CN114508690A - Method for measuring heat leakage quantity of low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder at any liquid level - Google Patents
Method for measuring heat leakage quantity of low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder at any liquid level Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the heat leakage quantity of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level. The invention divides the heat leakage quantity in the daily evaporation rate measurement into two parts: (1) a latent heat of vaporization portion of the boil-off gas; (2) the change part of the enthalpy value of the evaporated gas flowing in the gas cylinder is constructed on the basis of the change part of the enthalpy value, so that the measurement and calculation of the heat leakage of the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder under any liquid level are realized, the use of a test medium can be effectively reduced, and the test cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement of heat insulation performance, in particular to a method for measuring heat leakage of a low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder at any liquid level.
Background
With the rapid development of domestic industry, especially chemical industry, the demand for various gases is rapidly increased, and enterprises select a low-temperature liquid form to store gases, so that the safety and the storage efficiency can be improved, the rapid development of domestic low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinders is promoted, the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinders belong to pressure vessels in special equipment, and the measurement of heat insulation performance is required to be carried out periodically in the using process. Currently, the standard specifies a test item as the daily evaporation rate value. The daily evaporation rate value substantially reflects the heat leakage amount of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under the specified test condition, but the filling rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is required to reach 90% in the test, so that a large amount of gas is wasted, and if the filling rate is less than 90%, a large amount of test gas can be saved, but the test result is different from the result under the liquid level of 90%. The invention establishes a new heat leakage quantity calculation method, realizes the measurement and calculation of the heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder under any liquid level, effectively reduces the use of test media and reduces the test cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for measuring the heat leakage amount of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level, which can realize the measurement of the daily evaporation rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level and convert the measurement result into the result required by the standard.
The invention discloses a method for measuring the heat leakage quantity of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling a measuring medium into a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder with measurement, measuring the liquid level Le of the medium, and measuring the gas flow V at the outlet of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder by adopting a flowmetergoutAnd gas density ρg；
Step 2, calculating and obtaining the heat leakage quantity Q of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder according to the following formulaw：
Wherein h isgThe enthalpy value of the evaporated gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder; h isg＝cp×TgWherein c ispThe specific heat capacity is the gas constant pressure; t isgThe temperature of the gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder is related to the liquid level Le of the medium; h is a total ofvIs the enthalpy value of saturated evaporation gas; ρ is a unit of a gradientlIs the saturated liquid density, pvThe density of saturated gas in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder; h isfgaThe latent heat of vaporization of the test media in the cryogenically insulated cylinder is determined.
Further, the measuring medium is liquid nitrogen.
Further, the pressure in the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder is consistent with the pressure of the test environment.
Further, for vertical cylinders, according to Tg-42.7Le +120 to obtain Tg(ii) a Wherein Le is the liquid level of the medium in the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder.
Further, for horizontal cylinders, according to Tg-82.7Le +160 to obtain Tg(ii) a Wherein Le is the liquid level of the medium in the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder.
Further, the gas density ρgSaturated evaporation gas enthalpy value hvSaturated liquid density ρlSaturated gas density ρvAnd latent heat of vaporization hfgaObtained by medium property test.
Has the advantages that:
the invention divides the heat leakage quantity in the daily evaporation rate measurement into two parts: (1) a latent heat of vaporization portion of the boil-off gas; (2) the change part of the enthalpy value of the evaporated gas flowing in the gas cylinder is constructed on the basis of the change part of the enthalpy value, so that the measurement and calculation of the heat leakage of the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder under any liquid level are realized, the use of a test medium can be effectively reduced, and the test cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measuring device, which mainly comprises a measured low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, a liquid level meter, a flow meter, a valve and the like. In the figure Le is the level measurement, MF is the flow measurement, P pressure sensor, T temperature measurement.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for measuring the heat leakage quantity of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level.
The heat leakage of the cryogenic insulation gas cylinder is measured by using a flow method and a weighing method in the standard (GB/T18443.5-2010), the test and the schematic diagram are shown in figure 1, and the test flow is as follows:
(1) more than 90% of test low-temperature medium is filled in the tested low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder;
(2) the air release valve of the low-temperature heat-insulation air bottle is completely opened to release air, so that the pressure p in the low-temperature heat-insulation air bottlevAnd the test environment pressure peSubstantially identical;
(3) standing for more than 48 hours to enable the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder to be in a thermal stable state;
(4) measuring the mass of the boil-off gas by installing a flow meter or using a scale, wherein the flow meter measures the instantaneous flow rate Vg(unit m)3S) and cumulative flow Vac(m3) The evaporation mass is then:
Δm＝ρgVac
weighing and measuring the initial mass m of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder and the low-temperature mediumiAnd ending mass meAnd (unit kg) the evaporation mass is:
Δm＝mi-me
the testing time is required to be not less than 24 h. The daily evaporation rate value alpha of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder20(unit%/day) is:
in the formula, t is a test time (hour).
(5) The heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is Qw(unit W):
in the formula, hfga(unit J/kg) is the latent heat of vaporization of the low-temperature medium.
It can be seen that the calculation of the heat leakage in the standard measurement method only takes the latent heat of vaporization of the boil-off gas into consideration, so that the filling rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder in the test must be required to reach 90%, and the measurement result under other liquid conditions has a large error with the measurement result of the specified 90% liquid level.
In the invention, factors influencing the heat leakage quantity are analyzed in the process of measuring the daily evaporation rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, and the process that the heat leakage quantity is absorbed in the process of measuring the daily evaporation rate of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder is found as follows: firstly, evaporating a part of low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder into saturated gas to absorb a part of heat leakage (latent heat of vaporization); secondly, the boil-off gas flows from the gas-liquid interface to the outlet of the cryogenically insulated cylinder, and its temperature rises, becoming an unsaturated gas, absorbing a portion of the heat (increasing enthalpy). The sum of the two parts of heat is the heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder. The amount of heat leak in the daily evaporation rate measurement is actually two parts: (1) a latent heat of vaporization portion of the boil-off gas; (2) the change in enthalpy value of the boil-off gas as it flows within the cylinder is partial. In the existing calculation method, only the part 1 is considered, and the part 2 is not considered, so that the existing calculation method needs to be full of more than 90%, and the error is large when the existing calculation method is lower than 90%.
Based on the analysis, the invention establishes a new heat leakage amount calculation method, thereby realizing the measurement and calculation of the heat leakage amount of the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder under any liquid level, further effectively reducing the use of test media and reducing the test cost.
Specifically, the method for calculating the heat leakage amount of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder comprises the following steps:
the amount of heat leakage is calculated according to equation (1):
wherein QwFor heat leakage (W), plIs saturated liquid density (kg/m)3)，ρgIs gas density (kg/m)3)，VgoutThe gas flow (m) flowing out of the cryoadiabatic gas cylinder for the daily evaporation rate measurement3S) (measured value), hgEnthalpy (kJ/kg), h, of boil-off gas flowing out of cryogenically insulated gas cylindersvSaturated boil-off gas enthalpy (kJ/kg), pvThe pressure in the cryogenic insulation gas cylinder is compared with the test environment pressure peSubstantially identical; rhovIs the density (kg/m) of saturated gas in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder3) M is the mass (kg/s) of the evaporated gas of the liquid in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, hfgaThe latent heat of vaporization (kJ/kg) of the test medium in the cryogenically insulated cylinder was determined.
The mathematical relationship between the mass M of the evaporated gas in the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder and the volume of the gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder is as follows:
from equations (1) and (2), the amount of heat leakage of the cryogenic insulation cylinder can be calculated according to equation (3):
the quantities known in equation (3) are: rhogGas density hvEnthalpy value, rho, of saturated evaporation gaslSaturated liquid density,. rhovSaturated gas density, hfgaLatent heat of vaporization, these amounts being derived from the test media properties; vgoutMeasured by a flow meter in daily evaporation rate measurement (measured value); h isgThe enthalpy of the evaporated gas flowing out of the cryogenically insulated gas cylinder is dependent on the temperature T of the gas flowing out of the cryogenically insulated gas cylindergDetermination of said TgAnd, associated with the media level Le.
Wherein the vertical gas cylinder is determined according to the formula (4):
Tg＝-42.7Le+120 (4)
wherein the horizontal gas cylinder is determined according to the formula (5):
Tg＝-82.7Le+160 (5)
wherein, TgIn order to measure the temperature (K) of the gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder, Le is the liquid level of the low-temperature medium in the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder. Thus, the enthalpy of the boil-off gas exiting the cryogenically insulated cylinder can be calculated from equation (6):
hg＝cp×Tg (6)
in the formula, cpThe gas constant pressure specific heat capacity (kJ/(kg. K)) is shown. In conclusion, the heat leakage amount of the cryogenic insulation gas cylinder under any measured liquid level condition can be solved according to the formula (3).
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the present invention, which is composed of a measured low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, a liquid level meter, a flow meter, a valve, etc. The liquid level measures the liquid level value in the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder, and the pressure sensor continuously measures the change value of the pressure of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder along with the time. Le is liquid level measurement, MF is flow measurement, P pressure sensor, T temperature measurement.
For example, the amount of heat leakage measured at various levels in a 175L cryo-insulated cylinder according to standard methods is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Le(％) | Vgout(L/min) | Qw1(W) | E(％) |
| 89.6 | 1.196 | 4.87 | -- |
| 81.1 | 1.166 | 4.75 | 2.51 |
| 73.6 | 1.136 | 4.63 | 5.02 |
| 58.7 | 1.107 | 4.51 | 7.44 |
| 47.9 | 1.077 | 4.39 | 9.95 |
| 20.0 | 1.025 | 4.17 | 14.30 |
With the measurement result at the liquid level of 89.6% as a standard value, it can be seen that the error of the amount of heat leakage gradually increases as the liquid level decreases. Q in Table 1w1The heat leakage in the standard method is the latent heat of vaporization of the evaporated gas.
The results obtained by calculation according to the measuring and calculating method of the heat leakage quantity of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level are shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2
| Le(％) | Tg(K) | Qw1(W) | Qw2(W) | QW(W) | E(％) |
| 89.6 | 81.74 | 4.87 | 0.10 | 4.97 | —— |
| 81.1 | 85.37 | 4.75 | 0.19 | 4.94 | 0.60 |
| 73.6 | 88.57 | 4.63 | 0.26 | 4.89 | 1.61 |
| 58.7 | 94.94 | 4.51 | 0.41 | 4.92 | 1.01 |
| 47.9 | 99.55 | 4.39 | 0.51 | 4.90 | 1.42 |
| 20.0 | 111.46 | 4.17 | 0.76 | 4.93 | 0.81 |
In Table 2, Qw2For the measurement of the daily evaporation rate of cryogenically insulated gas cylinders the heat absorbed by the evaporating gas flowing from the gas-liquid interface to the outlet (increase in enthalpy), QWIs the total amount of heat leakage.
Qw2＝ρgVgout(hg-hv)
QW＝Qw1+Qw2
Comparing the measurement results in table 1 and table 2, it can be seen that the heat leakage values measured under other liquid level conditions are calculated again by the new calculation method, the error under each liquid level condition is significantly reduced, and the consistency is good.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring the heat leakage quantity of a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder at any liquid level is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, filling a measuring medium into a low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder with measurement, measuring the liquid level Le of the medium, and measuring the gas flow V at the outlet of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder by adopting a flowmetergoutAnd gas density ρg；
Step 2, calculating and obtaining the heat leakage quantity Q of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder according to the following formulaw：
Wherein h isgThe enthalpy value of the evaporated gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder; h is a total ofg＝cp×TgWherein, cpThe specific heat capacity is the gas constant pressure; t is a unit ofgThe temperature of the gas flowing out of the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder is related to the liquid level Le of the medium; h isvIs the enthalpy value of saturated evaporation gas; rholAt saturated liquid density, pvThe density of saturated gas in the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder; h isfgaThe latent heat of vaporization of the test media in the cryogenically insulated cylinder is determined.
2. The method for measuring the heat leakage of the cryogenic insulation gas cylinder under any liquid level according to claim 1, wherein the measuring medium is liquid nitrogen.
3. The method for measuring the heat leakage quantity of the cryogenic insulation gas cylinder under any liquid level according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the cryogenic insulation gas cylinder is consistent with the pressure of a test environment.
4. The method for measuring the amount of heat leakage from a cryogenic insulation cylinder at any liquid level according to claim 1, wherein for a vertical cylinder, the T is the referenceg-42.7Le +120 to obtain Tg(ii) a Wherein Le is the liquid level of the medium in the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder.
5. The method for measuring the amount of heat leakage from a cryogenically insulated gas cylinder at any liquid level according to claim 1 wherein for a horizontal cylinder, the T is the referenceg-82.7Le +160 to obtain Tg(ii) a Wherein Le is the liquid level of the medium in the low-temperature heat-insulation gas cylinder.
6. The method for measuring the amount of heat leakage from a cryogenic insulation cylinder at any liquid level according to claim 1, wherein the gas density pgSaturated evaporation gas enthalpy value hvSaturated liquid density ρlSaturated gas density ρvAnd latent heat of vaporization hfgaObtained by medium property test.
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| CN114508690B (en) | 2024-02-20 |
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