CN114481234A - Electroplating solution and electroplating process for surface of metal tool - Google Patents
Electroplating solution and electroplating process for surface of metal tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN114481234A CN114481234A CN202210161564.8A CN202210161564A CN114481234A CN 114481234 A CN114481234 A CN 114481234A CN 202210161564 A CN202210161564 A CN 202210161564A CN 114481234 A CN114481234 A CN 114481234A
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- electroplating
- metal tool
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/10—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium characterised by the organic bath constituents used
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electroplating solution and an electroplating process for the surface of a metal tool, and belongs to the technical field of metal material processing. The electroplating solution comprises the following components: 18-35 g/L of soluble trivalent chromium salt, 15-22 g/L of soluble zinc salt, 80-150 mL/L of complexing agent, 15-26 mL/L of buffering agent, 3-8 mL/L of brightening agent and the balance of deionized water; the complexing agent comprises, by mass, 1.2-10% of antimony potassium tartrate, 2-8% of dithioglycol, 25-35% of an amine derivative and the balance of deionized water; the brightening agent comprises, by mass, 1-2% of polyethylene glycol, 15-20% of sulfonate, 2-3% of benzalacetone and the balance of deionized water. The invention can effectively improve the surface performance of the metal tool, enhance the surface hardness and improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the metal tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to electroplating solution and an electroplating process for the surface of a metal tool.
Background
Electroplating is a process of plating a thin layer of other metals or alloys on the surface of some metals by using the principle of electrolysis, and is a process of attaching a layer of metal film on the surface of a metal or other material product by using the action of electrolysis so as to prevent the oxidation (such as corrosion) of the metal, improve the wear resistance, the conductivity, the light reflection property, the corrosion resistance, the beauty and the like.
The main plating layers used in the prior art comprise hexavalent chromium, copper-tin alloy, silver, gold and the like, but the sewage generated by the hexavalent chromium electroplating process is difficult to treat, the pollution to the environment is serious, and the plating layers are not environment-friendly; the copper-tin plating layer can only resist 80-100 ℃, and when the temperature is exceeded, the plating layer will turn black and blue, and the silver-white color cannot be maintained; the silver plating solution which is most commonly used in the silver plating process is the silver plating solution containing cyanide, and the cyanide is a highly toxic substance, so the silver plating solution containing cyanide can greatly harm the health of silver plating process workers; the gold plating process, while improving the conductive contact resistance and improving signal transmission, is costly.
Therefore, there is a need for an electroplating solution and an electroplating process that can be used to improve the surface properties, enhance the surface hardness, and improve the wear and corrosion resistance of metal tools.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides the electroplating solution and the electroplating process for the surface of the metal tool, which can effectively improve the surface performance of the metal tool, enhance the surface hardness and improve the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the metal tool.
The technical scheme is as follows: an electroplating solution for metal tool surfaces, comprising: 18-35 g/L of soluble trivalent chromium salt, 15-22 g/L of soluble zinc salt, 80-150 mL/L of complexing agent, 15-26 mL/L of buffering agent, 3-8 mL/L of brightening agent and the balance of deionized water; the complexing agent comprises, by mass, 1.2-10% of antimony potassium tartrate, 2-8% of dithioglycol, 25-35% of an amine derivative and the balance of deionized water; the brightening agent comprises, by mass, 1-2% of polyethylene glycol, 15-20% of sulfonate, 2-3% of benzalacetone and the balance of deionized water.
Preferably, the soluble trivalent chromium salt is any one of chromium chloride, chromium nitrate, basic chromium sulfate and chromium potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the soluble zinc salt is any one of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.
Preferably, the buffering agent is selected from one or more of triethanolamine, triethylamine, tromethamine, dimethylamine, N-methylethanolamine, tartaric acid and sodium citrate.
Preferably, the amine derivative is one or more selected from ethylenediamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, dopamine, caprolactam, isopropanolamine and dimethylamine.
Preferably, the sulfonate is one or more selected from sodium hydroxymethyl sulfonate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, sodium naphthyl sulfonate, potassium naphthyl sulfonate, sodium allyl sulfonate and potassium allyl sulfonate.
Preferably, the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol is 1000-2000.
An electroplating process for a metal tool surface comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing electroplating solution, dissolving soluble trivalent chromium salt and soluble zinc salt in a formula amount in deionized water, and then adding a complexing agent, a buffering agent and a brightening agent in a formula amount for mixing;
s2, preprocessing, namely sequentially carrying out degreasing, ultrasonic washing, chemical polishing and acid washing activation on a metal tool to be electroplated;
s3, electroplating, namely, taking graphite as an anode and a metal tool to be electroplated as a cathode, and electroplating by using the electroplating solution prepared in the step S1, wherein the electroplating temperature is 30-60 ℃, and the current density is 15-40 A.dm-2Electroplating for 5-10 min;
s4, post-processing, namely cleaning and drying the metal tool electroplated in the step S3 to obtain the metal tool with the plating thickness of 0.2-0.5 mu m.
Preferably, the pH of the plating solution in the step S1 is 5.2 to 7.5.
Preferably, in step S3, the rectified power with a ripple coefficient lower than 3% is used for electroplating.
Has the advantages that: the electroplating solution provided by the invention has stable property and long service cycle, and can be widely applied to the surfaces of metal tools with various matrixes.
The electroplating process has the advantages of simple operation, high electroplating speed, high current efficiency, no release of polluting gases and environmental and human friendliness; the metal coating prepared by the method is uniform and compact, and has the characteristics of high hardness and strong corrosion resistance.
The testing time of the metal tool obtained by the treatment of the invention for the occurrence of rust spots in a neutral salt spray experiment is 86-110 h; the surface is bright and flat, and the surface hardness reaches 1200-1800 HV.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The chemical reagents used below are all commercially available products, and the pretreatment process for electroplating is performed according to a general process.
Example 1
An electroplating solution for metal tool surfaces, comprising: 20g/L of chromium chloride, 15 g/L of zinc chloride, 150 mL/L of complexing agent, 16 mL/L of buffering agent, 3 mL/L of brightening agent and the balance of deionized water; the complexing agent comprises 3% of antimony potassium tartrate, 4% of dithioglycol, 20% of ethylenediamine and 10% of triethanolamine by mass fraction, and the balance of deionized water; the brightening agent comprises, by mass, 1% of polyethylene glycol, 10% of sodium hydroxymethyl sulfonate, 5% of sodium vinyl sulfonate, 2% of benzylidene acetone and the balance of deionized water.
Wherein the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol is 1000-2000.
An electroplating process for a metal tool surface comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing electroplating solution, dissolving soluble trivalent chromium salt and soluble zinc salt in a formula amount in deionized water, adding a complexing agent, a buffering agent and a brightening agent in a formula amount, mixing, and adjusting the pH value of the electroplating solution to 6.5;
s2, preprocessing, namely sequentially carrying out degreasing, ultrasonic washing, chemical polishing and acid washing activation on a metal tool to be electroplated;
s3, electroplating, namely, taking graphite as an anode and a metal tool to be electroplated as a cathode, adopting a rectification power supply with a ripple factor of 2.5%, and electroplating by using the electroplating solution prepared in the step S1, wherein the electroplating temperature is 30-60 ℃, and the current density is 15-40 A.dm-2Electroplating for 5-10 min;
s4, post-processing, namely cleaning and drying the metal tool electroplated in the step S3 to obtain the metal tool with the plating thickness of 0.2-0.5 mu m.
Example 2
An electroplating solution for metal tool surfaces, comprising: 35g/L of chromium nitrate, 22 g/L of zinc nitrate, 150 mL/L of complexing agent, 26 mL/L of buffering agent, 6 mL/L of brightening agent and the balance of deionized water; the complexing agent comprises 8% of antimony potassium tartrate, 8% of dithioglycol, 15% of dimethylethanolamine and 20% of caprolactam by mass fraction, and the balance of deionized water; the brightener comprises the components of 2% of polyethylene glycol, 10% of sodium naphthyl sulfonate, 10% of sodium allyl sulfonate, 2.5% of benzalacetone and the balance of deionized water by mass fraction.
Wherein the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol is 1000-2000.
An electroplating process for a metal tool surface comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing electroplating solution, dissolving soluble trivalent chromium salt and soluble zinc salt in a formula amount in deionized water, adding a complexing agent, a buffering agent and a brightening agent in a formula amount, mixing, and adjusting the pH value of the electroplating solution to 5.2;
s2, preprocessing, namely sequentially carrying out degreasing, ultrasonic washing, chemical polishing and acid washing activation on a metal tool to be electroplated;
s3, electroplating, namely, taking graphite as an anode and a metal tool to be electroplated as a cathode, adopting a rectification power supply with a ripple factor of 2.3%, and electroplating by using the electroplating solution prepared in the step S1, wherein the electroplating temperature is 30-60 ℃, and the current density is 15-40 A.dm-2Electroplating for 5-10 min;
s4, post-processing, namely cleaning and drying the metal tool electroplated in the step S3 to obtain the metal tool with the plating thickness of 0.2-0.5 mu m.
Example 3
An electroplating solution for metal tool surfaces, comprising: 25g/L of basic chromium sulfate, 15 g/L of zinc sulfate, 80 mL/L of complexing agent, 15 mL/L of buffering agent, 3 mL/L of brightening agent and the balance of deionized water; the complexing agent comprises, by mass, 1.2% of antimony potassium tartrate, 2% of dithioglycol, 5% of dopamine, 5% of isopropanolamine and 15% of caprolactam, and the balance of deionized water; the brightener comprises the components of 2% of polyethylene glycol, 10% of potassium naphthyl sulfonate, 5% of potassium allyl sulfonate, 2% of benzalacetone and the balance of deionized water by mass fraction.
Wherein the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol is 1000-2000.
An electroplating process for a metal tool surface comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing electroplating solution, dissolving soluble trivalent chromium salt and soluble zinc salt in a formula amount in deionized water, adding a complexing agent, a buffering agent and a brightening agent in a formula amount, mixing, and adjusting the pH value of the electroplating solution to 6.8;
s2, preprocessing, namely sequentially carrying out degreasing, ultrasonic washing, chemical polishing and acid washing activation on a metal tool to be electroplated;
s3, electroplating, namely taking graphite as an anode, taking a metal tool to be electroplated as a cathode, and adopting a rectification power supply with a ripple factor of 2.3 percent to perform electroplating through the electroplating solution prepared in the step S1, wherein the electroplating temperature is 30-60 ℃, and the current density is 15-40 A.dm-2Electroplating for 5-10 min;
s4, post-processing, namely cleaning and drying the metal tool electroplated in the step S3 to obtain the metal tool with the plating thickness of 0.2-0.5 mu m.
Example 4
An electroplating solution for metal tool surfaces, comprising: 18g/L of chromium potassium sulfate, 15 g/L of zinc sulfate, 100 mL/L of complexing agent, 22 mL/L of buffering agent, 8 mL/L of brightening agent and the balance of deionized water; the complexing agent comprises, by mass, 10% of antimony potassium tartrate, 8% of dithioglycol, 25% of dimethylamine and the balance of deionized water; the brightener comprises the components of 2% of polyethylene glycol, 15% of potassium allylsulfonate and 2% of benzylidene acetone by mass percent, and the balance of deionized water.
Wherein the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol is 1000-2000.
An electroplating process for a metal tool surface comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing electroplating solution, dissolving soluble trivalent chromium salt and soluble zinc salt in a formula amount in deionized water, adding a complexing agent, a buffering agent and a brightening agent in a formula amount, mixing, and adjusting the pH value of the electroplating solution to 7.5;
s2, preprocessing, namely sequentially carrying out degreasing, ultrasonic washing, chemical polishing and acid washing activation on a metal tool to be electroplated;
s3, electroplating, namely, taking graphite as an anode and a metal tool to be electroplated as a cathode, adopting a rectification power supply with a ripple factor of 2.8%, and electroplating by using the electroplating solution prepared in the step S1, wherein the electroplating temperature is 30-60 ℃, and the current density is 15-40 A.dm-2Electroplating for 5-10 min;
s4, post-processing, namely cleaning and drying the metal tool electroplated in the step S3 to obtain the metal tool with the plating thickness of 0.2-0.5 mu m.
Claims (10)
1. An electroplating bath for metal tool surfaces, comprising: 18-35 g/L of soluble trivalent chromium salt, 15-22 g/L of soluble zinc salt, 80-150 mL/L of complexing agent, 15-26 mL/L of buffering agent, 3-8 mL/L of brightening agent and the balance of deionized water; the complexing agent comprises, by mass, 1.2-10% of antimony potassium tartrate, 2-8% of dithioglycol, 25-35% of an amine derivative and the balance of deionized water; the brightening agent comprises, by mass, 1-2% of polyethylene glycol, 15-20% of sulfonate, 2-3% of benzalacetone and the balance of deionized water.
2. The electroplating bath for metal tool surfaces as recited in claim 1, wherein the soluble trivalent chromium salt is any one of chromium chloride, chromium nitrate, basic chromium sulfate, and potassium chromium sulfate.
3. The electroplating bath for metal tool surfaces as recited in claim 1, wherein the soluble zinc salt is any one of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, and zinc nitrate.
4. The electroplating bath for metal tool surfaces as recited in claim 1, wherein the buffering agent is selected from one or more of triethanolamine, triethylamine, tromethamine, dimethylamine, N-methylethanolamine, tartaric acid, and sodium citrate.
5. The electroplating bath for metal tool surfaces as recited in claim 1, wherein the amine derivative is selected from one or more of ethylenediamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, dopamine, caprolactam, isopropanolamine, and dimethylamine.
6. The electroplating bath for metal tool surfaces as recited in claim 1, wherein the sulfonate is selected from the group consisting of sodium methylolsulfonate, sodium vinylsulfonate, sodium naphthylsulfonate, potassium naphthylsulfonate, sodium allylsulfonate, and potassium allylsulfonate.
7. The plating solution for metal tool surfaces as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degree of polymerization of the polyethylene glycol is 1000 to 2000.
8. A process for electroplating a bath of electroplating solution for a metal tool surface according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing electroplating solution, dissolving soluble trivalent chromium salt and soluble zinc salt in a formula amount in deionized water, and then adding a complexing agent, a buffering agent and a brightening agent in a formula amount for mixing;
s2, preprocessing, namely sequentially carrying out degreasing, ultrasonic washing, chemical polishing and acid washing activation on a metal tool to be electroplated;
s3, electroplating, namely, taking graphite as an anode and a metal tool to be electroplated as a cathode, and electroplating by using the electroplating solution prepared in the step S1, wherein the electroplating temperature is 30-60 ℃, and the current density is 15-40 A.dm-2Electroplating for 5-10 min;
s4, post-processing, namely cleaning and drying the metal tool electroplated in the step S3 to obtain the metal tool with the plating thickness of 0.2-0.5 mu m.
9. The plating solution for metal tool surfaces as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pH of the plating solution in step S1 is 5.2 to 7.5.
10. The electroplating bath for metal tool surfaces as claimed in claim 8, wherein step S3 is performed using a rectified power supply with ripple factor less than 3%.
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| CN202210161564.8A CN114481234A (en) | 2022-02-22 | 2022-02-22 | Electroplating solution and electroplating process for surface of metal tool |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104388989A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-04 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | Trivalent chromium electroplating liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN108034969A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-15 | 闽南师范大学 | A kind of sulfate trivalent chromium plating chromium plating bath and its application process |
| CN109183096A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-11 | 杭州云会五金电镀有限公司 | A kind of electroplating surface liquid and electroplating technology for alloy |
| CN112626575A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 杭州科技职业技术学院 | Surface electroplating liquid for alloy and electroplating process |
| CN113463146A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-01 | 深圳市加逸科技有限公司 | Electroplating solution and electroplating process for surface of metal tool |
-
2022
- 2022-02-22 CN CN202210161564.8A patent/CN114481234A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104388989A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-04 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | Trivalent chromium electroplating liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN108034969A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-15 | 闽南师范大学 | A kind of sulfate trivalent chromium plating chromium plating bath and its application process |
| CN109183096A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-11 | 杭州云会五金电镀有限公司 | A kind of electroplating surface liquid and electroplating technology for alloy |
| CN112626575A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 杭州科技职业技术学院 | Surface electroplating liquid for alloy and electroplating process |
| CN113463146A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-01 | 深圳市加逸科技有限公司 | Electroplating solution and electroplating process for surface of metal tool |
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