CN114479522A - Heat-insulating expansion fireproof material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-insulating expansion fireproof material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-insulating expansion fireproof material and a preparation method thereof. The material is prepared from the following raw materials: 100 parts by weight of water; 40-60 parts of silica sol; 5-10 parts by weight of melamine pyrophosphate; 5-10 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate; 5-10 parts by weight of melamine; 5-10 parts of dipentaerythritol; 10-20 parts by weight of aluminum hydroxide; 5-10 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide; 10-20 parts by weight of low-melting glass powder; 10-60 parts by weight of silicon aerogel; 5-15 parts of a film-forming assistant. The fireproof material mainly comprises inorganic components, so that the fireproof material is free of formaldehyde, VOC and other toxic substances in a real sense, almost no smoke and toxic gas is discharged in the fireproof process, and the fireproof grade reaches A1 grade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fireproof coatings, in particular to a heat-insulating expansion fireproof material and a preparation method thereof. The coating is suitable for the protection of fire prevention, heat insulation and flame retardance of surfaces of steel structures, nonmetal structures and the like.
Background
The inorganic coating in the prior art has no coating which has low-temperature heat insulation and high-temperature fire prevention and flame retardance. Most of the coatings appear in an organic-inorganic mixed mode, organic matters are generally toxic and cannot be really nontoxic, the coatings in the prior art are easy to mildew in a humid environment, and the mildew virus is another important environmental poison. At high temperature, especially in case of fire, the gas volatilized by organic matters along with the rise of temperature is inflammable and becomes extremely toxic, and the organic coating not only causes the spread of fire, but also produces smoke and is also the main cause of fire death. The inorganic heat-insulating intumescent fire-retardant coating can effectively prevent or delay the spread of fire behavior as a functional coating, and has the advantages of very low smoke generation amount, incombustibility, very good heat-insulating property in early period and later period of fire, low density, easy construction, low cost and the like compared with other fire-retardant materials. The fireproof coating has no obvious difference with a common decorative coating in a conventional state, the heat conductivity of the coating is used for isolating temperature transfer in the early stage of a fire, and the coating is rapidly foamed and expanded in the middle and later stages to form a heat-insulating carbonization layer with a honeycomb structure, so that the heat is prevented or delayed from being transferred to a substrate, and the aim of improving the fire resistance limit of the substrate is fulfilled.
The fire-retardant coating widely used at present mainly comprises two systems, one is a thick non-expansion type fire-retardant coating, cement, calcium hydroxide, water glass, water-based emulsion and rubber powder are mainly used as main film forming materials, filler type heat insulation materials such as expanded perlite, vermiculite and the like are added, the fire-retardant coating mainly adopts an inorganic material system, but the fire-retardant coating is low in fire-retardant efficiency and easy to crack and fall off in the fire-retardant process, the fire-retardant protection for 60min can be provided only when the thickness of the fire-retardant coating reaches 25mm, and the applicant searches for the patent of the inorganic fire-retardant coating: 1. CN1179449A, the proportion of calcium hydroxide is 80-90%; 2. CN101591481A, the proportion of calcium hydroxide is 60-80%; 3. CN101899232A, the proportion of calcium hydroxide is 10-15%; 4. CN102092989A, the proportion of calcium hydroxide is 12-15%; 5. CN103709799A, and the proportion of calcium hydroxide is 10-22%. The former two patents have the problems of insufficient strength, high construction difficulty, easy precipitation, color difference and the like due to overhigh content of calcium hydroxide, and the formulas of the latter three patents are basically not actual proportioning taking the calcium hydroxide as a main body, so that the prepared coating cannot achieve ideal effects. And for example, CN104650626A is an inorganic fireproof coating, which has the problems of high construction difficulty, easy precipitation, color difference and the like.
The other kind of fire retardant coating system is super thin expanding fire retardant coating, which is organic and has mainly organic resin as filming matter and expanding fire retardant comprising acid source, carbon source and gas source. For example, CN100432167C intumescent fire retardant coating adopts organic matter as main components, and the fire retardant coating has the advantage of high fire retardant efficiency, and generally 2mm can provide fire protection for 60 min. However, the coating has the defects that an organic system is adopted, a large amount of organic solvent is released in the construction and use process, a large amount of toxic and harmful smoke is generated by burning organic matters in the flame burning process, the toxic and harmful smoke is very dangerous to the injury of people when an actual fire disaster occurs, and great potential safety hazards exist. Although an environment-friendly ultrathin intumescent fire retardant coating is developed in recent years, and a water-based resin is used as a film forming material, for example, patent CN104130671B discloses a water-based ultrathin intumescent fire retardant coating for steel structures and a preparation method thereof, the water-based resin is still an organic film forming material.
Therefore, the development of an environmentally friendly thin fire retardant coating is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heat-insulating expansion fireproof material and a preparation method thereof. The foaming system of the carbon layer containing phosphorus-carbon-nitrogen adopted by the invention can expand the foaming carbon layer at high temperature to play the roles of fire prevention and heat insulation. In the initial low-temperature stage of fire prevention, the silica aerogel is adopted to block heat transfer brought by heat transfer (heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation) in the fire-proof coating. The silicon aerogel contains at least 99.8% of air, which is a poor conductor of heat, and is therefore a good thermal barrier. Since silicon is also a poor conductor of heat, its insulating properties are better. In terms of the manner of thermal convection, air also becomes a good thermal convection barrier because it cannot convect across the gel surface. The coating is used for heat insulation at low temperature, and the expanded carbon layer is used for heat insulation at high temperature to achieve better fireproof effect. The low-melting glass powder has lower melting temperature and sealing temperature, good heat resistance and chemical stability and high mechanical strength, and can obviously improve the fireproof performance of the coating after being added. The invention mainly adopts inorganic components, achieves the purposes of no formaldehyde, no VOC and other toxic substances in the true sense and almost no smoke and toxic gas emission in the fireproof process. The fire-proof grade can reach A1 grade.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a heat-insulating expansion fireproof material.
The material is prepared from the following raw materials:
the components are calculated according to the parts by weight,
the preferable dosage range of each component is as follows:
the components are calculated according to the parts by weight,
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the fire-resistant material also comprises a reinforcing material,
based on 100 parts by weight of water,
2-4 parts of a reinforcing material.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the reinforcing material plays a role in reinforcing the carbon layer and improving the adhesion force of the carbon layer in the formation of the expanded carbonaceous layer, and is selected from one or a combination of glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber and aluminum silicate fiber according to the characteristics of a system.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the film-forming assistant is one or a combination of dodecyl alcohol ester, glycol ether or propylene glycol ether.
In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the glycol ethers are ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether and triethylene glycol butyl ether;
the propylene glycol ethers are propylene glycol methyl ether and propylene glycol butyl ether.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the silicon aerogel is silicon aerogel powder or silicon aerogel solution;
if silicon aerogel powder is used, the amount of silicon aerogel powder is preferably in the range of 10 to 20 parts by weight;
if a silica aerogel solution is used, the amount of the silica aerogel solution is preferably in the range of 40 to 60 parts by weight;
the solid content of the silica aerogel solution is 5-30%;
among them, more preferred are:
the grain diameter range of the silicon aerogel powder is 0.5-5 mm; the specific surface area is 800-1500 square meters per gram; the density is 40-80kg/m3(ii) a The thermal conductivity coefficient at normal temperature is 0.010-0.020W/m.K.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the low-temperature molten glass powder is lead-free low-temperature molten glass powder with the initial melting temperature of 350-780 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the concentration of the silica sol is more than 30%.
In the present invention,
the silica sol plays a role of a film forming material;
melamine pyrophosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and dipentaerythritol form a foaming carbon layer system to play a role in fire prevention and flame retardance;
the magnesium hydroxide and the aluminum hydroxide play a role in flame retardance and smoke suppression;
the low-melting glass powder and the silica aerogel solution play a role in flame retardance and heat insulation;
the reinforcing material serves to reinforce the carbon layer and improve the adhesion of the carbon layer in the formation of the expanded carbonaceous layer.
According to the inorganic heat-insulating intumescent fire-retardant coating, silica sol is added with a small amount of film-forming auxiliary agent to serve as an inorganic film-forming material, and by adding the silicon aerogel with low thermal conductivity and the flame retardant, the inorganic heat-insulating intumescent fire-retardant coating can expand and foam at high temperature to form a silicon aerogel and carbon silicon structure intumescent heat-insulating layer.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the heat-insulating expansion fireproof material.
The method comprises the following steps:
the components are mixed, dispersed and filtered according to the using amount to prepare the heat-insulating expansion fireproof material.
The ultrathin inorganic heat-insulation expansion fireproof coating disclosed by the invention adopts silica sol and a film-forming additive as film forming materials, and adopts the fireproof and heat-insulation effects that the coating is low in temperature, heat-insulation and fireproof through low heat conductivity of the coating, and the foaming carbon layer is fireproof, heat-insulation and flame-retardant at high temperature. The dry film thickness of the fireproof coating is 2-3mm, and the fireproof coating can provide fireproof protection for the substrate for at least 60 min. The invention has no VOC (volatile organic compounds) emission in the construction and use processes, and does not generate toxic and harmful gas and smoke in the fireproof action process. The fireproof coating can effectively reduce the harm of smoke and is a safe and nontoxic green functional coating.
Detailed Description
While the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, it should be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The starting materials used in the examples are all commercially available.
The low-temperature melting glass powder adopted in the embodiment is lead-free low-temperature melting glass powder with the initial melting temperature of 400-500 ℃.
Example 1:
the inorganic heat-insulating expansion fireproof coating mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 5 parts of melamine pyrophosphate, 40 parts of silica sol (the concentration of the silica sol is 30%), 5 parts of dipentaerythritol, 10 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 5 parts of melamine, 10 parts of low-melting glass powder and 40 parts of silica aerogel solution (the solid content of the silica aerogel solution is 30%), 2 parts of reinforcing material ceramic fiber, 8 parts of film-forming additive (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) and 100 parts of water. The raw materials are mixed, dispersed at high speed and filtered according to respective weight parts to obtain a finished product.
Example 2:
the inorganic heat-insulating expansion fireproof coating mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 5 parts of melamine pyrophosphate, 40 parts of silica sol (the concentration of the silica sol is 40%), 5 parts of dipentaerythritol, 10 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 5 parts of melamine, 10 parts of low-melting glass powder, 12 parts of silica aerogel powder (the particle size range of the silica aerogel powder is 0.5-5mm, the specific surface area is 800-1500 square meters per gram, the density is 40-80kg/m3, the heat conductivity coefficient at normal temperature is 0.010-0.020W/m.K), 2 parts of reinforcing material glass fiber, 10 parts of film-forming additive (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) and 100 parts of water. The raw materials are mixed, dispersed at high speed and filtered according to respective weight parts to obtain a finished product.
Example 3:
the inorganic heat-insulating expansion fireproof coating mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 8 parts of melamine pyrophosphate, 50 parts of silica sol (the concentration of the silica sol is 30%), 6 parts of dipentaerythritol, 15 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 8 parts of melamine, 15 parts of low-melting glass powder, 50 parts of silica aerogel (solution) (the solid content of the silica aerogel solution is 30%), 3 parts of reinforcing material silicon carbide fiber, 8 parts of film-forming additive (propylene glycol methyl ether) and 100 parts of water. The raw materials are mixed, dispersed at high speed and filtered according to respective weight parts to obtain a finished product.
Example 4:
the inorganic heat-insulating expansion fireproof coating mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10 parts of melamine pyrophosphate, 60 parts of silica sol (the concentration of the silica sol is 40%), 8 parts of dipentaerythritol, 20 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 8 parts of melamine, 20 parts of low-melting glass powder, 60 parts of silica aerogel solution (the solid content of the silica aerogel solution is 30%), 4 parts of reinforcing material aluminum silicate fiber, 12 parts of film-forming assistant propylene glycol monomethyl ether and 100 parts of water. The raw materials are mixed, dispersed at high speed and filtered according to respective weight parts to obtain a finished product.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, the scope of the formula components and the proportion and the optimization schemes of the present invention are included in the claims, and those skilled in the art can make simple modifications or equivalent substitutions on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
The construction method comprises the following steps: the coating is uniformly coated on the surface of the base material by adopting a spraying or troweling method.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the common organic ultrathin type expansion fireproof coating CN100432167C, the product performance of the invention is shown in the following table 1 under the same experimental conditions:
TABLE 1
Comparative example 2
The product performance of the invention is identical to that of a common inorganic fireproof coating CN104650626A under the same experimental conditions, and the performance comparison ratio is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Claims (10)
1. The heat-insulating expansion fireproof material is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials:
the components are calculated according to the parts by weight,
2. the insulating intumescent fire-blocking material of claim 1, wherein:
the components are counted by weight part, and the weight percentage is,
3. the insulating intumescent fire-blocking material of claim 1, wherein:
the fire-resistant material comprises a reinforcing material,
based on 100 parts by weight of water,
2-4 parts of a reinforcing material.
4. The insulating intumescent fire-blocking material of claim 3, wherein:
the reinforcing material is selected from one or a combination of glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber and aluminum silicate fiber.
5. The insulating intumescent fire-blocking material of claim 1, wherein:
the film-forming assistant is one or a combination of dodecyl alcohol ester, ethylene glycol ether or propylene glycol ether.
6. The insulating intumescent fire-blocking material of claim 5, wherein:
the glycol ethers are ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether and triethylene glycol butyl ether;
the propylene glycol ethers are propylene glycol methyl ether and propylene glycol butyl ether.
7. The insulating intumescent fire-blocking material of claim 1, wherein:
the silicon aerogel is silicon aerogel powder or silicon aerogel solution;
the solid content of the silica aerogel solution is 5-30%;
the particle size range of the silicon aerogel powder is 0.5-5 mm; the specific surface area is 800-1500 square meters per gram; the density is 40-80kg/m3(ii) a The thermal conductivity coefficient at normal temperature is 0.010-0.020W/m.K.
8. The insulating intumescent fire-blocking material of claim 1, wherein:
the low-temperature molten glass powder is lead-free low-temperature molten glass powder with the initial melting temperature of 350-780 ℃.
9. The insulating, intumescent, fire-blocking material of claim 1, wherein:
the concentration of the silica sol is more than 30%.
10. A method for preparing a thermal insulating intumescent fire-retardant material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said method comprises:
the components are mixed, dispersed and filtered according to the using amount to prepare the heat-insulating expansion fireproof material.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115133195A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-09-30 | 陕西天璇涂层科技有限公司 | Preparation method of metal battery box fireproof coating and metal battery box |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115133195A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-09-30 | 陕西天璇涂层科技有限公司 | Preparation method of metal battery box fireproof coating and metal battery box |
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