CN114509806A

CN114509806A - Diffracted wave imaging method based on azimuth angle-time difference gather and related equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114509806A
Application number: CN202210044501.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李正伟; 张剑锋
Original assignee: Southwest University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Southwest University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2022-01-14
Filing date: 2022-01-14
Publication date: 2022-05-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth angle-time difference gather and related equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: generating an azimuth angle-time difference gather according to the acquired seismic data; detecting the type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth angle-time difference gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object and a crack diffracted wave generated by a crack line diffracted object; and imaging the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the crack diffracted waves to obtain corresponding imaging results. According to the method, the type of the diffracted wave is detected based on the azimuth-time difference gather, the diffracted wave is determined to be generated by the point diffracted object, the fault line diffracted object and/or the crack line diffracted object, and the imaging result of the point diffracted wave, the fault line diffracted wave and/or the crack line diffracted wave can be obtained, so that the type of the diffracted wave is accurately distinguished, and a clear imaging result of the diffracted wave can be obtained.

Description

Diffracted wave imaging method based on azimuth angle-time difference gather and related equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather and related equipment.

Background

Current seismic surveys have dominated reflected longitudinal wave surveys, and over the past few decades, reflected wave surveys dominated structural imaging have met with great success in large scale geologic survey, however reflected wave surveys are limited by classical rayleigh resolution guidelines. Seismic exploration has now gradually shifted from structural exploration to lithological and fine exploration. With the development of oil and gas field exploration and development, people pay more and more attention to the detection of small-scale geologic bodies, such as geologic bodies with small breakpoints, sharp vanishing points, small fault blocks, karst caves, cracks and the like which are close to one wavelength or less than one wavelength. Diffracted waves are the seismic response of these discrete bodies, comparable to seismic wavelengths, and therefore diffracted wave imaging has resolution capabilities exceeding one-half wavelength of the rayleigh criterion.

In conventional seismic data processing (NMO (motion correction), superposition, etc.), diffracted waves are often suppressed as noise because they have different kinematic characteristics from reflected waves. In addition, the energy of diffracted waves in seismic data is usually one to two orders of magnitude weaker than the energy of reflected waves, and even if the diffracted waves and the reflected waves are accurately shifted and returned at the same time, the diffracted waves and the reflected waves are still covered by the reflected waves. With the intensive research on diffracted wave imaging, different diffracted wave imaging methods have been proposed in succession, the core of which is the separation of the reflected and diffracted wave fields, which are then imaged separately.

Based on the diffraction wave field separation and extraction method, the commonly used diffraction wave imaging method can be divided into two types. A diffraction wave imaging method in a data field is characterized in that related diffraction wave homophasic axes are picked up based on fine diffraction wave travel time description in the data field, or plane wave decomposition, Radon filtering and other methods are applied to separate diffraction wave fields by utilizing different kinematic characteristics of diffraction waves and reflected waves, but the method has great difficulty in realizing correct separation of the diffraction wave fields under the condition that the reflected waves and the diffraction waves interfere. The other method is an offset domain diffracted wave imaging method, which suppresses the reflected wave energy in a Fresnel zone (a wave front when a spherical wave emitted by a seismic source at a ground point arrives at an interface and a circle formed by another wave front which arrives earlier at 1/4 wavelengths away from the front surface is called a first Fresnel zone) by a phase inversion filter or an offset gather (a collection of seismic traces), thereby realizing diffracted wave imaging. The diffraction wave imaging method based on the dip domain offset gather is an effective method, the forms of reflected waves and diffraction waves on the dip domain gather are obviously different, and diffraction wave imaging can be realized by suppressing the energy of the reflected waves in a Fresnel zone. However, the currently developed diffracted wave imaging methods based on dip domain offset gathers are mostly two-dimensional methods. In three dimensions, the dip domain fresnel zone varies with offset and azimuth, and this type of approach does not distinguish between common important three-dimensional diffractor types (hole equi-point diffractors). Therefore, the prior art has the problems that the reflected wave and the diffracted wave are difficult to separate, and the specific type of the three-dimensional diffracted object cannot be distinguished.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth angle-time difference gather and related equipment, so as to solve the technical problems that the specific type of a three-dimensional diffracted object cannot be accurately distinguished, the imaging energy of diffracted waves is weak and the like in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather comprises the following steps:

generating an azimuth angle-time difference gather according to the acquired seismic data;

detecting a type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth-time difference gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffracted object;

and imaging the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the fracture diffracted waves to obtain corresponding imaging results.

In the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-time difference gather, the azimuth-time difference gather is a set of all azimuth-time difference gathers, and each azimuth-time difference gather represents a time difference gather corresponding to each azimuth;

the azimuth in the azimuth-moveout gather is the azimuth on the time slice of the two-dimensional dip angle tangent gather;

and the time difference in the azimuth angle-time difference channel set is the vertical one-way time difference between any point on the same phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip angle tangent value channel set and the corresponding phase stabilization point.

In the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-moveout gather, the method for generating the azimuth-moveout gather according to the acquired seismic data comprises the following steps:

generating dip gathers along the survey line direction and perpendicular to the survey line direction based on the seismic data;

obtaining an inclination angle field along a measuring line direction and a vertical measuring line direction based on the inclination angle gather, and confirming a preset azimuth angle-time difference gather formula according to the inclination angle field;

determining a time difference weight function for cutting off reflected wave components in a Fresnel zone based on the frequency parameters of the seismic data;

and generating an azimuth angle-time difference gather based on the time difference weight function and the preset azimuth angle-time difference gather formula.

In the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-time difference gather, a type of a diffracted wave is detected based on the azimuth-time difference gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffracted object, and the method comprises the following steps:

determining a correlation coefficient set corresponding to the azimuth-time difference gather, wherein the correlation coefficient set is formed by a correlation coefficient set corresponding to each time depth and azimuth;

comparing the correlation coefficient of the time difference gather corresponding to each azimuth angle with a preset correlation coefficient in each time depth;

if the correlation coefficients of the time difference gather corresponding to all the azimuth angles are larger than the preset correlation coefficient, determining that point diffracted waves generated by point diffracted objects exist in the seismic data;

if the absolute values of the correlation coefficients of a pair of azimuth angle corresponding time difference gathers with a 180-degree difference are larger than the preset correlation coefficients and the correlation coefficient values are opposite signs, determining that fault diffracted waves generated by fault line diffracted objects exist in the seismic data;

and if the absolute values of the correlation coefficients of a pair of azimuth angle corresponding time difference gathers with a 180-degree difference are larger than the preset correlation coefficients and the values of the correlation coefficients are in the same sign, determining that fracture diffracted waves generated by fracture line diffracted objects exist in the seismic data.

In the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-time difference gather, the imaging processing is performed on the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the fracture diffracted waves to obtain corresponding imaging results, and the imaging method comprises the following steps:

if the point diffracted waves exist, directly imaging the azimuth angle-time difference gather along the azimuth dimension and the time difference dimension in a superposition mode to obtain an imaging result of the point diffracted waves;

if fault diffraction waves exist, dividing an azimuth angle-time difference gather into two azimuth angle areas according to azimuth information of the fault trend, overlapping the amplitude values of the two azimuth angle areas along an azimuth dimension and a time difference dimension respectively, and then subtracting the two azimuth angle areas to obtain an imaging result of the fault diffraction waves;

and if the fracture diffracted waves exist, directly superposing and imaging the azimuth angle-time difference gather along the azimuth dimension and the time difference dimension to obtain an imaging result of the fracture diffracted waves.

In the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-time difference gather, a type of a diffracted wave is detected based on the azimuth-time difference gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object, and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffracted object, and the method further comprises the following steps:

if the diffracted wave is determined to be generated by a wire-wound object, determining orientation information of the wire-wound object, wherein the wire-wound object comprises: fault line projectiles and fracture line projectiles.

In the method for forming diffracted wave based on azimuth-moveout gather, if it is determined that the diffracted wave is generated by a wire-wound object, determining azimuth information of the wire-wound object includes:

according to the line-winding wave generated by the line-winding object, the azimuth angle of the line-winding wave is calculated;

determining orientation information of fault line projectiles or fracture line projectiles based on the orientation angles; and the azimuth angle of the same-phase axis of the linear diffracted wave on the time slice of the azimuth angle-time difference gather is vertical to the azimuth information of the linear diffracted object.

A diffracted wave imaging system based on azimuthal-moveout gathers, comprising:

the acquisition generation module is used for generating an azimuth angle-time difference gather according to the acquired seismic data;

a detection determining module, configured to detect a type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth-moveout gather, where the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object, and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffracted object;

and the imaging module is used for carrying out imaging processing on the point diffracted wave, the fault diffracted wave and/or the fracture diffracted wave to obtain a corresponding imaging result.

A controller, the controller comprising: a memory, a processor and a diffraction wave imaging program based on an azimuth-moveout gather stored on the memory and operable on the processor, the diffraction wave imaging program based on an azimuth-moveout gather when executed by the processor implementing the steps of the method for diffraction wave imaging based on an azimuth-moveout gather as claimed above.

A computer readable storage medium storing an azimuth-moveout gather-based diffracted wave imaging program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the azimuth-moveout gather-based diffracted wave imaging method as described above.

Compared with the prior art, the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-moveout gather and the related equipment provided by the invention comprise the following steps: generating an azimuth angle-time difference gather according to the acquired seismic data; detecting the type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth-time difference gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object and a crack diffracted wave generated by a crack line diffracted object; and imaging the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the fracture diffracted waves to obtain corresponding imaging results. According to the method, the type of the diffracted wave is detected based on the azimuth-time difference gather, so that the diffracted wave is determined to be generated by the point diffracted object, the fault line diffracted object and/or the crack line diffracted object, and imaging results of the point diffracted wave, the fault line diffracted wave and/or the crack line diffracted wave can be obtained, so that the type of the diffracted wave is accurately distinguished, and clear imaging results of the diffracted wave can be obtained.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of step S100 in a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a flowchart of a step S200 in a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a flowchart of step S300 in a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional diffraction model used to generate forward simulation data;

FIG. 6 is a 2D dip angle gather (INLINE and CROSSLINE two dimensions) at CDP coordinates (2500 );

fig. 7 and 8 are time slices at 2.116s for a 2D dip angle gather at CDP coordinates (2500 ) and a corresponding 2D dip angle tangent gather;

FIG. 9 is the azimuth-moveout gather at (2000 );

FIGS. 10 and 11 are time slices of the azimuthal-moveout gathers at (2000 ) at 0.8s without ablation and with ablation of the Fresnel zone;

FIG. 12 is the azimuth-moveout gather at (2500 );

FIGS. 13 and 14 are time slices of the azimuthal-moveout gathers at (2500 ) without ablation and ablation of the Fresnel zone at 2.116 s;

fig. 15 and 16 are a reflected wave offset profile and a diffracted wave imaging profile, respectively, of 3D simulation data at a Y-coordinate of 2000 m;

fig. 17 and 18 are waveform diagrams of diffracted waves of an upper layer in a diffracted wave imaging section of 3D simulation data at a Y-coordinate of 2000m, respectively, without phase correction and with phase correction;

fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffracted wave imaging system based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an operating environment of a preferred embodiment of a controller according to the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes all or any element and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Most of the currently developed methods for separating reflected waves and diffracted waves based on an offset gather such as an inclination gather and then imaging the reflected waves and the diffracted waves independently are two-dimensional methods, and common important three-dimensional diffracted object types cannot be distinguished. In three dimensions, the types of diffracted waves can be divided into point diffracted waves generated by hole-like velocity anomalies and line diffracted waves generated by line-diffracted objects, and the line-diffracted waves can be divided into fracture diffracted waves generated by faults and fracture diffracted waves generated by fractures. The distinction of the types of the diffracted waves is very important in exploration practice, and the identification and research of the point diffracted waves and the crack line diffracted waves generated by the hole constant-speed abnormal body have important significance on the research of carbonate rock holes and fracture-cavity type oil and gas reservoirs; the three-dimensional research on the line diffraction waves generated by the fault and the crack can extract the azimuth information of the line diffraction object carried by the line diffraction waves generated by the fault and the crack. In three dimensions, the inclination angle domain fresnel zone varies with offset and azimuth, it is difficult to accurately ablate reflected wave energy, and a larger fresnel zone can only be estimated approximately at zero offset to ablate reflected wave energy, which results in a useful diffracted wave energy not being able to participate in imaging. These requirements are difficult to achieve with the diffracted wave imaging techniques that have been developed so far.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a diffracted wave imaging method and related apparatus based on an azimuth-moveout gather, in which, after an azimuth-moveout gather is generated by performing prestack time migration on seismic data, accurate separation of reflected waves and diffracted waves in a three-dimensional situation is realized, and then the type of the diffracted waves is detected based on the azimuth-moveout gather, so that the type of the diffracted waves is at least one of point diffracted waves generated by point diffractors, fault diffracted waves generated by fault line diffractors, and fracture diffracted waves generated by fracture line diffractors, and the azimuth information of the line diffractors is confirmed, and the imaging results of the point diffracted waves and/or the line diffracted waves can be obtained, thereby accurately distinguishing point diffracted waves generated by point diffractors such as hole equivelocity anomaly, lithologic point extinction point and the like, and the imaging results of the point diffracted waves, The imaging method has the advantages that the broken-line diffracted waves generated by the fault and the broken-line diffracted waves generated by the crack can extract the trend information of the line-diffracted objects while imaging the line-diffracted waves caused by the line-diffracted objects such as the fault and the crack, and phase correction can be realized in the imaging process of the broken-line diffracted waves caused by the fault to enhance the imaging energy of the broken-line diffracted waves.

The following describes a design scheme of a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather by using specific exemplary embodiments, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only used for explaining the technical scheme of the invention, and are not specifically limited:

referring to fig. 1, a diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to the present invention includes:

a flowchart of a diffracted wave imaging method based on azimuth-moveout gathers, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:

and S100, generating an azimuth angle-moveout gather according to the acquired seismic data.

In embodiments of the present application, the seismic data may refer to common offset data. The azimuth angle-time difference gather is a set of all azimuth angle-time difference gathers, and each azimuth angle-time difference gather represents a time difference gather corresponding to each azimuth angle; the azimuth in the azimuth-moveout gather is the azimuth on the time slice of the two-dimensional dip angle tangent gather; and the time difference in the azimuth angle-time difference channel set is the vertical one-way time difference between any point on the same phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip angle tangent value channel set and the corresponding phase stabilization point.

In the embodiment of the present application, an azimuth angle set (a set of plane angles of 0 to 360 degrees under one plane) is denoted as U ═ θ₁，θ₂，…，θ_nAnd f, a moveout gather corresponding to each element theta in the azimuth angle set U can be called an azimuth angle-moveout gather. Wherein the value range of theta is [0 DEG, 360 DEG ]]In the time difference channel set, the abscissa is time difference dimension, which is the vertical one-way time difference between any point on the same phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip angle tangent channel set and its corresponding phase stabilizing point, and the ordinate isAnd when the travel time is marked, the value of each point in the time difference channel set is the amplitude value of the corresponding time difference and the travel time.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, step S100 is to generate an azimuth-moveout gather according to the acquired seismic data, and includes the following steps:

step S110, generating an inclination gather along a survey line direction and a vertical survey line direction based on the seismic data;

step S120, obtaining an inclination angle field along a measuring line direction and a vertical measuring line direction based on the inclination angle gather, and confirming a preset azimuth angle-time difference gather formula according to the inclination angle field;

step S130, determining a time difference weight function for cutting off reflected wave components in a Fresnel zone based on the frequency parameters of the seismic data;

in the embodiment of the application, the time difference is a vertical one-way time difference between any point on the in-phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip tangent channel set and a corresponding phase stabilization point. The fresnel zone corresponding to the time difference can be estimated by using a proper frequency (the size of the frequency can be customized). And determining the Fresnel zone boundary corresponding to the time difference according to the main frequency of the seismic recording data or the half derivative thereof. Let the time difference weight function used to cut off the reflected wave component in the fresnel zone be w (ζ), and the formula is as follows:

therein, ζ₁Principal frequency, ζ, of the semi-derivatives of seismic data₂To control the threshold value of the attenuation band length. w (ζ) may also be a weight function w (T) obtained by a time-frequency analysis method₀ζ) alternative, T₀Is the vertical two-way travel time of the seismic migration profile.

Step S140 is to generate an azimuth-moveout gather (an azimuth-moveout gather from which the components of the reflected wave in the fresnel zone have been removed) based on the moveout weight function and the preset azimuth-moveout gather formula. The azimuth angle-time difference gathers are a set of all azimuth angle-time difference gathers after Fresnel zones are cut off, and each azimuth angle-time difference gather represents a time difference gather corresponding to each azimuth angle; the azimuth in the azimuth-moveout gather is the azimuth on the time slice of the two-dimensional dip angle tangent gather; and the time difference in the azimuth angle-time difference channel set is the vertical one-way time difference between any point on the same phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip angle tangent value channel set and the corresponding phase stabilization point.

In the embodiment of the present application, the formula of the preset azimuth-dip gather is as follows:

wherein, (x, y, T) is the imaging point coordinate; t is₀2T is the vertical two-way travel time at imaging point (x, y, T); f. of_mThe number of semiconductors of the mth seismic channel; n is the total channel number of the input seismic prestack gather; (x)_s,y_s) The shot point coordinate corresponding to the mth seismic channel; (x)_g,y_g) The coordinates of the corresponding demodulator probe of the mth seismic channel; tau is_sAnd τ_gThe travel time from the shot point and the demodulator probe to the imaging point is respectively. The azimuth angle θ is an azimuth angle on a time slice of the two-dimensional dip tangent gather, and the azimuth angle θ is any azimuth angle in the azimuth angle set, and can be represented as:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for two-dimensional dip angle tangent gather T₀The stationary phase point corresponding to the moment is the tilt angle field along the lateral line (INLINE) and the vertical survey line (CROSSLINE) determined by the human-computer interaction pickup method in the step S120; (gamma. rays)_x,γ_y) Is composed of a shot point (x)_s,y_s) Wave detection point (x)_g,y_g) Tilt angle, gamma, determined from the imaging point (x, y, T) and related to the time of flight_xAnd gamma_yTo be expressed as:

the time difference ζ is a vertical one-way time difference between any point on the in-phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip angle tangent value gather and a corresponding phase stabilization point, and can be represented as follows:

wherein, V_rmsIs the root mean square velocity at the imaging point (x, y, T); l. the_sAnd l_gAre respectively the shot point (x)_s,y_s) And a point of detection (x)_g,y_g) The square of the horizontal distance from the imaging point (x, y, T) can be expressed as

l_s＝(x_s-x)²+(y_s-y)²，

l_g＝(x_g-x)²+(y_g-y)²。

Wherein t is the shot point (x)_s,y_s) And a point of detection (x)_g,y_g) Relative to the over-image point (x, y, T) and at an inclination of

The travel time of the interface can be expressed as:

where r is a distance dependent variable, which can be expressed as

The time difference weight function obtained in step S130 is recorded as w (ζ) and used in the above formula, so that all azimuth time difference gathers in the azimuth set U can be obtained, that is, all azimuth offset time difference gathers generated by pre-stack time offset in the azimuth set U are obtained:

I(x,y,T₀,θ,ζ),θ＝θ₁，θ₂，…，θ_n。

further, please continue to refer to fig. 1, in step S200, a type of the diffracted wave is detected based on the azimuth-moveout gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object, and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffracted object.

Specifically, after the azimuth-moveout gather is obtained, whether the diffracted wave is a point diffracted wave or a line diffracted wave can be determined by detecting the type of the diffracted wave, and it is determined that the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object, and a crack diffracted wave generated by a crack line diffracted object.

Further, as shown in fig. 3, in step S200, detecting a type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth-moveout gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object, and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffracted object, and the method includes:

step S210, determining a correlation coefficient set corresponding to the azimuth angle-time difference gather, wherein the correlation coefficient set is formed by one correlation coefficient set corresponding to each time depth and azimuth angle;

step S220, comparing the correlation coefficient of the time difference gather corresponding to each azimuth angle with a preset correlation coefficient in each time depth;

step S230, if the correlation coefficients of the time difference gather corresponding to all the azimuth angles are larger than the preset correlation coefficient, determining that point diffracted waves generated by point diffracted objects exist in the seismic data;

step S240, if the absolute values of the correlation coefficients of a pair of azimuth angle corresponding time difference gathers with a difference of 180 degrees are larger than the preset correlation coefficients and the correlation coefficient values are opposite signs, determining that fault diffraction waves generated by fault line diffractors exist in the seismic data;

step S250, if the absolute value of the correlation coefficient of a pair of azimuth angle corresponding time difference gathers with a 180-degree difference is larger than the preset correlation coefficient, and the correlation coefficient values are in the same sign, determining that the crack diffracted waves generated by the crack line diffracted objects exist in the seismic data.

In the embodiment of the application, the flatness of the in-phase axis of the diffracted wave is described by using the correlation coefficient, and the flatness can be used as a mark for detecting whether the diffracted wave exists or not. The specific analysis is as follows: detecting diffraction wave in-phase axis at each time depth of CDP corresponding to each azimuth angle, judging straight diffraction wave in-phase axis by using a ratio (correlation coefficient set, a correlation coefficient set corresponding to each time depth and azimuth angle), and recording the ratio as xi (theta, T)₀) Expressed as:

in the formula, theta represents the azimuth angle in the azimuth time difference trace set, and the value range of theta is 0-180 degrees,

representing a CDP in the ith trace of a moveout gather at an azimuth theta, denoted by T₀The maximum value (positive or negative) within the central time window. When calculating the correlation coefficient, the value section of i is located at the time difference axis outside the boundary of the Fresnel zone, and a pair of correlation coefficients xi (theta, T) are simultaneously calculated by using the formula₀) And xi (theta +180 DEG, T)₀)。

Then, a threshold (i.e. a predetermined correlation coefficient) is set to detect whether the coherent diffracted wave event axis exists, for example, the threshold is 0.8. In the embodiment of the application, the threshold values of the point diffracted wave, the fault diffracted wave and the fracture diffracted wave can be set and modified according to actual conditions. If the correlation coefficients of the time difference gather corresponding to all the azimuth angles are larger than 0.8 in each time depth, determining that point diffracted waves generated by point diffracted objects such as holes exist in the seismic data; if the absolute values of correlation coefficients of a pair of azimuth angle corresponding time difference gathers with a 180-degree difference are larger than 0.8 and the correlation coefficient values are opposite signs, determining that fault diffracted waves generated by fault line diffracted objects exist in the seismic data; and if the absolute values of the correlation coefficients of a pair of azimuth angle corresponding time difference gathers with a 180-degree difference are larger than 0.8 and the correlation coefficient values are in the same sign, determining that the crack diffracted waves generated by the crack line diffracted objects exist in the seismic data.

Further, if it is determined that the diffracted wave is generated by a wire-wound object, determining orientation information of the wire-wound object, wherein the wire-wound object comprises: fracture line and crack line projectiles;

specifically, at each time depth, the correlation coefficient of all azimuth corresponding time difference gathers is greater than the preset correlation coefficient (0.8), so that the diffracted wave can be determined to be generated by a fault line reflector or a crack line reflector, and the line reflector has the following properties: the azimuth angle of the same-phase axis of the linear diffracted wave on the time slice of the azimuth angle-time difference gather is perpendicular to the azimuth information of the line-reflector, so that the azimuth information of the line-reflector can be further determined.

Further, if it is determined that the diffracted wave is generated by a wire-wound object, determining orientation information of the wire-wound object includes:

determining orientation information of fault line diffractors or crack line diffractors based on the orientation angle; and the azimuth angle of the same-phase axis of the linear diffracted wave on the time slice of the azimuth angle-time difference gather is vertical to the azimuth information of the linear diffracted object.

Specifically, if a pair of correlation coefficients | ξ (θ, T) greater than a threshold value are detected₀) And | ξ (θ +180 °, T)₀) If the azimuth angle of the corresponding line winder is theta +90 deg.

Further, please continue to refer to fig. 1, in step S300, the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the fracture diffracted waves are processed to obtain corresponding imaging results.

According to the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-moveout gather, the seismic data are obtained, the azimuth-moveout gather is generated through prestack time migration based on the seismic data, the type of the diffracted wave is detected based on the azimuth-moveout gather, whether the diffracted wave is generated by a hole, a fault or a crack is determined, and the azimuth information of a fault line diffracted body and a fracture line diffracted body is determined. And finally, carrying out imaging processing on the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the fracture diffracted waves to obtain corresponding imaging results. According to the method and the device, the generated azimuth angle-time difference channel is concentrated, the reflected wave Fresnel zone is accurately cut, the type of the three-dimensional diffracted object can be distinguished by detecting the type of the diffracted wave and imaging the diffracted wave based on the type of the diffracted wave, the azimuth information of the fault, the crack and other line diffracted objects is determined, phase correction can be carried out in the imaging process of the broken line diffracted wave generated by the fault, and the energy of the broken line diffracted wave imaging is enhanced.

Further, referring to fig. 4, in step S300, the imaging processing of the point diffracted wave, the fault diffracted wave, and/or the fracture diffracted wave to obtain a corresponding imaging result includes:

step S310, if the point diffracted waves exist, directly superposing and imaging the azimuth angle-time difference gather along the azimuth dimension and the time difference dimension to obtain the diffracted wave imaging result of the point diffracted objects such as the holes;

step S320, if fault diffracted waves exist, azimuth information of fault trend divides an azimuth angle-time difference gather into two azimuth angle areas, amplitude values of the two azimuth angle areas are superposed along an azimuth dimension and a time difference dimension respectively and then subtracted, namely, the fault diffracted waves are subjected to phase correction, and diffracted wave imaging results of the faults are obtained;

and S330, if the fracture diffracted waves exist, directly superposing and imaging the azimuth angle-time difference gather along the azimuth dimension and the time difference dimension to obtain the fracture diffracted wave imaging result.

In the embodiment of the application, different diffracted wave types correspond to different imaging modes. Specifically, under the three-dimensional condition, the situation that the phases of the point diffracted waves and the fracture diffracted waves are opposite does not exist in the azimuth-time difference gather, so that if the types of the diffracted waves are the point diffracted waves and the fracture diffracted waves, the azimuth-time difference gather is subjected to direct superposition imaging along the azimuth dimension and the time difference dimension to obtain imaging results of the point diffracted waves and the fracture diffracted waves; in the three-dimensional situation, the fault diffracted wave has the situation of opposite phases in an azimuth angle-time difference trace set, so that the phase correction needs to be carried out on the fault diffracted wave, and the energy of two areas with opposite phases is respectively superposed along the azimuth dimension and the time difference dimension and then subtracted to obtain the fault diffracted wave imaging result.

The embodiments of the present application are described in detail with respect to a three-dimensional diffraction model:

figure 5 is a three-dimensional diffraction model used to generate forward simulated data. The model background velocity of the three-dimensional diffraction model is 2000m/s, and comprises two thin layers and two independent diffraction points. In fig. 5 the upper sheet is a horizontal sheet and the lower sheet is an inclined sheet with apparent inclinations of 10 ° and 15 ° in the xz-and yz-planes, respectively. A small fault shown by a white dotted line is arranged in the upper thin layer, the fault distance is 10m, and the directions of the faults are 45 degrees respectively. In the lower lamella there is a slit indicated by a white dashed line, the width of which is 5m and the direction of which is 60 °. The diffraction point coordinates shown by the two black dots are (2000,2000,2500) and (3000,3000,1500), respectively.

The seismic data are simulated based on the model given in the figure 5, an inclination gather along the survey line direction and the vertical survey line direction is generated, an inclination field along the survey line direction and the vertical survey line direction is obtained by a man-machine interaction pickup method (a self-developed software matched manual adjustment method) based on the inclination gather along the survey line direction and the vertical survey line direction, and a preset azimuth angle-time difference gather formula is confirmed according to the inclination field.

Fig. 6 shows 2D dip angle gathers (in both dimensions INLINE and CROSSLINE) at CDP coordinates (2500 ), with INLINE and CROSSLINE dip angles of 10 ° and 15 °, respectively, for stationary phase, consistent with the apparent dip angles in the xz-and yz-planes for the lower bias layer in fig. 5. The reflection wave homophase axis is in a bowl shape, and the reflection wave Fresnel zone is positioned at a part, namely the bottom part of the bowl, of the reflection wave homophase axis which is relatively gentle near a 2D inclination angle gather phase stabilization point. In fig. 4, the vertical one-way time difference between any point on the in-phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip tangent trace set and the corresponding stationary phase point is the concept of the azimuth-time difference trace set time difference. Thus, the concept of the moveout is directly related to the reflected wave fresnel zone, which is the boundary of the reflected wave fresnel zone when the moveout is the primary period of the seismic record data or its half-derivative. Therefore, the Fresnel zone can be conveniently and accurately cut off based on the time difference gather.

Fig. 7 and 8 are time slices at 2.116s for a 2D dip angle gather at CDP coordinates (2500 ) and a corresponding 2D dip angle tangent gather. FIG. 7 is a time slice corresponding to a 2D dip gather, with the in-phase axis of the wire-wound wave representing a curve. FIG. 8 is a time slice for a 2D dip tangent gather, where the in-phase axis of the wire-wound wave appears as a straight line. The reflected wave fresnel zone appears in fig. 7 and 8 as an ellipse-like shape. This is consistent with the fact that the slope is the tangent of the azimuth in planar rectangular coordinates, and the azimuth of the time slice corresponding to the 2D dip tangent gather is perpendicular to the line of the line reflector. Therefore, in order to obtain the azimuth information of the line-diffracted object in the process of diffraction wave imaging, an azimuth angle on a 2D dip tangent gather time slice is introduced to construct an azimuth-moveout gather. Thus, the azimuth in the azimuth-moveout gather is the azimuth on the two-dimensional dip tangent gather time slice.

In fig. 9, ζ is a vertical one-way time difference between any point on the same-phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip angle tangent trace set and a corresponding stationary phase point, namely, a concept of the azimuth angle-time difference trace set time difference; the azimuth in the azimuth-moveout gather is the azimuth on the time slice of the two-dimensional dip tangent gather.

Fig. 9 is an azimuth-moveout gather at (2000 ), typically generated at azimuth intervals of 15 ° or less in practice, here 45 ° for clarity of presentation. The upper minor fault and an isolated diffraction point in the model of figure 5 pass through this level, and the lower fracture does not. In fig. 9, it can be seen that the reflection wave event axis shows a curve with strong upward inclination, and the diffracted wave at the upper minor fault appears as a pair of opposite straight lines at a pair of azimuth angles 135 ° and 315 ° perpendicular to the 45 ° trend of the fault. Point diffracted waves generated by isolated diffraction points appear as a straight line of constant phase at each azimuth of the azimuth-moveout gather. Since the lower fracture does not pass through this horizontal position, no horizontally dependent fracture diffraction wave in-phase axis is observed in fig. 9.

Fig. 10 and 11 are time slices of the medio-azimuthal-moveout gathers at (2000 ) at 0.8s without and with fresnel zones excised. Comparing fig. 10 with fig. 11, the reflected wave having a strong energy at the upper end portion in fig. 11 is cut off. Therefore, the boundary of the Fresnel zone corresponding to the time difference can be determined on the azimuth-time difference gather according to the seismic record data or the dominant frequency of the half derivative of the seismic record data, the Fresnel zone can be conveniently and accurately cut off, and the problem of estimating the Fresnel zone in the 2D dip gather is avoided. In the process, an azimuth angle-time difference gather after the Fresnel zone is cut is generated based on a time difference weight function related to the Fresnel zone and a preset azimuth angle-time difference gather formula.

Fig. 12 is the azimuth-moveout gather at (2500 ), with an azimuth interval of 45 °. The upper minor fault and the lower fracture in the model of figure 5 both pass through this horizontal position, where no isolated diffraction point passes. The fracture diffracted waves in FIG. 12 appear as a pair of equally phased lines at azimuth angles 150 and 330, perpendicular to the 60 course of the fracture.

Fig. 13 and 14 are time slices of the azimuthally-moveout gathers at (2500 ) without ablation and with ablation of the fresnel zone at 2.116s, making it more clear that a pair of crack diffraction wave in-phase axes of the same phase can be seen.

Fig. 15 and 16 are a reflected wave deflection profile and a diffracted wave imaging profile, respectively, of 3D simulation data at a Y-coordinate of 2000m, and fig. 15 is a conventional reflected wave deflection profile, and it can be seen that one horizontal slice, one oblique slice, and one very weak isolated diffraction point. And fig. 16 is a corresponding diffracted wave imaging section, and a fault diffraction point at the upper part, a crack diffraction point at the lower part and an isolated diffraction point can be seen. As can be seen from fig. 9 and 10, in the moveout gathers corresponding to different azimuths, the point diffracted waves are represented as a straight line with a constant phase at each azimuth of the azimuths-moveout gather, so that the existence of the point diffracted waves generated by point diffracted objects such as holes in the seismic data can be determined on the condition that the correlation coefficients of the moveout gathers corresponding to all azimuths are greater than the preset correlation coefficients; according to fig. 9 and fig. 10, it can also be seen that the fault diffracted waves are represented as a pair of straight lines with opposite phases on the azimuth perpendicular to the fault trend, so that the absolute values of the correlation coefficients of the corresponding time difference gathers with a pair of azimuths with 180 ° difference are both greater than the preset correlation coefficient, and the existence of the fault diffracted waves in the seismic data is determined under the condition that the values of the correlation coefficients are opposite; according to fig. 12 and 12, it can be seen that the fracture diffracted waves are represented as a pair of straight lines with the same phase on the azimuth perpendicular to the fault trend, and therefore, the existence of the fracture diffracted waves in the seismic data can be determined by using the condition that the absolute values of the correlation coefficients of a pair of azimuth corresponding to the moveout gathers with a 180-degree difference are both greater than the preset correlation coefficient, and the same sign of the correlation coefficient value is taken as a condition. After the detection of the type of the diffracted wave, diffracted wave imaging profiles of point diffracted waves, fault diffracted waves and fracture diffracted waves can be obtained separately.

Fig. 17 and 18 are waveform diagrams of diffracted waves of an upper layer in a diffracted wave imaging section of 3D simulation data at a Y-coordinate of 2000m, respectively, without phase correction and with phase correction; in FIG. 11 of the Fresnel zone after ablation, a pair of oppositely phased lines can be clearly seen. Therefore, when tomographic diffracted waves are imaged, superposition imaging along the azimuth dimension and the time difference dimension cannot be directly performed, and the problem of phase correction of the tomographic diffracted waves needs to be considered. After phase correction, the energy of the fault diffracted wave is obviously strengthened.

The diffracted wave imaging system based on the azimuth angle-time difference gather has the following advantages: 1) the reflected wave Fresnel zone can be accurately cut off based on the azimuth-time difference gather, the problem that the three-dimensional Fresnel zone is estimated by using the dip angle gather can be avoided, and the reflected wave and the diffracted wave are conveniently and accurately separated; 2) the method and the device can accurately distinguish the seam hole constant-speed abnormal body, point diffracted waves caused by lithologic point vanishing points, line diffracted waves caused by faults and line diffracted waves caused by cracks; 3) phase correction can be realized in the imaging process of the ray diffraction wave caused by the fault, and the energy of fault imaging is enhanced; 4) the imaging device and the imaging method can image the diffracted waves and indicate the trend of the fault or the crack, and are convenient for scientific research personnel to carry out depth research on the fault. In conclusion, the embodiment of the application can obtain high-resolution imaging of the small-scale discontinuous geologic body, is beneficial supplement of a conventional reflected wave imaging method, and has important application value for research on small fault identification and characterization and carbonate fracture-cavity and hole type oil and gas reservoirs.

The embodiment of the application provides a diffracted wave imaging system based on an azimuth-time difference gather, which is mainly used for executing the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-time difference gather provided by the contents.

Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffracted wave imaging system based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 19, the diffracted wave imaging system based on the azimuth-moveout gather mainly includes: an acquisition generation module 11, a detection determination module 12 and an imaging module 13, wherein:

the acquisition generation module 11 is configured to generate an azimuth-moveout gather according to the acquired seismic data; the azimuth angle-time difference gathers are a set of all azimuth angle-time difference gathers after Fresnel zones are cut off, and each azimuth angle-time difference gather represents a time difference gather corresponding to each azimuth angle; the azimuth in the azimuth-moveout gather is the azimuth on the time slice of the two-dimensional dip angle tangent gather; and the time difference in the azimuth angle-time difference channel set is the vertical one-way time difference between any point on the same phase axis of the reflected wave in the two-dimensional dip angle tangent value channel set and the corresponding phase stabilization point.

The detection determining module 12 is used for detecting the type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth-time difference gather, determining whether the diffracted wave is generated by a hole or a fault or a crack, and determining the azimuth information of the fault and the crack;

and the imaging module 13 is configured to image the diffracted wave based on the type of the diffracted wave, so as to obtain a result of diffracted wave imaging.

The diffracted wave imaging system based on the azimuth-moveout gather, provided by the embodiment of the application, first acquires seismic data by using the acquisition and generation module 11, generates the azimuth-moveout gather by pre-stack time migration based on the seismic data, and then detects the type of diffracted waves by using the detection and determination module 12 based on the azimuth-moveout gather, wherein the type of diffracted waves belongs to at least one of point diffracted waves generated by point diffracted waves, fault diffracted waves generated by fault line diffracted waves and fracture diffracted waves generated by fracture line diffracted waves. And finally, imaging the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the fracture diffracted waves by using an imaging module 13 to obtain corresponding imaging results. According to the method and the device, in the generated azimuth angle-time difference channel concentration, the type of the three-dimensional diffraction object can be distinguished by detecting the type of the diffraction wave and imaging the diffraction wave based on the type of the diffraction wave, the azimuth information of the line diffraction object such as a fault and a crack can be determined, phase correction can be carried out in the imaging process of the broken line diffraction wave generated by the fault, and the energy of broken line diffraction wave imaging can be enhanced.

Further, the present invention also provides a controller, which includes a processor 10, a memory 20 and a display 30. Fig. 20 shows only some of the components of the controller, but it is to be understood that not all of the shown components are required to be implemented, and that more or fewer components may be implemented instead.

The memory 20 may in some embodiments be an internal storage module of the controller, such as a hard disk or a memory of the controller. The memory 20 may also be an external storage device of the controller in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and the like provided on the controller. Further, the memory 20 may also include both an internal storage module of the controller and an external storage device. The memory 20 is used for storing application software installed in the controller and various types of data. The memory 20 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output. In one embodiment, the memory 20 stores an azimuthal-moveout gather-based diffracted wave imaging program 40, and the azimuthal-moveout gather-based diffracted wave imaging program 40 is executable by the processor 10 to implement the azimuthal-moveout gather-based diffracted wave imaging method of the present invention.

The processor 10 may be, in some embodiments, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor or other data Processing chip, which is used to run program codes stored in the memory 20 or process data, such as executing the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-moveout gather.

The display 30 may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touch panel, or the like in some embodiments. The display 30 is used for displaying information at the device and for displaying a visual user interface. The components 10-30 of the device communicate with each other via a system bus.

In one embodiment, the following steps are implemented when the processor 10 executes the diffracted wave imaging program 40 based on the azimuthally-moveout gathers in the memory 20:

The azimuth angle-time difference gather is a set of all azimuth angle-time difference gathers, and each azimuth angle-time difference gather represents a time difference gather corresponding to each azimuth angle;

The step of generating the azimuth-moveout gather according to the acquired seismic data specifically includes:

The method specifically comprises the following steps of detecting a type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth-time difference gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffracted object:

comparing the correlation coefficient corresponding to the time difference gather corresponding to each azimuth angle with a preset correlation coefficient at each time depth;

if the absolute values of the correlation coefficients of a pair of azimuth angle corresponding time difference gathers with a difference of 180 degrees are larger than the preset correlation coefficients and the values of the correlation coefficients are in the same sign, determining that fracture diffracted waves generated by fracture line diffracted objects exist in the seismic data;

if the diffracted wave is determined to be generated by a wire-wound object, determining orientation information of the wire-wound object.

The step of performing imaging processing on the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the fracture diffracted waves to obtain corresponding imaging results specifically comprises the following steps:

and if the fracture diffraction waves exist, directly superposing and imaging the azimuth angle-time difference gather along the azimuth dimension and the time difference dimension to obtain an imaging result of the fracture diffraction waves.

Wherein the method detects a type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth-moveout gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object, and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffracted object, and the method further comprises:

Wherein determining the orientation information of the wire-wound object if it is determined that the diffracted wave is generated by the wire-wound object comprises:

Further, the present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores an azimuth-moveout gather based diffracted wave imaging program 40, and the azimuth-moveout gather based diffracted wave imaging program 40, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the azimuth-moveout gather based diffracted wave imaging method as described above; since the steps of the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-moveout gather are described in detail above, no further description is given here.

In summary, the diffracted wave imaging method based on the azimuth-moveout gather and the related device provided by the present invention include: generating an azimuth angle-time difference gather according to the acquired seismic data; detecting the type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuth-time difference gather, wherein the type of the diffracted wave is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffracted object, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffracted object and a crack diffracted wave generated by a crack line diffracted object; and imaging the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the fracture diffracted waves to obtain corresponding imaging results. According to the method, the type of the diffracted wave is detected based on the azimuth-time difference gather, so that the diffracted wave is determined to be generated by the point diffracted object, the fault line diffracted object and/or the crack line diffracted object, and imaging results of the point diffracted wave, the fault line diffracted wave and/or the crack line diffracted wave can be obtained, so that the type of the diffracted wave is accurately distinguished, and clear imaging results of the diffracted wave can be obtained.

It should be understood that equivalents and modifications of the technical solution and inventive concept thereof may occur to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications and alterations should fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the azimuth-moveout gather is a set of all azimuth-moveout gathers, each of the azimuth-moveout gathers characterizing a moveout gather corresponding to each azimuth;

3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating an azimuth-moveout gather from the acquired seismic data comprises:

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein detecting the type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuthal-moveout gather is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffractor, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffractor, and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffractor, comprises:

5. The method for imaging diffracted wave based on azimuthal-moveout gather according to claim 1, wherein the imaging processing of the point diffracted wave, the tomographic diffracted wave and/or the fracture diffracted wave to obtain the corresponding imaging result comprises:

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting the type of the diffracted wave based on the azimuthal-moveout gather is at least one of a point diffracted wave generated by a point diffractor, a fault diffracted wave generated by a fault line diffractor, and a fracture diffracted wave generated by a fracture line diffractor, further comprises:

7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the orientation information of a wire-reflector if the diffracted wave is determined to have been generated by the wire-reflector comprises:

8. A diffracted wave imaging system based on azimuthal-moveout gathers, comprising:

and the imaging module is used for carrying out imaging processing on the point diffracted waves, the fault diffracted waves and/or the crack diffracted waves to obtain corresponding imaging results.

9. A controller, characterized in that the controller comprises: a memory, a processor and a diffraction wave imaging program based on an azimuth-moveout gather stored on the memory and operable on the processor, the diffraction wave imaging program based on an azimuth-moveout gather when executed by the processor implementing the steps of the diffraction wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores a diffracted wave imaging program based on an azimuth-moveout gather, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the diffracted wave imaging method based on an azimuth-moveout gather according to any one of claims 1 to 7.