CN114508690B - Method for measuring heat leakage quantity of low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level - Google Patents
Method for measuring heat leakage quantity of low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level Download PDFInfo
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- CN114508690B CN114508690B CN202111594703.8A CN202111594703A CN114508690B CN 114508690 B CN114508690 B CN 114508690B CN 202111594703 A CN202111594703 A CN 202111594703A CN 114508690 B CN114508690 B CN 114508690B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 201000005569 Gout Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring heat leakage of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level. The invention divides the heat leakage in the solar evaporation rate measurement into two parts: (1) a portion of the latent heat of vaporization of the boil-off gas; (2) The change part of the enthalpy value of the evaporated gas flowing in the gas cylinder is used for constructing a new heat leakage amount calculation method based on the change part of the enthalpy value, so that the measurement and calculation of the heat leakage amount of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level are realized, the use of a test medium can be effectively reduced, and the test cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat insulation performance measurement, in particular to a method for measuring heat leakage of a low-temperature heat insulation gas cylinder under any liquid level.
Background
With the rapid development of domestic industry, particularly chemical industry, the demands for various gases are rapidly increased, enterprises select low-temperature liquid forms to store the gases, the safety and the storage efficiency can be improved, the rapid development of domestic low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinders is promoted, the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinders belong to pressure containers in special equipment, and the heat-insulating performance is required to be measured periodically in the use process. Currently, the standard specifies a test item that is a solar evaporation rate value. The solar evaporation rate value reflects the heat leakage of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under the specified test condition, but the filling rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is required to reach 90% in the test, so that a large amount of gas is wasted, and if the filling rate is less than 90%, a large amount of test gas can be saved, but the test result and the result under the 90% liquid level have certain difference. The invention establishes a new heat leakage amount calculation method, realizes measurement and calculation of the heat leakage amount of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level, effectively reduces the use of test media and reduces the test cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for measuring the leakage heat of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level, which can realize the measurement of the daily evaporation rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level and convert the measurement result into a standard required result.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the heat leakage quantity of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling a measuring medium into a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder with measurement, measuring the medium liquid level Le, and measuring the gas flow V at the outlet of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder by using a flowmeter gout And gas density ρ g ；
Step 2, obtaining the heat leakage Q of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder according to the following formula w ：
Wherein h is g Enthalpy value for the vaporized gas flowing out of the low temperature insulated cylinder; h is a g ＝c p ×T g Wherein c p Constant pressure specific heat capacity for gas; t (T) g The temperature of the gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is related to the medium liquid level Le; h is a v Is the enthalpy value of saturated evaporation gas; ρ l Is the density of saturated liquid ρ v The density of saturated gas in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder; h is a fga Is at low temperatureThe latent heat of vaporization of the test medium in the insulated cylinder.
Further, the measuring medium is liquid nitrogen.
Further, the pressure in the low temperature insulated gas cylinder is consistent with the test ambient pressure.
Further, for a vertical cylinder, according to T g = -42.7le+120, obtaining T g The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Le is the liquid level of the medium in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder.
Further, for a horizontal cylinder, according to T g = -82.7le+160, obtaining T g The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Le is the liquid level of the medium in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder.
Further, the gas density ρ g Enthalpy value h of saturated vapor v Density ρ of saturated liquid l Density ρ of saturated gas v And latent heat of vaporization h fga Obtained from the medium property test.
The beneficial effects are that:
the invention divides the heat leakage in the solar evaporation rate measurement into two parts: (1) a portion of the latent heat of vaporization of the boil-off gas; (2) The change part of the enthalpy value of the evaporated gas flowing in the gas cylinder is used for constructing a new heat leakage amount calculation method based on the change part of the enthalpy value, so that the measurement and calculation of the heat leakage amount of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level are realized, the use of a test medium can be effectively reduced, and the test cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device, which mainly comprises a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder to be measured, a liquid level meter, a flowmeter, a valve and the like. In the figure, le is liquid level measurement, MF is flow measurement, P pressure sensor, T temperature measurement.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for measuring the heat leakage quantity of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level.
The flow method and the weighing method are used in the standard (GB/T18443.5-2010) to measure the leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, the test and the schematic diagram are shown in figure 1, and the test flow is as follows:
(1) Filling more than 90% of test low-temperature medium in the measured low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder;
(2) Completely opening the deflation valve of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder to deflate so as to ensure the pressure p in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder v And test ambient pressure p e Substantially identical;
(3) Standing for more than 48 hours to enable the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder to be in a heat stable state;
(4) Installing a flow meter or measuring the mass of vaporised gas using a scale, wherein the flow meter measures the instantaneous flow V g (Unit m) 3 S) and the cumulative flow V ac (m 3 ) The evaporation mass is:
Δm＝ρ g V ac
measuring initial mass m of low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder and low-temperature medium i And ending mass m e (kg unit) evaporation mass is:
Δm＝m i -m e
the test time is required to be not less than 24 hours. The solar evaporation rate value alpha of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder 20 The (unit%/day) is:
in the formula, t is the test time (hours).
(5) The heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is Q w (unit W):
in the formula, h fga (unit J/kg) is the vaporization latent heat of the low-temperature medium.
It can be seen that the calculation of the leakage heat in the standard measurement method only considers the vaporization latent heat of the vaporized gas, so that the measurement result under other liquid conditions has a larger error with the measurement result of the specified 90% liquid level because the filling rate of the low-temperature insulated gas cylinder in the test is required to reach 90%.
In the invention, the factors influencing the heat leakage are analyzed in the process of measuring the solar evaporation rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, and the process of absorbing the heat leakage in the process of measuring the solar evaporation rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is found as follows: firstly, a part of low-temperature liquid in a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is evaporated into saturated gas, and a part of leaked heat (vaporization latent heat) is absorbed; second, the vaporized gas flows from the gas-liquid interface to the low-temperature adiabatic gas cylinder outlet, and the temperature thereof increases, and becomes unsaturated gas, absorbing a part of heat (enthalpy value increases). The sum of the two parts of heat is the heat leakage of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder. The amount of heat leak in the daily evaporation rate measurement is actually two parts: (1) a portion of the latent heat of vaporization of the boil-off gas; (2) The change part of the enthalpy value of the evaporation gas flowing in the gas cylinder. In the existing calculation method, only the 1 st part is considered, and the 2 nd part is not considered, so that the calculation method is required to be filled with more than 90%, and errors are large when the calculation method is lower than 90%.
Based on the analysis, the invention establishes a new heat leakage amount calculation method, thereby realizing the measurement and calculation of the heat leakage amount of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level, further effectively reducing the use of test media and lowering the test cost.
Specifically, the method for calculating the heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder comprises the following steps:
the heat leak is calculated according to the formula (1):
wherein Q is w Is the heat leakage quantity (W), ρ l Is saturated liquid density (kg/m) 3 )，ρ g Is of gas density (kg/m) 3 )，V gout For the gas flow (m 3 S) (measured value), h g Enthalpy value (kJ/kg) of the boil-off gas flowing out of the cryogenic adiabatic cylinder, h v For saturated vapor enthalpy (kJ/kg), p v Is the pressure in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder and is equal to the test ambient pressure p e Substantially identical; ρ v Saturation in low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinderDensity of gas (kg/m) 3 ) M is the mass (kg/s) of evaporated gas of liquid in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, h fga The latent heat of vaporization (kJ/kg) of the test medium in a low temperature insulated gas cylinder.
The mathematical relationship between the mass M of the evaporated gas in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder and the volume of the gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is as follows:
from the formulas (1) and (2), the heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder can be calculated according to the formula (3):
the known quantities in equation (3) are: ρ g Density of gas, h v Enthalpy value ρ of saturated evaporated gas l Density, ρ of saturated liquid v Density of saturated gas, h fga Latent heat of vaporization, both of which can be derived from the test medium properties; v (V) gout Measured by a flow meter in a daily evaporation rate measurement; h is a g In order to evaporate the enthalpy value of the gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, the temperature T of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is required to be used g Determining the T g In relation to the medium level Le.
Wherein, the vertical gas cylinder is determined according to formula (4):
T g ＝-42.7Le+120 (4)
wherein, horizontal gas cylinder is according to formula (5) confirm:
T g ＝-82.7Le+160 (5)
wherein T is g In order to measure the gas temperature (K) flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, le is the liquid level of the low-temperature medium in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder. Thus, the enthalpy of the boil-off gas exiting the cryogenic insulated cylinder can be calculated from equation (6):
h g ＝c p ×T g (6)
in the formula, c p The specific heat capacity (kJ/(kg. K)) was determined for the gas. In sum, the heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level measuring condition can be solved according to the formula (3).
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the invention, which is composed of a measured low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, a liquid level meter, a flowmeter, a valve and the like. The liquid level is measured to the liquid level value in the low temperature heat insulation gas cylinder, and pressure sensor continuously measures the pressure change value of low temperature heat insulation gas cylinder along with time. Le is liquid level measurement, MF is flow measurement, P pressure sensor, T temperature measurement.
For example, a 175L low temperature insulated cylinder, with heat leak measured at various levels according to standard methods, is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Le(％) | V gout (L/min) | Q w1 (W) | E(％) |
| 89.6 | 1.196 | 4.87 | -- |
| 81.1 | 1.166 | 4.75 | 2.51 |
| 73.6 | 1.136 | 4.63 | 5.02 |
| 58.7 | 1.107 | 4.51 | 7.44 |
| 47.9 | 1.077 | 4.39 | 9.95 |
| 20.0 | 1.025 | 4.17 | 14.30 |
With the measurement result at 89.6% liquid level as a standard value, it can be seen that the error of the heat leak gradually increases as the liquid level decreases. Q in Table 1 w1 The heat leak in the standard method is the vaporization latent heat of the evaporated gas.
The results obtained by calculation of the method for measuring and calculating the heat leakage of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Le(％) | T g (K) | Q w1 (W) | Q w2 (W) | Q W (W) | E(％) |
| 89.6 | 81.74 | 4.87 | 0.10 | 4.97 | —— |
| 81.1 | 85.37 | 4.75 | 0.19 | 4.94 | 0.60 |
| 73.6 | 88.57 | 4.63 | 0.26 | 4.89 | 1.61 |
| 58.7 | 94.94 | 4.51 | 0.41 | 4.92 | 1.01 |
| 47.9 | 99.55 | 4.39 | 0.51 | 4.90 | 1.42 |
| 20.0 | 111.46 | 4.17 | 0.76 | 4.93 | 0.81 |
In Table 2, Q w2 For the heat absorbed by the evaporated gas flowing from the gas-liquid interface to the outlet (enthalpy value is increased) in the daily evaporation rate measurement of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, Q W Is the total heat leakage.
Q w2 ＝ρ g V gout (h g -h v )
Q W ＝Q w1 +Q w2
Comparing the measurement results of tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the heat leak value measured under other liquid level conditions is calculated again by the new calculation method, and the error under each liquid level condition is significantly reduced, so that the consistency is good.
In summary, the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for measuring the heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, filling a measuring medium into the belt for measurementIn the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, the medium liquid level Le is measured, and a flowmeter is adopted to measure the gas flow V at the outlet of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder gout And gas density ρ g ；
Step 2, obtaining the heat leakage Q of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder according to the following formula w ：
Wherein h is g Enthalpy value for the vaporized gas flowing out of the low temperature insulated cylinder; h is a g ＝c p ×T g Wherein c p Constant pressure specific heat capacity for gas; t (T) g The temperature of the gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is related to the medium liquid level Le; h is a v Is the enthalpy value of saturated evaporation gas; ρ l Is the density of saturated liquid ρ v The density of saturated gas in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder; h is a fga The method is characterized in that the method is that the vaporization latent heat of a test medium in a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, and the pressure in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is consistent with the pressure of a test environment;
for a vertical cylinder, according to T g = -42.7le+120, obtaining T g Wherein Le is the liquid level of the medium in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder;
for horizontal cylinders, according to T g = -82.7le+160, obtaining T g Wherein Le is the liquid level of the medium in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder.
2. The method for measuring the leakage heat of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level according to claim 1, wherein the measuring medium is liquid nitrogen.
3. The method for measuring the leakage quantity of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level according to claim 1, wherein the gas density ρ is g Enthalpy value h of saturated vapor v Density ρ of saturated liquid l Density ρ of saturated gas v And latent heat of vaporization h fga Obtained from the medium property test.
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