CN114505652A - Method for preventing surface cracking of austenitic stainless steel forging in manufacturing process - Google Patents
Method for preventing surface cracking of austenitic stainless steel forging in manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114505652A CN114505652A CN202210206852.0A CN202210206852A CN114505652A CN 114505652 A CN114505652 A CN 114505652A CN 202210206852 A CN202210206852 A CN 202210206852A CN 114505652 A CN114505652 A CN 114505652A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for preventing surface cracking of an austenitic stainless steel forging in the manufacturing process, and belongs to the field of steel processing and forging. The invention is sawed by a plate blank; carrying out heat treatment on the plate blank; milling a plate blank; polishing and cleaning the plate blank; assembling the plate blank and sealing and welding in vacuum; heating the seal-welded steel billet; constructing a seal-welded billet; peeling the blank; forging and cogging, and forging and forming; carrying out solution treatment on the forging; semi-finishing; ultrasonic detection; sampling and performing physical and chemical detection; and performing finish machining, packaging, shipping and the like, so that the surface of the austenitic stainless steel forging is free from cracking in the manufacturing process. And a smaller unit continuous casting plate blank is used as an element, the produced continuous casting plate blank has the characteristics of homogenization, densification and purification, and the quality of the austenitic stainless steel forging is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a process for preventing surface cracking of an austenitic stainless steel forging in the manufacturing process, and belongs to the field of steel processing and forging.
Background
The austenitic stainless steel is a stainless steel having an austenitic structure at normal temperature. The steel has a stable austenitic structure when it contains about 18% Cr, about 8-10% Ni, and about 0.1% C. Austenitic stainless steel is nonmagnetic and has high toughness and plasticity, but has low strength, cannot be strengthened by phase transformation, can be strengthened only by cold working, and has good free-cutting property if elements such as S, Ca, Se, Te and the like are added.
The austenitic stainless steel forging is widely applied to the fields of nuclear power, chemical containers, petroleum refining and the like, the surface of the austenitic stainless steel is easy to have forging cracks in the forging process due to the characteristics of small heat conductivity coefficient, large linear expansion coefficient, narrow forging temperature range, large deformation resistance, strong crack sensitivity and the like, and the problem of cracking of the austenitic stainless steel during forging is one of major problems concerned and researched in the heavy machinery industry. The manufacturing of the traditional austenitic stainless steel forging adopts a steel ingot as a raw material, and the idea is that a large forging is manufactured by using a large steel ingot. Cracks with different degrees generally appear on the surface of a forged piece adopting a steel ingot, so that the surface of the forged piece basically needs to be cleaned and damaged every firing time, the manufacturing period of the forged piece is longer, and the manufacturing cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel blank making process for preventing surface cracking of an austenitic stainless steel forging in the forging process aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the novel blank making process comprises the process links of plate blank sawing, plate blank heat treatment, plate blank milling, steel blank sealing and welding, steel blank construction, blank peeling, forging cogging and the like. The surface of the austenitic stainless steel forging is ensured to have no cracking phenomenon in the manufacturing process by special process measures.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
(1) the plate blank is sawed, so that subsequent heat treatment and hoisting are facilitated;
(2) performing heat treatment on the plate blank to homogenize the internal structure, eliminate internal stress and reduce the cracking risk of the blank;
(3) milling the plate blank to remove an oxide layer and subcutaneous defects on the surface;
(4) polishing and cleaning the plate blanks, wherein the polishing improves the surface roughness, reduces the problem of air inclusion between the plate blanks, and cleans and removes impurities such as surface oil stains;
(5) assembling the slabs, sealing and welding in vacuum, and packaging the periphery of the steel billets to prevent air from entering the oxidized surfaces between the slabs in the heating process;
(6) heating the seal-welded steel billet to improve the plasticity of the billet;
(7) constructing a seal-welded billet, and fusing an interface into an integral blank through a special process;
(8) peeling the blank to remove the easily cracked body on the surface of the blank;
(9) forging and cogging, and forging and forming;
(10) carrying out solution treatment on the forging;
(11) semi-finishing;
(12) ultrasonic detection;
(13) sampling and physical and chemical detection;
(14) fine processing;
(15) and (6) packaging and shipping.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
a. and the homogenization manufacturing of large-size metal devices is realized. A plurality of metal blanks with smaller volumes are used as construction elements, and the solidification speed is high, so that the component uniformity of the metal blanks is far better than that of a large metal blank integrally cast in the prior art, and a large-size metal device constructed on the basis has no obvious macrosegregation;
b. realizing the densification manufacturing of large-size metal devices. A plurality of metal blanks with smaller volumes are used as construction elements, and because the solidification speed is high, the simultaneous solidification can be almost realized, and the concentrated shrinkage cavities in the blanks are less loose. After the welding interface is deformed, insulated and multi-directionally forged, the compactness is higher than that of a forged piece made of a traditional integral steel ingot;
c. realizing the purification manufacture of large-size metal devices. A plurality of metal blanks with smaller volumes are used as construction elements, and the preparation cost and difficulty are low, so that the purification of the elements can be realized by adopting various flexible refining methods, and the purity of large-size metal devices constructed on the basis is higher than that of forgings made of traditional integral casting blanks.
The problem of surface cracking in the forging process of the austenitic stainless steel is creatively solved by adopting a process scheme of vacuum seal welding and machining and peeling after billet construction. The billet of the vacuum seal welding adopts a small-unit continuous casting slab as a basic element, the continuous casting slab has the characteristics of homogenization, densification and purification, and the micro-cracks or forging defects on the surface are further removed by adding a built billet organic processing and skinning process. The risk of cracking in the forging process of the austenitic stainless steel forge piece can be effectively avoided through the two measures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a slab assembly;
FIG. 2 is a plane view of the oblique angle of 50X45 degrees machined at both ends of the blank in example 1;
fig. 3 is a plane view of the oblique angle of 70 x45 ° machined at both ends of the blank in example 2.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the inventors will further describe and illustrate the present invention by the following specific examples, but do not limit the present invention.
Example 1
The applicant takes as an example a 304 material phi 6879x phi 6379x222mm top supporting forging ring ordered by a certain customer, the forging ring blank weight: 14.8 tons, the blanking weight is 16.7 tons.
The implementation of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) sawing the plate blank: sawing the plate blank into 9 small unit plate blanks with the sizes (length, width and height) 1230x1120x200mm after the plate blank is qualified in the factory;
(2) heat treatment of the plate blank: carrying out solution treatment at the heating temperature of 1060 +/-10 ℃;
(3) milling: milling 6 surfaces of the small-unit plate blank, wherein the size is (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) 1220 multiplied by 1110 multiplied by 193mm, the roughness of the upper surface and the lower surface is Ra6.3, and the rest surfaces are Ra12.5;
(4) cleaning and grinding, wherein the cleanliness RFU of the upper surface and the lower surface of each blank = 5;
(5) assembling: the slab is assembled on the platform in advance, and the time for integrally loading the slab into the vacuum chamber is 8 hours, which is shown in figure 1;
(6) vacuum sealing and welding of the primary blank: the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, welding voltage of 100KV, welding current =120mA, and welding speed =200 mm/min;
(7) heating: putting the seal-welded billet into a gas heating furnace, and setting the furnace temperature to be 1230 +/-20 ℃;
(8) building and forming: upsetting, diffusing at high temperature, rounding to a round bar with the diameter of 1500mm, and cooling to room temperature after forging;
(9) processing and peeling of a blank machine: the unilateral removal amount of a round bar with phi 1500mm is 30mm, the round bar is machined to phi 1440mm, and the two ends of the blank are machined into oblique angles of 50x45 degrees, which is shown in figure 2;
(10) forging and cogging: the stripped blank is subjected to three-way forging, upsetting, punching, reaming and other ring pieces, and the cogging size is phi 2980/phi 1800/450 mm;
(11) rolling and forming: the size of the final forging blank is phi 6940/phi 6315/285 mm;
(12) heat treatment after forging: carrying out solution treatment at the heating temperature of 1060 +/-10 ℃;
(13) semi-finishing: four sides can see light, and the roughness is Ra6.3;
(14) ultrasonic detection: the forging is subjected to ultrasonic flaw detection, and the result shows that the forging has no defects inside and meets the JB/T4730.3-2005I-level requirement;
(15) sampling: decomposing the sample and performing physical and chemical detection;
(16) finish machining: the requirements of the customer drawing are met;
(17) and (6) packaging.
The austenitic stainless steel forging manufactured by the process has no site of surface cracking in the forging process, and the manufacturing process is smooth.
Example 2
The applicant takes a certain nuclear power project ring piece of phi 4825x phi 3930x185mm made of F316H material ordered by a certain customer as an example, the weight of a forged ring blank is as follows: 22 tons, the blanking weight is 26.5 tons.
The implementation of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) sawing the plate blank: the size of the plate blank is 9210mm multiplied by 1545mm multiplied by 200mm, and the plate blank is sawed into small unit plate blanks with the size (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) of 1545 multiplied by 1150 multiplied by 200mm after being qualified in a factory.
(2) Heat treatment of the plate blank: solution treatment is carried out firstly, and the heating temperature is 1060 +/-10 ℃.
(3) Milling: the small unit slab is milled to be 6 surfaces, the size is 1530x1130x193mm (length x width x height), the roughness of the upper surface and the lower surface is Ra6.3, and the rest surfaces are Ra12.5.
(4) Cleaning and grinding, wherein the cleanliness RFU =6 of the upper surface and the lower surface of each blank is obtained.
(5) Assembling: the slab is assembled on the platform in advance, and the whole slab is loaded into the vacuum chamber for 10 hours, as shown in figure 1.
(6) Vacuum sealing and welding of the primary blank: the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, welding voltage 100KV, welding current =120mA, welding speed =180 mm/min.
(7) Heating: and putting the seal-welded billet into a gas heating furnace, wherein the furnace temperature is set to 1230 +/-20 ℃.
(8) Building and forming: the seal-welded billet is subjected to upsetting, high-temperature diffusion and rounding to a round bar with the diameter of 1700mm, and is cooled to room temperature after forging.
(9) Processing and peeling of a blank machine: the single edge of the round bar with the diameter of 1700mm is removed by 35mm, the round bar is machined to the diameter of 1630mm, and the two ends of the blank are machined into oblique angles of 70 multiplied by 45 degrees, which is shown in figure 3.
(10) Forging and cogging: and (3) forging the scalped blank in three directions, upsetting, punching, reaming and other ring pieces, wherein the cogging size is phi 3820/phi 2500/430 mm.
(11) Rolling and forming: the final forging blank size is phi 4905/phi 3850/430 mm.
(12) Heat treatment after forging: solution treatment is carried out, and the heating temperature is 1050 +/-10 ℃.
(13) Semi-finishing: four sides exposed to light, roughness ra 6.3.
(14) Ultrasonic detection: the interior of the forged piece is inspected to meet the standard requirement of NB/T20003.2-2010.
(15) Sampling: decomposing the sample and performing physical and chemical detection.
(16) Finish machining: and the requirements of the customer drawing are met.
(17) And (6) packaging.
The austenitic stainless steel forging manufactured by the process has no site of surface cracking in the forging process, and the manufacturing process is smooth.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preventing surface cracking in the manufacturing process of austenitic stainless steel forgings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sawing the plate blank;
(2) performing solution treatment and heat treatment on the plate blank;
(3) 6 surfaces of the plate blank are milled, and the roughness is improved;
(4) polishing and cleaning the plate blank to improve the cleanliness;
(5) assembling a plate blank: assembling the single-layer assembly on the platform in advance, placing for less than or equal to 12 hours, and then loading into a vacuum chamber;
(6) and (3) vacuum sealing and welding: the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, welding voltage of 100KV, welding current of 120mA, and welding speed of 200 mm/min;
(7) heating sealing and welding steel billets: putting the seal-welded billet into a gas heating furnace, and setting the furnace temperature to be 1230 +/-20 ℃;
(8) and (3) seal welding billet construction: upsetting, diffusing and rounding a seal-welded billet to a round bar, and cooling the seal-welded billet to 25 ℃ by water after forging;
(9) peeling the blank, wherein the single-side removing amount is 20-40 mm;
(10) forging and cogging: forging the scalped blank in three directions, upsetting, punching, reaming and forging;
(11) heat treatment after forging: carrying out solution treatment at the heating temperature of 1060 +/-10 ℃;
(12) semi-finishing;
(13) ultrasonic detection;
(14) sampling and performing physical and chemical detection;
(15) and (7) finishing and packaging.
2. The method for preventing surface cracking during the manufacturing process of austenitic stainless steel forging according to claim 1,
(1) in the middle, the plate blank is sawed into small units with uniform size, and the number of the small units is more than or equal to 9;
(3) and (3) milling a plate blank: milling 6 surfaces of the small unit plate blank, wherein the roughness of the upper surface and the lower surface is Ra being more than or equal to 6.3, and the roughness of the rest surfaces is Ra being more than or equal to 12.5;
(6) in the middle, vacuum sealing and welding: the air pressure of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 10-2Pa, welding voltage of 100KV, welding current of more than or equal to 120mA, and welding speed of 200 mm/min;
(7) in the method, heating: putting the seal-welded billet into a gas heating furnace, and setting the furnace temperature to be 1230 +/-20 ℃;
(8) and (3) sealing and welding a billet: upsetting, diffusing at high temperature, rounding to round bar, and cooling to 25 deg.C;
(9) in the middle, blank machining and peeling: removing a single side of the round bar by 20-40 mm, machining, and processing two ends of the blank into oblique angles;
(10) in the middle, forging and cogging: forging the scalped blank in three directions, upsetting, punching, reaming and forging to form;
(11) the solution treatment temperature is 1050-1070 ℃;
(12) in the middle, semi-finishing: four sides can see light, and the roughness is Ra6.3;
(13) in the ultrasonic detection: according to NB/T47013I stage execution.
3. The method for preventing surface cracking during the manufacture of austenitic stainless steel forgings according to claim 1, wherein in (2), the slab is solution treated and heat treated at a heating temperature of 1060 ℃.
4. The method for preventing surface cracking in the manufacturing process of austenitic stainless steel forgings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the slab is ground and cleaned, and the cleanness RFU of the upper surface and the lower surface of the slab is controlled to be less than or equal to 20.
5. The method for preventing surface cracking during the manufacture of austenitic stainless steel forgings according to claim 1, wherein in (5), the slab assembly: and (3) assembling the single-layer assembly on the platform in advance, placing for 6-12 h, and then loading into a vacuum chamber.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in (7) the seal weld billet is heated: and (3) putting the seal-welded billet steel into a gas heating furnace, and setting the furnace temperature to be 1230 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210206852.0A CN114505652A (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2022-03-04 | Method for preventing surface cracking of austenitic stainless steel forging in manufacturing process |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115255093A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-01 | 山东大学 | Forging and extruding forming method for construction of large-scale blank or member |
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