CN114499689B - Controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing and implementation method - Google Patents
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- H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing and an implementation method, wherein the microwave photon storage comprises cigar type cold atomic groups, a microwave source, a signal modulator, an optical fiber, a dichroic mirror, a photomultiplier and a phase-locked amplifier; the microwave source generates signal microwaves and auxiliary microwaves to be stored, and the signal microwaves and the auxiliary microwaves are modulated by the signal modulator and then input into cigar-type cold atomic groups; the cigar type cold atomic group stores signal microwaves into an atomic ensemble and converts the signal microwaves into light waves under the action of modulated auxiliary light waves to be read; the photomultiplier is used for receiving and generating light waves; the phase-locked amplifier recovers a waveform from the modulated lightwave signal. The invention uses the Lidberg atom controllable six-wave mixing process to store the signal microwave as the Lidberg polaron, converts the signal microwave into light wave under the action of the modulated auxiliary light wave to be read, finally recovers the light wave waveform through the lock-in amplifier, and realizes the controllable broadband microwave photon storage by changing the incidence time of the auxiliary light wave.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum storage and relay, in particular to a controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing and an implementation method.
Background
With the continuous development of quantum information technology, the construction of a quantum network based on solid-state quantum bits is a current topic of intense research. The quantum storage technology based on cold atom ensemble at present is a quantum storage scheme of atomic ground state energy level, and is commonly used for coupling light wave bands, while the coupling between microwaves and ground state energy level is weak, so that efficient microwave photon storage cannot be realized. The Redberg cold atom ensemble is used as a high-efficiency quantum transducer from microwave to light wave, and the time-controllable coherent conversion of the information of the solid quantum bit is realized by introducing a storage scheme of microwave photons.
ATS (attler-Townes split) storage is at the earliest a storage realized based on the effect of a cold atom three-level attler-Townes, the coherent absorption of the ATS to weak signal light is dynamically controlled under the action of strong control light, and the signal light is stored inside an atom through the controlled absorption of the light of the ATS peak. After a period of storage, the stored signal light can be read out by switching on the strong control light again. The Lindsay j.leblanc research group in 2018 Canada realized an ATS storage scheme of an optical band for the first time in a cold atomic system, and theoretically predicted a storage efficiency of up to 90% under the condition of a large optical thickness atomic group. The ATS storage scheme has the advantages of high bandwidth, weak control light intensity and moderate required optical thickness, and is suitable for microwave photon storage based on a Redberg cold atom ensemble.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing and an implementation method thereof, which have the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, large memory bandwidth and strong feasibility.
The invention solves the problems by the following technical means:
in one aspect, the invention provides a controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing, which comprises a cigar type cold atomic group, a microwave source, a signal modulator, a loudspeaker, an optical fiber coupling head, an optical fiber, a dichroic mirror, a photomultiplier and a phase-locked amplifier;
the microwave source generates two microwave signals with different frequencies and electric field intensities, wherein the microwave signals comprise auxiliary microwaves and signal microwaves which need to be stored; the signal modulator modulates the waveforms of the signal microwaves and the auxiliary microwaves through the multiplication circuit to generate modulated mixed microwaves; the horn emits a mixed microwave signal into a cigar type cold atomic group; the detection light and the coupling light are oppositely driven into a cigar type cold atomic group to excite the Redberg atoms, and signal microwaves are stored in the Redberg atoms under the action of auxiliary microwaves in the process of performing the controllable six-wave mixing of the Redberg type cold atomic group; by driving auxiliary light waves, the Redberg polarons can be converted into light waves to be read out, and the light waves and the auxiliary light waves are generated separately through a bicolor mirror; the read light wave is collected into an optical fiber through an optical fiber coupling head, the optical fiber is used for transmitting the read light wave signal and then transmitting the read light wave signal to a photomultiplier, the photomultiplier is used for receiving the read light wave signal, and a lock-in amplifier is used for recovering and generating the light wave from the modulated light wave signal.
Further, the lock-in amplifier comprises a signal channel, a reference channel, a phase sensitive detector and a low-pass filter, wherein the modulated light wave signal is subjected to alternating current amplification and interference noise elimination through the signal channel, the reference channel outputs a frequency reference signal, the phase sensitive detector is used for multiplying an input signal and the reference signal, and finally, a high-frequency signal is filtered through the low-pass filter, so that the waveform is recovered.
Further, the optical fiber coupling head filters the generated light in the free space through the optical filter, and then uses the aspheric lens to shrink the beam and then enters the optical fiber.
Further, the optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the light inlet end of the optical fiber faces one end of the polarization beam splitter, and the light outlet end of the optical fiber faces the photomultiplier.
Further, the cigar-type cold atomic group is a cold atomic group which is formed by trapping rubidium 87 atoms by utilizing a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology and has a shape similar to a cigar type, and the larger the optical thickness is, the higher the storage efficiency is.
On the other hand, the invention provides a controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method based on six-wave mixing, which comprises the following steps:
Further, step 301 specifically includes:
the detection light and the coupling light generated by the two tunable lasers are respectively introduced into the atomic groups from the two ends of the cigar type cold atomic group by utilizing the optical fibers, the detection light and the coupling light are overlapped in the cigar type cold atomic group, and an electromagnetic induction transparent window is formed under the combined action of the single photon resonance detection light and the two photon resonance detection light and the coupling light.
Further, step 302 specifically includes:
the microwave source generates two microwave signals, the two microwave signals are modulated by the signal modulator and then become modulated signal microwaves which need to be stored and modulated auxiliary microwaves, the two microwave signals are transmitted to the loudspeaker through the power divider, the two microwave signals are transmitted along the coupling light input direction through the loudspeaker, the signal microwaves are resonantly coupled with the Redberg state, and at the moment, the absorption of the Redberg atoms to the microwaves occurs; the auxiliary microwaves dynamically regulate the absorption by generating a strong driving field, and under the dynamic control of the auxiliary microwaves, the signal microwaves are rapidly stored as the reed burg polarons and stored in the atomic ensemble.
Further, step 303 specifically includes:
after the storage is completed, the detection light, the coupling light, the signal microwaves and the auxiliary microwaves are quickly turned off, the state of the Redberg polarons is kept, the controllable modulated auxiliary light waves are transmitted into cigar type atomic groups within the range of the coherence time of the Redberg polarons, the direction of the auxiliary light waves is the same as the incidence direction of the detection light, the auxiliary light waves are used for converting the Redberg polarons into light waves, so that the conversion from the signal microwaves to the light waves is realized, and meanwhile, the storage process of controllable microwave photons is realized by utilizing the auxiliary light waves with controllable input time.
Further, after step 303, the method further includes:
and 304, recovering the light wave waveform by a phase-locked amplifier from the light wave signal acquired by the photomultiplier, and calculating the storage efficiency by performing time integration on the light wave waveform.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
1. the controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing and the implementation method thereof combine the Lidberg six-wave mixing technology and the ATS storage technology to realize high-efficiency microwave light wave coherent conversion, and the bandwidth can be widened to 8-9MHz, thereby greatly improving the channel capacity of microwave photon storage.
2. The controllable broadband microwave photon memory and the method based on six-wave mixing can transmit information through amplitude modulation and phase modulation, and the received minimum electric field strength and sensitivity are low to the nano-volt level, so that the storage close to the single microwave photon level can be realized.
3. Compared with microwaves with transmission loss of 1dB/m, the controllable broadband microwave photon memory and the method convert the information of microwave photons into light waves with transmission loss of 0.3dB/km, thereby being more convenient for remote transmission of quantum information.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy level structure of the implementation process of the controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method based on six-wave mixing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing, which comprises a cigar type cold atomic group 1, a microwave source 2, a signal modulator 4, a loudspeaker 5, a dichroic mirror 8, an optical fiber coupling head 9, an optical fiber 10, a photomultiplier 11 and a lock-in amplifier 12.
The microwave source 2 is used for generating microwave signals with two different frequencies and electric field intensities, wherein the microwave signals comprise signal microwaves 208 and auxiliary microwaves 209 which need to be stored; the mixed microwave signal 6 is emitted into the cigar-type cold atomic group 1 by the horn 5 through the waveform regulation and control of the microwave by the signal modulator 4. The cigar type cold atomic group 1 is used for generating a Lidberg controllable six-wave mixing process, signal microwaves 208 are stored in Lidberg atoms under the action of auxiliary microwaves 209, and the Lidberg polarons can be converted into light waves 7 to be read out by driving auxiliary light waves 211; the light wave 7 is split by the dichroic mirror 8 to generate a light wave 212 and an auxiliary light wave 211. The read light wave is collected into an optical fiber 10 through an optical fiber coupling head 9 and then transmitted to a photomultiplier 11. The lock-in amplifier 12 is used to recover the generated light wave 212 from the modulated light wave signal 7.
When storage is realized, the cigar type cold atomic group 1 receives modulated signal microwaves 208 and auxiliary microwaves 209, in the process of storing the Redberg ATS, the signal microwaves 208 are quickly stored in the Redberg polarons, in the coherent time, the Redberg polarons can be converted into light waves to be read out through pumping the auxiliary light waves 211, the light wave signals which are collected and read out through optical fibers are transmitted to the photomultiplier 11, the photomultiplier 11 converts the detected modulated light wave signals 10 into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the lock-in amplifier 12 for demodulation, and the lock-in amplifier 12 recovers to generate microwaves 212, so that controllable microwave photon storage is realized.
Wherein, the microwave source 2 generates two microwave signals MW1 and MW2 with different frequencies and different electric field intensities, MW1 is signal microwave 208, MW2 is auxiliary microwave 209, and the waveforms are modulated by the signal modulator 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the left side is an energy level structure diagram of microwave photon storage generated by atoms in the cigar type cold atomic group 1. Taking rubidium 87 atom as an example, 201 (5S 1/2 F=2, mf=2) is the ground state of rubidium atom, 202(5P 3/2 F=3) is an intermediate excited state of rubidium atom, 203 (47S) 1/2 )、204(47P 3/2 ) And 205 (48P) 3/2 ) Three reed burg states of rubidium atoms respectively; 206 is probe light with a wavelength of 780nm, 207 is coupled light with a wavelength of 480 nm; 208 is in the state of Redberg 47S 1/2 →47P 3/2 Signal microwaves with the inter-transition resonance and the frequency of 37.52000 GHz; 209 is in the Redberg state 47P 3/2 →48P 3/2 The inter-transition resonance is an auxiliary microwave with a frequency of 37.83000 GHz. The right side is an energy level structure diagram of light wave photon reading of atoms in the cigar type cold atomic group 1. 210 (5P) 1/2 F=2, mf=1) is an intermediate excited state of the rubidium atom, and 211 is assist light having a wavelength of 475 nm. 212 are the 795nm light photons generated.
When the probe light 206 and the coupling light 207 are incident on the cigar-type cold atomic group 1 in opposite directions, an electromagnetic induction transparent window is formed. At this time, the signal microwave 208 and the auxiliary microwave 209 are added, which are modulated by the waveform, and the transition resonance between the signal microwave 208 and the reed burg states 203 and 204, and the transition resonance between the auxiliary microwave 209 and the reed burg states 204 and 205. Therefore, a cascade three-energy-level ATS storage configuration is formed between the signal microwaves 208, the auxiliary microwaves 209 and the reed burg states 203, 204, 205, and under the action of the auxiliary microwaves 209, the signal microwaves 208 are converted into reed burg polarons and stored in the atomic ensemble. In the coherent time range, the auxiliary light wave 211 modulated by the waveform is incident on the cigar-type cold atomic group 1 along the incidence direction of the detection light 206, and the Redberg polarons stored in the atomic ensemble are converted into a light wave signal 212 to be read out. The auxiliary light wave 211 has a small detuning from the resonance transitions of the reed-burg state 205 and the intermediate excited state 210, and three consecutive EIT processes are coupled to each other, resulting in a change in the two-photon resonance conditions in the EIT, a change in the position of the transparent window of the medium for generating the light wave 212, and a transparency of the medium for generating the light wave 212. The amplitude and phase information of the signal microwaves 208 can be stored and then converted into light waves 212 to be read out by the controllable six-wave mixing technique. S, P and D represent atomic energy levels having orbital angular momentum quanta of 0, 1 and 2, respectively.
The lock-in amplifier 12 mainly comprises a signal channel, a reference channel, a phase sensitive detector and a low-pass filter, wherein the modulated light wave signal is subjected to alternating current amplification and interference noise elimination through the signal channel, the reference channel outputs a frequency reference signal, the phase sensitive detector is used for multiplying an input signal and the reference signal, and finally, a high-frequency signal is filtered through the low-pass filter, so that the waveform is recovered.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, based on the memory of the above embodiment, the present invention further provides a controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method based on six-wave mixing, which includes the following steps:
in step 303, only the modulated auxiliary light wave 211 is turned on, the reed-burg polarons are converted into light wave signals 212, and data acquisition is completed through the photomultiplier 11.
The invention relates to a controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method based on six-wave mixing, which adopts the working principle that in a prepared cigar type cold atomic group 1, detection light 206 and coupling light 207 generated by two tunable lasers are respectively introduced into the atomic group from two ends of the cigar type cold atomic group 1 by utilizing optical fibers, and the detection light 206 and the coupling light 207 are overlapped in the cigar type cold atomic group 1. Under the combined action of the single-photon and two-photon resonance detection light 206 and the coupling light 207, an electromagnetic induction transparent window is formed. The microwave source 2 generates two microwave signals, which are modulated by the signal modulator 4, into modulated signal microwaves 208 and modulated auxiliary microwaves 209. The two microwave signals are transmitted to the horn 5 by the power divider, and the two microwave signals are transmitted in the coupling light input direction by the horn 5. The signal microwaves 208 resonantly couple the two reed burg states of the rubidium atoms, and at this time, absorption of microwaves by the reed burg atoms occurs; the auxiliary microwaves 209 then dynamically regulate the absorption by generating a strong driving field. Under dynamic control of the auxiliary microwaves 209, the signal microwaves 208 are rapidly stored as reed burg polarons and are stored in an atomic ensemble. After the storage is completed, the probe light 206, the coupling light 207, the signal microwaves 208 and the auxiliary microwaves 209 are turned off rapidly, and the polarization sub-state of the reed burg is maintained. The controllably modulated auxiliary light wave 211 is transmitted into the cigar radical 1 within the range of the reed-solomon polaron coherence time, the auxiliary light wave 211 being directed in the same direction as the probe light 206 is incident. The auxiliary light wave 211 is used for converting the Redberg polarons into light waves, so that the conversion from signal microwaves into light waves is realized. Meanwhile, the controllable microwave photon storage process is realized by utilizing the auxiliary light wave 211 with controllable input time. The optical wave signal collected by the photomultiplier 11 is recovered to an optical wave waveform through the lock-in amplifier 12, and the storage efficiency can be calculated by performing time integration on the optical wave waveform.
In conclusion, the method based on the Lidberg atomic six-wave mixing process combines with the ATS quantum storage technology to realize high-efficiency microwave optical wave coherent conversion, and the bandwidth can be widened to 8-9MHz, so that the channel capacity of microwave photon storage is greatly improved; the information can be transmitted through amplitude modulation and phase modulation, and the received minimum electric field strength and sensitivity are low to the nano-volt level, so that the storage close to the level of single microwave photons can be realized; compared with microwaves with transmission loss of 1dB/m, the method converts the information of microwave photons into light waves with transmission loss of 0.3dB/km, is more convenient for remote transmission of quantum information, and has wide application prospect and scientific research value.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing is characterized by comprising cigar type cold atomic groups, a microwave source, a signal modulator, a loudspeaker, an optical fiber coupling head, an optical fiber, a dichroic mirror, a photomultiplier and a phase-locked amplifier;
the microwave source generates two microwave signals with different frequencies and electric field intensities, wherein the microwave signals comprise auxiliary microwaves and signal microwaves which need to be stored; the signal modulator modulates the waveforms of the signal microwaves and the auxiliary microwaves through the multiplication circuit to generate modulated mixed microwaves; the horn emits a mixed microwave signal into a cigar type cold atomic group; the detection light and the coupling light are oppositely driven into a cigar type cold atomic group to excite the Redberg atoms, and signal microwaves are stored in the Redberg atoms under the action of auxiliary microwaves in the process of performing the controllable six-wave mixing of the Redberg type cold atomic group; by driving auxiliary light waves, the Redberg polarons can be converted into light waves to be read out, and the light waves and the auxiliary light waves are generated separately through a bicolor mirror; the read light wave is collected into an optical fiber through an optical fiber coupling head, the optical fiber is used for transmitting the read light wave signal and then transmitting the read light wave signal to a photomultiplier, the photomultiplier is used for receiving the read light wave signal, and a lock-in amplifier is used for recovering and generating the light wave from the modulated light wave signal.
2. The six-wave mixing based controllable broadband microwave photon storage according to claim 1, wherein the lock-in amplifier comprises a signal channel, a reference channel, a phase sensitive detector and a low-pass filter, the modulated light wave signal is ac amplified and interference noise eliminated through the signal channel, the reference channel outputs a frequency reference signal, the phase sensitive detector is used for multiplying the input signal and the reference signal, and finally the high-frequency signal is filtered through the low-pass filter, so that the waveform is recovered.
3. The six-wave mixing based controllable broadband microwave photon storage device according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber coupling head filters generated light in free space through an optical filter, and uses an aspheric lens to shrink the light beam and then enters the optical fiber.
4. The controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the light inlet end of the optical fiber faces one end of the polarization beam splitter, and the light outlet end of the optical fiber faces the photomultiplier.
5. The six-wave mixing-based controllable broadband microwave photon memory according to claim 1, wherein the cigar-type cold atomic group is a cold atomic group which is formed by trapping rubidium 87 atoms by utilizing a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology and has a shape similar to a cigar and with a large optical thickness, and the larger the optical thickness is, the higher the storage efficiency is.
6. A controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method based on six-wave mixing, which is applied to the controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 301, reversely pumping the detection light and the coupling light into cigar type cold atomic groups to excite the Redburg atoms;
step 302, transmitting modulated signal microwaves and auxiliary microwaves to be stored by a loudspeaker to form a cascade three-energy-level ATS storage system, and converting the signal microwaves into a Redberg polaron;
step 303, only the modulated auxiliary light wave is turned on, the Redberg polarons are converted into light wave signals, and data acquisition is completed through a photomultiplier.
7. The method for implementing controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing according to claim 6, wherein step 301 specifically comprises:
the detection light and the coupling light generated by the two tunable lasers are respectively introduced into the atomic groups from the two ends of the cigar type cold atomic group by utilizing the optical fibers, the detection light and the coupling light are overlapped in the cigar type cold atomic group, and an electromagnetic induction transparent window is formed under the combined action of the single photon resonance detection light and the two photon resonance detection light and the coupling light.
8. The method for implementing controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing according to claim 6, wherein step 302 specifically comprises:
the microwave source generates two microwave signals, the two microwave signals are modulated by the signal modulator and then become modulated signal microwaves which need to be stored and modulated auxiliary microwaves, the two microwave signals are transmitted to the loudspeaker through the power divider, the two microwave signals are transmitted along the coupling light input direction through the loudspeaker, the signal microwaves are resonantly coupled with the Redberg state, and at the moment, the absorption of the Redberg atoms to the microwaves occurs; the auxiliary microwaves dynamically regulate the absorption by generating a strong driving field, and under the dynamic control of the auxiliary microwaves, the signal microwaves are rapidly stored as the reed burg polarons and stored in the atomic ensemble.
9. The method for implementing controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing according to claim 6, wherein step 303 specifically comprises:
after the storage is completed, the detection light, the coupling light, the signal microwaves and the auxiliary microwaves are quickly turned off, the state of the Redberg polarons is kept, the controllable modulated auxiliary light waves are transmitted into cigar type atomic groups within the range of the coherence time of the Redberg polarons, the direction of the auxiliary light waves is the same as the incidence direction of the detection light, the auxiliary light waves are used for converting the Redberg polarons into light waves, so that the conversion from the signal microwaves to the light waves is realized, and meanwhile, the storage process of controllable microwave photons is realized by utilizing the auxiliary light waves with controllable input time.
10. The method for implementing controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six wave mixing according to claim 6, further comprising, after step 303:
and 304, recovering the light wave waveform by a phase-locked amplifier from the light wave signal acquired by the photomultiplier, and calculating the storage efficiency by performing time integration on the light wave waveform.
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| CN104880614A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-02 | 华南师范大学 | Microwave electric field intensity meter based on cold Rydberg atom interferometer and measuring method thereof |
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