CN114506893B - Interface photo-thermal conversion seawater desalination device based on step phase change heat storage and bottom condensation - Google Patents
Interface photo-thermal conversion seawater desalination device based on step phase change heat storage and bottom condensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114506893B CN114506893B CN202210044430.8A CN202210044430A CN114506893B CN 114506893 B CN114506893 B CN 114506893B CN 202210044430 A CN202210044430 A CN 202210044430A CN 114506893 B CN114506893 B CN 114506893B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an interface photothermal conversion seawater desalination device based on cascade phase change heat storage and bottom condensation, relates to the technical field of high-efficiency seawater desalination, and particularly relates to an interface photothermal conversion seawater desalination device and method based on cascade phase change heat storage and bottom condensation. The method can effectively utilize the condensation latent heat of the steam, realize the continuous evaporation of the seawater, and has high working efficiency and short starting response time for starting evaporation. Comprises a coil cooling type double-layer container and a light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover which is covered on the coil cooling type double-layer container; the coil pipe cooling type double-layer container comprises a water purifying container and a seawater container fixedly connected in the water purifying container; the coil pipe cooling type double-layer container comprises a seawater inlet pipe, and an interface evaporation and step phase change heat storage unit is arranged in the seawater container. The energy required by seawater evaporation is reduced on the whole, the evaporation speed of a photo-thermal interface is accelerated, the evaporation time of seawater is prolonged, and the starting response time of the evaporation process is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of efficient seawater desalination, in particular to an interface photo-thermal conversion seawater desalination device and method based on cascade phase change heat storage and bottom condensation.
Background
With the rapid development of modern economic society, the population number increases rapidly and the water pollution increases day by day, the demand of human beings on fresh water resources also increases day by day, and the shortage of fresh water resources becomes a serious challenge facing the world. The direct solar sea water desalination method is to convert solar energy into heat energy for direct sea water desalination. Due to the characteristics of convenience and response flexibility, the method is always a research hotspot for renewable seawater desalination. Compared with the bottom heating and body heating technologies, the solar interface evaporation technology which is developed recently can be used for more efficiently using heat energy for driving water evaporation, reducing heat energy to be conducted to body phase liquid and greatly improving the solar energy-heat energy utilization efficiency. However, solar interfacial evaporation technology can only be applied in the case of sufficient illumination. Further, further improvement of efficiency is limited because the latent heat of condensation of the steam is not utilized. Therefore, how to effectively utilize the excess photo-thermal energy and the latent heat of condensation of the steam has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an interface photothermal conversion seawater desalination device based on step phase change heat storage and bottom condensation, which can effectively utilize the condensation latent heat of steam, realizes the continuous evaporation of seawater, and has high working efficiency and short starting response time for starting evaporation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the seawater desalination device comprises a coil cooling type double-layer container and a light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover 13 which covers the coil cooling type double-layer container;
the coil cooling type double-layer container comprises a water purifying container 9 and a seawater container 7 fixedly connected in the water purifying container 9 through a support column 11; the transparent heat-insulating top cover 13 is covered on the water purifying container 9, the bottom of the water purifying container 9 is fixedly connected with a purified water outlet pipe, the bottom of the seawater container 7 is fixedly connected with a brine outlet pipe extending out of the water purifying container 9, so that a purified water outlet 5 and a brine outlet 6 are formed respectively, and in addition, the brine outlet pipe and the water purifying container 9 are kept sealed;
the coil cooling type double-layer container also comprises a seawater inlet pipe 12, one end of the seawater inlet pipe 12 is positioned outside the water purifying container 9, and the other end of the seawater inlet pipe is communicated with the seawater container 7;
an interface evaporation and step phase change heat storage unit is arranged in the seawater container 7 and floats on seawater 8 by virtue of the low-density characteristic of the heat insulating layer 4; the interface evaporation and step phase change heat storage unit comprises a light-heat conversion layer 1, a water absorption column 2, a step phase change material 3 and a heat insulation layer 4; inhale the bottom of water column 2 and run through heat insulation layer 4 to the top is fixed continuous with light-to-heat conversion layer 1, step phase change material 3 sets up between light-to-heat conversion layer 1 and heat insulation layer 4 to including the multilayer phase change material that from the top down set gradually, multilayer phase change material's fusing point from the top down reduces in proper order, and every layer of phase change material all wraps up outward has the shell.
Further, the step phase change material 3 is a solid-liquid phase change material, and includes a high-temperature phase change material, a medium-temperature phase change material, and a low-temperature phase change material, whose melting points are gradually decreased from top to bottom. For example, the phase transition temperature range of erythritol is 118-120 ℃, the phase transition temperature range of paraffin is 78-80 ℃, and the phase transition temperature range of n-eicosane is 36-38 ℃ from top to bottom.
Furthermore, each layer of phase change material in the step phase change material 3 is compounded with a porous framework. The porous framework is made of high-heat-conductivity materials such as copper, aluminum, silicon carbide and the like, and the porosity is more than 90%.
Specifically, the high-temperature, medium-temperature and low-temperature phase change materials and the porous skeleton compound are filled in an aluminum shell; the contact surfaces of the high-temperature phase-change compound shell and the medium-temperature phase-change compound shell and the contact surfaces of the medium-temperature phase-change compound shell and the low-temperature phase-change compound shell are coated with silver silicone grease, so that a good heat conduction effect is achieved.
The photothermal conversion layer 1 is a porous material with high absorptivity; such as foam carbon, foam metal loaded with silicon carbide or carbonized plant tissues.
The water absorption column 2 is made of a porous material with high hydrophilicity; such as sponge, mushroom stipe, carbonized straw, etc.
The heat insulating layer 4 is made of a low-density, high-hydrophobicity and low-thermal-conductivity material; such as expandable polystyrene foam, etc.
Further, the seawater inlet pipe 12 is spirally and spirally arranged in the water purifying container 9. Preferably, the bottom end of the seawater inlet pipe 12 extends downwards through the water purification container 9 and is sealed, the seawater inlet pipe 12 is spirally attached to the wall surface of the water purification container 9, and the top end of the seawater inlet pipe 12 extends and finally enters the seawater container 7. Through the arrangement of the spiral coil, the condensation efficiency of the purified water condensed at the bottom can be effectively improved, and the purified water can be kept at a relatively low temperature by introducing the seawater, so that secondary evaporation is avoided, and the water yield of the purified water is ensured.
The light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover 13 is a double-layer plate, and a vacuum layer is arranged between the two layers of plates. Prevent the water vapor from condensing on the top, thereby reducing the penetration rate of light, and finally playing a good role in light transmission and heat insulation.
The double-layer plate of the light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover 13 is made of high-light-transmittance materials such as glass and acrylic.
The bottom opening of the light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover 13 is fixedly connected with the top opening of the water purifying container 9 and tightly attached to prevent water vapor from overflowing.
And (3) a moisture transfer process: seawater enters from a seawater inlet pipe 12 and flows into a seawater container 7 from bottom to top along the wall surface of the water purifying container 9; part of water is introduced into the photothermal conversion layer 1 through the water absorption column 2, and the concentrated brine is discharged from the brine outlet 6; the water is quickly evaporated after absorbing heat in the photothermal conversion layer 1 and changed into water vapor to enter the cavity; the water vapor meets the low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 12 on the wall surface of the water purifying container 9 or the outer wall surface of the seawater container 7 and is condensed, so that the water vapor is gathered into the water purifying container 9.
The energy transfer process comprises the following steps: sunlight irradiates the photothermal conversion layer 1 through the top cover 13 to be converted into heat energy; part of heat energy enters seawater to be evaporated into gaseous water, and the heat energy is introduced into the low-temperature seawater after meeting the outer wall surface of the low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 12 or the seawater container 7; another part of the heat energy is guided into the step phase change material 3 to be stored.
When the temperature of the photothermal conversion layer 1 is higher than that of the high-temperature phase change material, heat is led into the high-temperature phase change material to drive the high-temperature phase change material to change from a solid state to a liquid state, and energy is stored; the energy in the high-temperature phase-change material further drives the medium-temperature phase-change material to change from a solid state to a liquid state, and the energy is stored; the energy in the medium-temperature phase-change material further drives the low-temperature phase-change material to change from a solid state to a liquid state, and the energy is stored. At the moment, the heat in the high-temperature phase-change material, the medium-temperature phase-change material and the low-temperature phase-change material preheats the seawater in the water absorption column, reduces the energy required by seawater evaporation, and accelerates the evaporation speed of the photo-thermal interface.
When the temperature of the photothermal conversion layer 1 is lower than that of the high-temperature phase change material, the phase change material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, heat is released, and seawater in the photothermal conversion layer 1 is driven to evaporate; the seawater evaporation is continuously carried out. However, when the heat in the high-temperature phase-change material is not enough to drive the seawater to evaporate, the evaporation process is ended; the seawater does not move upwards any more; the residual heat energy in the system is stored in the medium-temperature phase-change material and the low-temperature phase-change material; because the temperature difference between the high-temperature phase-change material, the medium-temperature phase-change material and the low-temperature phase-change material and the environment is gradually reduced, the heat dissipation capacity is gradually reduced, and the time for storing heat is much longer than that for singly using the high-temperature phase-change material; when sunlight irradiates the photothermal conversion layer 1 again, the seawater preheated by the medium-temperature phase change material and the low-temperature phase change material can be evaporated by less heat, so that the starting response time of the evaporation process is shortened.
The invention obviously improves the evaporation efficiency of seawater on the whole, reduces the energy required by seawater evaporation, accelerates the evaporation speed of a photo-thermal interface, obviously prolongs the evaporation time of the seawater through the optimized setting that the melting points of the multiple layers of phase-change materials are reduced from top to bottom, and greatly shortens the starting response time of the evaporation process by preheating the seawater with the help of the medium-temperature phase-change material and the low-temperature phase-change material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the system of this patent
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a light transmissive and thermally insulating top cover of the present patent
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a coil-cooled double-layered container according to the present patent
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the interface evaporation and step phase change heat storage unit of the present patent
Number designation in the figures: 1 is a photothermal conversion layer, 2 is an absorption column, 3 is a step phase change material, 4 is a heat insulating layer, 5 is a purified water outlet, 6 is a brine outlet, 7 is a seawater container, 8 is seawater, 9 is a purified water container, 10 is purified water, 11 is a support column, 12 is a seawater inlet pipe, 13 is a light-transmitting heat insulating top cover, 13-1 is an outer plate, 13-2 is a vacuum layer, and 13-3 is an inner plate.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly explain the technical features of the present patent, the following detailed description of the present patent is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention works by:
and (3) a moisture transfer process: seawater enters from a seawater inlet pipe 12 and flows from bottom to top along the wall surface of the water purifying container 9 until entering the seawater container 7; part of water is introduced into the photothermal conversion layer 1 through the water absorption column 2, and concentrated brine is discharged from a brine outlet 6; the water is quickly evaporated after absorbing heat in the photothermal conversion layer 1 and changed into water vapor to enter the cavity; the vapor meets the low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 12 on the wall surface of the water purifying container 9 or the outer wall surface of the seawater container 7 and is condensed, so that the vapor is converged into the water purifying container 9.
The energy transfer process comprises the following steps: sunlight irradiates the photothermal conversion layer 1 through the light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover 13 to be converted into heat energy; a part of heat energy enters the seawater 8 to be evaporated into gaseous water, and the heat energy is introduced into the low-temperature seawater after meeting the outer wall surface of the low-temperature seawater inlet pipe 12 or the seawater container 7; another part of the heat energy is guided into the step phase change material 3 to be stored.
The step phase change material 3 is a high-temperature phase change material, a medium-temperature phase change material and a low-temperature phase change material from top to bottom in sequence;
when the temperature of the photothermal conversion layer 1 is higher than that of the high-temperature phase change material, heat is led into the high-temperature phase change material to drive the high-temperature phase change material to change from a solid state to a liquid state, and energy is stored; the energy in the high-temperature phase-change material further drives the medium-temperature phase-change material to change from a solid state to a liquid state, and the energy is stored; the energy in the medium-temperature phase-change material further drives the low-temperature phase-change material to change from a solid state to a liquid state, and the energy is stored. At the moment, the heat in the high-temperature phase-change material, the medium-temperature phase-change material and the low-temperature phase-change material preheats the seawater in the water absorption column, reduces the energy required by seawater evaporation, and accelerates the evaporation speed of the photo-thermal interface.
When the temperature of the photothermal conversion layer 1 is lower than that of the high-temperature phase change material, the phase change material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, heat is released, and seawater in the photothermal conversion layer is driven to evaporate; the evaporation of seawater is continued. However, when the heat in the high-temperature phase-change material is not enough to drive the seawater to evaporate, the evaporation process is ended; the seawater does not move upwards any more; the residual heat energy in the system is stored in the medium-temperature phase-change material and the low-temperature phase-change material; because the temperature difference between the high-temperature phase-change material, the temperature phase-change material and the low-temperature phase-change material and the environment is gradually reduced, the heat dissipation capacity is gradually reduced, and the time for storing heat is much longer than that for singly using the high-temperature phase-change material; when sunlight irradiates the photothermal conversion layer again, the seawater preheated by the medium-temperature phase change material and the low-temperature phase change material can be evaporated by less heat, so that the starting response time of the evaporation process is shortened.
As shown in fig. 2, the light transmissive, thermally insulating top cover has the following advantages:
the double-layer plate and the vacuum inner layer of the light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover have the characteristic of high heat insulation, and water vapor can be effectively prevented from being condensed on the inner wall surface of the top cover, so that the light penetration rate is reduced. In addition, the top cover is tightly attached to the edge of the water purifying container, and water vapor can be prevented from overflowing.
As shown in fig. 3, the coil-cooled double-layered vessel has the following advantages:
the seawater inlet pipe enters from the bottom of the water purifying container, spirally rises along the edge of the water purifying container, and finally enters the seawater container. This results in a low temperature zone at the wall of the water purification vessel, which is also the lowest temperature zone inside the device. Therefore, the water vapor is mainly condensed at the wall surfaces of the seawater intake pipe and the water purification tank. The part of condensation heat is used for preheating seawater, so that the energy consumption during interface evaporation is reduced, and the photothermal conversion efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 4, the photothermal conversion layer 1 and the step phase change material 3 have the following advantages:
the top is an evaporation layer, and then a high-temperature phase change heat storage layer, a medium-temperature phase change heat storage layer, a low-temperature heat storage layer and a heat insulation layer are sequentially arranged. N continuous small holes are formed in the high-temperature phase change heat storage layer, the medium-temperature phase change heat storage layer, the low-temperature heat storage layer and the heat insulation layer to serve as water absorption columns to be filled with water absorption materials. The interface evaporation layer on the top is made of high-absorption material to improve the light-heat conversion efficiency, the high-temperature phase-change heat storage layer is used for absorbing the heat in the interface evaporation layer, and the medium-temperature and low-temperature phase-change heat storage layers sequentially absorb the waste heat of the upper-level heat storage layer. When the illumination is insufficient, the high-temperature phase change heat storage layer reversely heats the interface evaporation layer, so that the seawater is driven to continue to evaporate. When the heat is not enough to drive the seawater to evaporate, the medium-temperature and low-temperature phase change heat storage layer can store heat energy for a longer time. When light irradiates on the interface evaporation layer, seawater preheated by the medium-temperature and low-temperature phase change heat storage layers in the water absorption column can be evaporated more quickly, and the evaporation response time is shortened, so that the evaporation efficiency is further improved.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An interface photothermal conversion seawater desalination device based on step phase change heat storage and bottom condensation is characterized by comprising a coil cooling type double-layer container and a light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover (13) covering the coil cooling type double-layer container;
the coil cooling type double-layer container comprises a water purifying container (9) and a seawater container (7) fixedly connected in the water purifying container (9); the light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover (13) is covered on the water purifying container (9), the bottom of the water purifying container (9) is fixedly connected with a purified water outlet pipe, and the bottom of the seawater container (7) is fixedly connected with a brine outlet pipe extending out of the water purifying container (9);
the coil cooling type double-layer container also comprises a seawater inlet pipe (12), one end of the seawater inlet pipe (12) is positioned outside the water purifying container (9), and the other end of the seawater inlet pipe is communicated with the seawater container (7);
the seawater inlet pipe (12) is spirally arranged in the water purifying container (9) in a spiral manner and is attached to the wall surface of the water purifying container (9);
an interface evaporation and step phase change heat storage unit is arranged in the seawater container (7), and comprises a light-heat conversion layer (1), a water absorption column (2), a step phase change material (3) and a heat insulation layer (4); the bottom of the water absorption column (2) penetrates through the heat insulation layer (4), the top of the water absorption column is fixedly connected with the photothermal conversion layer (1), the step phase change material (3) is arranged between the photothermal conversion layer (1) and the heat insulation layer (4) and comprises a plurality of layers of phase change materials which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the melting points of the plurality of layers of phase change materials are sequentially reduced from top to bottom, and a shell is wrapped outside each layer of phase change material;
the step phase change material (3) is a solid-liquid phase change material and comprises a high-temperature phase change material, a medium-temperature phase change material and a low-temperature phase change material, and the melting points of the high-temperature phase change material, the medium-temperature phase change material and the low-temperature phase change material are gradually reduced from top to bottom.
2. The interface photothermal conversion seawater desalination device based on step phase change heat storage and bottom condensation as claimed in claim 1, wherein a porous skeleton is compounded in each layer of phase change material in the step phase change material (3).
3. The interface photothermal conversion seawater desalination device based on step phase change heat storage and bottom condensation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photothermal conversion layer (1) is a porous material with high absorptivity;
the water absorption column (2) is made of a porous material with high hydrophilicity; the heat insulating layer (4) is made of a material with low density, high hydrophobicity and low thermal conductivity.
4. The interface photothermal conversion seawater desalination device based on step phase change heat storage and bottom condensation as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover (13) is a double-layer plate, and a vacuum layer is arranged between the two layers of plates.
5. The interface photothermal conversion seawater desalination device based on step phase change heat storage and bottom condensation as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the bottom port of the light-transmitting heat-insulating top cover (13) is fixedly connected with the top port of the water purification container (9) and is tightly attached.
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| IL130545A0 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-06-01 | Yeda Res & Dev | Safety system for storage of high temperature heat |
| CN103090459A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-05-08 | 兰州理工大学 | Efficient temperature stratification heat exchange energy storage water tank with internally arranged phase change thermal storage materials |
| CN105565412B (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-12-15 | 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | A kind of outer coagulating type tilts core pattern solar distilling seawater desalinating device |
| CN110906430A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-24 | 重庆特斯联智慧科技股份有限公司 | A solar collector and heating system for wisdom community |
| CN112678908A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-20 | 四川大学 | Solar floating type seawater desalination device |
| CN113044899B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-12-09 | 西安交通大学 | Phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device and seawater desalination method |
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