CN114504636A - Almond oil scald ointment and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Almond oil scald ointment and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of scald plasters, and discloses an almond oil scald plaster as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: 1) reacting semen Armeniacae amarum with protease, centrifuging to obtain upper layer liquid of sweet almond oil; filtering the lower layer liquid, and drying to obtain almond polypeptide; 2) reacting apricot pulp with polysaccharide hydrolase to obtain apricot oligosaccharide; 3) reacting almond oil with lipase, adding a water-insoluble organic solvent and apricot oligosaccharide, and continuing to react to obtain an almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugate; 4) respectively preparing the almond polypeptide and the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate into dispersion liquid; under the condition of stirring, mixing the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid and the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate dispersion liquid, and filtering by a filter membrane to obtain the almond oil scald ointment. The scald ointment can prevent infection and regulate the metabolism balance of subcutaneous tissue fat, sugar and protein, thereby promoting wound healing and reducing the formation of scars. The scald ointment is used for preparing medicines for preventing and treating scalds and repairing scars.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medicines, and particularly relates to almond oil scald ointment as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Burns and scalds are injuries to tissues caused by flames, high-temperature steam or liquid and the like, mainly to skin or mucous membranes, and can seriously injure subcutaneous tissues. Can cause local pain, skin redness and swelling, blisters, lesions, etc. The treatment and timely application of the wound surface can effectively reduce continuous injury and accelerate recovery, but improper application of the medicine can not only delay recovery, but also generate scars. The scar is formed by the accumulation and abnormal arrangement of scar collagen fibers due to the disturbance of the synthesis and decomposition function balance of collagen caused by the change of local microenvironment in the healing process of the wound. The commonly used medicines include anti-infection medicines and necrosis-removing and granulation-promoting medicines, such as antibiotics, some traditional Chinese medicines for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and nourishing, etc., which cannot change the metabolic balance of collagen, so even if inflammation is controlled and hyperplasia is promoted, scars cannot be eliminated.
The almond oil has the function of protecting skin, and CN104288828A and CN105169463A disclose a dressing containing the almond oil, which can be used for treating scalds, but the simple grease only has the function of isolating air to prevent wound infection and cannot improve the microenvironment of injured tissues in the aspect of nutrition metabolism of subcutaneous tissues.
The almond oil and other components in the almond are reassembled to prepare the ointment for improving the tissue metabolism microenvironment of the burns and scalds to accelerate the repair and reduce the scar generation, and the ointment has good clinical application value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide the almond oil scald ointment and the preparation method thereof.
The invention also aims to provide application of the almond oil scald ointment in preparing a medicament for preventing and treating scalds.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
An oleum Armeniacae amarum scald ointment is a nanometer ointment containing oleum Armeniacae amarum and fructus Pruni oligosaccharide conjugate as shell and semen Armeniacae amarum polypeptide as core.
The preparation method of the almond oil scald ointment comprises the following steps:
1) reacting semen Armeniacae amarum with protease in buffer solution of pH5-9, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant as sweet almond oil; filtering the lower layer liquid membrane, and drying the filtrate to obtain almond polypeptide; the protease is preferably an immobilized protease; the dosage of the immobilized protease is 1-10% of the mass of the almond; the dosage of the buffer solution is 8-30 times of the mass of the almond; the reaction condition is that the reaction is carried out for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 40 and 60 ℃; the centrifugation condition is 3000-5000 r/min centrifugation for 30-60 min; the membrane filtration refers to the filtration by using a membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5-20 kDa; the drying is freeze drying, the freeze drying time is 24-48h, and the freeze drying temperature is-20 to-50 ℃;
2) reacting apricot pulp with polysaccharide hydrolase in a buffer solution with the pH value of 5-9, filtering, and drying the filtrate to obtain apricot oligosaccharide; the polysaccharide hydrolase is immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase (namely immobilizing the polysaccharide hydrolase), and the dosage of the immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase is 0.5-5% of the mass of the apricot pulp; the using amount of the buffer solution is 8-30 times of the mass of the apricot pulp; the reaction condition is that the reaction is carried out for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 40 and 60 ℃; the drying is freeze drying, the freeze drying time is 24-48h, and the freeze drying temperature is-20 to-50 ℃;
3) reacting almond oil with lipase in a buffer solution with the pH value of 5-9, adding a water-insoluble organic solvent and apricot oligosaccharide, continuing to react, standing, and drying supernatant to obtain an almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugate;
4) respectively preparing almond polypeptide and almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate into dispersion solutions by adopting a buffer solution; under the condition of stirring, mixing the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid and the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate dispersion liquid, filtering by a filter membrane, and drying to obtain the almond oil scald ointment.
The buffer solution in the steps 1) to 4) is one of acetic acid buffer solution, phosphate buffer solution and Tris-HCl buffer solution.
In the step 1), the almonds are crushed and sieved by a sieve with 10-30 meshes before use.
The immobilized protease in the step 1) is more than one of neutral protease, alkaline protease and papain adsorbed or crosslinked on a water-insoluble carrier.
The immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase in the step 2) is one or more of fructosidase, lactase and glucanase adsorbed or crosslinked on a water-insoluble carrier.
The water-insoluble carrier is mesoporous silica.
The immobilized protease or immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase is prepared by the following method: preparing protease or polysaccharide hydrolase into a solution by adopting a buffer solution to obtain a protease buffer solution or polysaccharide hydrolase buffer solution; uniformly mixing the protease buffer solution or polysaccharide hydrolase buffer solution with the water-insoluble carrier, adding a cross-linking agent, reacting, and filtering to obtain the immobilized protease or immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase. The mass concentration of the protease buffer solution or polysaccharide hydrolase buffer solution is 0.5-2%; the dosage of the water-insoluble carrier is 6-15 times of the mass of the protease or polysaccharide hydrolase;
the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the dosage of the cross-linking agent is 2-4% of the mass of the carrier.
The reaction condition is 40-60 ℃ for 10-14 h.
The water-insoluble organic solvent in the step 3) is more than one of ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and cyclohexane.
In the step 3), the dosage of the lipase is 5-10% of the mass of the almond oil; the using amount of the buffer solution is 8-30 times of the mass of the almond oil; the reaction condition is that the reaction is carried out for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 40 and 60 ℃; the dosage of the water-insoluble organic solvent is 5-10 times of the mass of the almond oil; the mass ratio of the apricot oligosaccharide to the almond oil is (0.5-1.5): 1; the continuous reaction time is 1-3 h; the standing time is 8-24 h; the drying is vacuum drying, and the conditions of the vacuum drying are as follows: concentrating and drying at 40-60 deg.C and 0.01-0.1MPa for 3-8 hr;
in the step 4), the mass ratio of the almond polypeptide to the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate is 1: (5-20).
The rotating speed of the stirring in the step 4) is 5000-; the mixing is stirring mixing, and the mixing time is 10-60 min; the mixing is to add the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid into the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate dispersion liquid, and stir and mix.
The microfiltration membrane in the step 4) refers to a 0.1-0.5 mu m microfiltration membrane.
The buffer solution in the step 4) is a pH5-9 buffer solution; the respective concentrations of the dispersions are from 5 to 10% by weight.
The drying in the step 4) is freeze drying.
The almond oil scald ointment can be applied to preparation of a scald prevention medicine, so that the balance of subcutaneous tissue fat, sugar and protein metabolism can be adjusted while infection is prevented, and the formation of scars can be reduced while wound healing is promoted.
The principle of the invention is as follows: almond is extracted by buffer solution containing immobilized protease to separate almond oil, the rest solution is ultrafiltered to obtain almond polypeptide, and almond pulp is extracted by buffer solution containing immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase to obtain apricot oligosaccharide. The almond oil is hydrolyzed into fatty acid under the action of lipase, and forms a conjugate with the apricot oligosaccharide. Because the hydrophobic part of the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate is connected with the hydrophobic group of the almond polypeptide, a nano structure with the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate as a shell and the almond polypeptide as a core is formed. The structure makes it easy to enter tissue cells and release polypeptide, oligosaccharide and fatty acid under the action of intracellular enzyme, so that the polypeptide, carbohydrate and fat level in cells can be regulated to avoid excessive synthesis of collagen and formation of scar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the invention prepares a nano preparation of almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate entrapping almond polypeptide, which is beneficial to skin permeation and cell absorption.
(2) The invention overcomes the defects of single action of grease, polysaccharide and polypeptide and incapability of regulating metabolism, and the formed nano cream can improve the tissue metabolism microenvironment of burns and scalds, inhibit excessive proliferation of collagen and reduce the generation of scars.
(3) The method has mild reaction conditions and is easy for industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The immobilized enzyme used in the following examples is obtained by adding mesoporous silica 10 times the mass of the enzyme into 1 wt% of enzyme buffer solution (phosphate buffer solution with pH 7), uniformly mixing, adding 3% glutaraldehyde (the addition of the glutaraldehyde is 3% of the mass of the mesoporous silica), reacting for 12h at 40-60 ℃, and filtering.
Example 1
(1) Crushing 1kg of almond, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, adding 10g of immobilized neutral protease and 8kg of acetic acid buffer solution with the pH value of 5 at 40 ℃, extracting for 1h, centrifuging at 3000 r/min for 60min, collecting the upper layer liquid which is sweet almond oil, filtering by using a membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5kDa, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 24h to obtain 165g of almond polypeptide;
(2) adding 5g of immobilized fructosidase into 1kg of apricot pulp and 8kg of acetic acid buffer solution with pH value of 5, reacting at 40 ℃ for 1h, filtering, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 24h to obtain 87g of almond oligosaccharide;
(3) adding 5g of lipase into 100g of almond oil, reacting with 800g of acetic acid buffer solution with the pH value of 5 at 40 ℃ for 1h, adding 500g of ethyl acetate and 50g of apricot oligosaccharide, continuing to react for 1h, standing for 8h, concentrating and drying supernatant at 50 ℃ and 0.01MPa for 3h to obtain 85g of almond oil apricot oligosaccharide conjugate;
(4) respectively preparing 5% dispersion liquid of 10g of almond polypeptide and 50g of almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugate by using pH5 acetic acid buffer solution, adding the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid into the dispersion liquid of the almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugate under the stirring of 5000 r/min, stirring for 10min, filtering by a 0.1 mu m microporous filter membrane, and freeze-drying (-50 ℃, 24h) to obtain the almond oil scald ointment.
Example 2
(1) Crushing 1kg of almond, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve, adding 100g of immobilized alkaline protease and 30kg of phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 9 at 60 ℃, extracting for 3h, centrifuging at 5000 r/min for 30min, collecting the upper layer liquid which is sweet almond oil, filtering the lower layer liquid by using a membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 20kDa, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 48h to obtain 235g of almond polypeptide;
(2) adding 50g of immobilized lactase and 30 times of phosphate buffer solution with pH9 into 1kg of apricot pulp, reacting at 60 deg.C for 3h, filtering, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 48h to obtain 117g of almond oligosaccharide;
(3) adding 10g of lipase into 100g of almond oil and 3kg of phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 9 at 60 ℃ for reacting for 3h, adding 1kg of petroleum ether and 150g of almond oligosaccharide, continuing to react for 3h, standing for 24h, concentrating and drying supernatant at 70 ℃ and 0.1MPa for 8h to obtain 120g of almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate;
(4) respectively preparing 10% dispersion liquid of 10g of almond polypeptide and 200g of almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate by using a phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 9, adding the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid into the dispersion liquid of the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate under the stirring condition of 20000 revolutions per minute, stirring for 60 minutes, filtering by using a 0.5 mu m microporous filter membrane, and freeze-drying to obtain the almond oil scald ointment.
Example 3
(1) Crushing 1kg of almond, sieving the crushed almond with a 20-mesh sieve, adding 50g of immobilized papain and 15kg of Tris-HCl buffer solution with the pH value of 6 at 60 ℃ for extraction for 2h, centrifuging the mixture at 4000 rpm for 40min, collecting the upper layer liquid which is sweet almond oil, filtering the lower layer liquid by using a membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 10kDa, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 36h to obtain 215g of almond polypeptide;
(2) adding 25g of immobilized dextranase and 20 times of pH6Tris-HCl buffer solution into 1kg of apricot pulp, reacting at 60 ℃ for 2h, filtering, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 36h to obtain 104g of almond oligosaccharide;
(3) adding 7g of lipase into 100g of almond oil, reacting with 1.5kg of Tris-HCl buffer solution with the pH value of 6 at 60 ℃ for 2h, adding 700g of cyclohexane and 100g of almond oligosaccharide, continuing to react for 2h, standing for 16h, concentrating and drying supernatant at the temperature of 60 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.05MPa for 5h to obtain 132g of almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate;
(4) respectively preparing 10g of almond polypeptide and 100g of almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate into 7% dispersion liquid by using a pH6Tris-HCl buffer solution, adding the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid into the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate dispersion liquid under stirring at 10000 r/min, stirring for 30min, filtering by using a 0.3 mu m microporous filter membrane, and freeze-drying to obtain the almond oil scald ointment.
Example 4
(1) Crushing 1kg of almond, sieving the crushed almond by a sieve of 10-30 meshes, adding 20g of immobilized neutral protease and 10kg of acetic acid buffer solution with the pH value of 6 at 55 ℃, extracting for 1.5h, centrifuging the almond oil at 3500 rpm for 50min, collecting the upper layer liquid which is sweet almond oil, filtering the lower layer liquid by a membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 10kDa, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 30h to obtain 185g of almond polypeptide;
(2) adding 10g of immobilized fructosidase into 1kg of apricot pulp and 12 times of acetic acid buffer solution with pH of 6, reacting at 55 deg.C for 1.5h, filtering, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 30h to obtain 96g of almond oligosaccharide;
(3) adding 6g of lipase into 100g of almond oil, reacting with 1kg of acetic acid buffer solution with the pH value of 6 at 55 ℃ for 1.5h, adding 600g of ethyl acetate and 80g of almond oligosaccharide, continuing to react for 1.5h, standing for 12h, concentrating and drying supernatant at 55 ℃ and 0.05MPa for 5h to obtain 113kg of almond oil and almond oligosaccharide conjugate;
(4) respectively preparing 7% dispersion liquid of 10g of almond polypeptide and 80g of almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate glycoside by using acetic acid buffer solution with the pH value of 5.5, adding the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid into the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate dispersion liquid under the stirring condition of 8000 revolutions per minute, stirring for 20 minutes, filtering by using a 0.3 mu m microporous filter membrane, and freeze-drying to obtain the almond oil scald ointment.
Example 5
(1) Crushing 1kg of almond, sieving with a 25-mesh sieve, adding 80g of immobilized alkaline protease and 20kg of phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 8 at 45 ℃, extracting for 2.5h, centrifuging at 4500 r/min for 35min, collecting the upper layer liquid which is sweet almond oil, filtering the lower layer liquid by using a membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 15kDa, and freeze-drying the filtrate for 40h to obtain 218g of almond polypeptide;
(2) adding 40g of immobilized dextranase and 25 times of phosphate buffer solution with pH of 8 into 1kg of apricot pulp, reacting at 45 deg.C for 2.5h, filtering, and freeze drying the filtrate for 40h to obtain 109g of almond oligosaccharide;
(3) adding 8g of lipase into 100g of almond oil, reacting with 2kg of phosphate buffer solution with pH of 8 at 45 ℃ for 2.5h, adding 800g of cyclohexane and 120g of almond oligosaccharide, continuing to react for 2.5h, standing for 20h, concentrating and drying supernatant at 65 ℃ and 0.06MPa for 6h to obtain 126g of almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate;
(4) respectively preparing 10g of almond polypeptide and 180g of almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate into 8% dispersion liquid by using a pH8 phosphate buffer, adding the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid into the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate dispersion liquid under the stirring of 15000 r/min, stirring for 40min, filtering by using a 0.4 mu m microporous filter membrane, and freeze-drying to obtain the almond oil scald ointment.
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 1 was followed except that no almond oligosaccharide was added in step (3), and the product thus obtained was control 1.
Comparative example 2
The preparation was carried out as in example 1, but with the almond oil apricot oligosaccharide conjugate replaced by lecithin in step (4), and the product obtained was control 2.
Test 1 compositional analysis of almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugates prepared in examples 1-5
The method comprises the following steps: an appropriate amount of the almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugate prepared in the examples 1 to 5 is taken to measure the sugar content in the sample according to the determination (NY/T1676-2008) of the content of crude polysaccharide in edible fungi, which is the agricultural industry standard of the people's republic of China, and the fatty acid content in the sample is measured according to the first method of the determination (GB5009.168-2016) of fatty acid in food, which is the national standard of food safety.
As a result: the contents of sugar and fatty acid in the almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugate prepared in examples 1-5 are shown in table 1, and the product contains 31.6-42.7% of sugar and 52.3-65.5% of fatty acid, which indicates that the conjugate contains both sugar and fatty acid.
The molecular weight of the almond oil oligosaccharide prepared in the embodiments 1-5 is 600-1500Da, and the almond oil oligosaccharide has reducibility.
TABLE 1 Almond oil Almond oligosaccharide conjugate content composition
| Sample source | Sugar content% | Content of fatty acid% |
| Example 1 | 31.6 | 65.5 |
| Example 2 | 42.7 | 52.3 |
| Example 3 | 37.4 | 58.5 |
| Example 4 | 33.8 | 62.1 |
| Example 5 | 40.4 | 56.2 |
Test 2 determination of the nanoparticle size and almond polypeptide drug-loading of the almond oil scald ointment prepared in examples 1-5
The method comprises the following steps: the almond oil scald ointment prepared in the examples 1-5 is measured for particle size by a Malvern nanometer particle size analyzer, an appropriate amount of free almond polypeptide is removed by a microcolumn centrifugation method, the protein content in a sample is measured by a Coomassie Brilliant blue method (SN/T3926-2006) according to the standard of the export-import inspection and quarantine industry of the people's republic of China, namely the measurement of the protein content in milk, egg and bean foods, and the drug loading capacity of the almond polypeptide is calculated.
As a result: the particle size and the content of the almond peptide of the almond oil scald ointment prepared in the examples 1-5 are shown in a table 2, the particle size is 227-284nm, and the drug-loading rate is 4.65-13.8%, which indicates that the product is a nano preparation loaded with the almond peptide. The comparative example 1 has no drug loading, which indicates that the almond fatty acid has no entrapment capability; control 2 has a small drug loading, indicating that the liposomes can entrap almond polypeptide, but the drug loading is low.
TABLE 2 particle size of Almond oil scald and drug-loading of Almond polypeptide
Test 3 the effect of almond oil scald ointment prepared in example 1
The method comprises the following steps: 48 male SD rats of 250 +/-25 g are bred for 1 week, a shaver depilates, the rats are disinfected by alcohol with the volume fraction of 70%, then chloral hydrate (the volume fraction is 10%, 350mg/kg) is injected into the abdominal cavity for anesthesia, an iron rod with the diameter of 3cm is placed in boiling water for 15min, the rats are quickly wiped dry by gauze after being taken out, one end of the iron rod is tightly attached to the back skin of the rats for 7s, and a deep II-degree scald model is formed. After 0.5h of scald, the experimental rats are randomly divided into 8 groups, each group comprises 6 rats, and the rats are respectively a negative control group (normal saline group), a positive control group (sulfadiazine silver ointment group) and 3-8 administration groups (example 1, almond oil, almond polypeptide, almond oligosaccharide, almond oil-almond oligosaccharide combination, almond oil scald ointment and control example 2), and are raised in cages. About 20mg per rat was administered 1 time per day. The area of the scald wound was measured on day 2, day 7, and day 14 morning 8, and the scar generation was observed. The wound healing rate was calculated according to the following formula: the wound healing rate is (original wound area-unhealed wound area)/original wound area × 100%.
As a result: the results are shown in table 3, compared with a negative control group, the almond oil, the almond polypeptide, the almond oligosaccharide and the control example 2 all have certain effects of promoting wound healing, but the effect is weaker than that of a positive control, the effect of the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide combination is similar to that of the positive control, the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide combination is obviously superior to that of a single component, and only the healing rate of the wound surface of the almond oil scald ointment is obviously superior to that of other groups. After 14 days, the wound surface of the almond oil scald ointment group has no scars, and other groups have scars, which shows that the almond oil scald ointment plays a synergistic effect of all the components and has the effects of promoting the healing of the wound surface and reducing the generation of scars.
TABLE 3 rat wound healing Rate: (
％)
The above examples of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of almond oil scald ointment is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) reacting semen Armeniacae amarum with protease in buffer solution of pH5-9, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant as sweet almond oil; filtering the lower layer liquid membrane, and drying the filtrate to obtain almond polypeptide;
2) reacting apricot pulp with polysaccharide hydrolase in a buffer solution with the pH value of 5-9, filtering, and drying the filtrate to obtain apricot oligosaccharide;
3) in a buffer solution with the pH value of 5-9, sweet almond oil reacts with lipase, a water-insoluble organic solvent and apricot oligosaccharide are added, the reaction is continued, the mixture is kept stand, and the supernatant is dried to obtain an apricot oil and apricot oligosaccharide conjugate;
4) respectively preparing almond polypeptide and almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate into dispersion solutions by adopting a buffer solution; under the condition of stirring, mixing the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid and the almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugate dispersion liquid, filtering by a membrane, and drying to obtain the almond oil scald ointment, namely the ointment for preventing and treating scald, repairing and reducing scars.
2. The method for preparing the almond oil scald ointment as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the protease in the step 1) is immobilized protease; the dosage of the immobilized protease is 1-10% of the mass of the almond;
the polysaccharide hydrolase in the step 2) is immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase, and the amount of the immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase in the step 2) is 0.5-5% of the mass of the apricot pulp;
the immobilized protease in the step 1) is more than one of neutral protease, alkaline protease and papain adsorbed or crosslinked on a water-insoluble carrier;
the immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase in the step 2) is one or more of fructosidase, lactase and glucanase adsorbed or crosslinked on a water-insoluble carrier;
in the step 4), the mass ratio of the almond polypeptide to the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate is 1: (5-20).
3. The method for preparing the almond oil scald ointment as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that:
the water-insoluble carrier is mesoporous silica;
the immobilized protease or immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase is prepared by the following method: preparing protease or polysaccharide hydrolase into a solution by adopting a buffer solution to obtain a protease buffer solution or polysaccharide hydrolase buffer solution; uniformly mixing the protease buffer solution or polysaccharide hydrolase buffer solution with the water-insoluble carrier, adding a cross-linking agent, reacting, and filtering to obtain the immobilized protease or immobilized polysaccharide hydrolase.
4. The method for preparing the almond oil scald ointment as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that:
the mass concentration of the protease buffer solution or polysaccharide hydrolase buffer solution is 0.5-2%; the dosage of the water-insoluble carrier is 6-15 times of the mass of the protease or polysaccharide hydrolase;
the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the amount of the cross-linking agent is 2-4% of the mass of the carrier;
after the cross-linking agent is added, the reaction is carried out for 10-14h under the condition of 40-60 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the almond oil scald ointment as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the reaction condition in the step 1) is 40-60 ℃ for 1-3 h; the reaction condition in the step 2) is 40-60 ℃ for 1-3 h;
the buffer solution in the steps 1) to 4) is one of acetic acid buffer solution, phosphate buffer solution and Tris-HCl buffer solution;
the water-insoluble organic solvent in the step 3) is more than one of ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and cyclohexane;
the dosage of the water-insoluble organic solvent in the step 3) is 5-10 times of the mass of the almond oil; in the step 3), the mass ratio of the apricot oligosaccharide to the almond oil is (0.5-1.5): 1;
the reaction condition in the step 3) is 40-60 ℃ for 1-3 h; the continuous reaction time in the step 3) is 1-3 h; the rotation speed of the stirring in the step 4) is 5000-.
6. The method for preparing the almond oil scald ointment according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
the membrane filtration in the step 1) refers to the filtration by using a membrane with the molecular weight cutoff of 5-20 kDa;
in the step 3), the dosage of the lipase is 5-10% of the mass of the almond oil; the microporous filter membrane in the step 4) is a microporous filter membrane with the diameter of 0.1-0.5 mu m.
7. The method for preparing the almond oil scald ointment as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the dosage of the buffer solution in the step 1) is 8-30 times of the mass of the almond; the centrifugation condition in the step 1) is 3000-5000 r/min for 30-60 min; the using amount of the buffer solution in the step 3) is 8-30 times of the mass of the almond oil;
the using amount of the buffer solution in the step 2) is 8-30 times of the mass of the apricot pulp; the mixing in the step 4) is stirring mixing, and the mixing time is 10-60 min;
the buffer solution in the step 4) is a pH5-9 buffer solution; the respective concentrations of the dispersions are from 5 to 10% by weight.
8. The method for preparing the almond oil scald ointment as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step 1), the almonds are crushed and sieved by a sieve with 10-30 meshes before use; the drying in the step 1) is freeze drying, the freeze drying time is 24-48h, and the freeze drying temperature is-20 to-50 ℃;
the drying in the step 2) is freeze drying, the freeze drying time is 24-48h, and the freeze drying temperature is-20 to-50 ℃;
the standing time in the step 3) is 8-24 h; the drying in the step 3) is vacuum drying, and the vacuum drying condition is as follows: concentrating and drying at 40-60 deg.C and 0.01-0.1MPa for 3-8 hr;
the mixing in the step 4) is to add the almond polypeptide dispersion liquid into the almond oil-almond oligosaccharide conjugate dispersion liquid, stir and mix; the drying in the step 4) is freeze drying.
9. An almond oil scald ointment obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that: is a scald ointment which is composed of an almond oil-apricot oligosaccharide conjugate as a shell and almond polypeptide as a core.
10. The use of the almond oil scald ointment of claim 9 in the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating scalds and repairing scars.
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