CN114481024A - High-performance aluminum alloy die ceramic coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance aluminum alloy die ceramic coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy die ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ceramic coatings. The high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating provided by the invention comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy mold. The AlCrN layer has good compatibility with the aluminum alloy, can improve the bonding strength of the ceramic coating and a die, and the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating has the characteristics of high hardness and good wear resistance, so that the ceramic coating has higher mechanical property and wear resistance; the TiN/TiCN alternating coating can further improve the wear resistance of the ceramic coating and simultaneously improve the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance of the ceramic coating; the wear resistance of the ceramic coating can be further improved by arranging the CrN layer on the surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic coatings, in particular to a high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent decades, with the continuous improvement of aluminum smelting and process and the breakthrough of basic problems of aluminum materials, the aluminum alloy industry has been developed vigorously, and aluminum alloy materials have been widely used, one example of which is the more and more extensive application of aluminum alloy material molds. The aluminum alloy has excellent processing performance, and the cutting processing speed is improved by 40 percent compared with die steel, thereby greatly reducing the processing period of the die. The heat conduction performance of the aluminum alloy is four to five times that of steel, the aluminum alloy can be heated or cooled more effectively, the energy consumption is reduced, the demolding time is greatly shortened, the speed is increased, and the production efficiency of the die can be effectively improved. The aluminum alloy has strong corrosion resistance, for example, PVC can generate chloride ions, and the PVC can easily react with steel to damage the surface of a plastic mould, but does not have any corrosion effect on the aluminum alloy product, and the surface of the mould can be kept bright and clean. The aluminum alloy has good structural compactness and no defect, and is easier to polish to achieve the mirror effect. And the aluminum alloy has low cost, stable market, high recovery efficiency and high benefit. In view of the excellent quality and performance of aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy has been widely used in injection mold, blow mold, low pressure mold, rubber mold and other mold industries in recent years, and has gradually replaced steel as the main material of the mold. However, compared with materials such as steel, the die made of aluminum alloy has low hardness and poor wear resistance, and is easy to wear in the frequent use process, so that the repair rate and rejection rate of the aluminum alloy die are serious, and surface treatment is required to improve the performance of the aluminum alloy die.
The common aluminum alloy surface strengthening treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing an anodized layer, such as the surface treatment process disclosed in patent 201811444933.4, but the hardness of the anodized layer is low, about HV 350; (2) chemical plating of Ni-P, Ni-W-P and other coatings, for example, patent 200810029009.X discloses a method for chemical nickel plating on the surface of aluminum and aluminum alloy, wherein the plating state hardness of the Ni-P alloy is about HV500, the plating state of the Ni-W-P coating is about HV900 after heat treatment, and the plating state of the Ni-W-P coating is about HV700 and can reach about HV1000 after heat treatment; (3) electroplating chromium or nickel, for example, patent 200710008471.7 discloses a method for electroplating aluminum products, the microhardness of the plating can reach HV 800-1100; (4) vacuum plasma deposition of CrN, TiN, TiAlN, TiCN, DLC and other coatings, for example, patent 87108177.6 discloses a method for ion deposition of a (Ti, Al) N hard film on the surface of an aluminum alloy, and the hardness of the coating reaches HV 760-1500. Although the anodic oxidation layer, the Ni-P/Ni-W-P coating and the chromium/nickel layer prepared on the surface of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy can obviously improve the hardness of the aluminum alloy, the obtained properties such as hardness and wear resistance and the like still can not meet the requirements of the aluminum alloy on the mechanical properties of the coating on the side of a die in the prior art, and the coatings prepared by vacuum plasma deposition such as CrN, TiN, TiAlN, TiCN, DLC and the like are hard and brittle although the hardness is higher, the aluminum alloy is relatively soft, so that the bonding strength between the aluminum alloy die and the coating is lower, the coating is easy to peel off, and the aluminum alloy die is deformed when in use.
Therefore, how to provide a coating with good hardness and wear resistance and high bonding strength with an aluminum alloy die becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-performance aluminum alloy die ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating, which comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy mold.
Preferably, the thickness of the AlCrN layer is 1-3 μm.
Preferably, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating layer is 0.1-0.5 μm independently, and the thickness of each TiAlN layer is 0.1-0.5 μm independently.
Preferably, the total thickness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 3-6 mu m.
Preferably, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 0.1-0.5 μm independently, and the thickness of each TiCN layer is 0.1-0.5 μm independently.
Preferably, the total thickness of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 2-5 mu m.
Preferably, the thickness of the CrN layer is 0.5-1 μm.
The invention provides a preparation method of the ceramic coating in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an AlCrN layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy die by adopting an arc power supply bombardment method;
(2) adopting a physical vapor deposition method to alternately prepare TiN and TiAlN coatings on the surface of the AlCrN layer obtained in the step (1);
(3) preparing TiCN and TiN coatings on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (2) alternately by adopting a physical vapor deposition method;
(4) and (4) preparing a CrN layer on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (3) to obtain the ceramic coating.
Preferably, in the step (1), the power bias voltage of the arc power supply bombardment method is 220-360V, and the bombardment time of the arc power supply bombardment method is 5-10 min.
Preferably, the power bias voltage of the physical vapor deposition method in the step (2) and the step (3) is 70-150V independently.
The invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating, which comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy mold. According to the invention, the AlCrN layer is arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy die, and then the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is prepared on the AlCrN layer, the AlCrN layer has good compatibility with the aluminum alloy, so that the bonding strength of the ceramic coating and the die can be improved, and the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating has the characteristics of high hardness and good wear resistance, so that the ceramic coating has higher mechanical property and wear resistance; the TiN/TiCN alternating coating can further improve the wear resistance of the ceramic coating and simultaneously improve the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance of the ceramic coating; the wear resistance of the ceramic coating can be further improved by arranging the CrN layer on the surface. The results of the examples show that the normal temperature hardness of the ceramic coating provided by the invention reaches 3300-3500 HV, the hardness at 300 ℃ reaches 2700-2900 HV, and the ceramic coating can not be separated from an aluminum alloy die after 500 times of use.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating, which comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy mold.
The high-performance aluminum alloy die ceramic coating provided by the invention comprises an AlCrN layer arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy die. In the invention, Al in the AlCrN layer is as follows: cr: the atomic ratio of N is preferably 1: 1: 1; the AlCrN layer is a single-layer coating with a continuous structure. According to the invention, the AlCrN layer is prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy die, and the AlCrN layer has a high thermal protection effect, so that the influence caused by temperature change in the use process of the aluminum alloy die can be reduced, and the probability of die cracking is reduced.
In the invention, the thickness of the AlCrN layer is preferably 1-3 μm, more preferably 1.5-2.5 μm, and even more preferably 2 μm. The thickness of the AlCrN layer is controlled within the range, so that the bonding strength between the AlCrN layer and the aluminum alloy die can be further improved, and the bonding stability between the ceramic coating and the aluminum alloy die is improved.
The high-performance aluminum alloy die ceramic coating provided by the invention also comprises a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating arranged on the surface of the AlCrN layer. In the invention, the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is preferably a TiN layer which is firstly contacted with the surface of the AlCrN layer. According to the invention, the TiN coating and the TiAlN coating are sequentially and alternately arranged on the surface of the AlCrN layer, so that the hardness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating can be improved, and the bonding strength between the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating and the AlCrN can be improved.
In the invention, the total thickness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is preferably 3-6 μm, and more preferably 4-5 μm. In the invention, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is preferably 0.1-0.5 μm independently, and more preferably 0.2-0.4 μm; the thickness of each TiAlN layer in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 0.1-0.5 μm independently, and more preferably 0.2-0.4 μm. In the invention, the surface layer of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating layer is preferably a TiN layer. The invention controls the single-layer thickness of TiN and TiAlN in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating within the range, and can lead the TiN and TiAlN to be alternated for a plurality of times, thereby further improving the hardness and the wear resistance of the alternating coating.
The high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating provided by the invention also comprises a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating arranged on the surface of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating. In the present invention, the coating of the alternating TiN/TiAlN coating layer in contact with the alternating TiN/TiCN coating layer is preferably a TiCN layer. According to the invention, the problem of low bonding strength caused by direct contact of the TiCN layer and the TiAlN layer can be avoided through the alternative arrangement mode of the coatings.
In the invention, the total thickness of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is preferably 2-5 μm, and more preferably 3-4 μm. In the invention, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is preferably 0.1-0.5 μm independently, and more preferably 0.2-0.4 μm; the thickness of each TiCN layer in the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is preferably 0.1-0.5 μm independently, and more preferably 0.2-0.4 μm. The invention controls the thickness of TiN/TiCN alternating coating in the range, and can further improve the hardness and stability of the coating.
The high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating provided by the invention also comprises a CrN layer arranged on the surface of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating. In the present invention, Cr in the CrN layer: the atomic ratio of N is preferably 1: 1. in the present invention, the crystal phase of the CrN layer is preferably a CrN phase. The invention adopts the CrN layer as the surface layer and has high wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
In the invention, the thickness of the CrN layer is preferably 0.5-1 μm. The invention can further improve the wear resistance of the ceramic coating by controlling the thickness of the CrN layer.
The ceramic coating provided by the invention has the advantages that the bonding strength with an aluminum alloy die is improved through the AlCrN layer, and the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating and the TiN/TiCN alternating coating are adopted, so that the ceramic coating has higher mechanical property and wear resistance; the wear resistance of the ceramic coating is further improved by arranging the CrN layer on the surface.
The invention provides a preparation method of the ceramic coating in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an AlCrN layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy die by adopting an arc power supply bombardment method;
(2) adopting a physical vapor deposition method to alternately prepare TiN and TiAlN coatings on the surface of the AlCrN layer obtained in the step (1);
(3) preparing TiCN and TiN coatings on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (2) alternately by adopting a physical vapor deposition method;
(4) and (4) preparing a CrN layer on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (3) to obtain the ceramic coating.
The invention adopts an arc power supply bombardment method to prepare the AlCrN layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy die.
The invention preferably pretreats the aluminum alloy mold before preparing the AlCrN layer. In the present invention, the pretreatment process preferably includes finish grinding, polishing, acetone cleaning, ethanol cleaning, and drying, which are performed in this order. The invention has no special limitation on the specific operations of fine grinding, polishing, acetone cleaning, ethanol cleaning and drying treatment, and can ensure that the surface of the aluminum alloy die is smooth and has no impurities.
In the invention, the power supply bias voltage of the arc power supply bombardment method is preferably 220-360V, and more preferably 240-320V; the time of the arc power supply bombardment method is preferably 5-10 min, and more preferably 6-8 min; the temperature of the arc power supply bombardment method is preferably 150-200 ℃; the atmosphere of the arc power supply bombardment method is preferably nitrogen; the target material of the arc power supply bombardment method is preferably an AlCr alloy target material. The preparation parameters of the AlCrN layer are controlled within the range, so that the AlCrN layer can have high mechanical property, and has higher bonding strength with an aluminum alloy die.
After the AlCrN layer is obtained, TiN and TiAlN coatings are alternately prepared on the surface of the AlCrN layer by adopting a physical vapor deposition method.
In the invention, the power bias voltage of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 70-150V, and more preferably 80-120V; the preferred vacuum degree of the physical vapor deposition method is 3-5 multiplied by 10-5Torr, more preferably 4X 10-5Torr; the target current of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 4-8A; the deposition temperature of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 150-250 ℃, and more preferably 180-200 ℃; the deposition atmosphere of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably nitrogen. When preparing the TiN/TiCN alternating coating, the target material of the physical vapor deposition method is a Ti target material when the coating is a TiN layer, and the target material of the physical vapor deposition method is a TiCN target material when the coating is a TiCN layer. The invention controls the parameters of the physical vapor deposition method in the range, can further improve the hardness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, and can improve the hardness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coatingThe deformation of the aluminum alloy die can be prevented by controlling the temperature in the deposition process.
In the invention, when preparing the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, the single-layer deposition time of the physical vapor deposition method is independently preferably 15-25 min, and more preferably 20 min. The invention controls the deposition time within the range, and can control the thickness of the coating.
After obtaining the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, the invention adopts a physical vapor deposition method to alternately prepare TiCN and TiN coatings on the surface of the TiN coating.
In the invention, the power bias voltage of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 70-150V, and more preferably 80-120V; the vacuum degree of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 3-5 multiplied by 10-5Torr, more preferably 4X 10-5Torr; the target current of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 4-8A; the deposition temperature of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 150-250 ℃, and more preferably 180-200 ℃. When preparing the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, the target material of the physical vapor deposition method is a Ti target material when the coating is a TiN layer, and the target material of the physical vapor deposition method is a TiC alloy target material when the coating is a TiCN layer. The invention controls the parameters of the physical vapor deposition method in the range, can further improve the hardness of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating, and can prevent the deformation of the aluminum alloy die by controlling the temperature in the deposition process.
In the invention, when preparing the TiN/TiCN alternating coating, the single-layer deposition time of the physical vapor deposition method is independently preferably 15-25 min, and more preferably 20 min. The invention controls the deposition time within the range, and can control the thickness of the coating.
After obtaining the TiN/TiCN alternate coating, the invention prepares a CrN layer on the surface of the TiN coating to obtain the ceramic coating.
In the invention, the method for preparing the CrN layer is preferably a physical vapor deposition method, and the power supply bias voltage of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 70-150V, and more preferably 80-120V; the vacuum degree of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 3-5 multiplied by 10-5Torr, more preferably 4X 10-5Torr; the physical vapor depositionThe target current of the product method is preferably 4-8A; the deposition temperature of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably 150-250 ℃, and more preferably 180-200 ℃; the deposition atmosphere of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably nitrogen; the target material of the physical vapor deposition method is preferably a Cr target material. The invention controls the parameters of the physical vapor deposition method in the range, and can further improve the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the CrN layer.
The invention improves the bonding strength between the coating and the aluminum alloy die by adopting a mode of combining an arc power supply bombardment method and a physical vapor deposition method, and simultaneously greatly improves the hardness and the wear resistance of the coating, so that the aluminum alloy die has longer service life.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy mold;
the thickness of the AlCrN layer is 2 mu m; the total thickness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 5 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 0.2 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiAlN layer is 0.2 mu m independently; the total thickness of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 3 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 0.1 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiCN layer is 0.1 mu m independently; the thickness of the CrN layer is 1 mu m;
the preparation method of the ceramic coating comprises the following steps:
(1) after the aluminum alloy die is sequentially subjected to fine grinding, polishing, acetone cleaning, ethanol cleaning and drying treatment, preparing an AlCrN layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy die by adopting an arc power supply bombardment method; the bias voltage of the arc power supply bombardment method is 220V; the time of the arc power supply bombardment method is 8 min; the temperature of the arc power supply bombardment method is 200 ℃; the atmosphere of the arc power supply bombardment method is nitrogen; the target material of the arc power supply bombardment method is an AlCr alloy target material;
(2) adopting a physical vapor deposition method to alternately prepare TiN and TiAlN coatings on the surface of the AlCrN layer obtained in the step (1); the single-layer deposition time of the physical vapor deposition method is 20 min; when preparing the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, when the coating is a TiN layer, the target material is a Ti target material, and when the coating is a TiAlN layer, the target material is a TiAl alloy target material;
(3) alternately preparing TiCN and TiN coatings on the surface of the TiN layer obtained in the step (2) by adopting a physical vapor deposition method; the single-layer deposition time of the physical vapor deposition method is 20 min; when preparing the TiN/TiCN alternate coating, when the coating is a TiN layer, the target material is a Ti target material, and when the coating is a TiCN layer, the target material is a TiC alloy target material;
(4) preparing a CrN layer on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (3) by adopting a physical vapor deposition method to obtain a ceramic coating; the target material of the physical vapor deposition method is a Cr target material;
the parameters of the physical vapor deposition method in the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4) are as follows: bias voltage of 80V and vacuum degree of 4X 10-5Torr, the target current is 6A, the deposition temperature is 180 ℃, and the deposition atmosphere is nitrogen.
Example 2
A high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy mold;
the thickness of the AlCrN layer is 1 mu m; the total thickness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 3 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 0.2 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiAlN layer is 0.2 mu m independently; the total thickness of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 3 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 0.1 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiCN layer is 0.1 mu m independently; the thickness of the CrN layer is 1 mu m; the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
A high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy mold;
the thickness of the AlCrN layer is 1 mu m; the total thickness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 4.5 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 0.3 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiAlN layer is 0.3 mu m independently; the total thickness of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 3 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 0.1 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiCN layer is 0.1 mu m independently; the thickness of the CrN layer is 1 mu m; the preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 1
An aluminum alloy die ceramic coating comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy die;
the thickness of the AlCrN layer is 2 mu m; the total thickness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 5 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 0.2 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiAlN layer is 0.2 mu m independently; the thickness of the CrN layer is 1 mu m;
the preparation method of the ceramic coating comprises the following steps:
(1) after the aluminum alloy die is sequentially subjected to fine grinding, polishing, acetone cleaning, ethanol cleaning and drying treatment, preparing an AlCrN layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy die by adopting an arc power supply bombardment method; the bias voltage of the arc power supply bombardment method is 220V; the time of the arc power supply bombardment method is 8 min; the temperature of the arc power supply bombardment method is 200 ℃; the atmosphere of the arc power supply bombardment method is nitrogen; the target material of the arc power supply bombardment method is an AlCr alloy target material;
(2) adopting a physical vapor deposition method to alternately prepare TiN and TiAlN coatings on the surface of the AlCrN layer obtained in the step (1); the single-layer deposition time of the physical vapor deposition method is 20 min; when preparing the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, when the coating is a TiN layer, the target material is a Ti target material, and when the coating is a TiAlN layer, the target material is a TiAl alloy target material;
(3) preparing a CrN layer on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (2) by adopting a physical vapor deposition method to obtain a ceramic coating; the target material of the physical vapor deposition method is a Cr target material;
the parameters of the step (2), the step (3) and the intermediate physical vapor deposition method are as follows: bias voltage of 80V and vacuum degree of 4X 10-5Torr, the target current is 6A, the deposition temperature is 180 ℃, and the deposition atmosphere is nitrogen.
Comparative example 2
A ceramic coating of an aluminum alloy mold comprises a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy mold;
the total thickness of the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 5 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating is 0.2 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiAlN layer is 0.2 mu m independently; the total thickness of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 3 mu m, the thickness of each TiN layer in the TiN/TiCN alternating coating is 0.1 mu m independently, and the thickness of each TiCN layer is 0.1 mu m independently; the thickness of the CrN layer is 1 mu m;
the preparation method of the ceramic coating comprises the following steps:
(1) after the aluminum alloy die is sequentially subjected to fine grinding, polishing, acetone cleaning, ethanol cleaning and drying treatment, TiN and TiAlN coatings are alternately prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy die by adopting a physical vapor deposition method; the single-layer deposition time of the physical vapor deposition method is 20 min; when preparing the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, when the coating is a TiN layer, the target material is a Ti target material, and when the coating is a TiAlN layer, the target material is a TiAl alloy target material;
(2) preparing TiCN and TiN coatings on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (1) alternately by adopting a physical vapor deposition method; the single-layer deposition time of the physical vapor deposition method is 20 min; when preparing the TiN/TiCN alternate coating, when the coating is a TiN layer, the target material is a Ti target material, and when the coating is a TiCN layer, the target material is a TiC alloy target material;
(3) preparing a CrN layer on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (2) by adopting a physical vapor deposition method to obtain a ceramic coating; the target material of the physical vapor deposition method is a Cr target material;
the substances in the step (1), the step (2) and the step (3)The parameters of the physical vapor deposition method are as follows: bias voltage of 80V and vacuum degree of 4X 10-5Torr, the target current is 6A, the deposition temperature is 180 ℃, and the deposition atmosphere is nitrogen.
The properties of the ceramic coatings provided in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 Properties of ceramic coatings provided in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2
The method for testing the bonding performance and the crack resistance comprises the steps of heating an aluminum alloy die, preserving heat for 3min at 300 ℃, then quenching in ice water at 0 ℃, drying in the air, heating to 300 ℃ again, taking the cycle as a thermal shock cycle, observing the film stripping and crack generation conditions (20 samples in each group) for 100 times, and then observing whether the ceramic coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy die is stripped and whether cracks exist.
As can be seen from Table 1, the ceramic coatings provided in embodiments 1 to 3 have very high hardness and wear resistance at both normal temperature and high temperature, and also have good corrosion resistance. As can be seen from the comparison between examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, the hardness of the ceramic coating can be further improved by adding the TiN/TiCN alternating coating, and the bonding performance between the ceramic coating and the aluminum alloy die can be improved by adding the AlCrN layer.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-performance aluminum alloy mold ceramic coating comprises an AlCrN layer, a TiN/TiAlN alternating coating, a TiN/TiCN alternating coating and a CrN layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of an aluminum alloy mold.
2. The ceramic coating of claim 1, wherein the AlCrN layer has a thickness of 1-3 μm.
3. The ceramic coating of claim 1, wherein each layer of TiN in the alternating TiN/TiAlN coating is independently 0.1 to 0.5 μm thick, and each layer of TiAlN is independently 0.1 to 0.5 μm thick.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the TiN/TiAlN alternating coating layer has a total thickness of 3-6 μm.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein each TiN layer of the TiN/TiCN alternating coating layer has a thickness of 0.1-0.5 μm independently, and each TiCN layer has a thickness of 0.1-0.5 μm independently.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the TiN/TiCN alternating coating layer has a total thickness of 2 to 5 μm.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CrN layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 1 μm.
8. A method of preparing a ceramic coating as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing an AlCrN layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy die by adopting an arc power supply bombardment method;
(2) adopting a physical vapor deposition method to alternately prepare TiN and TiAlN coatings on the surface of the AlCrN layer obtained in the step (1);
(3) preparing TiCN and TiN coatings on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (2) alternately by adopting a physical vapor deposition method;
(4) and (4) preparing a CrN layer on the surface of the TiN coating obtained in the step (3) to obtain the ceramic coating.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the power bias voltage of the arc power supply bombardment method in the step (1) is 220-360V, and the bombardment time of the arc power supply bombardment method is 5-10 min.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the power bias voltage of the PVD method in the step (2) and the step (3) is 70-150V independently.
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