CN111198106A - Method and system for testing gasification quantity of LNG air temperature gasifier by using liquid nitrogen - Google Patents

Method and system for testing gasification quantity of LNG air temperature gasifier by using liquid nitrogen Download PDF

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CN111198106A
CN111198106A CN202010215526.7A CN202010215526A CN111198106A CN 111198106 A CN111198106 A CN 111198106A CN 202010215526 A CN202010215526 A CN 202010215526A CN 111198106 A CN111198106 A CN 111198106A
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temperature
lng
liquid nitrogen
gasifier
gasification
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刘蓉
史永征
杨洋
王浩
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/005Testing of complete machines, e.g. washing-machines or mobile phones
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for testing the gasification quantity of an LNG air temperature gasifier by liquid nitrogenm、dN、dm、HN、HmK, step four, by formula
Figure DDA0002424267440000011
And calculating the LNG gasification amount in the reference state. The invention provides a test method, a corresponding test system and a correction coefficient k for heat transfer influence caused by different physical properties of nitrogen and natural gas. In the calculation, the invention not only considers the state difference of the nitrogen and the natural gas, but also considers the heat exchange property of the nitrogen and the natural gasThe difference of the energy influences the heat exchange performance, so that the measured gasification quantity value of the natural gas air-temperature gasifier is accurate.

Description

Method and system for testing gasification quantity of LNG air temperature gasifier by using liquid nitrogen
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a test method and a test system, and particularly relates to a method for testing the gasification quantity of a liquefied natural gas gasification device by using liquid nitrogen instead of liquefied natural gas.
Background
In recent years, the position of natural gas in energy supply is more and more important, and the demand is greatly increased. LNG point supply is also widely used as an important natural gas supply means. Therefore, the device is also imperative to be standardized as a small and medium-sized LNG skid-mounted gas supply device. The air temperature vaporizer is also one of the standardization contents as an important LNG vaporizer, and how to test the vaporization amount index. The method currently used in the industry is to mark the gasification quantity and the outlet temperature of the air temperature gasifier is not lower than the ambient temperature by 10 ℃. However, when the gasification amount determination test is performed, the test is generally performed by using liquid nitrogen instead of LNG. The measured nitrogen vaporization amount needs to be corrected because of the difference in physical properties between the liquid nitrogen and the LNG.
The method for calculating the LNG gasification amount in the traditional method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002424267420000011
in the formula:
q is the nominal flow of town gas under the reference state, and the unit is cubic meter per hour (m 3/h);
qm-the operating condition flow of nitrogen, with the unit of cubic meter per hour (m 3/h);
p is the absolute pressure of town gas under the reference state, and is 0.101325 MPa;
pm-absolute pressure of nitrogen in MegaPascals (MPa);
tm-temperature of nitrogen in degrees Celsius (. degree. C.);
z is the compression factor of town gas in the reference state;
zm-compressibility factor of nitrogen;
d-relative density of town gas;
dm-relative density of nitrogen.
In the conversion, only the state difference of the nitrogen and the natural gas is considered, but the influence of the physical property and the state of the nitrogen and the natural gas on the heat exchange performance is not considered, and the calculation error of the gasification amount caused by the difference of the heat exchange performance of the nitrogen and the natural gas is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of large calculation error of the gasification amount caused by the difference of heat exchange performance of nitrogen and natural gas. The purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
a constant flow test method for testing the gasification quantity of an LNG air temperature gasifier by using liquid nitrogen comprises the following steps:
step one, adjusting the gasification amount of liquid nitrogen to the marked gasification amount of LNG,
measuring the temperature and pressure at the inlet and outlet of the LNG air temperature gasifier,
thirdly, determining related physical property parameters related to the nitrogen, namely Q according to the temperature and the pressurem、dN、dm、HN、Hm、k,
Step four, calculating the LNG gasification amount in the reference state through a formula (1),
Figure BDA0002424267420000021
wherein:
QN-nominal flow of natural gas in a reference state;
Qm-operating condition flow of nitrogen;
dN-relative density of natural gas in a reference state;
dm-testing the relative density of nitrogen under operating conditions;
HN-the temperature of the LNG per unit mass is raised from-152 ℃ to not less than 10 ℃ below ambient temperature under the test pressure to absorb heat;
Hm-liquid nitrogen per unit mass is gasified to the heat absorbed by the LNG air temperature gasifier outlet temperature under test conditions;
k is the correction coefficient of heat transfer influence caused by different physical properties of nitrogen and natural gas.
Further, the reference state is a temperature of 15 ℃ and a pressure of 0.101325 MPa.
Further, the correction coefficient
Figure BDA0002424267420000022
Wherein phiN-the vaporizer vaporizes LNG at a mass flow rate q from-152 ℃ to a heat transfer capacity (kW), Φ, of not less than 10 ℃ at ambient temperaturem-the gasifier gasification mass flow is qmAmount of heat exchange (kW) in the liquid nitrogen (A).
Further, a relation table of the correction coefficient K and the liquid nitrogen inlet temperature is measured, and the correction coefficient K is found out according to the relation table of the K value and the liquid nitrogen inlet temperature.
A test system for testing the gasification quantity of an LNG air temperature gasifier by liquid nitrogen comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank (01), a temperature transmitter (07), an LNG air temperature gasifier (11), a temperature and pressure transmitter (08) and a flow transmitter (09) which are sequentially connected; wherein,
the temperature transmitter (07) is used for acquiring temperature parameters of an inlet of the LNG air-temperature gasifier (11);
the temperature and pressure transmitter (08) is used for acquiring temperature and pressure parameters of an outlet of the LNG air temperature gasifier (11);
and the flow transmitter (09) is used for acquiring flow parameters of an outlet of the LNG air temperature gasifier (11).
Furthermore, a regulating valve is arranged between the liquid nitrogen storage tank (01) and the temperature transmitter (07). Valves are respectively arranged between the liquid nitrogen storage tank (01) and the temperature transmitter (07), between the temperature transmitter (07) and the LNG air-temperature gasifier (11), and between the LNG air-temperature gasifier (11) and the temperature-pressure transmitter (08).
Further, the safety valve (10) is further included, and the safety valve (10) is used for overpressure relief of pipeline gas.
The invention has the advantages that: as the requirement in the aspect is not met, a method for accurately using nitrogen to replace LNG to test the gasification amount does not exist in the industry, and the invention provides a test method, a corresponding test system and a correction formula. In the calculation, the method not only considers the state difference of the nitrogen and the natural gas, but also considers the influence of the difference of the heat exchange performance of the nitrogen and the natural gas on the heat exchange performance, so that the measured gasification quantity value of the natural gas air-temperature gasifier is more accurate. The method for testing the gasification amount by replacing LNG with liquid nitrogen calculates and analyzes the influences of different pipe lengths, flow rates, environment temperatures, working pressures, liquid nitrogen inlet temperatures and the physical property difference of liquid nitrogen and LNG on heat transfer, and provides a corresponding gasification amount algorithm and a relevant correction coefficient.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of K value versus liquid nitrogen inlet temperature for the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of K value versus ambient temperature for the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of K value versus baseline state gasifier inlet flow for the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plot of K value versus system pressure for the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plot of K value versus gasifier tube length for the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant flow rate test system according to the present invention;
the LNG storage tank is characterized by comprising a liquid nitrogen storage tank (01), valves (02, 03, 04, 05 and 06), a temperature transmitter (07), a temperature-pressure transmitter (08), a flow transmitter (09), a safety relief valve (10) and an LNG vaporizer (11).
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order described or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of testing a gasification amount of an LNG air-temperature vaporizer with liquid nitrogen in order to achieve a more accurate gasification amount test of an LNG gasification apparatus is proposed. The invention is based on modern heat transfer analysis and measurement technology to achieve the purpose of safety and accuracy.
The LNG air temperature gasifier takes air as a heat source and adopts a gasification device for natural convection heat exchange; LNG is a liquefied natural gas, english abbreviation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a constant flow test method for testing the gasification quantity of an LNG air temperature gasifier by using liquid nitrogen, which adopts the liquid nitrogen to replace LNG for testing. Firstly, the gasification amount of liquid nitrogen is adjusted to be labeled LNG gasification amount, for example, the gasification amount of a reference state of LNG labeled by equipment is 300m3/h, liquid nitrogen is used for replacing LNG during testing, the gasification amount of liquid nitrogen is also adjusted to be 300m3/h, the temperature and the pressure of an LNG gasifier outlet are tested, related physical property parameters of nitrogen, such as density and specific enthalpy, are determined according to the temperature and the pressure, and then the gasification amount of the reference state LNG is converted through the correction of the thermal influence of physical properties. Correction algorithm is as in formula (1)
Figure BDA0002424267420000041
Wherein:
QNnominal flow of natural gas in units of cubic meters per hour (m) in the reference state3H), the reference state is 15 ℃ and 0.101325 MPa;
Qmworking flow of nitrogen in cubic meters per hour (m)3H), obtained by testing; the working condition refers to a gas working state;
dN-relative density of natural gas in a reference state;
dm-testing the relative density of nitrogen under operating conditions;
HN-the temperature of LNG per unit mass is raised from-152 ℃ to not lower than the ambient temperature by 10 ℃ at the test pressure, the heat absorbed in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg);
Hmthe heat absorbed by the liquid nitrogen of unit mass gasified to the temperature of the outlet of the gasifier under the test condition is expressed in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg);
k is a correction coefficient of heat transfer influence caused by different physical properties of nitrogen and natural gas, and the relationship between the value of the correction coefficient and the inlet temperature of liquid nitrogen is summarized by a large number of calculations as shown in figure 1. The value of the correction factor k can be found from fig. 1.
The derivation of formula 1 is based on the heat transfer calculation principle and similarity principle of the LNG air-temperature vaporizer, and is specifically described as follows:
the heat exchange capacity Φ (W/m) of the gasifier per unit tube length can thus be determined:
Φ=K(th-tf)F
wherein F is the area per unit length of the inner wall of the pipe, and F ═ pi d (m)2)
K-comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of air temperature gasifier (kW/m)2.℃);
th-ambient temperature (° c);
tf-the average temperature (C) of the fluid inside the tube.
The influence of physical property difference of LNG and liquid nitrogen on heat transfer in the gasification process is analyzed by using a similar theory. Since the gasification capacity of the gasifier is equal to its heat transfer capacity, the following relationship can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002424267420000051
wherein:
qN-if the LNG is warmed from-152 ℃ to not less than 10 ℃ below ambient temperature, the mass flow rate that can be gasified by the gasifier, in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg);
HN-the heat absorbed by the LNG per unit mass at a test pressure at a temperature of from-152 ℃ to not less than 10 ℃ above ambient temperature in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg).
qm-mass flow of liquid nitrogen (kg/h) converted with LNG design volume boil-off (reference state) equivalent to the vaporizer identification in order to have similar flow conditions;
Hm-the heat absorbed by the liquid nitrogen in unit mass gasified to the gasifier outlet temperature under test conditions is in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg);
ΦN-the vaporizer vaporizes LNG at a mass flow q from-152 ℃ to a heat exchange capacity (kW) of not less than 10 ℃ at ambient temperature;
Φm-the gasifier gasification mass flow is qmAmount of heat exchange (kW) in the liquid nitrogen (A).
ΦNAnd phimThe difference (c) is mainly due to the influence of the difference in physical properties, and is:
Figure BDA0002424267420000061
since the heat transfer area F is constant, the above formula can also be expressed as
k=[Kn/Km]*[(thn-tfn)/(thm-tfm)](3-1)
And because of
qN=QNdN(4)
qm=Qmdm(5)
The modified formula (1) can be obtained by bringing the formulas (3), (4) and (5) into the formula (2):
Figure BDA0002424267420000062
in order to examine the influence other than the physical properties, the heat transfer correction coefficient k value was calculated by changing the heat exchange tube structure (cross-sectional dimension and tube length), the flow rate of the medium to be vaporized, the ambient temperature, and the operating pressure. For convenience of calculation, the following settings are made: physical properties of pure methane are used for replacing LNG; according to the experience in actual operation, the temperature of LNG entering a heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as inlet temperature) is-152 ℃ as a design working condition; the inlet temperature of liquid nitrogen was-185 ℃. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 to 5.
The results of fig. 2-5 are analyzed, the k value is basically kept at about 0.855, and the variation range is below 1%, so that the influences of the heat exchange tube structure (section size and tube length), the flow rate of the gasified medium, the ambient temperature, the working pressure and the like are considered to be ignored.
However, since the inlet temperature of the gasified medium also affects the thermal characteristics of the nitrogen gas, such as specific enthalpy and specific gravity, etc., which are related to the temperature, different inlet temperatures affect the physical properties thereof to some extent, and further affect the heat transfer correction coefficient k. Since both LNG and liquid nitrogen are stored in a supercooled state, the medium temperature at the inlet of the heat exchanger varies depending on the storage environment and time. If the LNG inlet temperature is converted only by the design working condition, the temperature of the LNG inlet is defined as-152 ℃, and the influence of the LNG inlet temperature change can be not considered. The liquid nitrogen inlet temperature is actually tested and can change, and the formula (3-1) is inconvenient for calculation of field operation, so that the influence of the liquid nitrogen inlet temperature change is calculated, a correction table given in the method is obtained through a large number of calculations, and the result is shown in fig. 1. Thus, in the correction calculation, the k value can be obtained from the liquid nitrogen inlet temperature in view of FIG. 1.
The invention also relates to a constant flow test system for testing the gasification quantity of the LNG air temperature gasifier by using liquid nitrogen, as shown in figure 6, the system comprises: the device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank (01), valves (02, 03, 04, 05 and 06), a temperature transmitter (07), a temperature-pressure transmitter (08), a flow transmitter (09) and a safety relief valve (10). Valves (02, 04 and 05) are respectively arranged between the liquid nitrogen storage tank (01) and the temperature transmitter (07), between the temperature transmitter (07) and the LNG air-temperature gasifier (11), and between the LNG air-temperature gasifier (11) and the temperature-pressure transmitter (08). The valve (04) is an adjusting valve and is used for adjusting the liquid nitrogen gasification amount; the valve (02) is a cut-off valve and is used for cutting off the communication between the liquid nitrogen storage tank and a subsequent system; the valve (03) is a cut-off valve of the standby liquid nitrogen storage tank, has the same function as the valve (02), and is in a closed state when the standby liquid nitrogen storage tank is not available; the valve (05) is a cut-off valve and is used for cutting off the communication between the air temperature gasifier (11) and other systems; the valve (06) is a shut-off valve, arranged at the end of the pipe, for shutting off the outward discharge of nitrogen gas in the test system, which valve is normally closed when the test is stopped.
During testing, after the liquid nitrogen storage tank (01), the temperature transmitter (07), the LNG air temperature gasifier (11), the temperature pressure transmitter (08), the flow transmitter (09) and the safety relief valve (10) are sequentially connected, the valves (02, 04, 05 and 06) are sequentially opened, then the valve (04) is adjusted to enable the volume gasification quantity of the liquid nitrogen to reach the volume gasification quantity marked by the equipment, meanwhile, the data of the flow transmitter (09) are observed to enable the volume gasification quantity to reach the volume gasification quantity marked by the equipment, and the output value of the flow transmitter (09) is the working condition flow Q of the nitrogen at the momentm(ii) a And observing temperature data of the temperature transmitter (07), temperature and pressure data of the temperature-pressure transmitter (08), reading related parameters such as temperature and pressure after the temperature and pressure are stable, closing the valves (02, 04, 05 and 06) in sequence, and finishing the test. Finally, according to the measured temperature and pressure, by means of tools such as a technical handbook of liquefied natural gas (Gu' an faithful Master), the relative density d and dm of nitrogen under the test working condition and the heat H and Hm absorbed by the gasified liquid nitrogen with unit mass to the outlet temperature of the gasifier under the test working condition are found out, and then, according to the measured temperature and pressure, the heat H and Hm are obtainedFig. 1 finds the value of the correction coefficient k, and the LNG vaporization amount of the vaporizer can be calculated according to the formula (01). The safety relief valve (10) allows a certain amount of gas to be discharged when the gas in the pipe is over-pressurized, in order to avoid explosion caused by too high pressure after the liquid nitrogen is gasified.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A constant flow test method for testing the gasification quantity of an LNG air temperature gasifier by using liquid nitrogen is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, adjusting the gasification amount of liquid nitrogen to the marked gasification amount of LNG,
measuring the temperature and pressure at the inlet and outlet of the LNG air temperature gasifier,
thirdly, determining related physical property parameters related to the nitrogen, namely Q according to the temperature and the pressurem、dN、dn、HN、Hm、k,
Step four, calculating the LNG gasification amount in the reference state through a formula (1),
Figure FDA0002424267410000011
wherein:
QN-nominal flow of natural gas in a reference state;
Qm-operating condition flow of nitrogen;
dN-relative density of natural gas in a reference state;
dm-testing the relative density of nitrogen under operating conditions;
HN-the temperature of the LNG per unit mass is raised from-152 ℃ to 10 ℃ which is not lower than the ambient temperature under the test pressureThe amount of heat absorbed;
Hm-liquid nitrogen per unit mass is gasified to the heat absorbed by the LNG air temperature gasifier outlet temperature under test conditions;
k is the correction coefficient of heat transfer influence caused by different physical properties of nitrogen and natural gas.
2. The test method of claim 1, wherein: the reference state is that the temperature is 15 ℃ and the pressure is 0.101325 MPa.
3. The test method of claim 1, wherein: the correction coefficient
Figure FDA0002424267410000012
Wherein phiN-the vaporizer vaporizes LNG at a mass flow rate q from-152 ℃ to a heat transfer capacity (kW), Φ, of not less than 10 ℃ at ambient temperaturem-the gasifier gasification mass flow is qmAmount of heat exchange (kW) in the liquid nitrogen (A).
4. The test method of claim 1 or 3, wherein: and measuring a relation table of the correction coefficient K and the liquid nitrogen inlet temperature, and finding out the correction coefficient K according to the relation table of the K value and the liquid nitrogen inlet temperature.
5. The utility model provides a test system of liquid nitrogen test LNG air temperature vaporizer gasification volume which characterized in that: the LNG air-temperature gasifier comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank (01), a temperature transmitter (07), an LNG air-temperature gasifier (11), a temperature-pressure transmitter (08) and a flow transmitter (09) which are connected in sequence; wherein,
the temperature transmitter (07) is used for acquiring temperature parameters of an inlet of the LNG air-temperature gasifier (11);
the temperature and pressure transmitter (08) is used for acquiring temperature and pressure parameters of an outlet of the LNG air temperature gasifier (11);
and the flow transmitter (09) is used for acquiring flow parameters of an outlet of the LNG air temperature gasifier (11).
6. The test system of claim 5, wherein: and valves are respectively arranged between the liquid nitrogen storage tank (01) and the temperature transmitter (07), between the temperature transmitter (07) and the LNG air-temperature gasifier (11), and between the LNG air-temperature gasifier (11) and the temperature-pressure transmitter (08).
7. The test system of claim 5, wherein: the safety valve (10) is used for relieving overpressure of pipeline gas.
CN202010215526.7A 2020-03-25 2020-03-25 Method and system for testing gasification quantity of LNG air temperature gasifier by using liquid nitrogen Pending CN111198106A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114441165A (en) * 2021-12-21 2022-05-06 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 Temperature and pressure calibration method for low-temperature micro-pressure differential pressure relief device for LNG
CN115372405A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-11-22 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所 Natural gas liquefaction test device, system and method in spiral pipe

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114441165A (en) * 2021-12-21 2022-05-06 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 Temperature and pressure calibration method for low-temperature micro-pressure differential pressure relief device for LNG
CN114441165B (en) * 2021-12-21 2023-11-03 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 Temperature and pressure verification method for low-temperature micro-pressure differential pressure relief device for LNG
CN115372405A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-11-22 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所 Natural gas liquefaction test device, system and method in spiral pipe
CN115372405B (en) * 2022-08-15 2024-05-24 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所 Device, system and method for testing liquefaction of natural gas in spiral pipe

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