CN110657878A - Sound collection distributed optical fiber sensing system based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR - Google Patents
Sound collection distributed optical fiber sensing system based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical group [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
- G01D5/35329—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in transmission, e.g. Mach-Zender interferometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
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- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sound collection distributed optical fiber sensing system based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a phi-OTDR, which comprises a laser, a first coupler, an optical modulator, a first optical fiber amplifier, an optical fiber circulator, a second optical fiber amplifier, a first photoelectric detector, a second coupler, a third coupler, an optical fiber sound collection box, a second photoelectric detector, a data collection processing module and a four-core detection optical fiber, wherein the second coupler and the third coupler form the Mach-Zehnder interferometer system, the sound collection function is realized through the optical fiber sound collection box, the optical fiber circulator and the four-core detection optical fiber form the phi-OTDR, the distributed optical fiber sensing function is realized, the sound collection and the distributed optical fiber sensing function are simultaneously realized through the sensing system, meanwhile, the same four-core detection optical fiber is shared, and the utilization rate of optical fiber resources is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distributed optical fiber sensing, in particular to a sound collection distributed optical fiber sensing system based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a phi-OTDR.
Background
The distributed optical fiber sensing system is widely applied to the fields of peripheral safety, electric power, coal mines, traffic and the like at present, can monitor system change in real time, and plays an important role in maintaining normal operation of the system, protecting lives and properties of people and the like.
The principle of the existing distributed optical fiber sensing system is as follows: an optical signal emitted by the laser is modulated into a pulse signal and is injected into the detection optical fiber, and the optical signal can generate backward scattering light in the detection optical fiber; when disturbance occurs at a position of the detection optical fiber, the backward scattering light is converted, and vibration information is obtained through demodulation of the backward scattering light. The optical fiber acoustic sensing system mainly utilizes the interference of the detection light and the reference light to obtain the acoustic information. Therefore, no sound signal can be obtained in the current distributed optical fiber sensing system.
However, in practical applications, besides detecting a vibration signal, a distributed optical fiber sensing system often needs to monitor or conduct sound at a certain position, and multiple sets of optical fiber sensing systems are needed, so that the cost is high, and the utilization rate of optical fibers is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a sound collection distributed optical fiber sensing system based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a phi-OTDR, which can monitor or conduct sound at a certain position, has a simple structure and is low in cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a sound collection distributed optical fiber sensing system based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a phi-OTDR comprises a laser, a first coupler, an optical modulator, a first optical fiber amplifier, an optical fiber circulator, a second optical fiber amplifier, a first photoelectric detector, a second coupler, a third coupler, an optical fiber sound collection box, a second photoelectric detector, a data collection processing module and a four-core detection optical fiber;
the laser is connected with a first coupler, the first coupler is respectively connected with the input end of the optical modulator and the input end of a second coupler, the optical modulator is connected with the end A of the optical fiber circulator through a first optical fiber amplifier, the end B of the optical fiber circulator is connected with the end C of the four-core detection optical fiber, and the end C of the optical fiber circulator is connected to a first photoelectric detector through a second optical fiber amplifier;
two output ends of the second coupler are respectively connected to the input end of a third coupler after passing through an a core and a b core of the detection optical fiber, an optical fiber sound-collecting box is arranged between the a core of the detection optical fiber and the third coupler, and the output end of the third coupler is connected to a second photoelectric detector through a d core of the detection optical fiber;
the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are connected to the data acquisition and processing module, the pulse driver is connected with the optical modulator, and the pulse driver drives the optical modulator to output pulse optical signals.
Laser emitted by the laser is divided into two paths of optical signals through the first coupler, one path of optical signals enters the input end of the optical modulator, the other path of optical signals enters the second coupler, incident light is divided into two paths of signals by the second coupler, one path of signals is used as reference light and is connected with the four-core detection optical fiber B, the other path of signals is connected with the input end of the optical pickup box through the four-core detection optical fiber a, the output end of the optical pickup box is connected with the third coupler through the four-core detection optical fiber a, output optical signals of the third coupler enter the second photoelectric detector through the four-core detection optical fiber d, the pulse driver drives the optical modulator to output pulse optical signals, the pulse optical signals are connected with the A end of the optical fiber circulator through the first optical fiber amplifier, the B end of the optical fiber circulator is connected with the four-core detection optical fiber C, and output optical signals of the C end of the optical fiber circulator enter the first photoelectric amplifier through the second optical fiber amplifier And the signals after photoelectric conversion of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector enter a data acquisition processing module to realize sound acquisition.
Preferably, the detection optical fiber is a four-core detection optical fiber.
Preferably, the laser is connected to the first coupler through an isolator.
Preferably, the laser has a center wavelength of 1550nm and a line width of 3 kHz.
Preferably, the optical modulator is an acousto-optic modulator.
Preferably, the coupling ratio of the first coupler is 90:10, and the coupling ratio of the second coupler is 50: 50.
It is further preferred that 90% of the optical signal from the first coupler passes through the optical modulator and 10% of the optical signal from the first coupler enters the second coupler.
Preferably, the optical fiber sound-collecting box is a passive optical fiber microphone.
Preferably, the optical fiber amplifier is an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
On the basis of measuring the sound at the sound collecting box, the distributed optical fiber sensing function can be further realized, and the vibration condition of the optical fiber laying position is measured.
The pickup box device does not need an optical fiber grating and a vibrating diaphragm, and integrates an M-Z system and a phi-OTDR system through adjustment of a system structure, so that sound collection and vibration measurement can be realized, sound collection can be realized, a distributed sensing function can be realized, and the sound collection function and the distributed optical fiber sensing function can be realized through adjustment of the system structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer system, the second coupler and the third coupler form the Mach-Zehnder interferometer system, and the sound collection function is achieved through the pickup box.
2. The optical fiber circulator and the four-core detection optical fiber form a phi-OTDR to realize a distributed optical fiber sensing function.
3. The sensing system of this application realizes sound collection and distributed optical fiber sensing function simultaneously, and the same root four-core detection optic fibre of sharing improves optic fibre resource utilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a distributed acoustic fiber sensing system based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers and phi-OTDR
Wherein: 1. a laser; 2. an isolator; 3. a first coupler; 4. an optical modulator; 5. a first fiber amplifier; 15. a pulse driver; 6. a fiber optic circulator; 7. a second fiber amplifier; 8. a first photodetector; 9. a second coupler; 12. a third coupler; 11. an optical fiber sound pickup box; 13. a second photodetector; 14. a data acquisition processing module; 10. four-core detection fiber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described by way of examples, but not limited thereto, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a distributed optical fiber sensing system with a sound collection function based on a mach-zehnder interferometer and a phi-OTDR includes a laser 1, an isolator 2, a first coupler 3, an optical modulator 4, a first optical fiber amplifier 5, a pulse driver 15, an optical fiber circulator 6, a second optical fiber amplifier 7, a first photodetector 8, a second coupler 9, a third coupler 12, an optical fiber sound collection box 11, a second photodetector 13, a data collection processing module 14, and a four-core detection optical fiber 10.
The laser 1 emits narrow-band laser, and enters the first coupler 3 through the isolator 2, the first coupler 3 divides an optical signal into two paths of signals, one path of the signals is 90% of the narrow-band laser, and the other path of the signals is 10% of the narrow-band laser.
Further, 90% of the optical signal is modulated into a pulsed optical signal by the optical modulator 4. The pulse light signal enters the end A of the optical fiber circulator 6 after being amplified by the first optical fiber amplifier 5, and the light signal enters the four-core detection optical fiber 10 from the end B of the optical fiber circulator 6. When the four-core detection optical fiber 10 is disturbed, the refractive index of the optical fiber near the disturbance point changes, so that the intensity of coherent backward rayleigh scattered light changes, the coherent backward rayleigh scattered light enters the end B of the optical fiber circulator 6 and then is emitted from the end C of the optical fiber circulator 6, and the coherent backward rayleigh scattered light is amplified by the second optical fiber amplifier 7 and then enters the signal acquisition and processing module 14 through the first photoelectric detector 8, so that corresponding vibration information is obtained.
Further, another 10% narrow-band laser beam enters a second coupler 9, the second coupler 9 divides the optical signal into two 50% and 50% optical signals, one path of the optical signal is connected to a core b in the four-core detection optical fiber 10 and is used as reference light, the other path of the optical signal is connected to a core a in the four-core detection optical fiber 10 and is used as test light, and the optical fiber pickup box 11 is connected to a core a in the four-core detection optical fiber. When sound exists, the optical fiber in the optical fiber sound collection box 11 vibrates to cause the light intensity of the test light to change, the test light and the reference light interfere in the third coupler 12 to form an interference signal, the interference signal enters the second photoelectric detector 13 through the d core in the four-core detection optical fiber 10, and the sound signal at the optical fiber sound collection box 11 is obtained through the signal acquisition processing module 14.
The laser 1 is a narrow linewidth laser for generating a continuous laser signal.
The isolator 2 is used for limiting the propagation direction of the optical signal, so that the laser signal can only be propagated in a single direction, the propagation efficiency of the optical wave is increased, and meanwhile, the reflected light is prevented from damaging the laser.
The first coupler 3, the second coupler 9 and the third coupler 12 are used for dividing the optical signal into two signals or combining the two signals into one signal.
The pulse driver 15 is used for driving the optical modulator 4 to modulate the laser signal emitted by the laser 1 into a pulse signal.
The first optical fiber amplifier 5 and the second optical fiber amplifier 7 are used for increasing the peak power of the optical signal.
The optical fiber circulator 6 is a multi-port optical device, and an optical signal can be output only from a port next to the port in the arrow direction or the alphabetical direction after being input from a certain port.
The optical fiber sound collecting box 11 is a passive device made of optical fibers, sound vibration causes light intensity change of optical signals in the optical fiber sound collecting box 11, and sound can be collected through optical signal processing.
The above description is only an exemplary description of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and other embodiments, concepts or structural alternatives of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sound collection distributed optical fiber sensing system based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a phi-OTDR is characterized by comprising a laser, a first coupler, an optical modulator, a first optical fiber amplifier, an optical fiber circulator, a second optical fiber amplifier, a first photoelectric detector, a second coupler, a third coupler, an optical fiber sound collection box, a second photoelectric detector, a data collection processing module and a four-core detection optical fiber;
the laser is connected with a first coupler, the first coupler is respectively connected with the input end of the optical modulator and the input end of a second coupler, the optical modulator is connected with the end A of the optical fiber circulator through a first optical fiber amplifier, the end B of the optical fiber circulator is connected with the end C of the four-core detection optical fiber, and the end C of the optical fiber circulator is connected to a first photoelectric detector through a second optical fiber amplifier;
two output ends of the second coupler are respectively connected to the input end of a third coupler after passing through an a core and a b core of the detection optical fiber, an optical fiber sound-collecting box is arranged between the a core of the detection optical fiber and the third coupler, and the output end of the third coupler is connected to a second photoelectric detector through a d core of the detection optical fiber;
the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are connected to the data acquisition and processing module, the pulse driver is connected with the optical modulator, and the pulse driver drives the optical modulator to output pulse optical signals.
2. The mach-zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR based pitch distributed optical fiber sensing system of claim 1, wherein the detection fiber is a four-core detection fiber.
3. A mach-zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR based pitch distributed optical fiber sensing system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said laser is connected to said first coupler through an isolator.
4. The mach-zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR based pitch distributed optical fiber sensing system of claim 1, wherein the center wavelength of the laser is 1550nm, and the linewidth is 3 kHz.
5. A mach-zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR based pitch distributed optical fiber sensing system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said optical modulator is an acousto-optic modulator.
6. A mach-zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR based pitch distributed optical fiber sensing system in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the coupling ratio of said first coupler is 90:10 and the coupling ratio of said second coupler is 50: 50.
7. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR based pitch distributed optical fiber sensing system as claimed in claim 6 wherein 90% of the optical signal from the first coupler passes through the optical modulator and 10% of the optical signal from the first coupler enters the second coupler.
8. The mach-zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR based pitch distributed optical fiber sensing system of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber pickup box is a passive fiber microphone.
9. The mach-zehnder interferometer and phi-OTDR based pitch distributed optical fiber sensing system of claim 1, wherein said optical fiber amplifier is an erbium doped fiber amplifier.
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CN114623920A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-14 | 北京航空航天大学 | phi-OTDR type distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing system and signal demodulation method |
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