CN114485271B - Impact-resistant structure and impact-resistant equipment - Google Patents
Impact-resistant structure and impact-resistant equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114485271B CN114485271B CN202210099698.1A CN202210099698A CN114485271B CN 114485271 B CN114485271 B CN 114485271B CN 202210099698 A CN202210099698 A CN 202210099698A CN 114485271 B CN114485271 B CN 114485271B
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- impact
- resistant structure
- porosity
- resistant
- distribution function
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
- F41H1/04—Protection helmets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
- A43B13/026—Composites, e.g. carbon fibre or aramid fibre; the sole, one or more sole layers or sole part being made of a composite
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/187—Resiliency achieved by the features of the material, e.g. foam, non liquid materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
- F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
Abstract
The invention provides an impact-resistant structure and impact-resistant equipment, wherein the porosity of the impact-resistant structure is gradually increased inwards along the outer surface; the impact resistant structure has a porosity-location distribution function gradient at an intermediate location that is greater than a porosity-location distribution function gradient at a beginning and ending location in an inward direction along the outer surface. The application shock resistance structure, the outer porosity that has lower and higher elastic modulus, can bear bigger stress, the inlayer has higher porosity, can have bigger deformation space, can bear bigger strain, is favorable to the effect of inlayer buffering, guarantees the bulk strength of the protective equipment that shocks resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of impact-resistant structures, and particularly relates to an impact-resistant structure and impact-resistant equipment which are used in the field of design of buffer structures such as safety helmets, body armor, soles of sports shoes and the like.
Background
In daily production and actual engineering application, impact damage causes great loss to the life and property safety of people. In the fields of aerospace, railway traffic, sports, and the like, impact loads acting on an organism are important factors for human body injuries. With the development of people on daily living requirements and the technical field of engineering, the requirement of a machine body on the capability of bearing high load is higher and higher, so that the requirement of high-strength and impact-resistant human body equipment faces a rapidly increasing trend.
The impact-resistant structure in the prior art usually utilizes the characteristic of the equipment configuration itself for absorbing energy to realize the buffer effect. For example, chinese patent document CN107328302A discloses an energy-absorbing and cushioning lining for a bulletproof helmet, which comprises a plurality of open-pore ceramic layers, a foam metal layer and an elastic aerogel layer; the foamed aluminum is combined with the ceramic with the multilayer structure and applied to the bulletproof helmet body, so that the impact force is absorbed when the bulletproof helmet body is impacted by bullets. In addition, chinese patent document CN110145967A discloses a hollow liner for a bulletproof helmet, which includes a triangular structure composed of a cross-shaped framework, a rigid ring and reinforcing ribs; the design mode of the triangular reinforcing rib and the main body part with the hollow structure form a triangular stable structure, and the deformation resistance of the helmet is further enhanced.
The impact resistance equipment designed aiming at the equipment configuration has the effect of optimizing the impact resistance. However, the existing impact-resistant structure often has the problems of low material utilization rate and small deformation space, which needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
What this application was solved is that the material utilization rate that shock-resistant structure among the prior art exists is not high, the little problem in deformation space, and then provides a material utilization rate height, can promote the deformation space, and wholly improve protective equipment and bear the ability of compression load, improve the anti-impact structure and the anti-impact equipment of performance such as anti puncture of surface, wear-resisting.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an impact-resistant structure having a porosity that gradually increases inwardly along an outer surface; the impact resistant structure has a porosity-location distribution function gradient at an intermediate location that is greater than a porosity-location distribution function gradient at a beginning and ending location in an inward direction along the outer surface.
The porosity of the impact resistant structure ranges from 18 to 70%.
The impact-resistant structure comprises a compact area and a porous area which are sequentially arranged along the inner direction of the outer surface, wherein the porosity of the compact area is less than or equal to 30%; the porosity of the porous region is greater than 30%; the ratio of the thickness of the densified layer to the overall thickness of the impact-resistant structure is 30-40%.
The position distribution function of the porosity Pw (Z) of the impact-resistant structure is as follows:
where Z is a normalized depth coordinate, Z =0 indicates a position at the exterior surface of the impact resistant structure, and Z =1 indicates a position at the interior surface of the impact resistant structure.
The impact resistant structure is provided as a single layer or as multiple layers.
The position distribution function of the elastic modulus of the impact-resistant structure is as follows:
where Z is a normalized depth coordinate, Z =0 indicates a position at the exterior surface of the impact resistant structure, and Z =1 indicates a position at the interior surface of the impact resistant structure.
The impact-resistant structure is made of a high-performance fiber reinforced composite material.
And the anti-impact equipment is provided with the anti-impact structure.
The anti-impact equipment is any one of helmets, body armor and soles of sports shoes.
The application structure and the equipment that shocks resistance of shocking resistance's advantage lie in:
the impact-resistant structure has the porosity which gradually increases inwards along the outer surface; in the inward direction along the outer surface, the gradient of the porosity-position distribution function of the impact-resistant structure at the middle position is greater than the gradient of the porosity-position distribution function at the initial and final positions, the function gradient of the middle part is greater, and the function gradients of the two end parts are smaller, so that the porosity distribution function of the impact-resistant structure is approximately S-shaped. The porosity setting mode with the approximate S-shaped distribution can enable the outer layer of the anti-impact structure to have lower porosity and higher elastic modulus and bear larger stress, the inner layer of the walnut shell has higher porosity and larger deformation space and can bear larger strain, the buffering effect of the inner layer is facilitated, the integral strength of the anti-impact protection equipment is ensured, and the porous design of the inner layer is favorable for reducing the weight of anti-impact equipment. Moreover, the inventor of the application discovers through research that the porosity of the impact-resistant structure is approximately in an S-shaped gradient distribution, the inner layer stress of the impact-resistant structure is small, the high tensile stress area is distributed in the outer layer contact area of the shell, the original high tensile stress on the inner surface is transferred to the outer surface through the distribution, the high tensile stress is resolved by utilizing the structural characteristic that the outer surface can bear larger stress, the impact resistance of the structure is improved on the whole, and the utilization rate of materials is further improved.
The impact-resistant structure can be applied to impact-resistant protective equipment with different design configurations, such as helmets, body armor, soles of sports shoes and the like. The anti-impact equipment with the anti-impact structure is provided, and the porosity distribution of the anti-impact structure is designed to be increased in an S-shaped gradient manner by combining different protection region functions (the outer layer is a part which is easy to impact and has strong impact, and the inner layer is an area for absorbing collision energy) of the anti-impact equipment in practical application, so that the outer layer of the anti-impact equipment has lower porosity and higher elastic modulus, and the anti-puncture and wear-resistant performances of the outer surface are improved; the porosity of the inner layer of the anti-impact equipment is increased, the compression deformation capacity is improved, the effect of absorbing collision energy is achieved, different impact requirements are met from outside to inside, and the mechanical structural strength of the anti-impact equipment is integrally improved.
As a preferred embodiment, the impact resistant structure has a porosity in the range of 18 to 70%, the impact resistant structure comprising a densified region on the outer side and a porous region on the inner side, wherein the densified region has a porosity of less than or equal to 30%; the porosity of the porous region is greater than 30%; the ratio of the thickness of the densified region to the overall thickness of the impact-resistant structure is 30-40%. The advantage of this arrangement is that the dense layer ratio is positively correlated with the stiffness, strength of the material and negatively correlated with the plastic strain of the material. The larger the proportion of the dense layer, the larger the elastic modulus and yield strength of the material, but the weaker the ability of the material to withstand plastic strain. In order to meet different impact requirements from outside to inside, the proportion of the compact layer of 30-40% is in terms of performance compromise, and the overall mechanical strength of the material can be integrally improved.
The impact-resistant structure described herein is preferably made of a high-performance fiber-reinforced composite material, and as an alternative embodiment, the composite material specifically includes a composite material made of at least two of carbon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, and the like, so that the material has excellent properties of light weight, compression resistance, low-speed impact resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance, and the like.
In order to make the technical solutions of the impact-resistant structure and the impact-resistant apparatus more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of an impact resistant structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a function of a distribution of the porosity Pw (Z) of the impact-resistant device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an impact-resistant apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for a three-point bending experiment of a 3D printed test piece;
wherein the reference numerals are:
1-impact resistant structure; 2-a helmet; 3-a pressure head of the three-point bending experimental apparatus; 4-a supporting cylinder of the three-point bending experimental apparatus; 5-test piece.
Detailed Description
In the following embodiments, "outer" and "inner" in the design direction refer to the direction of the impact force, and the side of the impact-resistant structure facing the impact force in use, i.e., the side directly receiving the impact force, is the outer side, and the opposite side is the inner side.
The present embodiment provides an impact-resistant structure 1, and the impact-resistant structure 1 is made of a carbon fiber material. A schematic partial view of the impact-resistant structure 1 is shown in fig. 1. As a preferred embodiment, the impact-resistant structure 1 may be made of a high-performance fiber-reinforced composite material, and as an alternative embodiment, the composite material specifically includes a composite material made of at least two of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, glass fiber, and the like, so as to further improve the performance of the impact-resistant structure 1.
The porosity of the impact-resistant structure 1 gradually increases inwards along the outer surface; the gradient of the porosity-location distribution function of the impact-resistant structure 1 at the intermediate position is greater than the gradient of the porosity-location distribution function at the starting and ending positions, in a direction inwards along the outer surface. The porosity of the impact-resistant structure 1 in this embodiment ranges from 18 to 70%.
In the present embodiment, the impact-resistant structure 1 is a single-layer structure, and the position distribution function of the porosity Pw (Z) of the impact-resistant structure 1 is:
where Z is a normalized depth coordinate, Z =0 indicates a position on the outer side surface of the impact-resistant structure 1, Z =1 indicates a position on the inner side surface of the impact-resistant structure 1, and the position distribution function curve of Pw (Z) is approximately S-shaped, see fig. 2. As an alternative embodiment, the impact-resistant structure 1 may also be provided as a double-layer or at least three-layer structure, as long as the position distribution function of the porosity Pw (Z) of the impact-resistant structure as a whole conforms to the above function law.
And (4) carrying out geometrical structure reconstruction on the impact-resistant structure 1 to complete a finite element model. The finite element model was then simulated using Abaqus and the modulus of elasticity of each layer was calculated by simulating quasi-static compression. And fitting the elastic modulus of each layer with the position depth to obtain the change rule of the elastic modulus of the impact-resistant structure 1 in the thickness direction. The position distribution function of the modulus of elasticity of the impact-resistant structure 1 is:
where Z is a normalized position coordinate, Z =0 indicates a position at the outer side surface of the impact-resistant structure 1, and Z =1 indicates a position at the inner side surface of the impact-resistant structure 1.
The impact-resistant structure 1 can be divided into an outer dense region and an inner porous region, wherein the porosity of the dense region is less than or equal to 30%; the porosity of the porous zone is greater than 30% and the ratio of the thickness of the densified zone to the overall thickness of the impact-resistant structure has a value between 30 and 40%. The impact resistant structure has a porosity in the range of 18-70%.
As shown in fig. 3, the impact resisting apparatus provided with the impact resisting structure of the present embodiment is configured such that the impact resisting structure 1 is used for an outer layer of a helmet shell of a helmet 2, and the impact resisting structure 1 in the outer layer of the helmet shell has a thickness of 9.2mm and a density of 969.63kg/m 3 The elastic modulus S-shaped gradient distribution has the average value of 0.55Gpa and the Poisson ratio of 0.4.
Experimental comparative example
In order to prove the technical effects of the anti-impact structure and the anti-impact equipment in the application, an experiment is specially set to detect the performances of the anti-impact structure and the equipment in the application and the comparative example.
Three-point bending experiment of 3D printing test piece
The 3D printing test piece in the experiment is provided with three groups, the first group of test pieces adopt the anti-impact structure prepared by the embodiment of the application, the second group of test pieces adopt a structure with uniformly distributed elastic modulus, and the porosity of the second group of test pieces is 32%; the third group of test pieces adopt a structure with the elastic modulus in linear gradient distribution, and the porosity range is 18-70%. The dimensions of the three groups of test pieces are all 98.6 × 22.8 × 5 mm.
Three-point bending experiments are carried out on the three groups of test pieces by using a material mechanics testing machine, the three groups of test pieces are placed on a supporting cylinder 4 of an experimental apparatus, as shown in fig. 4, a pressure head 3 of the experimental apparatus applies pressure to the middle position of the test piece 5, a displacement loading control mode is adopted, the pressure head loading speed is 2mm/s, the upper surface of the test piece 5 bears compression, and the lower surface bears tension. And shooting the fracture process of the test piece by using a high-speed camera, and analyzing the stress states of the three groups of test pieces under the same external force action. The experimental results prove that the second group of test pieces and the third group of test pieces are all fractured, and the fracture moment starts from the lower surface right below the test pieces. While the shock-resistant structure cracks in this application start from the lower surface and the lower support contact position and extend obliquely upwards to the upper surface, obviously the cracks are distributed longer and the fracture requires higher energy.
Simplified spherical shell simulation experiment
The spherical shells in the experiment are also provided with three groups, the first group of spherical shells adopt the anti-impact structure prepared by the embodiment of the application, and the second group of spherical shells adopt a structure with uniformly distributed elastic modulus; the third group of spherical shells adopt a structure with the elastic modulus in linear gradient distribution. The diameters of the three groups of spherical shells are all 20mm, and the thickness of the spherical shell layer is 1mm.
And (4) performing simulation by using software Abaqus, and analyzing the stress states of the three groups of spherical shells under the same external force action. The results show that the inner layer of the spherical shell made by the impact-resistant structure in the application has smaller stress, and the high-tensile stress area is distributed in the contact area of the outer layer of the shell. This distribution transfers the high tensile stresses that were originally on the inner surface to the outer surface, with the inner layer in a low stress state and shell damage starting from the outer layer. And for the second and third groups of spherical shells, the damage to the shell is initiated from the inner surface first. This is consistent with the results of the above three-point bending experiment of the 3D printed test piece.
Helmet contrast experiment
The structure of the outer layer of a conventional helmet for comparison is the same as that of the helmet in the embodiment of the present application, but the material adopts a linear elastic structure, and the elastic modulus is 0.55GPa.
The software Abaqus is used for simulation, when the forehead of the helmet collides with a flat anvil at the speed of 6.2m/s, the surface Mussi stress of the head wearing the helmet is obviously smaller than that of a normal helmet. The highest miers stress in the comparative helmet model was about 1.6 times that of the improved model. This proves that the impact-resistant equipment using the impact-resistant structure in the present application has more excellent impact resistance.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An impact-resistant structure characterized in that the porosity of the impact-resistant structure increases gradually inward along the outer surface; a gradient of the porosity-location distribution function of the impact resistant structure at an intermediate location is greater than a gradient of the porosity-location distribution function at a beginning and ending location in an inward direction along the outer surface;
the position distribution function of the porosity Pw (Z) of the impact-resistant structure is as follows:
wherein Z is a normalized depth coordinate, Z =0 indicates a position at an outer side surface of the impact resistant structure, and Z =1 indicates a position at an inner side surface of the impact resistant structure;
the position distribution function of the elastic modulus of the impact-resistant structure is as follows:
where Z is a normalized depth coordinate, Z =0 indicates a position at the exterior surface of the impact resistant structure, and Z =1 indicates a position at the interior surface of the impact resistant structure.
2. The impact-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the porosity of the impact-resistant structure ranges from 18 to 70%.
3. The impact-resistant structure of claim 2, comprising densified and porous regions arranged in series along the outer surface in an inward direction, wherein the densified regions have a porosity of less than or equal to 30%; the porosity of the porous region is greater than 30%; the ratio of the thickness of the densified layer to the overall thickness of the impact-resistant structure is 30-40%.
4. The impact-resistant structure according to claim 3, characterized in that it is provided as a single layer or as multiple layers.
5. The impact-resistant structure according to claim 4, characterized in that it is made of a high-performance fiber-reinforced material.
6. An impact-resistant device provided with an impact-resistant structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The impact-resistant device of claim 6, wherein the impact-resistant device is any one of a helmet, a body armor, and a sports shoe sole.
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| CN202210099698.1A CN114485271B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Impact-resistant structure and impact-resistant equipment |
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| CN202210099698.1A CN114485271B (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Impact-resistant structure and impact-resistant equipment |
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| WO2010019612A2 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-18 | Greenhill Antiballistics Corporation | Densely packed particle structure |
| US20150237929A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2015-08-27 | Greenhill Antiballistics Corporation | Gradient nanoparticle-carbon allotrope polymer composite |
| CN103667849B (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2016-03-30 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | A kind of metal matrix ceramic composites and manufacture method thereof and application |
| WO2019195339A1 (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-10 | VICIS, Inc. | Protective helmet |
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| CN112710193A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-27 | 吉林大学 | Small-recess impact-resistant bionic bulletproof helmet |
| CN113158273A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-23 | 宁波大学 | Method for generating minimum curved surface continuous gradient porous structure with constant pore size |
| CN113619225A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Gradient bulletproof impact-resistant gradient material structure and preparation method thereof |
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