CN114486899B - Identification method of natural irradiation diamond and laboratory artificial irradiation treatment diamond - Google Patents
Identification method of natural irradiation diamond and laboratory artificial irradiation treatment diamond Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002073 fluorescence micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000803 paradoxical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZZIZZTHXZRDOFM-XFULWGLBSA-N tamsulosin hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN[C@H](C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 ZZIZZTHXZRDOFM-XFULWGLBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/87—Investigating jewels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
- G01N2201/061—Sources
- G01N2201/06113—Coherent sources; lasers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/10—Scanning
- G01N2201/102—Video camera
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying natural irradiation diamond and laboratory artificial irradiation treatment diamond, which comprises the following steps: constructing a test optical platform, preparing a sample and testing the sample; drawing a surface scanning spectrum pattern or a volume scanning spectrum pattern; judging the spectrum graph, if smaller irradiation spots with obvious multi-point gradual change appear in the 2D spectrum graph, judging the natural irradiation diamond, and if larger irradiation spots with uniform spots and overall directivity appear, judging the laboratory artificial irradiation diamond; if the depth direction shows irregular stripe gradual change in the 3D spectrum graph, judging that the diamond is naturally irradiated; and judging that the laboratory artificially irradiates the diamond if the irradiation spots obviously and uniformly gradually change appear on one side in the depth direction. The invention can effectively distinguish natural irradiated diamond from laboratory artificial irradiation, and provides scientific reference basis for identifying the color cause of irradiated diamond.
Description
[ Technical field ]
The invention relates to gemstone identification, in particular to a method for identifying natural irradiated diamonds and laboratory artificial irradiation treated diamonds.
[ Background Art ]
Laboratory artificial irradiation sources such as electron beams are commonly used in the market to irradiate diamond with unattractive colors, so that the diamond is colorless and vivid blue, green, pink and other colors. The price of the irradiated diamond is greatly different from that of the natural non-irradiated diamond, so that the identification of the color cause of the diamond has important guiding significance for diamond commerce and government supervision. However, the identification of the color cause of diamond is a difficult problem of diamond identification, and laboratories mainly rely on manual visual inspection and spectroscopic qualitative analysis, so that a large number of samples still cannot be identified at present due to the similarity of the two causes, and the development of the diamond market is affected.
Because laboratory artificial irradiation is in close principle to natural irradiation of diamond, irradiation spots are generated on the surface of diamond and cause internal crystal lattice vacancies, making it difficult to distinguish between them by simple spectral line measurement. Meanwhile, after the later cutting and polishing processes, the information content on the surface of the diamond is greatly reduced. Typically, the irradiated spots of the finished diamond are not visible to the naked eye and under a conventional microscope. The color cause identification of the artificial natural irradiation in the laboratory and the artificial irradiation diamond in the laboratory is provided with a great challenge. Currently, the identification methods mainly include the following three methods:
1. oil immersion observation method
Early-stage artificial irradiation diamond exhibits a color concentrated distribution phenomenon different from that of natural diamond color bands, and the pavilion/base tip color bands of the artificial irradiation diamond are characterized by umbrella-shaped/color concentrated distribution, as shown in fig. 1, and can be observed by immersing the diamond in transparent oil such as baby oil, so as to distinguish the artificial irradiation diamond from the natural irradiation diamond in the laboratory. However, with the improvement of laboratory artificial irradiation technology, most of laboratory artificial irradiation diamonds appearing in the market after 2016 have no umbrella-shaped/color concentrated distribution characteristics, and cannot be identified by an immersion oil observation method.
2. Spurious response of the precious stone's characteristics
Currently, the change in the internal colour centre of the diamond after irradiation is confirmed by irradiation experiments (Khomich et al., 2019). The gemstone detecting laboratory is mainly used for qualitatively analyzing the existence of color centers such as H3, GR1, NV and the like, relative intensity and the like through the characteristics of infrared spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum and fluorescence spectrum, so as to preliminarily judge the color cause of the color centers, and if the color represented by the diamond is inconsistent with the color corresponding to the characteristic color center, the possibility that the color cause belongs to the manual irradiation of the laboratory is high (Song Zhonghua and the like, 2016; huang et al, 2018, zhang Nannan and the like, 2019). However, many diamonds of type IIa are not colored or are very light in color and cannot be identified by the methods described above.
3. Fluorescent light-emitting imaging method
If the above 1,2 methods are still not judged, the fluorescence image characteristics can be observed under the condition of Diamond View/DDO, as shown in FIG. 2, the blue synthetic Diamond in FIG. 2 shows bright orange color on the edge line after laboratory irradiation treatment (Eaton-2020), But there is no obvious phenomenon of diamond (Huang et al, 2018), this type of method can only be used as a discrimination aid for laboratory/natural irradiation diamond color cause, and there is no evidence of discrimination.
Therefore, the existing method for distinguishing laboratory artificial/natural irradiation diamonds depends on observation experience, and with the improvement of irradiation technology, most of the irradiation-treated diamonds in the current market cannot observe the phenomenon of color lump concentration; the paradoxical method of the gem features has a certain scientificity compared with the paradoxical method of the gem features, is the most commonly used qualitative identification method at present, is difficult to quantify, and cannot intuitively display the irradiation features.
[ Summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a method for identifying natural irradiated diamonds and laboratory artificial irradiated diamonds.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the identification method of natural diamond and artificial treated diamond comprises the following steps:
101 Setting up a test optical platform, adjusting a light path and setting test parameters;
102 Preparing a sample;
103 Test sample): testing a sample by using the built test optical platform, and recording the spectrum peak height of the characteristic color center (GR 1) of each test point;
104 Drawing a surface scanning spectrum pattern or a volume scanning spectrum pattern;
105 Judging the surface scanning spectrum pattern or the volume scanning spectrum pattern, if smaller irradiation spots with obvious multi-point gradual change appear in the 2D spectrum pattern formed by surface scanning, judging the natural irradiation diamond, and if larger irradiation spots with uniform spots appear, judging the laboratory artificial irradiation diamond; if the depth direction presents an irregular stripe gradual change phenomenon in a 3D spectrum graph formed by body scanning, judging that the diamond is naturally irradiated; or judging that the diamond is artificially irradiated in a laboratory if the phenomenon of obviously uniform gradual change appears on one side in the depth direction or the phenomenon of obvious layering appears in the depth direction.
The above-mentioned identification method, the test optical platform in step 101 includes a laser, a beam expander, a reflector, a filter, a lens, a slit, a grating prism assembly, an EMCCD detector, a microscope, and an automated moving platform; the laser emitted by the laser reaches the beam expander, the beam expander expands the beam, and the expanded laser is transmitted to the optical filter through the first reflector; the laser from the filter is transmitted to the microscope by a plurality of second reflectors and then transmitted to the sample through a microscope light path; the single-point and surface/body scanning test of the sample is realized through the automatic moving platform, after the laser irradiates the sample, single-point and surface/body scanning signal data are returned to the optical filter along a microscope optical path, and then are transmitted to the EMCCD detector through the lens and the slit and the grating prism assembly, and the single-point and surface/body scanning signal data are collected by the EMCCD detector and transmitted to the computer end for analysis.
The above-mentioned identification method, adjusting the optical path includes overlapping the focus observed in the microscope with the focal point of the laser optical path, setting the test parameters includes setting the energy of the laser, and setting the wavelength range through the integrated control of the laser, the optical filter, the lens, the slit, the grating and the prism assembly.
In the identification method, the energy of the laser is 25mW to 35mW, and the test range is 600nm-800nm.
In the above-mentioned identification method, preparing the sample in step 102 includes cutting, grinding and polishing the sample, and placing the sample in a refrigeration temperature control stage; the temperature in the refrigeration temperature control object stage is stabilized below-150 ℃; the refrigeration control by temperature change objective table is placed on automatic moving platform, and diamond sample in the refrigeration control by temperature change objective table is located the microscope under.
In step 103, finding out the color center reflecting the irradiation characteristic in the scanning matrix, recording the spectrum peak height value of the characteristic color center of each test point of the sample, wherein the test area is rectangular, and the test area frames the sample; setting a scanning step length, and performing lattice testing on the surface scanning according to an arcuate testing route; for volume scanning, the scanning depth is adjusted in addition to the operation according to the surface scanning, and the test is performed layer by layer according to the operation of the surface scanning.
In the above-mentioned identification method, in step 104, the spectral peak height value in the sample test area is normalized, and the gray scale is used to represent the degree of peak height, where the dark gray represents high peak value and the light gray represents low peak value; carrying out normalization processing on the data of the surface scanning to obtain a 2D spectrum graph; and carrying out normalization processing on the volume scanning data, traversing the depth direction one by one to obtain a plurality of layers of 2D graphics, and superposing the plurality of layers of 2D spectrum graphics through software to form a 3D spectrum graphic.
The invention can effectively judge the color cause of the diamond, effectively distinguish natural irradiation from laboratory artificial irradiation diamond, and provide a scientific reference basis for the identification of the color cause of the diamond.
[ Description of the drawings ]
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a graph of slight enrichment of color of the base tip of a prior art laboratory artificial irradiation treated diamond (picture source Paul Johnson et al 2016).
FIG. 2 is a graph of the fluorescence image characteristics of a prior art synthetic diamond after irradiation treatment (image source Eaton-,2020)。
FIG. 3 is a 2D image of a diamond shot patch according to an embodiment of the present invention (where a is the natural shot patch image in diamond, b and c are laboratory manual shot patch images in diamond).
FIG. 4 is a 3D image of a diamond irradiation spot according to an embodiment of the present invention (where a is the natural irradiation spot image in diamond, b and c are laboratory manual irradiation spot images in diamond).
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sample test according to an embodiment of the present invention (where a is a single point spectral line test: testing only one point in the sample, b is a 2D scan test: lattice testing one face in the sample, and c is a 3D scan test: lattice testing multiple faces in the sample).
FIG. 6 is a graph of the peak position and intensity of the GR1 color center of a sample according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a test optical platform architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The identification method of natural diamond and artificial processing diamond in the embodiment of the invention forms a lattice through spectrum and draws an image to distinguish laboratory artificial irradiation diamond and natural irradiation diamond, and the identification method comprises the following testing steps:
1. Setting up a test environment, adopting a Thermo Fisher 532nm laser and a Thermo Fisher expansion grating, and configuring an EMCCD detector and an Olympus optical microscopic system: the lens 10X has a numerical aperture of 0.25, an optical platform is built, a light path is adjusted, and scanning test of a sample is realized through an automatic moving platform;
The architecture of the test optical platform is shown in fig. 7, and the laser 1, the beam expander 2, the reflector 3, the optical filter 4, the lens 5, the slit 6, the grating prism assembly 7, the EMCCD detector 8, the microscope 9 and the automated mobile platform 10; pure laser light emitted by a laser 1 (532 nm) in fig. 7 reaches the beam expander, the beam expander 2 expands the beam, the reflector 3 transmits the laser light to the optical filter 4, the 3 other reflectors transmit the laser light to the microscope, the microscope light path transmits the laser light to the sample 11, the automatic moving platform 10 realizes single-point and surface/body scanning test of the sample, the laser light irradiates the sample and then transmits single-point and surface/body scanning signal data to the optical filter 4, the lens 5 and the slit 6 along the microscope, the grating and prism assembly 7 transmits specific optical signals to the EMCCD detector 8, and the data are collected by the EMCCD detector 8 and transmitted to a computer end for analysis.
2. Preparing a sample, cutting, grinding and polishing the diamond sample, and placing the diamond sample in a Linkman objective table; linkman is refrigeration temperature control equipment, and the temperature can be controlled to be between-197 ℃ and 200 ℃ under the condition of no water cooling circulation system; the temperature is controlled below-150 ℃, and the GR1 zero phonon line can be more obvious by accurately controlling the temperature. The refrigeration control by temperature change objective table is placed on automatic moving platform, and diamond sample 11 in the refrigeration control by temperature change objective table is located the microscope under.
3. Setting a test parameter, setting the laser energy to be 30mW, and setting a test range to be 600-800 nm due to the position of a test peak (GR 1); the optical path is adjusted so that the focus observed in the microscope coincides with the position of the focal point of the laser optical path.
4. The test sample is tested, the test area is square/rectangular, the size of the test area is framed according to an actual sample, the scanning step length is set according to the test requirement of the actual sample, and for 2D surface scanning (X-Y direction), dot matrix test is carried out according to an arcuate test route until the test is finished; for 3D volume scanning (X-Y-Z direction), the depth of scan needs to be set (i.e. the Z direction setting is not exceeded by the optical limit of depth) in addition to operating in the X-Y direction in 2D surface scanning, after which the test is performed layer by layer in accordance with the operation of the surface scanning, as shown in fig. 5.
5. The color center GR1 which reflects the irradiation characteristic is found, and the characteristic color center spectrum peak height of each test point of the test sample is recorded, as shown in figure 6.
6. Drawing a surface scanning spectrum graph, carrying out normalization processing on peak height values in a sample test area, adopting dark gray-light gray to represent the degree of the peak height, wherein dark gray spots represent the peak height, light gray represents the peak low, adopting OMNIC 2xi software of a Siemens femto company to draw a 2D graph, and adopting OMNIC 2xi software to draw the 2D graph through the changes of the peak height, the peak area and the peak proportion, wherein the drawn 2D graph is shown in figure 3. In fig. 3, where a is the natural radiation spot image in diamond, b and c are laboratory manual radiation spot images in diamond.
7. Drawing a body scanning spectrum graph, carrying out normalization treatment on peak height values in a sample test area, and adopting dark gray-light gray to represent the degree of the peak height, wherein dark gray represents the peak height, light gray represents the peak low, and traversing the depth direction (Z direction) one by one; and 3D graphics are synthesized by adopting imageJ (the software can obtain 3D graphics through 2D graphics superposition), or Matlab draws 3D graphics (the software can draw 3D graphics through the intensity of data points of different layers and the like), namely, the graphics in the Z direction are superposed to form the 3D graphics, as shown in fig. 4. In fig. 4, a is an image of natural radiation spots in diamond, b and c are images of laboratory artificial radiation spots in diamond.
8. And (3) identifying the artificial irradiated diamond and the natural irradiated diamond in the laboratory according to the 2D pattern obtained in the step (6) and/or the 3D pattern obtained in the step (7). In the 2D graph, the irradiation spots which are relatively small and have obvious multi-point gradual changes are natural irradiation diamond, and the irradiation spots which are large and have uniform spots are laboratory artificial irradiation diamond. In general, the spot size is less than 1/4 of the area of the sample mesa, and it is determined that the spot is relatively small; the spot size was determined to be relatively large by taking more than 1/2 of the sample mesa area. In the 3D graph, the depth direction presents an irregularly banded gradual change irradiation spot, and then the natural irradiation diamond is judged; or judging that the diamond is artificially irradiated in a laboratory if the irradiation spots obviously and uniformly gradually change appear on one side in the depth direction or the irradiation spots obviously and gradually change in the depth direction. .
For naturally irradiated diamond, the irradiation around its environment is relatively random, often exhibiting a punctiform uneven distribution. And the irradiation source of the manual irradiation in the laboratory is relatively fixed, and the irradiation spots are relatively large and uniform. The invention was not studied for heat treated diamond after irradiation, and this method could not be used for diamond with insignificant GR1 peak.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the spectrum imaging technology is utilized to measure the color center (GR 1) related to irradiation in the diamond, the dot matrix is formed in the 2D space and the 3D space, the dot matrix image is drawn through the characteristic analysis of the dot matrix, so that the color cause of the diamond can be effectively judged, the artificial irradiation of a laboratory is effectively distinguished from the natural irradiation of the diamond, a scientific reference basis is provided for the identification of the color cause of the diamond, and the method has important practical significance for exciting the market vitality of the color diamond and improving the circulation supervision capability of the color diamond.
The above noun interpretation:
laboratory artificial irradiation of diamond: through laboratory environment, the method adopts high-energy rays such as electron beams to irradiate the surface of the diamond, and changes the original color of the diamond.
Natural irradiation of diamond: in nature, the phenomenon of changing the color of diamond due to radioactive minerals or the environment.
GR1 color center: the diamond sample was characterized by the presence of characteristic peak positions at 740-742nm in the absorption/emission spectrum.
Claims (3)
1. The identification method of natural irradiation diamond and laboratory artificial irradiation treatment diamond is characterized by comprising the following steps:
101 Building a test optical platform, adjusting a light path and setting test parameters: the test optical platform comprises a laser, a beam expander, a reflector, an optical filter, a lens, a slit, a grating prism assembly, an EMCCD detector, a microscope and an automatic moving platform; the laser emitted by the laser reaches the beam expander, the beam expander expands the beam, and the expanded laser is transmitted to the optical filter through the first reflector; the laser from the filter is transmitted to the microscope by a plurality of second reflectors and then transmitted to the sample through a microscope light path; the single-point and surface/body scanning test of the sample is realized through an automatic moving platform, after laser irradiates the sample, single-point and surface/body scanning signal data are returned to the optical filter along a microscope optical path, and then are transmitted to an EMCCD detector through a lens and a slit, and the single-point and surface/body scanning signal data are collected by the EMCCD detector and transmitted to a computer end for analysis; adjusting the light path comprises enabling a focus observed in the microscope to coincide with a focus point of the laser light path, setting the test parameters comprises setting energy of a laser, and setting a wavelength range through integrated control of the laser, the optical filter, the lens, the slit, the grating and the prism assembly; the energy of the laser is 25mW to 35mW, and the test range is 600nm to 800nm;
102 Preparing a sample;
103 Test sample): testing a sample by using the built test optical platform, and recording the spectrum peak height of the characteristic color center GR1 of each test point;
104 Drawing a surface scan spectrum pattern or a volume scan spectrum pattern: carrying out normalization processing on the spectrum peak height value in the sample test area, and adopting gray scale to represent the degree of the peak height, wherein dark gray represents high peak value and light gray represents low peak value; carrying out normalization processing on the data of the surface scanning to obtain a 2D spectrum graph; carrying out normalization processing on the volume scanning data, traversing the depth direction one by one to obtain a plurality of layers of 2D graphics, and superposing the plurality of layers of 2D spectrum graphics through software to form a 3D spectrum graphic;
105 Judging the surface scanning spectrum pattern or the volume scanning spectrum pattern, if smaller irradiation spots with obvious multi-point gradual change appear in the 2D spectrum pattern formed by surface scanning, judging the natural irradiation diamond, and if larger irradiation spots with uniform spots appear, judging the laboratory artificial irradiation diamond; the area occupied by the spot size is less than 1/4 of the area of the sample table surface, and the spot is judged to be relatively small; the size of the spots is more than 1/2 of the area of the surface of the sample table, and the spots are judged to be relatively large; if the depth direction presents an irregular stripe gradual change phenomenon in a 3D spectrum graph formed by body scanning, judging that the diamond is naturally irradiated; or judging that the artificial irradiation diamond is in a laboratory if the depth direction shows a obviously uniform gradual change phenomenon on one side or a obviously layering phenomenon in the depth direction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing the sample in step 102 comprises cutting, grinding, polishing the sample, and placing the sample in a refrigeration temperature control stage; the temperature in the refrigeration temperature control object stage is stabilized below-150 ℃; the refrigeration control by temperature change objective table is placed on automatic moving platform, and diamond sample in the refrigeration control by temperature change objective table is located the microscope under.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 103, color centers representing irradiation characteristics are found in a scanning matrix, spectral peak height values of characteristic color centers of each test point of the sample are recorded, a test area is rectangular, and the test area frames the sample; setting a scanning step length, and performing lattice testing on the surface scanning according to an arcuate testing route; for the volume scan, the scan depth is adjusted in addition to the operation according to the face scan, and the test is performed according to the operation of the face scan layer-by-layer scan.
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WO2003023382A1 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-20 | Gersan Establishment | Examining a diamond |
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CN108709877A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-10-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of diamond detection method and detection device |
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