CN114477609A - 一种造纸废水废渣的处理利用的药剂与工艺 - Google Patents

一种造纸废水废渣的处理利用的药剂与工艺 Download PDF

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CN114477609A
CN114477609A CN202011243039.8A CN202011243039A CN114477609A CN 114477609 A CN114477609 A CN 114477609A CN 202011243039 A CN202011243039 A CN 202011243039A CN 114477609 A CN114477609 A CN 114477609A
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肖国光
韩琳
严鑫
马珊
张家谱
喻竹英
徐中海
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及渣的处理利用的药剂和工艺,主要由以下加入药剂和工艺完成,先向造纸黑液中加入A药剂,搅拌,过滤,过滤渣记作沉淀(X1),滤液记作Y1,滤液Y1回用碱煮工序5‑10次后,又加A药剂,又分离出沉淀(X2)及滤液Y2,滤液Y2加改性剂B使其分层,收集上层粗产品(Z1),蒸馏得到脂肪酸类产品(Z2),下层滤液为Y3,及蒸馏渣为X3,下层滤液Y3与白液合并加入重金属助沉剂C后分离去有害重金属,过滤,滤渣含重金属(X4),滤液Y4,此滤液Y4废水进入臭氧‑光催化D‑生化系统E处理,产生废渣(X5),合并到沉淀(X1)等,黑液沉淀(X1+X2)、蒸馏渣(X3)与滤渣废渣(X5)合并为F渣,向F渣中加入改性剂G后,发酵、熟化后用作植物营养剂,最后废水达标后排放或部分回用,该工艺可以实现造纸废水部分、废渣全部资源化利用。

Description

一种造纸废水废渣的处理利用的药剂与工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂及工艺,属于废水处理环境保护领域。
背景技术
随着造纸行业的发展,造纸废弃物污染问题日趋严重,其中造纸污泥废渣的处置是不可回避的问题,且造纸工业中废渣制浆工艺产生的废水中含有大量木质素的黑液,黑液中含有大量的悬浮性固体有机物、脂肪酸等,直接排放到水体中会造成严重的污染。
传统处理造纸废渣污泥的方法主要是进行堆置、填埋、焚烧等,但是上述方法均需要昂贵的运输费用,另外需要占用大量的土地,破坏生态平衡,污染环境和地下水体;传统处理造纸黑液的方法有碱回收法、絮凝沉淀法、酸析法、活性污泥法等。其中,碱回收法是现阶段最为成熟的造纸黑液处理办法,但由于其成本过于高昂,且黑液回收效率低,脂肪酸类物质没有回收利用;絮凝沉淀法需要添加大量沉淀剂,并带入重金属成分,使尾渣失去利用价值,增加资源投入;活性污泥法选用生物方法处理黑液,但污泥培养时间长,不耐高冲压水,耗时长,不利于大型连续化作业,基于以上困难,目前大多数造纸企业将蒸煮黑液进行三效-五效蒸发浓缩,焚烧处理,消耗大量天然气等资源,废渣进行填埋,浪费资源,仍然存在处理成本高和环境污染。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂及工艺。
本发明公开一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂及工艺。它是由如下药剂和工艺完成,先向造纸黑液中加入A药剂,搅拌,过滤,过滤渣记作沉淀(X1),滤液记作Y1,滤液Y1回用碱煮工序5-10次后,又加A药剂,又分离出沉淀(X2)及滤液Y2,滤液Y2加改性剂B使其分层,收集上层粗产品(Z1),蒸馏得到脂肪酸类产品(Z2),下层滤液为Y3,及蒸馏渣为X3,下层滤液Y3与白液合并加入重金属助沉剂C后分离去有害重金属,过滤,滤渣含重金属(X4),滤液Y4,此下层滤液Y4废水进入臭氧-光催化D-生化系统E处理,产生废渣(X5),合并到沉淀(X1)等,黑液沉淀(X1+X2)、蒸馏渣(X3)与滤渣废渣(X5)合并为F渣,向F渣中加入改性剂G后,发酵、熟化后用作植物营养剂,最后废水达标后排放或部分回用。其中A药剂为氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙、电石渣、碳酸镁、氧化镁、淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、甲壳素、环状糊精、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺、聚合硫酸铁、聚合氯化铁、聚合氯化铁锌中的至少一种或任意三种的混合物,其用量为黑液废水用量的0.01%-20%。
B药剂为硫酸、盐酸、磷酸中的一种或任意二种的混合物,用量为废水量的0.01-20%。
C药剂为加沉降金属及重金属药剂如4-甲基-二巯基丁二钠、二巯基丙醇、5,8-二乙基-7-羟基-6-十二烷酮肟、5-十二烷基水杨醛肟、二丁基二硫代磷酸钠、二戊基二硫代磷酸钾、8-羟基喹啉中的至少一种或任意二种的混合物,用量为废水的0.001%-5%。
D过程为臭氧-光催化E-生化系统,其中臭氧-光催化工艺为,向去除有机质、脂肪酸、重金属的混合废水中通入5Kg-10Kg/m3(废水)的臭氧1-10小时,接着通入有紫外光灯及光催化剂E的光处理塔2-12小时,紫外光催化剂E为纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化铁-二氧化钛(Fe2O3-TiO2)、银-二氧化钛(Ag2O-TiO2)、氧化锰-二氧化钛(MnO2-TiO2)、氧化锌-二氧化钛(ZnO-TiO2)、氧化锌-氧化铜-二氧化钛ZnO-CuO-TiO2)、活性炭-二氧化钛(AC-TiO2)、环状糊精-TiO2中的一种或任意二种的混合物,用量为废水的0.01%-20%。再导入生化系统,水处理达标后,回用或排放。
G药剂为过磷酸钙、重过磷酸钙、尿素、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸钾、亚磷酸钾、硫酸铵等中的一种或任意二种的混合物,其用量为渣量的10-50%。
其中A:B:C:G药剂用量相对废水为:0.01%-20%:0.01-20%:10-50%:0.001%-20%。
所处理的废水为造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣,它们含有大量木质素,有机物,脂肪酸及少量、微量的铁、铅、镉、砷、汞等金属和重金属离子。
本发明的工艺可以实现将黑液沉淀过滤后将滤液与白液合并,过滤分离出上层粗脂肪酸,蒸馏得到精制脂肪酸产品,它们具有很好的工业应用价值,如作选矿药剂、石油工业等;下层滤液废水进入臭氧-光催化-生化系统处理,向沉淀渣加入改性剂,发酵熟化后使废渣作为植物营养添加物使用。清水达标外排或回用,渣进行资源化回收利用。本发明技术可根本解决造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的出路问题,实现经济、环境、社会价值化统一。
与现有技术相比。本发明的优点在于:
1) 本发明处理造纸废水与传统废水处理不一样。充分利用其存在价值,变废为宝,将黑液沉淀过滤后将滤液与白液合并,过滤分离出上层粗脂肪酸,蒸馏得到精制脂肪酸产品;下层滤液废水进入臭氧-光催化-生化系统处理,向沉淀渣加入改性剂,发酵熟化后使废渣作为植物营养添加物使用。清水达标外排或回用,渣进行资源化回收利用。
2) 通过调整体系酸碱性,使造纸废水中脂肪酸、有机质得到回收利用,从而实现其功能化价值,使废水处理后真正实现无废渣排放。
3) 黑液通过沉降分离出有机质、金属、重金属元素,同时碱性物质留在溶液中,从而强碱性废水可以回用,用于碱蒸煮纸浆工序,且可反复使用5-10次,可以废除回收碱工艺,最大化实现了其价值和资源化利用。
4) 不使用硫化钠、硫化氢、二硫化碳等原料,蒸煮黑液不进行蒸发浓缩,废渣不进行焚烧处理,降低了处理成本,使处理过程不产生有毒有害气体,如硫化氢、二氧化硫等,生产过程安全,管理方便,运输、贮存对人体无害。
5) 采用臭氧-光催化-生化系统综合处理终端废水,处理工艺紧凑、简便、处理量大、快捷、投资少、成本低、效益好。可分别回收蒸煮、漂白等生产过程产生的废水中的有机质、脂肪酸等有价成分,不带入重金属元素,同时可以去除铅、砷、镉、铬、汞、铊等毒性金属元素,无毒性污泥产生,无二次污染。
附图说明
附图图1为一种造纸废水废渣的处理利用的药剂与工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同.本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非特别说明,本发明中用到的各种试剂、原料均为可以从市场上购买的商品或者可以通过公知的方法制得的产品。
实施例1:某棉短绒造纸废水
先向某棉短绒造纸黑液100Kg中加入A药剂氧化钙5Kg、聚合硫酸铁4Kg、羧甲基淀粉0.5Kg,搅拌,过滤,过滤渣记作沉淀(X1),滤液记作Y1,滤液Y1回用碱煮工序5-10次后,又加A药剂氧化钙5Kg、聚合硫酸铁4Kg、羧甲基淀粉0.5Kg,又分离出沉淀(X2)及滤液Y2,滤液Y2加改性剂B硫酸4Kg使其分层,收集上层粗产品(Z1),蒸馏得到脂肪酸类产品(Z2),下层滤液为Y3,及蒸馏渣为X3,下层滤液Y3与白液合并加入重金属助沉剂C二戊基二硫代磷酸钾0.5Kg后分离去有害重金属,过滤,滤渣含重金属(X4),滤液Y4, 此下层滤液Y4废水进入臭氧-光催化D-生化系统E处理,紫外光催化剂E为氧化锌-氧化铜-二氧化钛ZnO-CuO-TiO2)5Kg、活性炭-二氧化钛(AC-TiO2)3Kg、环状糊精-TiO2 3Kg,产生废渣(X5),合并到沉淀(X1)等,黑液沉淀(X1+X2)、蒸馏渣(X3)与滤渣废渣(X5)合并为F渣,向F渣中加入改性剂G重过磷酸钙15Kg、尿素5Kg、磷酸二氢钾5Kg、硫酸钾5Kg后,发酵、熟化后用作植物营养剂,最后废水达标后排放或部分回用。
实施例2:某木片造纸废水
先向某木片造纸黑液100 Kg中加入A药剂氧化钙5Kg、聚合硫酸铁3Kg、羧甲基淀粉0.3Kg,搅拌,过滤,过滤渣记作沉淀(X1),滤液记作Y1,滤液Y1回用碱煮工序5-10次后,又加A药剂氧化钙5Kg、聚合硫酸铁锌3Kg、淀粉0.3Kg,又分离出沉淀(X2)及滤液Y2,滤液Y2加改性剂B硫酸2Kg使其分层,收集上层粗产品(Z1),蒸馏得到脂肪酸类产品(Z2),下层滤液为Y3,及蒸馏渣为X3,下层滤液Y3与白液合并加入重金属助沉剂C丁基二硫代磷酸钠0.3Kg后分离去有害重金属,过滤,滤渣含重金属(X4),滤液Y4, 此下层滤液Y4废水进入臭氧-光催化D-生化系统E处理,紫外光催化剂E为氧化锌-氧化铜-二氧化钛ZnO-CuO-TiO2)5Kg、环状糊精-TiO2,3Kg,产生废渣(X5),合并到沉淀(X1)等,黑液沉淀(X1+X2)、蒸馏渣(X3)与滤渣废渣(X5)合并为F渣,向F渣中加入改性剂G过磷酸钙20Kg、尿素5Kg、硫酸钾10Kg后,发酵、熟化后用作植物营养剂,最后废水达标后排放或部分回用。
实施例3:某秸秆造纸废水
先向秸秆造纸黑液100 Kg中加入A药剂氧化钙4Kg、聚合硫酸铁4.5Kg、羧甲基纤维素0.4Kg,搅拌,过滤,过滤渣记作沉淀(X1),滤液记作Y1,滤液Y1回用碱煮工序5-10次后,又加A药剂氧化钙4Kg、聚合硫酸铁5Kg、羧甲基淀粉0.6Kg,又分离出沉淀(X2)及滤液Y2,滤液Y2加改性剂B磷酸3Kg使其分层,收集上层粗产品(Z1),蒸馏得到脂肪酸类产品(Z2),下层滤液为Y3,及蒸馏渣为X3,下层滤液Y3与白液合并加入重金属助沉剂C 8-羟基-喹啉1Kg后分离去有害重金属,过滤,滤渣含重金属(X4),滤液Y4, 此下层滤液Y4废水进入臭氧-光催化D-生化系统E处理,紫外光催化剂E为氧化锌-氧化铜-二氧化钛ZnO-CuO-TiO2)3Kg、活性炭-二氧化钛(AC-TiO2)2Kg、产生废渣(X5),合并到沉淀(X1)等,黑液沉淀(X1+X2)、蒸馏渣(X3)与滤渣废渣(X5)合并为F渣,向F渣中加入改性剂G、尿素5Kg、磷酸二氢钾15Kg、硫酸钾15Kg后,发酵、熟化后用作植物营养剂,最后废水达标后排放或部分回用。

Claims (7)

1.一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂和工艺,其特征在于,主要由以下工艺和药剂完成,先向造纸黑液中加入A药剂,搅拌,过滤,过滤渣记作沉淀(X1),滤液记作Y1,滤液Y1回用碱煮工序5-10次后,又加A药剂,又分离出沉淀(X2)及滤液Y2,滤液Y2加改性剂B使其分层,收集上层粗产品(Z1),蒸馏得到脂肪酸类产品(Z2),下层滤液为Y3,及蒸馏渣为X3,下层滤液Y3与白液合并加入重金属助沉剂C后分离去有害重金属,过滤,滤渣含重金属(X4),滤液Y4,此下层滤液Y4废水进入臭氧-光催化D-生化系统E处理,产生废渣(X5),合并到沉淀(X1)等,黑液沉淀(X1+X2)、蒸馏渣(X3)与滤渣废渣(X5)合并为F渣,向F渣中加入改性剂G后,发酵、熟化后用作植物营养剂,最后废水达标后排放或部分回用。
2.一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂和工艺,其特征在于,A药剂为氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙、电石渣、碳酸镁、氧化镁、淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、甲壳素、环状糊精、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺、聚合硫酸铁、聚合氯化铁、聚合氯化铁锌中的至少一种或任意三种的混合物,其用量为黑液废水用量的0.01%-20%。
3.一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂和工艺,其特征在于,B药剂为硫酸、盐酸、磷酸中的一种或任意二种的混合物,用量为废水量的0.01-20%。
4.一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂和工艺,其特征在于,C药剂为加沉降金属及重金属药剂如4-甲基-二巯基丁二钠、二巯基丙醇、5,8-二乙基-7-羟基-6-十二烷酮肟、5-十二烷基水杨醛肟、二丁基二硫代磷酸钠、二戊基二硫代磷酸钾、8-羟基喹啉中的至少一种或任意二种的混合物,用量为废水的0.01%-5%。
5.一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂和工艺,其特征在于,D过程为臭氧-光催化E-生化系统,其中臭氧-光催化工艺为,向去除有机质、脂肪酸、重金属的混合废水中通入5Kg-10Kg/m3(废水)的臭氧1-10小时,接着通入有紫外光灯及光催化剂E的光处理塔2-12小时,紫外光催化剂E为纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化铁-二氧化钛(Fe2O3-TiO2)、银-二氧化钛(Ag2O-TiO2)、氧化锰-二氧化钛(MnO2-TiO2)、氧化锌-二氧化钛(ZnO-TiO2)、氧化锌-氧化铜-二氧化钛ZnO-CuO-TiO2)、活性炭-二氧化钛(AC-TiO2)、环状糊精-TiO2中的一种或任意二种的混合物,用量为废水的0.01%-20%,再导入生化系统,水处理达标后,回用或排放。
6.一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂和工艺,其特征在于,G药剂为过磷酸钙、重过磷酸钙、尿素、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸钾、亚磷酸钾、硫酸铵等中的一种或任意二种的混合物,其用量为渣量的10-50%。
7.一种处理造纸过程产生的黑液、白液及废渣的药剂和工艺,其特征在于,其中A:B:C:G药剂用量相对废水为:0.01%-20%: 0.01-20%: 10-50%: 0.001%-20%。
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