CN114499689A - Controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing and implementation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing and an implementation method thereof, wherein the microwave photon memory comprises a cigar-shaped cold atomic group, a microwave source, a signal modulator, an optical fiber, a dichroic mirror, a photomultiplier and a phase-locked amplifier; the microwave source generates signal microwaves to be stored and auxiliary microwaves, and the signal microwaves and the auxiliary microwaves are modulated by the signal modulator and then input into the cigar-type cold atomic group; the cigar-type cold atomic group stores signal microwaves into an atomic ensemble and converts the signal microwaves into light waves under the action of modulated auxiliary light waves to be read; the photomultiplier is used for receiving the generated light wave; the lock-in amplifier recovers the waveform from the modulated lightwave signal. The invention utilizes the controllable six-wave mixing process of the rydberg atoms to quickly store signal microwaves into rydberg polarons, the signal microwaves are converted into light waves under the action of modulated auxiliary light waves and read, the wave shape of the light waves is finally recovered through a phase-locked amplifier, and the microwave photon storage of a controllable broadband is realized by changing the incident time of the auxiliary light waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum storage and relay, in particular to a controllable broadband microwave photonic memory based on six-wave mixing and an implementation method.
Background
With the continuous development of quantum information technology, the construction of quantum networks based on solid-state qubits is a current hot research topic. At present, a quantum storage technology based on cold atom ensemble is a quantum storage scheme of atomic ground state energy level, and is commonly used for coupling light wave bands, and the coupling between microwaves and the ground state energy level is weak, so that efficient microwave photon storage cannot be realized. The Reedberg cold atom ensemble is used as a high-efficiency quantum transducer from microwave to light wave, and the time-controllable coherent conversion of the information of the solid quantum bit is realized by introducing a microwave photon storage scheme.
The early ATS (Autler-Townes scattering) storage is realized based on a cold atom three-energy-level Autler-Townes effect, the coherent absorption of the ATS on weak signal light is dynamically controlled under the action of strong control light, and the signal light is stored in atoms through the controlled absorption of the light at the peak value of the ATS. After storing for a period of time, the stored signal light can be read out by turning on the strong control light again. An ATS storage scheme of an optical waveband is realized for the first time in a cold atomic system by Lindsay J.LeBlanc research group in Canada in 2018, and theoretically, the storage efficiency can reach 90% under the condition of large optical thickness radicals. The ATS storage scheme has the advantages of high bandwidth, weak control light intensity and moderate required optical thickness, and is suitable for microwave photon storage based on the Reedberg cold atom ensemble.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a controllable broadband microwave photonic memory based on six-wave mixing and an implementation method thereof, and the controllable broadband microwave photonic memory is simple in structure, high in sensitivity, large in storage bandwidth and strong in feasibility.
The invention solves the problems through the following technical means:
on one hand, the invention provides a controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing, which comprises a cigar-shaped cold atomic group, a microwave source, a signal modulator, a loudspeaker, an optical fiber coupling head, an optical fiber, a dichroic mirror, a photomultiplier and a phase-locked amplifier;
the microwave source generates two microwave signals with different frequencies and electric field intensities, wherein the two microwave signals comprise auxiliary microwaves and signal microwaves to be stored; the signal modulator modulates the waveforms of the signal microwave and the auxiliary microwave through a multiplication circuit to generate modulated mixed microwave; the horn emits the mixed microwave signal into the cigar-type cold radicals; the detection light and the coupling light are oppositely injected into the cigar type cold atomic group to excite the Reidberg atoms, and the signal microwaves are stored in the Reidberg atoms under the action of auxiliary microwaves in the process of the Reidberg controllable six-wave frequency mixing of the cigar type cold atomic group; the auxiliary light wave is injected, so that the rydberg polarons can be converted into the light wave to be read out, and the light wave and the auxiliary light wave are generated through the dichroic mirror; the read light wave is collected into the optical fiber through the optical fiber coupling head, the optical fiber is used for transmitting the read light wave signal and then transmitting the light wave signal to the photomultiplier, the photomultiplier is used for receiving the read light wave signal, and the lock-in amplifier is used for recovering the generated light wave from the modulated light wave signal.
Furthermore, the phase-locked amplifier comprises a signal channel, a reference channel, a phase sensitive detector and a low-pass filter, the modulated light wave signal is subjected to alternating current amplification and interference noise elimination through the signal channel, the reference channel outputs a frequency reference signal, the phase sensitive detector is used for multiplying the input signal and the reference signal, and finally the low-pass filter filters out a high-frequency signal, so that the waveform is recovered.
Furthermore, the optical fiber coupling head filters the generated light in the free space through a filter, and then the generated light is shrunk by using an aspheric lens and enters the optical fiber.
Furthermore, the optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the light inlet end of the optical fiber faces one end of the polarization beam splitter, and the light outlet end of the optical fiber faces the photomultiplier.
Further, the cigar type cold atomic group is formed by trapping rubidium 87 atoms by using a two-dimensional magneto-optical trapping technology, has a large optical thickness, and is shaped like a cigar type cold atomic group, and the larger the optical thickness is, the higher the storage efficiency is.
On the other hand, the invention provides a controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method based on six-wave mixing, which comprises the following steps:
and step 303, only opening the modulated auxiliary light wave, converting the rydberg polarons into light wave signals, and completing data acquisition through the photomultiplier tube.
Further, step 301 specifically includes:
the detection light and the coupling light generated by the two tunable lasers enter the atomic group from two ends of the cigar-type cold atomic group respectively by using the optical fiber, the detection light and the coupling light are superposed inside the cigar-type cold atomic group, and an electromagnetic induction transparent window is formed under the combined action of the single photon and two-photon resonance detection light and the coupling light.
Further, step 302 specifically includes:
the microwave source generates two microwave signals, the two microwave signals are modulated by the signal modulator and then are changed into modulated signal microwaves needing to be stored and modulated auxiliary microwaves, the two microwave signals are transmitted to the loudspeaker through the power divider, the two microwave signals are transmitted along the coupling light input direction through the loudspeaker, the signal microwaves are in resonance coupling with the rydberg state, and at the moment, the absorption of rydberg atoms on the microwaves occurs; the auxiliary microwaves dynamically regulate the absorption by generating a strong driving field, and under the dynamic control of the auxiliary microwaves, the signal microwaves are rapidly stored as rydberg polarons and stored in the atomic ensemble.
Further, step 303 specifically includes:
after the storage is finished, the detection light, the coupling light, the signal microwave and the auxiliary microwave are quickly closed, the state of the rydberg polaron is kept, the controllable modulated auxiliary light wave is transmitted to the cigar-type atomic group within the coherence time range of the rydberg polaron, the direction of the auxiliary light wave is the same as the incident direction of the detection light, the auxiliary light wave has the function of converting the rydberg polaron into the light wave, the conversion from the signal microwave to the light wave is realized, and meanwhile, the storage process of the controllable microwave photon is realized by utilizing the auxiliary light wave with the controllable input time.
Further, after step 303, the method further includes:
and step 304, recovering the light wave waveform of the light wave signal collected by the photomultiplier through a phase-locked amplifier, and calculating the storage efficiency by performing time integration on the light wave waveform.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
1. the invention relates to a controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing and an implementation method thereof, which combine the Reedberg six-wave mixing technology and the ATS storage technology to realize high-efficiency microwave light wave coherent conversion, the bandwidth can be widened to 8-9MHz, and the channel capacity of microwave photon storage is greatly improved.
2. The controllable broadband microwave photon memory and the method based on six-wave mixing not only can transmit information through amplitude modulation but also through phase modulation, and the received minimum electric field strength and sensitivity are as low as nano-volt magnitude, so that the storage close to the level of single microwave photon can be realized.
3. Compared with the microwave with the transmission loss of 1dB/m, the controllable broadband microwave photon memory and the method based on six-wave mixing convert the information of the microwave photons into the light wave with the transmission loss of 0.3dB/km, and are more convenient for the long-distance transmission of quantum information.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a controllable broadband microwave photonic memory based on six-wave mixing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy level structure of a controllable broadband microwave photonic memory implementation process based on six-wave mixing according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method based on six-wave mixing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a controllable broadband microwave photonic memory based on six-wave mixing, which includes a cigar-type cold atomic group 1, a microwave source 2, a signal modulator 4, a loudspeaker 5, a dichroic mirror 8, an optical fiber coupling head 9, an optical fiber 10, a photomultiplier 11, and a lock-in amplifier 12.
The microwave source 2 is used for generating two microwave signals with different frequencies and electric field strengths, wherein the microwave signals comprise signal microwaves 208 and auxiliary microwaves 209 to be stored; the signal modulator 4 regulates the waveform of the microwave, and the horn 5 emits a mixed microwave signal 6 into the cigar-type cold radicals 1. The cigar-type cold atomic group 1 is used for generating a controllable six-wave mixing process of the rydberg, signal microwaves 208 are stored in the rydberg atoms under the action of auxiliary microwaves 209, and through pumping auxiliary light waves 211, rydberg polarons can be converted into light waves 7 to be read out; the lightwave 7 is separated by the dichroic mirror 8 to generate a lightwave 212 and an auxiliary lightwave 211. The read light wave is collected into the optical fiber 10 through the optical fiber coupling head 9 and then transmitted to the photomultiplier tube 11. The lock-in amplifier 12 is used to recover the generated lightwave 212 from the modulated lightwave signal 7.
When the storage is realized, the cigar-type cold atomic group 1 receives the modulated signal microwave 208 and the auxiliary microwave 209, in the process of the occurrence of the Reedberg ATS, the signal microwave 208 is rapidly stored in the Reedberg polaron, the Reedberg polaron can be converted into an optical wave to be read out by pumping the auxiliary optical wave 211 in the coherent time, the read optical wave signal is collected by an optical fiber and is transmitted to the photomultiplier tube 11, the photomultiplier tube 11 converts the detected modulated optical wave signal 10 into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the phase-locked amplifier 12 for demodulation, the phase-locked amplifier 12 recovers the generated microwave 212, and the controllable microwave photon storage is realized.
The microwave source 2 generates two microwave signals MW1 and MW2 with different frequencies and different electric field strengths, wherein MW1 is the signal microwave 208, and MW2 is the auxiliary microwave 209, and the waveforms of the two microwave signals are modulated by the signal modulator 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the left side is an energy level structure diagram of microwave photon storage of atoms in the cigar type cold radical 1. 201 (5S) using rubidium 87 atom as an example1/2F2, mF 2 is the ground state of rubidium atom, 202 (5P)3/2F ═ 3) is an intermediate excited state of rubidium atom, 203 (47S)1/2)、204(47P3/2) And 205 (48P)3/2) Three Reedberg states of rubidium atoms respectively; 206 is detection light with the wavelength of 780nm, and 207 is coupling light with the wavelength of 480 nm; 208 is in a state of Reidberg 47S1/2→47P3/2Intermediate transition resonance, signal microwave with frequency of 37.52000 GHz; 209 is a Reidberg state 47P3/2→48P3/2An auxiliary microwave having an intermediate transition resonance and a frequency of 37.83000 GHz. The right side is an energy level structure diagram for reading the light wave photons generated by the atoms in the cigar type cold atomic group 1. 210 (5P)1/2F2, mF 1) is an intermediate excited state of a rubidium atom, and 211 is auxiliary light having a wavelength of 475 nm. 212 is the generated 795nm optical wave photon.
When the probe light 206 and the coupling light 207 are incident oppositely to the cigar type cold radical 1, an electromagnetically induced transparent window is formed. At this point, a waveform modulated signal microwave 208 and an assist microwave 209 are added, the transition resonance between the signal microwave 208 and the rydberg states 203 and 204, and the transition resonance between the assist microwave 209 and the rydberg states 204 and 205. Therefore, a cascade type three-energy-level ATS storage configuration is formed among the signal microwave 208, the auxiliary microwave 209 and the Reedberg states 203, 204 and 205, and the signal microwave 208 is converted into a Reedberg polaron to be stored in the atomic ensemble under the action of the auxiliary microwave 209. In the coherent time range, the waveform-modulated auxiliary light wave 211 is incident to the cigar-type cold radical 1 along the incident direction of the probe light 206, and the rydberg polarons stored in the atomic ensemble are converted into the light wave signal 212 to be read out. The auxiliary light wave 211 has small detuning with the resonance transition of the rydberg state 205 and the intermediate excited state 210, three consecutive EIT processes are coupled with each other, so that the two-photon resonance condition in the EIT is changed, the position of the transparent window of the medium for the generated light wave 212 is changed, and the medium can be transparent to the generated light wave 212. Therefore, the amplitude and phase information of the signal microwave 208 can be converted into the optical wave 212 to be read out after being stored by the controllable six-wave mixing technology. The S, P and D represent atomic levels at which the orbital angular momentum quantum numbers are 0, 1, and 2, respectively.
The phase-locked amplifier 12 is mainly composed of a signal channel, a reference channel, a phase sensitive detector and a low-pass filter, the modulated light wave signal is subjected to alternating current amplification and interference noise elimination through the signal channel, the reference channel outputs a frequency reference signal, the phase sensitive detector is used for multiplying an input signal and the reference signal, and finally, a high-frequency signal is filtered through the low-pass filter, so that the waveform is recovered.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, based on the memory of the above embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for implementing controllable broadband microwave photon storage based on six-wave mixing, including the following steps:
The invention relates to a six-wave mixing-based controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method, which has the working principle that in a prepared cigar type cold atomic group 1, detection light 206 and coupling light 207 generated by two tunable lasers enter the atomic group from two ends of the cigar type cold atomic group 1 respectively through optical fibers, and the detection light 206 and the coupling light 207 are superposed inside the cigar type cold atomic group 1. Under the combined action of the single-photon and two-photon resonance detection light 206 and the coupling light 207, an electromagnetically induced transparent window is formed. The microwave source 2 generates two microwave signals which are modulated by the signal modulator 4 to become modulated signal microwaves 208 and modulated auxiliary microwaves 209. The two microwave signals are transmitted to the horn 5 through the power divider, and are transmitted along the coupling light input direction through the horn 5. Signal microwave 208 resonantly couples two states of the rubidium atom, at which time the absorption of the microwave by the rydberg atom occurs; the auxiliary microwaves 209 dynamically modulate the absorption by generating a strong driving field. Under the dynamic control of the auxiliary microwaves 209, the signal microwaves 208 are rapidly stored as rydberg polarons and stored in the atomic ensemble. After the storage is completed, the probe light 206, the coupling light 207, the signal microwave 208 and the auxiliary microwave 209 are quickly turned off, and the state of the rydberg polaron is maintained. The controllable modulated auxiliary light wave 211 is transmitted into the cigar-type radical 1 within the coherence time range of the riedberg polaron, the direction of the auxiliary light wave 211 being the same as the incident direction of the probe light 206. The auxiliary light wave 211 has the function of converting the riedberg polarons into light waves, so that the conversion from signal microwaves into light waves is realized. Meanwhile, the storage process of the controllable microwave photons is realized by using the auxiliary light wave 211 with controllable input time. The light wave signal collected by the photomultiplier tube 11 is passed through the phase-locked amplifier 12 to recover the light wave form, and the time integration is performed on the light wave form, so that the storage efficiency can be calculated.
In conclusion, the high-efficiency microwave light wave coherent conversion is realized based on the six-wave mixing process of the rydberg atoms and by combining the ATS quantum storage technology, the bandwidth can be widened to 8-9MHz, and the channel capacity of microwave photon storage is greatly improved; information can be transmitted by amplitude modulation or phase modulation, and the received minimum electric field strength and sensitivity are as low as nano-volt magnitude, so that storage close to single microwave photon level can be realized; compared with the microwave with the transmission loss of 1dB/m, the microwave photon information is converted into the light wave with the transmission loss of 0.3dB/km, thereby being more convenient for the long-distance transmission of quantum information and having wide application prospect and scientific research value.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A controllable broadband microwave photon memory based on six-wave mixing is characterized by comprising a cigar-shaped cold atomic group, a microwave source, a signal modulator, a loudspeaker, an optical fiber coupling head, an optical fiber, a dichroic mirror, a photomultiplier and a phase-locked amplifier;
the microwave source generates two microwave signals with different frequencies and electric field intensities, wherein the two microwave signals comprise auxiliary microwaves and signal microwaves to be stored; the signal modulator modulates the waveforms of the signal microwave and the auxiliary microwave through a multiplication circuit to generate modulated mixed microwave; the horn emits the mixed microwave signal into the cigar-type cold radicals; the detection light and the coupling light are oppositely injected into the cigar type cold atomic group to excite the Reidberg atoms, and the signal microwaves are stored in the Reidberg atoms under the action of auxiliary microwaves in the process of the Reidberg controllable six-wave frequency mixing of the cigar type cold atomic group; the auxiliary light wave is injected, so that the rydberg polarons can be converted into the light wave to be read out, and the light wave and the auxiliary light wave are generated through the dichroic mirror; the read light wave is collected into the optical fiber through the optical fiber coupling head, the optical fiber is used for transmitting the read light wave signal and then transmitting the light wave signal to the photomultiplier, the photomultiplier is used for receiving the read light wave signal, and the lock-in amplifier is used for recovering the generated light wave from the modulated light wave signal.
2. The six-wave mixing-based controllable broadband microwave photonic memory according to claim 1, wherein the lock-in amplifier comprises a signal channel, a reference channel, a phase sensitive detector and a low-pass filter, the modulated light wave signal is subjected to alternating current amplification and interference noise elimination through the signal channel, the reference channel outputs a frequency reference signal, the phase sensitive detector is used for multiplying an input signal and the reference signal, and finally a high-frequency signal is filtered through the low-pass filter, so that the waveform is recovered.
3. The controllable broadband microwave photonic memory based on six-wave mixing of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber coupling head filters the generated light in free space, and then the generated light is beam-reduced by using an aspheric lens and enters the optical fiber.
4. The controllable broadband microwave photonic memory based on six-wave mixing of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the light inlet end of the optical fiber faces one end of the polarization beam splitter, and the light outlet end of the optical fiber faces the photomultiplier.
5. The controllable broadband microwave photonic memory based on six-wave mixing of claim 1, wherein the cigar type cold radicals are cigar-like shaped cold radicals formed by trapping rubidium 87 atoms by using two-dimensional magneto-optical trapping technology, and the larger the optical thickness is, the higher the storage efficiency is.
6. A controllable broadband microwave photon storage implementation method based on six-wave mixing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 301, reversely injecting the detection light and the coupling light into the cigar-type cold atomic group to excite the rydberg atoms;
step 302, transmitting the modulated signal microwaves and auxiliary microwaves to be stored by a loudspeaker to form a cascade type three-level ATS storage system, and converting the signal microwaves into rydberg polarons;
and step 303, only opening the modulated auxiliary light wave, converting the rydberg polarons into light wave signals, and completing data acquisition through the photomultiplier tube.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein step 301 specifically includes:
the detection light and the coupling light generated by the two tunable lasers enter the atomic group from two ends of the cigar-type cold atomic group respectively by using the optical fiber, the detection light and the coupling light are superposed inside the cigar-type cold atomic group, and an electromagnetic induction transparent window is formed under the combined action of the single photon and two-photon resonance detection light and the coupling light.
8. The method for implementing six-wave mixing-based controllable broadband microwave photonic storage according to claim 6, wherein the step 302 specifically includes:
the microwave source generates two microwave signals, the two microwave signals are modulated by the signal modulator and then are changed into modulated signal microwaves needing to be stored and modulated auxiliary microwaves, the two microwave signals are transmitted to the loudspeaker through the power divider, the two microwave signals are transmitted along the coupling light input direction through the loudspeaker, the signal microwaves are in resonance coupling with the rydberg state, and at the moment, the absorption of rydberg atoms on the microwaves occurs; the auxiliary microwaves dynamically regulate the absorption by generating a strong driving field, and under the dynamic control of the auxiliary microwaves, the signal microwaves are rapidly stored as rydberg polarons and stored in the atomic ensemble.
9. The method for realizing six-wave mixing-based controllable broadband microwave photon storage according to claim 6, wherein the step 303 specifically comprises:
after the storage is finished, the detection light, the coupling light, the signal microwave and the auxiliary microwave are quickly closed, the state of the rydberg polaron is kept, the controllable modulated auxiliary light wave is transmitted to the cigar-type atomic group within the coherence time range of the rydberg polaron, the direction of the auxiliary light wave is the same as the incident direction of the detection light, the auxiliary light wave has the function of converting the rydberg polaron into the light wave, the conversion from the signal microwave to the light wave is realized, and meanwhile, the storage process of the controllable microwave photon is realized by utilizing the auxiliary light wave with the controllable input time.
10. The method for implementing six-wave mixing-based controllable broadband microwave photonic storage according to claim 6, further comprising, after step 303:
and step 304, recovering the light wave waveform of the light wave signal collected by the photomultiplier through a phase-locked amplifier, and calculating the storage efficiency by performing time integration on the light wave waveform.
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| CN104880614A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-02 | 华南师范大学 | Microwave electric field intensity meter based on cold Rydberg atom interferometer and measuring method thereof |
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