amplifying the power of the first radio-frequency signal to obtain a first radio-frequency signal after power amplification; a first input end of the first directional coupler is connected with a second output end of the input power divider, and a second input end of the first directional coupler is grounded through a load resistor and is used for coupling the second radio-frequency signal to obtain a through radio-frequency signal and a coupled radio-frequency signal; a first input end of the first signal amplifier is connected with a first output end of the first directional coupler, and a second input end of the first signal amplifier is connected with a second output end of the first directional coupler and used for amplifying the power of the through radio-frequency signal and the power of the coupling radio-frequency signal to obtain the power-amplified through radio-frequency signal and the power-amplified coupling radio-frequency signal; and the IPD module is connected with a first input end of the second signal amplifier, a second input end of the IPD module is connected with a second output end of the second signal amplifier, and a third input end of the IPD module is connected with an output end of the first signal amplifier, and is used for carrying out phase adjustment on the through radio-frequency signal after power amplification, carrying out power synthesis on the through radio-frequency signal after phase adjustment, the coupling radio-frequency signal after power amplification and the first radio-frequency signal after power amplification, and outputting a radio-frequency output signal.
According to the radio frequency power amplifier and the application thereof provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the input end of the radio frequency power amplifier distributes a part of power to the control power amplifier through the Wilkinson power divider, so that the CPA of the control power amplifier does not need an independent path of radio frequency input signal, the whole output matching circuit is realized through the IPD module, the requirement of integration miniaturization is met, and the performance and the design flexibility are greatly improved.
The technical solution of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to a schematic structural diagram of a radio frequency power amplifier in a specific embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the radio frequency power amplifier structures shown in fig. 1-4 are exemplary to help those skilled in the art understand the technical solution of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a structural schematic diagram of a radio frequency power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the rf power amplifier 100 includes: the power divider 10, the first signal amplifier 20, the first directional coupler 30, the second signal amplifier 40, and the IPD module 50.
An input power divider 10 for dividing the RF input signal RFin, performing power distribution and outputting a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the input power divider 10 may be, for example, a wilkinson power divider, one end of which is used for accessing a radio frequency input signal RFinAnd applying the radio frequency input signal RFinAnd performing power distribution according to a preset proportion, and outputting a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal. For example, the preset ratio may be any ratio, and preferably, the output amplitudes of the first rf signal and the second rf signal are different.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the radio frequency input signal RF is divided by the wilkinson power divider 10inThe power amplifier is distributed to the balance power amplifier BPA and the control power amplifier CPA, so that an extra path of radio frequency input signal is avoided, and the compatibility of the LMBA radio frequency power amplifier is greatly improved.
The input end of the first signal amplifier 20 is connected to the first output end of the input power divider 10, and is configured to amplify the power of the first radio frequency signal, so as to obtain a power-amplified first radio frequency signal.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first signal amplifier 20 may be, for example, a power amplifier CPA for amplifying the power of the first radio frequency signal, and modulating the load of a balanced power amplifier BPA to obtain the power-amplified first radio frequency signal.
A first input end of the first directional coupler 30 is connected to a second output end of the input power divider 10, and a second input end of the first directional coupler is grounded through a load resistor R, and is configured to couple the second radio-frequency signal to obtain a through radio-frequency signal and a coupled radio-frequency signal.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2, the first directional coupler 30 may be a 90 ° Lange directional coupler 30, which includes four ports, such as an input port 301, a through port 302, a coupled port 303, and an isolated port 304. Specifically, the through port 302 is configured to directly output the through rf signal from the second rf signal, and the coupling port 303 is configured to output the coupling rf signal after the phase of the second rf signal is adjusted by 90 °. It should be noted that the positions of the input port 301, the through port 302, the coupling port 303, and the isolation port 304 are only exemplary, and the embodiment of the disclosure is not limited thereto.
For example, referring to fig. 1, a first input terminal of the first directional coupler 30 connected to the second output terminal of the input power divider 10 is an input port 301, a second input terminal grounded through the load resistor R is an isolation port 304, and a first output terminal and a second output terminal respectively connected to the input terminals of the second signal amplifier 40 are a through port 302 or a coupling port 303 respectively.
A first input end of the second signal amplifier 40 is connected to the first output end of the first directional coupler 30, and a second input end of the second signal amplifier is connected to the second output end of the first directional coupler 30, and is configured to amplify the power of the through radio frequency signal and the power of the coupling radio frequency signal, so as to obtain the power-amplified through radio frequency signal and the power-amplified coupling radio frequency signal.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second signal amplifier 40 may include two paths of power amplifier balancers, which are a first power amplifier balancer 401 and a second power amplifier balancer 402, respectively, where the first power amplifier balancer 401 and the second power amplifier balancer 402 are balanced power amplifiers BPA with the same structure.
Specifically, the input end of the first power amplifier balancer 401 is connected to the through port of the first directional coupler 30, and is configured to amplify the power of the through radio frequency signal to obtain a power-amplified through radio frequency signal; the input end of the second power amplifier balancer 402 is connected to the coupling port of the first directional coupler 30, and is configured to amplify the power of the coupled radio frequency signal, so as to obtain a power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal. Or, the input end of the first power amplifier balancer 401 is connected to the coupling port of the first directional coupler 30, and is configured to amplify the power of the coupled radio frequency signal, so as to obtain a power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal; the input end of the second power amplifier balancer 402 is connected to the through port of the first directional coupler 30, and is configured to amplify the power of the through rf signal to obtain a power-amplified through rf signal.
The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the setting positions of the first power amplifier balancer 401 and the second power amplifier balancer 402, and only the following through port and coupling port of the second directional coupler 504 and the following through port and coupling port of the first directional coupler 30 need to be set oppositely.
The IPD module 50 has a first input end connected to the first output end of the second signal amplifier 40, a second input end connected to the second output end of the second signal amplifier 40, and a third input end connected to the output end of the first signal amplifier 20, and is configured to perform phase adjustment on the power-amplified direct radio frequency signal, perform power synthesis on the phase-adjusted direct radio frequency signal, the power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal, and the power-amplified first radio frequency signal, and output a radio frequency output signal.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in fig. 3, the IPD module 50 specifically includes: a first OMN module 501, a second OMN module 502, a third OMN module 503, and a second directional coupler 504.
An input end of the first OMN module 501 is connected to a first output end of the second signal amplifier 40, and is configured to perform load conjugate matching on the power-amplified through radio frequency signal. Specifically, an input end of the first OMN module 501 may be connected to an output end of the first power amplifier balancer 401, and configured to perform load conjugate matching on the through radio frequency signal after power amplification; or, the input end of the first OMN module 501 may be further connected to the output end of the second power amplifier balancer 402, and configured to perform load conjugate matching on the power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal.
A second OMN module 502, an input end of which is connected to the second output end of the second signal amplifier 40, is configured to perform load conjugate matching on the power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal. Specifically, an input end of the second OMN module 502 may be connected to an output end of the second power amplifier balancer 402, and configured to perform load conjugate matching on the power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal; or, the input end of the second OMN module 502 may be further connected to the output end of the first power amplifier balancer 401, and configured to perform load conjugate matching on the power-amplified direct radio frequency signal.
A third OMN module 503, an input end of which is connected to the output end of the first signal amplifier 20, is configured to perform load conjugate matching on the power-amplified first radio frequency signal. Specifically, the input end of the third OMN module 503 is connected to the output end of the control power amplifier CPA20, and the load conjugate matching is performed on the output signal of the control power amplifier CPA 20.
A second directional coupler 504, a first input end, a second input end and a third input end of which are respectively connected with the output ends of the first OMN module 501, the second OMN module 502 and the third OMN module 503, for performing phase adjustment on the power-amplified through radio frequency signal, performing power synthesis on the phase-adjusted through radio frequency signal, the power-amplified coupling radio frequency signal and the power-amplified first radio frequency signal, and outputting a radio frequency output signal RFout。
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second directional coupler 504 and the first directional coupler 30 may adopt 90 ° directional couplers with the same structure, for example, 90 ° Lange directional couplers, and the like, and only the through ports and the coupling ports of the second directional coupler 504 and the first directional coupler 30 need to be arranged oppositely.
For example, if the input end of the first power amplifier balancer 401 is connected to the through port of the first directional coupler 30, the output end of the first power amplifier balancer 401 passes through the first OMN module 501 and then is connected to the coupling port of the second directional coupler 504, the input end of the second power amplifier balancer 402 is connected to the coupling port of the first directional coupler 30, the output end of the second power amplifier balancer 402 passes through the second OMN module 502 and then is connected to the through port of the second directional coupler 504, at this time, the coupling port of the second directional coupler 504 is connected to the first OMN module 501, the through port thereof is connected to the second OMN module 502, the isolation port is connected to the third OMN module 503, and the other port is an RFout output port. On the contrary, if the input end of the first power amplifier balancer 401 is connected to the coupling port of the first directional coupler 30, the output end of the first power amplifier balancer 401 passes through the first OMN module 501 and then is connected to the through port of the second directional coupler 504, the input end of the second power amplifier balancer 402 is connected to the through port of the first directional coupler 30, the output end of the second power amplifier balancer 402 passes through the second OMN module 502 and then is connected to the coupling port of the second directional coupler 504, at this time, the through port of the second directional coupler 504 is connected to the first OMN module 501, the coupling port thereof is connected to the second OMN module 502, the isolation port is connected to the third OMN module 503, and the other port is an RFout output port. Based on the setting, the signals passing through the secondary directional coupler can keep the same phase.
Specifically, the operating states of the rf power amplifier 100 include: a fallback or non-fallback area; when the rf power amplifier 100 operates in the non-back-off region, the first signal amplifier 20 is in an open circuit state, and the IPD module 50 is configured to perform phase adjustment and power synthesis on the output signal of the second signal amplifier 40; when the rf power amplifier 100 operates in the back-off region, the first signal amplifier 20 is in a closed state, and the IPD module 50 is used to perform phase adjustment and power combining on the output signals of the first signal amplifier 20 and the second signal amplifier 40. And when the rf power amplifier 100 operates in the back-off region, the output signal of the first signal amplifier 20 is also used to modulate the load impedance of the second signal amplifier 40. In addition, according to
The load impedance of the second signal amplifier 40 is proportional to the amplitude of the signal output by the first signal amplifier 20.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the input part outputs a part of radio frequency input signals to the control power amplifier CPA20 through the wilkinson power divider 10, and the control power amplifier CPA20 is in a class C bias, so the control power amplifier CPA20 is still in a cut-off state in a low power region, and compared with a traditional two-way radio frequency input LMBA, the difference is that the gain of the LMBA is slightly lower, and the lower part is used for controlling the power amplifier CPA 20. In the high power region, the power distribution ratio of the wilkinson power divider 10 needs to be determined so that the power amplifier CPA20 is controlled to output corresponding power to complete load modulation of the balanced power amplifier BPA. In addition, the control of the phase of the power amplifier CPA20 also has an influence on load modulation, so in some other embodiments, an additional phase shift compensation network needs to be added before the control of the power amplifier CPA20 branch. The power distribution ratio of the wilkinson power divider 10 is mainly determined and optimized according to the backoff range, and the phase can be determined in the following steps, that is, a value with the best comprehensive performance can be obtained by scanning in one period.
As shown in fig. 4, the output part of the power amplifier uses an IPD module 50 to complete the matching of the passive output network. Generally, the active region and the input matching network are mostly integrated because the input impedance is low, the matching network is sensitive, and the input has less influence on the performance. Even the packaged transistor model mostly has a pre-matching circuit to transform the low input impedance to a higher impedance to reduce the input sensitivity, so the input circuit does not use the IPD module. The connection between the output matching circuit and the transistor is mainly completed through the bonding wire 60, and a corresponding pad needs to be reserved on the output position of the transistor and the IPD module 50, and this part of the bonding wire 60 is designed to be absorbed into the matching network as a part of output matching.
Because the IPD has no active area, the power amplifier structure is much simpler than the process with integrated transistors, and additional metal layers are added, so the advantages of designing the matching circuit are obvious, and they are mainly reflected in: under the condition of more metal layers, the design flexibility of the IPD module 50 is very high, and the design of a more complex structure can be performed; the IPD module 50 has the advantages of low cost in process, high advantages in design and production, and can be used for making a matching scheme of multiple versions during design and selecting the optimal version, so that the development period is shortened, and the iteration speed is accelerated; the design of the LMBA power amplifier uses the IPD module 50 as an output matching circuit, compared with the traditional full-integration scheme, the size is basically not increased, metal layers are increased, the thickness is improved, the loss is reduced, and when the directional coupler is designed, the Lange coupler with a broadband can be used by using the IPD module 50, so that the problem of board-level processing precision is solved.
In addition, the output part of the power amplifier adopts the IPD module 50 to complete the matching of the passive output network, and the bandwidth of the coupler is greatly expanded through the arrangement of the 90-degree directional coupler. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, both the first directional coupler 30 and the second directional coupler 504 employ Lange couplers, which have a very wide bandwidth, and in order to implement strong coupling, the line width and the line distance are both small, so that due to the problem of processing precision, the board-level power amplifier generally cannot employ such a structure. But the implementation of such a structure using the IPD module 50 is simple and the interconnection of the coupled lines 60 can be implemented by vias.
The radio frequency power amplifier provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has a simple and more compact structure, is easy to manufacture, and has very obvious advantages in compatibility, cost, performance and development period compared with the traditional LMBA power amplifier.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides an application of the rf power amplifier shown in the above embodiments to a radar receiver and a wireless communication system.
It should be noted that, the resonator and the filter provided in the present disclosure are described in detail in the above embodiments, which do not limit the resonator and the filter of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and in other practical applications, some components in the resonator may be replaced by other structures, for example, the shape of the spiral structure is not limited to the rectangular microstrip bar, and may also be configured by a circular arc segment microstrip bar.
While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations and/or combinations of features recited in the various embodiments of the disclosure and/or in the claims can be made to the fullest extent possible, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly recited in the present disclosure. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments of the present disclosure and/or the claims may be made without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or associations are within the scope of the present disclosure.
While the disclosure has been shown and described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the above-described embodiments, but should be defined not only by the appended claims, but also by equivalents thereof.
Claims (13)
1. A radio frequency power amplifier, comprising:
the input power divider (10) is used for performing power distribution on a radio frequency input signal and outputting a first radio frequency signal and a second radio frequency signal;
the input end of the first signal amplifier (20) is connected with the first output end of the input power divider (10) and is used for amplifying the power of the first radio-frequency signal to obtain a first radio-frequency signal after power amplification;
a first input end of the first directional coupler (30) is connected with a second output end of the input power divider (10), and a second input end of the first directional coupler is grounded through a load resistor and is used for coupling the second radio-frequency signal to obtain a through radio-frequency signal and a coupled radio-frequency signal;
a second signal amplifier (40), a first input end of which is connected to the first output end of the first directional coupler (30), and a second input end of which is connected to the second output end of the first directional coupler (30), for amplifying the power of the through radio frequency signal and the power of the coupling radio frequency signal, so as to obtain a power-amplified through radio frequency signal and a power-amplified coupling radio frequency signal;
an IPD module (50), a first input end of which is connected to a first output end of the second signal amplifier (40), a second input end of which is connected to a second output end of the second signal amplifier (40), and a third input end of which is connected to an output end of the first signal amplifier (20), for performing phase adjustment on the power-amplified direct radio frequency signal, performing power synthesis on the phase-adjusted direct radio frequency signal, the power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal, and the power-amplified first radio frequency signal, and outputting a radio frequency output signal.
2. The radio frequency power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the IPD module (50) comprises:
a first OMN module (501), an input end of which is connected to a first output end of the second signal amplifier (40), and configured to perform load conjugate matching on the power-amplified through radio frequency signal;
a second OMN module (502), an input end of which is connected to a second output end of the second signal amplifier (40), for performing load conjugate matching on the power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal;
a third OMN module (503), an input end of which is connected to an output end of the first signal amplifier (20), and configured to perform load conjugate matching on the power-amplified first radio frequency signal;
and a second directional coupler (504), a first input end, a second input end and a third input end of which are respectively connected with output ends of the first OMN module (501), the second OMN module (502) and the third OMN module (503), and are used for performing power synthesis on output signals of the first OMN module (501), the second OMN module (502) and the third OMN module (503) and outputting a radio frequency output signal.
3. The radio frequency power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the IPD module (50) is connected to the first signal amplifier (20) and the second signal amplifier (40) by bonding wires (60), respectively.
4. The radio frequency power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the second signal amplifier (40) comprises:
the input end of the first power amplifier balancer (401) is connected with the first output end of the first directional coupler (30) and is used for amplifying the power of the through radio-frequency signal to obtain a power-amplified through radio-frequency signal;
and the input end of the second power amplifier balancer (402) is connected with the second output end of the first directional coupler (30) and is used for amplifying the power of the coupled radio-frequency signal to obtain a power-amplified coupled radio-frequency signal.
5. The radio frequency power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the second signal amplifier (40) comprises:
a first power amplifier balancer (401), an input end of which is connected with a first output end of the first directional coupler (30), and is used for amplifying the power of the coupled radio frequency signal to obtain a power-amplified coupled radio frequency signal;
and the input end of the second power amplifier balancer (402) is connected with the second output end of the first directional coupler (30) and is used for amplifying the power of the through radio-frequency signal to obtain the power-amplified through radio-frequency signal.
6. The radio frequency power amplifier according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first signal amplifier (20) is a power amplifier regulator.
7. The RF power amplifier of claim 6, wherein the operating state of the RF power amplifier comprises: a fallback or non-fallback area; wherein,
when the radio frequency power amplifier works in a non-back-off region, the first signal amplifier (20) is in an open circuit state, and the IPD module (50) is used for carrying out phase adjustment and power synthesis on an output signal of the second signal amplifier (40);
when the radio frequency power amplifier works in a backspacing region, the first signal amplifier (20) is in a closed state, and the IPD module (50) is used for carrying out phase adjustment and power synthesis on output signals of the first signal amplifier (20) and the second signal amplifier (40).
8. The rf power amplifier of claim 7, wherein the output signal of the first signal amplifier (20) is further used to modulate a load impedance of the second signal amplifier (40) when the rf power amplifier is operating in a back-off region.
9. The radio frequency power amplifier of claim 7, wherein the load impedance of the second signal amplifier (40) is proportional to the magnitude of the output signal of the first signal amplifier (20).
10. The rf power amplifier of claim 2, wherein the first directional coupler (30) and the second directional coupler (504) are Lange directional couplers.
11. The radio frequency power amplifier of claim 10, wherein the coupling ports and pass-through ports of the first directional coupler (30) and the second directional coupler (504) are oppositely disposed.
12. The RF power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first RF signal and the second RF signal are RF signals with different amplitudes.
13. Use of a radio frequency power amplifier according to any of claims 1 to 12 in a communication transceiver and a communication system.
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