CN112038878B - Distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on far pump amplifier and Raman amplifier - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on far pump amplifier and Raman amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN112038878B CN112038878B CN202011001965.4A CN202011001965A CN112038878B CN 112038878 B CN112038878 B CN 112038878B CN 202011001965 A CN202011001965 A CN 202011001965A CN 112038878 B CN112038878 B CN 112038878B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094042—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser
- H01S3/094046—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser of a Raman fibre laser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/1301—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude in optical amplifiers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on a far pump amplifier and a Raman amplifier, which comprises: a vibration detection unit providing signal light; a first laser source providing a first pump light; the head end of the first sensing optical fiber receives the beam combining light of the first pump light and the signal light; a far pump amplifier module connected to a tail end of the first sensing fiber, the far pump amplifier including an erbium-doped fiber for amplifying the signal light in an input; a second sensing fiber having a head end receiving the output of the far pump amplifier module. The invention effectively increases the sensing distance of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on a far pump amplifier and a Raman amplifier.
Background
A distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system (DAS for short) transmits pulse laser to a sensing optical fiber, and receives coherent light which is spontaneously emitted from the optical fiber and scattered backward in the optical fiber at a light injection end. The external disturbance received by the optical fiber is sensed by detecting the change of the coherent light intensity caused by the external vibration to obtain vibration information. The technical method has the advantages of high sensitivity, high measurement response speed, capability of realizing long-distance fully-distributed sensing, suitability for monitoring the perturbation time, and wide application in the fields of large building structure safety protection, perimeter security protection of important places and the like.
In practical engineering application of the optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system, signal light needs to be amplified at the moment because the actual loss ratio of the optical cable is large or the length of the optical cable exceeds the maximum distance which can be reached by the DAS. Sensing measurement is generally performed by using laid optical cables, and the length of some optical cables on an engineering site is longer than the maximum length which can be measured by the DAS. Or even if the cable length is within the maximum length that can be measured by the DAS, the transmission loss of the cable is relatively large for various reasons.
The brillouin amplifier is also a distributed amplifier, but the bandwidth of the brillouin amplifier is narrow and is greatly affected by temperature, so that the amplification of a transmission signal is affected, and the brillouin amplifier is not suitable for being used in a DAS sensing system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on a far pump amplifier and a Raman amplifier, wherein the far pump amplifier or the Raman amplifier applied to a non-relay optical communication system is applied to the optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system in some embodiments of the invention, the two technologies can greatly improve the capacity of the existing optical fiber system, increase the detection distance of the sensing system and reduce the cost of the system, so that the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system is widely applied to the fields of long-distance optical fiber communication systems, optical fiber sensing systems, scientific research and the like, and the two technologies are applied to the optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system to improve the sensing distance of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on a far pump amplifier and a Raman amplifier comprises: a vibration detection unit providing signal light; a first laser source providing a first pump light; the head end of the first sensing optical fiber receives the beam combining light of the first pump light and the signal light; a far pump amplifier module connected to a tail end of the first sensing fiber, the far pump amplifier including an erbium-doped fiber for amplifying the signal light in an input; a second sensing fiber having a head end receiving the output of the far pump amplifier module.
Preferably, the fiber acoustic wave sensing system comprises: and the second laser source provides second pump light and inputs the second pump light into the second sensing optical fiber. The first pump light is 1480nm and the second pump light is 1455 nm. The far pump amplifier comprises a wavelength division multiplexer for separating the first pump light and the signal light, an attenuator for adjusting the separated first pump light, and another wavelength division multiplexer for combining the adjusted first pump light and the signal light again, wherein the first pump light and the signal light after being combined again are input into the erbium-doped optical fiber.
Preferably, the first pump light is 1455 nm. The optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system comprises: and the third laser source provides third pump light which is used for inputting the combined beam into the erbium-doped optical fiber after being combined with the combined beam again. The third pump light is 1480 nm.
Preferably, a first circulator is connected between the first sensing optical fiber and the far pump amplifier module, a first end of the first circulator is connected to a tail end of the first sensing optical fiber, a second end of the first circulator is connected to an input end of the far pump amplifier, the first circulator further includes a third end, incident light at the first end of the first circulator is led out from the second end of the first circulator, and incident light at the third end of the first circulator is led out from the first end of the first circulator.
Preferably, a second circulator is connected between the second sensing optical fiber and the far pump amplifier module, a first end of the second circulator is connected with the output end of the far pump amplifier, a second end of the second circulator is connected with the head end of the second sensing optical fiber, a third end of the second circulator is connected with a third end of the first circulator, incident light at the first end of the second circulator is led out from the second end, and incident light at the second end of the second circulator is led out from the third end.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the main factor restricting the large-scale application of the high-speed and ultra-long distance communication system is the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), the scheme has unique advantages in improving the OSNR of the system, the characteristic of low Noise coefficient can obviously reduce the degradation speed of the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio in the Optical fiber communication system, and the scheme has important significance in prolonging the transmission distance, expanding the span interval, reducing the system cost and the like;
the remote pump amplifier module is an amplifier arranged in a system line, and is different from a preamplifier and a power amplifier used by a receiving end and a transmitting end; by "remote pump" is meant that the pump source of the amplifier is at a relatively long distance from the erbium doped fiber as the gain medium, so that the pump source can be placed at either the transmitting or receiving end. The far-pump erbium-doped fiber amplifier adopts a 1480nm laser as a pump source, has higher efficiency than a 980nnm pump source, and simultaneously, the transmission loss of 1480nm light in a line is much lower than that of 980 nnm; the far-pump erbium-doped fiber amplifier can realize continuous output and has the excellent characteristics of high gain, low noise coefficient, extremely wide gain bandwidth and the like;
the Raman fiber amplifier adopts a high-performance high-power 1455nm pump laser to realize continuous output, utilizes a transmission fiber as a gain medium, and utilizes energy transfer of incident pump light and medium molecules, namely amplification of weak signal light in a stimulated Raman scattering process, so that the Raman fiber amplifier is a full-waveband amplifier based on the fiber and is also a distributed amplifier; the gain is high, the noise coefficient is low, and the gain bandwidth is extremely wide;
after the remote pump amplifier module and the Raman amplifier are adopted, the transmission distance of the system is prolonged to 100km, so that the sensing distance of the system is effectively increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a waterfall diagram of a DAS apparatus in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment.
Fig. 3 shows the original 100km graph of the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a 100km waterfall graph according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a waterfall diagram of the first 50km according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a waterfall diagram of the last 50km of the first embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 2-6, a distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on a far pump amplifier and a raman amplifier, the fiber acoustic wave sensing system comprising: a vibration detection unit 1 that supplies signal light; a first laser light source 2 that supplies first pump light; the head end of the first sensing optical fiber 3 receives the beam combining light of the first pump light and the signal light; the far pump amplifier module 4 is connected with the tail end of the first sensing optical fiber 3, and comprises an erbium-doped optical fiber 5 for amplifying input signal light; a second sensing fiber 6, the head end of the second sensing fiber 6 receiving the output of the far pump amplifier module 4.
The optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system includes: and a second laser source 7 for providing a second pump light to be input into the second sensing fiber 6.
The first pump light is 1480nm and the second pump light is 1455 nm.
The far pump amplifier module 4 includes a wavelength division multiplexer 8 for separating the first pump light from the signal light, an attenuator 9 for adjusting the separated first pump light, and another wavelength division multiplexer 8 for re-combining the adjusted first pump light and the signal light, and the re-combined first pump light and signal light are input into the erbium-doped fiber 5.
A first circulator 11 is connected between the first sensing optical fiber 3 and the far pump amplifier module 4, a first end of the first circulator 11 is connected with a tail end of the first sensing optical fiber 3, a second end of the first circulator 11 is connected with an input end of the far pump amplifier, the first circulator 11 further comprises a third end, incident light at the first end of the first circulator 11 is led out from the second end, and incident light at the third end of the first circulator 11 is led out from the first end. The first circulator 11 can also be disposed between the wavelength division multiplexer 8 that separates the first pump light and the signal light and another wavelength division multiplexer 8 that combines the adjusted first pump light and the signal light again.
A second circulator 12 is connected between the second sensing optical fiber 6 and the far pump amplifier module 4, a first end of the second circulator 12 is connected with an output end of the far pump amplifier, a second end of the second circulator 12 is connected with a head end of the second sensing optical fiber 6, a third end of the second circulator 12 is connected with a third end of the first circulator 11, incident light at the first end of the second circulator 12 is led out from the second end, and incident light at the second end of the second circulator 12 is led out from the third end.
The length of the detection optical fiber in the system is 100km and the detection optical fiber consists of two sections of 50km optical fibers. The working principle of the system is as follows: a1480 nm laser at one end of the vibration detection unit is used as a far pump source, and light output by the pump source passes through an isolator (the isolator plays a role of preventing reflected light of an optical fiber end face from damaging the laser), enters the wavelength division multiplexer 1 together with 1550nm signal light output by the vibration detection unit, and then enters a 50km detection optical fiber. The devices in the dashed box behind the 50km fiber and the erbium doped fiber constitute the far pump amplifier module. The light output by the module enters a second section of 50km detection optical fiber after passing through a second circulator. A 1455nm laser as a Raman pump source was attached to the tail end of the second 50km section of optical fiber.
The optical fiber circulator works in 1550nm wave band and has 3 ports. The working principle of the circulator is as follows: light input to the first circulator port is directly output to the 2-port, and light input to the second circulator port is directly output to the 3-port.
The second circulator works as follows: and the signal light output by the far pump amplifier directly enters a 2 port after entering a 1 port of the second circulator and then enters a second section of 50km optical fiber. Spontaneous backward Rayleigh scattering coherent light generated in the second section of 50km detection optical fiber enters the port 2 of the second circulator and then directly enters the port 3, then enters the far pump amplifier module, the first section of 50km optical fiber and the wavelength division multiplexer 1, and finally enters the optical fiber distributed vibration detection unit for signal processing, so that the micro-disturbance of the optical fiber along the path is detected.
The 1480nm far pump source has two functions, namely, the pump source is used as a raman pump source and is injected into a long-distance optical fiber to realize distributed amplification of optical signals, and the pump source is used as a pump source and is transmitted into a far pump amplifier module after the optical fiber is 50km, so that the sensing distance of the system is effectively increased.
It can be seen that the waterfall graph of each segment of fiber is very clear. After the far pump erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the Raman amplifier are adopted, the transmission distance of the system is prolonged from 40km to 100km, so that the sensing distance of the system is effectively increased.
Unlike optical communication systems, optical sensing systems are susceptible to nonlinear effects such as four-wave mixing and stimulated raman effects as the power of optical pulses increases. The longer the fiber, the smaller the critical optical power of the stimulated raman. As mentioned above, the 1480nm far-pump source plays two roles, the higher the power is when the transmitting end is used as a raman pump source, the higher the signal gain is, but the signal light generated by the high-power 1480nm laser entering the far-pump amplifier module after passing through the first section of 50km optical fiber is very large, which is easy to cause the nonlinear effect. To this end the invention envisages a remote pump amplifier module as shown within the dashed box in figure 2. The most critical place of the module is to separate the pump light and the signal light for transmission by using two wavelength division multiplexers. The working principle is as follows: 1480nm pump light and 1550nm signal light transmitted in the first 50km optical fiber are separated after entering the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and an adjustable optical attenuator is added on one side of the pump light so as to optimize the power of the pump light entering the erbium-doped optical fiber. The 1550nm signal light enters the 2 port of the first circulator and then directly reaches the 3 port. The attenuated pump light and the signal light simultaneously enter the wavelength division multiplexer 3 for beam combination, and then enter the erbium-doped optical fiber for amplifying 1550nm signal light after passing through the isolator. As mentioned above, the spontaneous backward rayleigh scattering coherent light generated in the second 50km optical fiber enters the 1 port of the first circulator after being output through the 3 port of the second circulator and is directly output through the 2 port. Then the optical fiber enters a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a first section of 50km optical fiber and the wavelength division multiplexer 1, and finally enters an optical fiber distributed vibration detection unit for signal processing so as to detect the micro-disturbance of the optical fiber along the path.
The far pump erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the Raman fiber amplifier are applied to the sensing field from the optical communication field, and the transmission distance of the optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system can be prolonged from 40km to 100km, so that the sensing distance of the system is effectively increased.
Example two
As shown in fig. 7, the distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing system based on a far pump amplifier and a raman amplifier comprises: a vibration detection unit 1 that supplies signal light; a first laser light source 2 that supplies first pump light; the head end of the first sensing optical fiber 3 receives the beam combining light of the first pump light and the signal light; the far pump amplifier module 4 is connected with the tail end of the first sensing optical fiber 3, and comprises an erbium-doped optical fiber 5 for amplifying input signal light; a second sensing fiber 6, the head end of the second sensing fiber 6 receiving the output of the far pump amplifier module 4.
The first pump light was 1455 nm.
The optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system includes: and a third laser source 10 for providing a third pump light for being recombined with the beam combining light and then being inputted to the erbium-doped fiber 5.
The third pump light is 1480 nm.
A first circulator 11 is connected between the first sensing optical fiber 3 and the far pump amplifier module 4, a first end of the first circulator 11 is connected with a tail end of the first sensing optical fiber 3, a second end of the first circulator 11 is connected with an input end of the far pump amplifier, the first circulator 11 further comprises a third end, incident light at the first end of the first circulator 11 is led out from the second end, and incident light at the third end of the first circulator 11 is led out from the first end.
A second circulator 12 is connected between the second sensing optical fiber 6 and the far pump amplifier module 4, a first end of the second circulator 12 is connected with an output end of the far pump amplifier, a second end of the second circulator 12 is connected with a head end of the second sensing optical fiber 6, a third end of the second circulator 12 is connected with a third end of the first circulator 11, incident light at the first end of the second circulator 12 is led out from the second end, and incident light at the second end of the second circulator 12 is led out from the third end.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements based on the disclosure of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing system based on a remote pump amplifier and a raman amplifier, the distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing system comprising:
a vibration detection unit providing signal light;
a first laser source providing a first pump light;
the head end of the first sensing optical fiber receives the beam combining light of the first pump light and the signal light;
a far pump amplifier module connected to a tail end of the first sensing fiber, the far pump amplifier including an erbium-doped fiber for amplifying the signal light in an input;
a second sensing fiber having a head end receiving the output of the far pump amplifier module;
the far pump amplifier module comprises a wavelength division multiplexer for separating the first pump light from the signal light, an attenuator for adjusting the separated first pump light, and another wavelength division multiplexer for re-combining the adjusted first pump light and the signal light, wherein the re-combined first pump light and the signal light are input into the erbium-doped optical fiber;
a first circulator is connected between the first sensing optical fiber and the far pump amplifier module, a first end of the first circulator is connected with the tail end of the first sensing optical fiber, a second end of the first circulator is connected with the input end of the far pump amplifier, the first circulator further comprises a third end, incident light at the first end of the first circulator is led out from the second end of the first circulator, and incident light at the third end of the first circulator is led out from the first end of the first circulator;
a second circulator is connected between the second sensing optical fiber and the far pump amplifier module, the first end of the second circulator is connected with the output end of the far pump amplifier, the second end of the second circulator is connected with the head end of the second sensing optical fiber, the third end of the second circulator is connected with the third end of the first circulator, the incident light at the first end of the second circulator is led out from the second end, and the incident light at the second end of the second circulator is led out from the third end.
2. The remote pump amplifier and raman amplifier based distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing system according to claim 1, wherein said fiber optic acoustic wave sensing system comprises:
and the second laser source provides second pump light and inputs the second pump light into the second sensing optical fiber.
3. The remote pump amplifier and raman amplifier based distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing system according to claim 2, wherein said first pump light is 1480nm and said second pump light is 1455 nm.
4. The remote-pump and raman-amplifier based distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing system according to claim 1, wherein said first pump light is 1455 nm.
5. The remote pump amplifier and raman amplifier based distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing system according to claim 4, wherein said fiber optic acoustic wave sensing system comprises:
and the third laser source provides third pump light which is used for inputting the combined beam into the erbium-doped optical fiber after being combined with the combined beam again.
6. The remote pump amplifier and raman amplifier based distributed fiber acoustic wave sensing system according to claim 5, wherein said third pump light is 1480 nm.
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| CN112504969B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-05-14 | 四川大学 | Pipeline flange weld joint health detection device and method based on distributed acoustic sensing |
| CN114509095B (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-12-12 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Sensing system |
| CN115290181B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-27 | 之江实验室 | Distributed acoustic wave sensing system based on random laser amplification and scattering enhanced optical fiber |
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