CN114509095B - Sensing system - Google Patents
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- CN114509095B CN114509095B CN202210161250.8A CN202210161250A CN114509095B CN 114509095 B CN114509095 B CN 114509095B CN 202210161250 A CN202210161250 A CN 202210161250A CN 114509095 B CN114509095 B CN 114509095B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001497337 Euscorpius gamma Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
- H01S3/06758—Tandem amplifiers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The present application provides a sensing system comprising: the optical transmission device comprises an optical transmission module, a first circulator, a first wavelength division multiplexing module, a passive optical amplification module comprising at least three passive optical amplification units, a pumping module comprising a first pumping unit and a second pumping unit, an optical receiving module and at least four sections of transmission optical fibers; the three ports of the first circulator are respectively connected with the optical transmitting module, the optical receiving module and the first wavelength division multiplexing module; the first pumping unit is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexing module; the second pumping unit is connected with the passive optical amplification module through a transmission optical fiber; the first wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the passive optical amplification module in series through a transmission optical fiber; each passive optical amplifying unit is sequentially connected through a transmission optical fiber; at least four sections of transmission optical fibers meet a preset length; the passive optical amplification unit is used for increasing the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light of the first pump unit and/or increasing the power of the sensing signal based on the second pump light of the second pump unit.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of distributed optical fiber sensing, in particular to a sensing system.
Background
From the evolution of fiber optic sensors, it is known that distributed sensors represent a special class of fiber optic sensors that can monitor different physical parameters (strain, temperature, vibration, pressure, etc.) at any point along the fiber. When the number of points to be monitored is large, the distributed sensor has obvious advantages over the conventional point sensor. The phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (phi-OTDR) system based on the Rayleigh scattering mechanism is a special distributed sensor, can obtain time and space continuous distribution information along an optical fiber path only by means of optical fibers, is the most important full-distributed vibration measurement technology, provides an attractive solution for the safety detection fields of oil gas transmission pipelines, long-distance perimeters, large-scale civil structures and the like, and draws wide attention in the period of nearly thirty years.
The sensing distance is a key index for measuring the overall performance of the phi-OTDR system, and the existing technology for prolonging the sensing distance mainly comprises erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, EDFA) technology and Raman amplifier (Raman Fiber Amplifier, RFA) technology. On the premise of no EDFA technology, the sensing distance capability of the system is severely limited, which is only twenty kilometers; even if the EDFA technology is adopted, only about fifty kilometers of sensing distance can be realized; by adopting the EDFA and RFA mixed amplification technology, the sensing distance can be increased to a level of about eighty kilometers. On the premise of no relay, for the sensing record exceeding 150km, no technical solution is provided at present.
Therefore, how to further extend the sensing distance of the phi OTDR system on the premise of no relay, and overcome the defects existing in the prior art is a problem to be solved in the technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a sensing system. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application is realized as follows: the embodiment of the application also provides a sensing system, which comprises: the device comprises an optical transmitting module, a first circulator, a first wavelength division multiplexing module, a passive optical amplifying module, a pumping module, an optical receiving module and at least four sections of transmission optical fibers; the pumping module comprises a first pumping unit and a second pumping unit; the passive optical amplification module comprises at least three passive optical amplification units;
the three ports of the first circulator are respectively connected with the optical transmitting module, the optical receiving module and the first wavelength division multiplexing module; the first pumping unit is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexing module; the second pumping unit is connected with the passive optical amplification module through the transmission optical fiber; the first wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the passive optical amplification module in series through the transmission optical fiber; each passive optical amplifying unit in the passive optical amplifying module is sequentially connected through the transmission optical fiber; the at least four sections of transmission optical fibers meet a preset length;
the passive optical amplification unit is used for: increasing the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light provided by the first pump unit and/or increasing the power of the received sensing signal based on the second pump light provided by the second pump unit; the detection signal is provided by the optical transmission module; the sensor signal is provided by a sensor device.
In the above scheme, the passive optical amplification module at least includes: the first passive optical amplifying unit, the second passive optical amplifying unit and the third passive optical amplifying unit; the at least four segments of transmission fiber comprise at least: a first transmission optical fiber, a second transmission optical fiber, a third transmission optical fiber and a fourth transmission optical fiber;
the first wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the first passive optical amplification unit through a first transmission optical fiber, the first passive optical amplification unit is connected with the second passive optical amplification unit through a second transmission optical fiber, and the second passive optical amplification unit is connected with the third passive optical amplification unit through a third transmission optical fiber; the second pumping unit is connected with the third passive optical amplification unit through a fourth transmission optical fiber;
the first transmission optical fiber and the fourth transmission optical fiber are respectively two different fiber cores in the same optical cable; the first transmission optical fiber, the second transmission optical fiber and the third transmission optical fiber are the same fiber core in the same optical cable; the first transmission optical fiber, the second transmission optical fiber, the third transmission optical fiber and the fourth transmission optical fiber satisfy a preset length.
In the above aspect, the first passive optical amplification unit includes: the second circulator, the first erbium-doped fiber and the third circulator; three ports of the second circulator are respectively connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer, the third circulator and the first erbium-doped optical fiber; three ports of the third circulator are respectively connected with the second circulator, the first erbium-doped optical fiber and the second passive optical amplification unit;
the first erbium-doped fiber is used for increasing the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light;
the second circulator and the third circulator are used for transmitting the detection signal and the first pump light and/or transmitting the sensing signal.
In the above aspect, the second passive optical amplification unit includes: a second erbium-doped optical fiber; the second erbium-doped fiber is used for: the power of the detection signal is increased based on the first pump light provided by the first pump unit and the power of the received sensing signal is increased based on the second pump light provided by the second pump unit.
In the above aspect, the third passive optical amplification unit includes: the second wavelength division multiplexing unit and the third erbium-doped optical fiber connected with the second wavelength division multiplexing unit;
wherein the second wavelength division multiplexing unit is configured to: combining the second pump light and the sensing signal transmitted through the fourth transmission optical fiber and/or transmitting the second pump light to the third erbium-doped optical fiber;
the third erbium doped fiber is used for increasing the power of the sensing signal and/or increasing the power of the detection signal.
In the above scheme, the sum of the line lengths of the first transmission optical fiber, the second transmission optical fiber and the third transmission optical fiber is the same as the line length of the fourth transmission optical fiber.
In the above scheme, the preset length of the first transmission optical fiber is determined according to the optical power of the first pump light, the attenuation coefficient of the detection signal in the first transmission optical fiber, and the first total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the first transmission optical fiber; the preset length of the second transmission optical fiber is determined according to the second total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the second transmission optical fiber and the first total attenuation; the preset length of the third transmission optical fiber is determined according to the third total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the third transmission optical fiber and the first total attenuation.
In the above scheme, the optical transmitting module transmits the detection signal, the first circulator transmits the detection signal to the first wavelength division multiplexing module, the first wavelength division multiplexing module performs wave combination on the first pump light received from the first pump unit and the detection signal, and transmits the combined wave to the passive optical amplification module through the transmission optical fiber, and each passive optical amplification unit in the passive optical amplification module increases the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light transmitted by the transmission optical fiber.
In the above scheme, the passive optical amplifying unit in the passive optical amplifying module increases the power of the received sensing signal based on the received second pump light, and transmits the sensing signal after the power increase to the first wavelength division multiplexing module through the transmission optical fiber, the first wavelength division multiplexing module transmits the sensing signal to the first circulator, and the first circulator transmits the sensing signal to the optical receiving module.
In the above scheme, the wavelength range of the pumping light of the first pumping unit is 1460nm-1475nm; the wavelength range of the pumping light of the second pumping unit is 1475nm-1490nm; the signal wavelength of the detection signal is the same as that of the sensing signal, and the signal wavelength range is 1540nm-1570nm.
According to the embodiment of the application, based on two pumping units arranged at a sending end station and a plurality of sections of transmission optical fibers meeting the preset length, the multistage amplification of detection signals is realized by adopting at least three passive optical amplifying units through the first pumping light remained after the transmission optical fibers by using the first pumping units, meanwhile, the amplification of sensing signals is realized by adopting a plurality of passive optical amplifying units through the second pumping light of the second pumping units, and the sensing distance of a sensing system is greatly improved; compared with the EDFA amplification technology and the RFA amplification technology, the sensing system can continuously improve the sensing distance by more than 80km, and can realize the sensing distance of 165-175 km.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensing system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another sensing system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third passive optical amplifying unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, and the described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present application, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present application.
In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments" which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is to be understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and can be combined with one another without conflict.
In the following description, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are merely used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects, it being understood that the "first", "second", "third" may be interchanged with a specific order or sequence, as permitted, to enable embodiments of the application described herein to be practiced otherwise than as illustrated or described herein.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the application only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
The following describes a sensing system provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing system according to an embodiment of the present application; in some embodiments, the sensing system may be applied to a distributed sensing system based on phi-OTDR, and the sensing system provided by the embodiment of the application includes:
the optical transmission device comprises an optical transmission module 1, a first circulator 2, a first wavelength division multiplexing module 3, a passive optical amplification module 4, a pumping module 5, an optical receiving module 6 and at least four sections of transmission optical fibers; the pumping module comprises a first pumping unit 501 and a second pumping unit 502; the passive optical amplification module 4 comprises at least three passive optical amplification units;
wherein three ports of the first circulator 2 are respectively connected with the optical transmitting module 1, the optical receiving module 6 and the first wavelength division multiplexing module 3; the first pump unit 501 is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexing module 3; the second pumping unit 502 is connected with the passive optical amplification module 4 through the transmission optical fiber; the first wavelength division multiplexing module 3 is connected with the passive optical amplification module 4 in series through the transmission optical fiber; each passive optical amplifying unit in the passive optical amplifying module 4 is sequentially connected through the transmission optical fiber; the at least four sections of transmission optical fibers meet a preset length;
the passive optical amplification unit is used for: increasing the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light provided by the first pump unit and/or increasing the power of the received sensing signal based on the second pump light provided by the second pump unit; the detection signal is provided by the optical transmission module; the sensor signal is provided by a sensor device.
The optical transmitting module transmits the detection signal, the first circulator transmits the detection signal to the first wavelength division multiplexing module, the first wavelength division multiplexing module combines the first pump light received from the first pump unit and the detection signal and transmits the combined wave to the passive optical amplification module through the transmission optical fiber, and each passive optical amplification unit in the passive optical amplification module increases the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light transmitted by the transmission optical fiber.
The passive optical amplification unit in the passive optical amplification module increases the power of the received sensing signal based on the received second pump light, and transmits the sensing signal after the power increase to the first wavelength division multiplexing module through the transmission optical fiber, the first wavelength division multiplexing module transmits the sensing signal to the first circulator, and the first circulator transmits the sensing signal to the optical receiving module.
And each passive optical amplifying unit in the first wavelength division multiplexing module element and the passive optical amplifying module is connected in series through a transmission optical fiber. Each passive optical amplifying unit is sequentially connected through a transmission optical fiber, and one end of the first wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the passive optical amplifying unit nearest to the first wavelength division multiplexing module.
In one embodiment, the at least four lengths of transmission fiber are used for signal transmission between different modules or units, etc. The transmission fiber between each two modules and/or units is a length of transmission fiber. Each section of transmission optical fiber meets the corresponding preset length.
The embodiment is based on the fact that two pumping units are placed at a sending end station, and a plurality of sections of transmission optical fibers with preset lengths are met, multistage amplification of detection signals is achieved by at least three passive optical amplifying units through the aid of first pumping light remained by the first pumping units, meanwhile, amplification of sensing signals is achieved by the aid of a plurality of passive optical amplifiers through the aid of second pumping light of the second pumping units, and sensing distance of a sensing system is greatly improved; compared with the EDFA amplification technology and the RFA amplification technology, the sensing system can continuously improve the sensing distance by more than 80km, and can realize the sensing distance of 165-175 km.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the passive optical amplification module 4 includes at least: a first passive optical amplifying unit 401, a second passive optical amplifying unit 402, and a third passive optical amplifying unit 403; the at least four transmission fibers include at least: a first transmission fiber 7, a second transmission fiber 8, a third transmission fiber 9 and a fourth transmission fiber 10;
the first wavelength division multiplexing module 3 is connected with the first passive optical amplification unit 401 through a first transmission optical fiber 7, the first passive optical amplification unit 401 is connected with the second passive optical amplification unit 402 through a second transmission optical fiber 8, and the second passive optical amplification unit 402 is connected with the third passive optical amplification unit 403 through a third transmission optical fiber 9; the second pumping unit 502 is connected to the third passive optical amplification unit 403 through a fourth transmission optical fiber 10; the first transmission optical fiber 7, the second transmission optical fiber 8, the third transmission optical fiber 9 and the fourth optical fiber 10 meet preset lengths; the first transmission optical fiber 7 and the fourth transmission optical fiber 10 are respectively two different fiber cores in the same optical cable; the first transmission optical fiber 7, the second transmission optical fiber 8 and the third transmission optical fiber 9 are the same fiber core in the same optical cable.
The first passive optical amplification unit, the second passive optical amplification unit, and the third passive optical amplification unit are configured to: increasing the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light provided by the first pump unit and/or increasing the power of the received sensing signal based on the second pump light provided by the second pump unit; the detection signal is provided by the optical transmission module; the sensor signal is provided by a sensor device.
In an embodiment, the sensing system further includes a fifth transmission optical fiber 11, where the third passive optical amplification unit 403 is connected to the sensing device through the fifth transmission optical fiber 11, and the fifth transmission optical fiber 11 is used for transmitting the detection signal sent by the third passive optical amplification unit 403 to the sensing device and transmitting the sensing signal of the sensing device to the third passive optical amplification unit 403.
In an embodiment, the detection signal is output from the optical transmission module and sequentially enters the first circulator, the first wavelength division multiplexing module, the first transmission optical fiber, the first passive optical amplification unit, the second transmission optical fiber, the second passive optical amplification unit, the third transmission optical fiber, the third passive optical amplification unit and the fifth transmission optical fiber.
The sensing signal sequentially passes through a fifth transmission optical fiber, a third passive optical amplification unit, a third transmission optical fiber, a second passive optical amplification unit, a second transmission optical fiber, a first passive optical amplification unit and a first transmission optical fiber, a first wavelength division multiplexing module and a first circulator, and finally enters an optical receiving module.
In an embodiment, the first wavelength division multiplexing module 3 includes, but is not limited to: WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexer).
The three ports of the first circulator 2 are respectively: port 2a, port 2b and port 2c. The first wavelength division multiplexing module is provided with at least three ports, namely: port 3a, port 3b and port 3c.
The port 2a is connected to the optical transmission module 1, the port 2c is connected to the optical reception module 6, and the port 2b is connected to the port 3a of the first wavelength division multiplexing module 3. The first wavelength division multiplexing module port 3b is connected to the first pump unit 501, and the port 3c is connected to the first passive optical amplification unit 401 through the first transmission optical fiber 7.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the optical transmission module 1 may include: an optical transmitter 11 and a pulse EDFA 12 connected to the optical transmitter 11. The pulsed EDFA 12 is connected to the first circulator 2 port 2 a.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the light receiving module 6 may include: the pulse EDFA 71, the filter 72 and the optical receiver 73 are connected in this order, and the pulse EDFA 71 is connected to the first circulator 2 port 2c.
In an embodiment, the first passive optical amplifying unit, the second passive optical amplifying unit and the third passive optical amplifying unit are each configured to: increasing the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light provided by the first pump unit; the second passive optical amplification unit and the third passive optical amplification unit are further configured to: and increasing the power of the received sensing signal based on the second pump light provided by the second pump unit.
The first passive optical amplification unit, the second passive optical amplification unit and the third passive optical amplification unit amplify the power of the detection signal by using the residual first pump light after the transmission loss of the transmission fiber, so that the transmission distance of the detection signal is longer while the quality of the detection signal is ensured.
The second passive optical amplification unit and the third passive optical amplification unit perform power amplification on the sensing signal by using the second pump light so that the sensing signal can be transmitted to the optical receiving module.
In an embodiment, the optical transmitting module transmits a detection signal, the first circulator transmits the detection signal to the first wavelength division multiplexing module, the first wavelength division multiplexing module combines the first pump light received from the first pump unit and the detection signal to transmit the combined first pump light and the detection signal to the first passive optical amplifying unit through the first transmission optical fiber, the first passive optical amplifying unit increases the power of the detection signal by using the received first pump light, and transmits the first pump light and the increased detection signal to the second passive optical amplifying unit through the second transmission optical fiber, and the second passive optical amplifying unit increases the power of the detection signal by using the received first pump light, and transmits the first pump light and the increased detection signal to the third passive optical amplifying unit through the third transmission optical fiber, and the third passive optical amplifying unit increases the power of the detection signal by using the received first pump light.
In an embodiment, the third passive optical amplification unit increases the power of the sensing signal using the received second pump light and transmits the second pump light and the increased sensing signal to the second passive optical amplification unit through the third transmission optical fiber, the second passive optical amplification unit increases the sensing signal based on the second pump light obtained from the third transmission optical fiber and transmits the increased sensing signal to the first passive optical amplification unit through the second transmission optical fiber, the first passive optical amplification unit transmits the sensing signal to the first wavelength division multiplexing module through the first transmission optical fiber, and the first wavelength division multiplexing module transmits the sensing signal to the first circulator, which transmits the sensing signal to the light receiving module.
Specifically, the first pump unit provides a first pump light, and the first pump light is used for exciting the first passive optical amplifying unit, the second passive optical amplifying unit and the third passive optical amplifying unit to increase the power of the detection signal. The second pump unit provides second pump light, and the second pump light is used for exciting the second passive optical amplifying unit and the third passive optical amplifying unit to increase the power of the sensing signal.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the first passive optical amplification unit 401 includes: a second circulator 41, a first erbium doped fiber 42, a third circulator 43; the three ports 41a, 41c, 41b of the second circulator 41 are respectively connected with the first transmission fiber 7, the third circulator 43 and the first erbium doped fiber 42; the three ports 43c, 43a, 43b of the third circulator 43 are respectively connected to the second circulator 41, the first erbium doped fiber 42 and the second transmission fiber 8;
the first erbium doped fiber 42 is configured to increase the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light;
the second circulator 41 and the third circulator 43 are used for transmitting the detection signal and the first pump light and/or for transmitting the sensing signal.
Specifically, the detection signal sequentially passes through the two ports 41a of the second circulator 41, the three ports 43b of the second circulator 43, the first erbium doped fiber 42, the one port 43a of the third circulator 43, and the two ports 43b of the third circulator 43, and then enters the second transmission fiber 8.
The sensing signal enters the second transmission fiber 8 into the two port 43b of the third circulator 43, the three port 43c of the third circulator 43, the one port 41c of the second circulator 41 and the two port 41a of the second circulator 41, and then into the first transmission fiber 7.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the second passive optical amplification unit 402 includes: a second erbium doped fiber 51. The second erbium doped fiber 51 is configured to: the power of the detection signal is increased based on the first pump light provided by the first pump unit 501 and the power of the received sensing signal is increased based on the second pump light provided by the second pump unit 502.
Specifically, the detection signal enters the second erbium-doped fiber 51 from the second transmission fiber 8, and then enters the third transmission fiber 9 from the second erbium-doped fiber 51; the sensing signal enters the second erbium doped fiber 51 from the third transmission fiber and then is output from the second erbium doped fiber 51 into the second transmission fiber 8.
In some embodiments, the third passive optical amplification unit includes: a second wavelength division multiplexing unit and a third erbium-doped fiber connected with the second wavelength division multiplexing unit;
wherein the second wavelength division multiplexing unit is configured to: combining the second pump light conveyed through the transmission optical fiber and/or transmitting the second pump light to the third erbium-doped optical fiber;
the third erbium doped fiber is used for increasing the power of the sensing signal and/or increasing the power of the detection signal.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, in the third passive optical amplifying unit 403, three ports 61a, 61b, 61c of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit 61 are respectively connected to the third transmission optical fiber 9, the fourth transmission optical fiber 10, and the third erbium doped optical fiber 62.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in the third passive optical amplifying unit 403, three ports 61a, 61b, 61c of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit 61 are respectively connected to the third erbium doped fiber 62, the fourth transmission fiber 10, and the fifth transmission fiber 11.
After the first pump light is transmitted through the first transmission optical fiber 7, the residual first pump light sequentially passes through the port 41a of the second circulator 41, the port 41b of the second circulator 41 and then enters the first erbium-doped optical fiber 42, so that amplification of the power of the detection signal is realized; the rest of the first pump light sequentially enters the second erbium-doped fiber 51 through the second transmission fiber 8 and enters the third erbium-doped fiber 62 through the third transmission fiber 9, so that the multistage amplification of the power of the detection signal is realized.
After the second pump light is transmitted through the fifth transmission optical fiber 11, the residual pump light sequentially passes through the pump port 61b and the common port 61c of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit 61, and then enters the third erbium-doped optical fiber 62, so as to amplify the power of the detection signal.
In some embodiments, the preset length of the first transmission optical fiber is determined according to the optical power of the first pump light, the attenuation coefficient of the detection signal in the first transmission optical fiber, and the first total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the first transmission optical fiber; the preset length of the second transmission optical fiber is determined according to the second total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the second transmission optical fiber and the first total attenuation; the preset length of the third transmission optical fiber is determined according to the third total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the third transmission optical fiber and the first total attenuation.
Specifically, as an example, the first transmission fiber line length L1 is: (Ppump-a)/(β+0.023) in km. Wherein, ppump is the pump light power of the first pump unit, and the unit is dBm; a is the total attenuation of the first transmission optical fiber with the line length L1, namely the residual pump light power of the first pump light after passing through the first transmission optical fiber; beta is the attenuation coefficient of the detection signal in the optical fiber, 0.023 is the difference value between the pump light loss coefficient and the detection signal loss coefficient, and the unit is dB/km; the second transmission optical fiber and the third transmission optical fiber have the line lengths of L2 and L3, respectively, and L2=gamma 1 /a，L3＝γ 2 /a，γ 1 ，γ 2 The total loss of the line lengths L2, L3, respectively, i.e. gamma 1 ，γ 2 The residual pump light power of the first pump light passing through the second transmission optical fiber and the residual pump light power of the first pump light passing through the third transmission optical fiber are respectively. The line length of the fourth transmission fiber l5=l1+l2+l3.
In some embodiments, the sum of the line lengths of the first transmission optical fiber, the second transmission optical fiber and the third transmission optical fiber is the same as the line length of the fourth transmission optical fiber, so as to ensure that the residual pump light characteristics of the first pump light and the second pump light in the third passive optical amplification unit have consistency.
In some embodiments, the first pumping unit has a pumping light wavelength range of 1460nm-1475nm; the wavelength range of the pumping light of the second pumping unit is 1475nm-1490nm; the signal wavelength of the detection signal is the same as that of the sensing signal, and the signal wavelength range is 1540nm-1570nm. According to analysis and consideration of noise signal-to-noise ratio and gain effect, the influence of the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal on the detection signal does not exceed the expected effect, the pump light with wavelength of 1460nm-1475nm can achieve better gain effect on the detection signal, the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensing signal is poor, and the pump light with wavelength of 1475nm-1490nm can control the signal-to-noise ratio within a preset range and simultaneously improve the gain effect on the sensing signal to the greatest extent.
In the sensing system provided by the embodiment, two pumping units are placed at the transmitting end station, two pumping light is transmitted to the passive optical amplification unit on the main road by means of two transmission optical fibers, the passive optical amplification unit can be used as a line amplifier, an additional power supply device is not needed on the line, the amplification of detection signals and sensing signals can be realized, and compared with an EDFA amplification technology and an RFA amplification technology, the sensing system is applied to an ultra-long distance distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system, and the sensing distance can be continuously increased by more than 80km, so that the distributed vibration sensing with the length of 165-175km is realized. On the premise of no relay, the enhancement of the signal light power is realized, the sensing distance of the phi-OTDR system is effectively improved, and the method has good practical value in the long-distance monitoring process.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the foregoing processes do not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of the processes should be determined by the functions and internal logic thereof, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application. The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present application are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above described device embodiments are only illustrative, e.g. the division of the modules is only one logical function division, and there may be other divisions in practice, such as: multiple modules or components may be combined, or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. In addition, the various components shown or discussed may be coupled or directly coupled or communicatively coupled to each other via some interface, whether indirectly coupled or communicatively coupled to devices or modules, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise.
The modules described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; can be located in one place or distributed to a plurality of network modules; some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims. Various modifications and variations may be made in the embodiments according to the present application by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of the application, but they are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (8)
1. A sensing system, comprising: the device comprises an optical transmitting module, a first circulator, a first wavelength division multiplexing module, a passive optical amplifying module, a pumping module, an optical receiving module and at least four sections of transmission optical fibers; the pumping module comprises a first pumping unit and a second pumping unit; the passive optical amplification module comprises at least three passive optical amplification units;
the three ports of the first circulator are respectively connected with the optical transmitting module, the optical receiving module and the first wavelength division multiplexing module; the first pumping unit is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexing module; the second pumping unit is connected with the passive optical amplification module through the transmission optical fiber; the first wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the passive optical amplification module in series through the transmission optical fiber; each passive optical amplifying unit in the passive optical amplifying module is sequentially connected through the transmission optical fiber; the at least four sections of transmission optical fibers meet a preset length;
the passive optical amplification unit is used for increasing the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light provided by the first pump unit and/or increasing the power of the received sensing signal based on the second pump light provided by the second pump unit; the detection signal is provided by the optical transmission module; the sensing signal is provided by a sensing device;
the at least three passive optical amplification modules include at least: the first passive optical amplifying unit, the second passive optical amplifying unit and the third passive optical amplifying unit; the at least four segments of transmission fiber comprise at least: a first transmission optical fiber, a second transmission optical fiber, a third transmission optical fiber and a fourth transmission optical fiber;
the first wavelength division multiplexing module is connected with the first passive optical amplification unit through a first transmission optical fiber, the first passive optical amplification unit is connected with the second passive optical amplification unit through a second transmission optical fiber, and the second passive optical amplification unit is connected with the third passive optical amplification unit through a third transmission optical fiber; the second pumping unit is connected with the third passive optical amplification unit through a fourth transmission optical fiber;
the first transmission optical fiber and the fourth transmission optical fiber are respectively two different fiber cores in the same optical cable; the first transmission optical fiber, the second transmission optical fiber and the third transmission optical fiber are the same fiber core in the same optical cable;
the first passive optical amplification unit includes: the second circulator, the first erbium-doped fiber and the third circulator; three ports of the second circulator are respectively connected with the first wavelength division multiplexing module, the third circulator and the first erbium-doped optical fiber; three ports of the third circulator are respectively connected with the second circulator, the first erbium-doped optical fiber and the second passive optical amplification unit;
the first erbium-doped fiber is used for increasing the power of the detection signal based on the first pump light;
the second circulator and the third circulator are used for transmitting the detection signal and the first pump light and/or transmitting the sensing signal;
the third passive optical amplification unit includes: the second wavelength division multiplexing unit and the third erbium-doped optical fiber connected with the second wavelength division multiplexing unit;
wherein the second wavelength division multiplexing unit is configured to: combining the second pump light and the sensing signal transmitted through the fourth transmission optical fiber and/or transmitting the second pump light to the third erbium-doped optical fiber;
the third erbium doped fiber is used for increasing the power of the sensing signal and/or increasing the power of the detection signal.
2. The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the sensor system comprises a sensor system,
the first transmission optical fiber, the second transmission optical fiber, the third transmission optical fiber and the fourth transmission optical fiber satisfy a preset length.
3. The sensing system of claim 2, wherein the second passive optical amplification unit comprises: a second erbium-doped optical fiber; the second erbium-doped fiber is used for: the power of the detection signal is increased based on the first pump light provided by the first pump unit and the power of the received sensing signal is increased based on the second pump light provided by the second pump unit.
4. The sensing system of claim 2, wherein a sum of line lengths of the first transmission fiber, the second transmission fiber, and the third transmission fiber is the same as a line length of the fourth transmission fiber.
5. The sensing system of claim 2, wherein the predetermined length of the first transmission fiber is determined based on an optical power of the first pump light, an attenuation coefficient of the probe signal in the first transmission fiber, and a first total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the first transmission fiber; the preset length of the second transmission optical fiber is determined according to the second total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the second transmission optical fiber and the first total attenuation; the preset length of the third transmission optical fiber is determined according to the third total attenuation of the first pump light after passing through the third transmission optical fiber and the first total attenuation.
6. The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the optical transmission module transmits the probe signal, the first circulator transmits the probe signal to the first wavelength division multiplexing module, the first wavelength division multiplexing module combines the first pump light received from the first pump unit and the probe signal to transmit the combined wave to the passive optical amplification module through the transmission optical fiber, and each passive optical amplification unit in the passive optical amplification module increases the power of the probe signal based on the first pump light transmitted by the transmission optical fiber.
7. The sensing system of claim 1, wherein a passive optical amplification unit in the passive optical amplification module increases power of the received sensing signal based on the received second pump light and transmits the increased power sensing signal to the first wavelength division multiplexing module through the transmission optical fiber, the first wavelength division multiplexing module transmitting the sensing signal to the first circulator, the first circulator transmitting the sensing signal to the optical receiving module.
8. The sensing system of claim 1, wherein the first pumping unit has a pumping light wavelength range of 1460nm-1475nm; the wavelength range of the pumping light of the second pumping unit is 1475nm-1490nm; the signal wavelength of the detection signal is the same as that of the sensing signal, and the signal wavelength range is 1540nm-1570nm.
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