CN114477343A - Ceramic solar panel for desalinating seawater and brackish water and heat exchanger thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic solar panel for desalinating seawater and brackish water and heat exchanger thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114477343A CN114477343A CN202210119548.2A CN202210119548A CN114477343A CN 114477343 A CN114477343 A CN 114477343A CN 202210119548 A CN202210119548 A CN 202210119548A CN 114477343 A CN114477343 A CN 114477343A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
Building a ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field in a desert, heating seawater or brackish water in the ceramic solar panel to more than 80 ℃ by sunlight, pumping the seawater or the brackish water into a vacuum tank or a low-pressure tank, evaporating the seawater or the brackish water in the vacuum tank or the low-pressure tank into vapor, introducing the vapor into a heat exchanger to exchange heat with newly-entered normal-temperature seawater or brackish water, condensing the vapor into fresh water, preheating the seawater or the brackish water newly-entered into the heat exchanger, and further heating the preheated seawater or the brackish water to more than 80 ℃ by the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field; the ceramic solar panel is used as a main corrosion-resistant part of the heat exchanger; the newly entered seawater or brackish water reaches a ceramic solar plate sunlight heat collection field through the hollow ceramic solar plates connected in series and in parallel in the heat exchanger after being preheated, is heated to more than 80 ℃ by sunlight and is diluted into fresh water, and the ceramic solar plates are adopted for sunlight heat collection and heat exchange of the heat exchanger, so that equipment can be simplified, the investment is reduced, and the service life of the heat exchanger is prolonged.
Description
(I) technical field
The application relates to a solar device and a heat exchanger, in particular to a heat exchanger for desalting seawater and brackish water by using a ceramic solar panel and desalting seawater and brackish water by using the ceramic solar panel.
(II) background of the invention
The Chinese native area is 144 hundred million mu, wherein 18 hundred million mu of cultivated land is cultivated, 25 hundred million mu of desert is cultivated, and part of grain feed is imported. The north water-storing regulation project proposes decades, and the planned water regulation is 200-billion cubic meters, until the desert in Xinjiang, a large reservoir, hundreds-kilometers of large tunnels, diversion channels and the like need to be built, the project amount is large, the manway is rare along the way, the geological structure is complex, the seismic zone can be crossed, the gradual test, the verification, the staged propulsion and the realization are difficult, the whole line communication is needed, and the verification can be carried out in case of days, so that the theory and the implementation are difficult for decades. China is mountainous, cold plateau, lack of cultivated land, and desert development affairs state develops fate. Bitter and salty water commonly existing in northwest desert regions seriously affects the livelihood, and desalination treatment is also needed.
In recent years, with the deep progress and development of petroleum exploration in Xinjiang, people find, calculate and consider that about 200 billionth cubic meters of bitter saline water exists in the underground of the desert in south Xinjiang, and the quantity of the bitter saline water is about 10 times of that of water in Begalhu or five great lakes in North America, and related reports are found. The annual precipitation of China is about 2 billion cubic meters, the ground water resource is about 2.8 billion cubic meters, the annual water consumption is about 7000 billion cubic meters, the desert development is in the national and national future, and the desert development or other schemes of northwest Tibetan water adjustment or bitter and salty water desalination are adopted, so that the desert development or other schemes can gradually become things needing to be seriously discussed, researched and tested.
Generally, the existing agricultural water-saving technology, under-mulch agriculture and the like are considered, about 2000 billions of cubic meters of fresh water can develop the desert in China and can reproduce the agriculture in China, and if 200 billions of cubic meters of bitter saline water really exists, the ecological environment of the desert region in China cannot be deteriorated but the ecological environment can be optimized by gradual test, verification, staged propulsion and annual extraction and desalination of 2000 billions of cubic meters of fresh water.
Only about 40 ten thousand square kilometers of desert in southern Xinjiang plain is equivalent to the area in North China, which lives 4 hundred million people in China.
The desert in China is mainly located between 30 and 40 degrees north latitude in the northwest region of China, belongs to the desert at the middle latitude, and has more bitter saline water underground, millions of residents exist in the total area of millions of square kilometers, and the desalination of the bitter saline water is one of the methods for developing the desert. North and southThe American, south and north Africa, Arabian peninsula, India peninsula and Australian desert are located between 15-35 degrees of south and north latitude, belong to middle and low latitude desert, have total area of about 2000 kilometres squared and hundreds of millions of residents, have strong sunlight all year round and sunlight energy of about 2 barrels of crude oil/m2Year is 120 kg standard coal/m2Annual sunlight energy is about 3 times, and is the most concentrated region of global solar energy, most of the deserts are endangered by oceans, and seawater desalination is one of methods for developing deserts.
At present, a large-scale distillation method and a permeable membrane method are mainly adopted for desalting seawater and brackish water, the energy consumption and the cost of the large-scale distillation method and the permeable membrane method are higher, the seawater and the brackish water are desalted by using renewable energy sources with low cost in carbon neutralization background for decades in the future.
The sunlight is relatively sufficient in desert regions at home and abroad, and the seawater and brackish water desalination by utilizing the sunlight energy is a development direction. At present, the main sunlight utilization devices are photovoltaic power generation, light-gathering heat collection photo-thermal power generation and a plane heat collection traditional solar water heater.
The large-scale distillation method is used for desalting seawater and brackish water, the seawater and the brackish water need to be heated to more than 80 ℃ and enter a large-scale vacuum tank or a low-pressure tank, the seawater and the brackish water are evaporated and converted into vapor, and the vapor is condensed into fresh water through a heat exchanger.
The example that the large-scale heating cost of electricity to coal and gas to coal in rural areas of China is several times that of coal-fired heating, so that part of farmers are difficult to heat, and the government is difficult to bear long-term subsidies preliminarily explains that even the electric energy with the flat price or slightly lower than the flat price is difficult to be converted into low-cost 80-120 ℃ medium-temperature heat energy in the near future. It is uneconomical to heat and desalinate seawater and brackish water by using the electric energy of photovoltaic power generation and light-gathering and heat-collecting photo-thermal power generation.
The traditional plane heat collection solar water heater can heat water to more than 80 ℃ and even more than 100 ℃, but has the following problems that 1, a sunlight absorption film of the traditional solar water heater is difficult to bear 80-120 ℃ of medium temperature for a long time 2, the sunlight absorption film of the traditional solar water heater is difficult to bear seawater and salt fog corrosion in brackish water ambient air for a long time 3, metal materials of a heating channel of the traditional solar water heater, including stainless steel, are difficult to bear seawater and brackish water corrosion for a long time 4, vacuum glass tubes are mostly blind tubes, impurities in the seawater and the brackish water are easy to deposit in the blind tubes, and a fluid channel, a sunlight heat collection surface and the like are reduced quickly.
1. The sunlight absorption film of the traditional solar water heater is difficult to bear the medium temperature of 80-120 ℃ for a long time. Referring to fig. 14, 15, 16 and 17, fig. 14, 15, 16 and 17 are metal flat plate solar water heaters built in the first professional school of the Tibetan lossa city in 2020, which provide heating in winter and have good effect, but after 2021 years of sun irradiation in summer, the sunlight absorption film of the solar water heater is generally damaged under strong sun irradiation in the Tibetan summer, and the solar water heater is basically scrapped.
FIGS. 18, 19, 20 and 21 show the 22000m in the Tibet Lanka county2The traditional solar water heater is used for providing heating system in county winter, in order to prevent strong sunlight in summer from damaging the sunlight absorption layer of the solar water heater, the solar water heater is stopped in summer, and a covering is used for covering 22000m2Traditional solar water heater to protect 22000m2The sunlight absorption layer of the traditional solar water heater also indicates that the traditional solar water heater with the plane heat collection is difficult to apply at medium temperature.
FIG. 26 is a graph of the sunlight intensity distribution for both the south and south of the country, and FIG. 27 is a graph of the sunlight intensity distribution for the world, wherein the darker the color, the higher the sunlight intensity. It can be seen from the attached figure 26 that the regions with the most intense sunlight in our country are the regions of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, inner Mongolia and the like, and the sunlight intensity in the region of Jinan is far lower than that in the regions of Tibet with high radiation. From FIG. 27, it can be seen that the world has the highest intensity of sunlight and the largest area is a large number of desert regions in North-south Africa, the middle east, south Asia, Australia, and North-south America.
2. The sunlight absorption film of the traditional solar water heater is difficult to bear salt fog corrosion in seawater and brackish water environment air for a long time. Referring to fig. 22, 23, 24 and 25, fig. 22, 23, 24 and 25 show that the solar water heater is a traditional solar water heater used by Shandong Haiyang Huanghai aquatic research institute for one year, and the sunlight absorption layer of the solar water heater is generally faded only one year due to the difficulty in bearing coastal salt spray corrosion, so that the efficiency of the solar water heater is greatly reduced.
From the attached figure 27, it can be seen that most of desert regions in south-north Africa, the middle east, south Asia, Australia and south-north America are close to the ocean, the seawater can be desalinated to transform the desert into cultivated land, but the salt spray corrosion problem also exists.
The traditional solar water heating system is various vacuum glass tube solar water heating systems and metal flat plate solar water heating systems, wherein the solar absorption film is chemical substances coated on the surfaces of glass and metal at normal temperature, the chemical substances do not form stable mineral composition, the performance is unstable, the sunlight absorption ratio gradually attenuates under the irradiation of sunlight, the higher the water temperature is, the faster the attenuation is, the water temperature reaches 80-100 ℃, the attenuation speed of the solar absorption film is obviously accelerated, and the average actual service life of the traditional solar water heating system in the central area is less than 10 years; the main materials of the traditional solar water heating system are borosilicate glass and metals such as copper, aluminum, iron and the like, the melting temperature of the borosilicate glass is about 1600 ℃, the energy consumption of melting and electrolysis of the metals such as copper, aluminum, iron and the like is equal to or higher than 1600 ℃, the manufacturing energy consumption is high, and the general production cost is also high; because the traditional solar energy absorption film has high attenuation speed, the glass tube is easy to break, the metal welding seam is easy to corrode, and the traditional solar water heating system has higher use and maintenance cost.
In 1984, the vanadium-titanium black porcelain is invented by industrial waste vanadium extraction tailings with the output of China accounting for more than 60% of the world, the patent certificate invented by 10 countries such as China, American Ri, English, Fade Australia and the like is obtained, the black ceramic wall and floor tiles produced by dozens of factories and sold globally in China are all vanadium-titanium black porcelain products, and the ceramic curved surface building decorative plate invented on the basis of the vanadium-titanium black porcelain can obtain the second-class prize of the national technical invention. The vanadium-titanium black ceramic composite ceramic solar panel is invented in 2006, is called ceramic solar panel for short, is integrally fired at 1200 ℃ and is an all-ceramic product, 2006 plus 2021 obtains 45 patent certificates of Australia in Zhongri, the ceramic solar panel is an all-ceramic hollow product, a substrate is made of common ceramic, a surface three-dimensional microporous vanadium-titanium black ceramic forms a sunlight trap, and a glaze layer is arranged in the ceramic solar panel; low cost, high efficiency, high temperature resistance, full aqueous medium, no scaling, and zero pollution in production and use. The common ceramic is one of engineering materials with the lowest cost and the longest service life, and the vanadium-titanium black ceramic is a solar energy absorbing material with the lowest cost and the longest service life. The ceramic solar panel has the advantages of no corrosion, no aging, no fading, no performance attenuation, no theoretical life, and permanent safety to the environment.
The ceramic solar panel takes clay and vanadium extraction tailings with the output of China accounting for more than 60 percent of the whole world as raw materials, the production process is simple, the cost is low, the efficiency is high, the ceramic solar panel is not aged or attenuated at 600 ℃, the theoretical life is not prolonged, the ceramic solar panel is completely aqueous medium and is simple to use, and the planar heat collection recording water temperature of the ceramic solar panel in the summer of Jinan is 112 ℃, and actually reaches 120 ℃. The ceramic wall and floor tiles and ceramic sanitary wares in China have the global production capacity of 30-50%, are supplied and demanded more, mostly operate with low benefits, and can be changed into ceramic solar panels. The ceramic solar panel has obtained 45 patent certificates at home and abroad, China has all intellectual property rights and can become a basic product for applying solar energy in large scale and at low cost globally, the ceramic solar panel is detected in 2016 of Poland science and technology university, and solar irradiation is 1000W/m2The efficiency is 65%, the service life is considered to be 100 years, the application cost is several times lower than that of the current common heat collector, and the attached drawings 28 and 29 show English and Chinese versions of ceramic solar panels detected by Poland technology university 2016. Compared with the traditional plane heat collection solar product, the ceramic solar panel has the advantages that the service cost is reduced by times and the application of plane heat collection medium temperature is realized only due to the service life and the high temperature resistance of the ceramic solar panel.
The ceramic solar panel is an all-ceramic hollow product, has the surface of vanadium-titanium black ceramic and the inner wall of a glaze layer, is not corroded, aged, attenuated, high-temperature resistant, high in efficiency, low in cost, full of aqueous medium, not scaled and free of theoretical life, is a solar product with the lowest total life cycle cost (TCO), and is listed in the national building material industry standard. The temperature of the recorded water can reach 120 ℃ in the plane heat collection in summer of Jinan and 65 ℃ in winter. The application demonstration of greenhouse, methane tank, building heating and heating has been carried out. Can be used for refrigeration, medium-temperature power generation, seawater desalination and brackish water transformation of desert into cultivated land. The existing photovoltaic annual capacity of China is 500 square kilometers, the annual capacity of China only needs 1 ten thousand square kilometers, China can locally transform the traditional ceramic industry with surplus capacity of China at low investment to quickly become a novel energy industry for producing thousands of square kilometers of annual low-cost ceramic solar panels, the novel energy industry is used for carbon neutralization in a large scale, the scale of the novel energy industry can be equivalent to the petroleum industry and the coal industry, and the generated heat energy can be used for desalting seawater and brackish water to transform domestic and foreign deserts into cultivated lands.
At present, the sunlight absorption film of the traditional solar water heater is difficult to bear strong sunlight for a long time, such as the sunlight in desert regions with low latitude at home and abroad in Tibet; it is difficult to withstand corrosion such as salt spray and moisture in coastal areas for a long period of time. The ceramic solar panel can bear sunlight at 600 ℃ without attenuation, can bear various intensities of sunlight for a long time, and has higher sunlight intensity and higher efficiency; can bear corrosion with various strengths for a long time, and has larger application range and application scale.
The attached figure 1 is a ceramic solar panel, the attached figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 are demonstration that the ceramic solar panel is used for building a ceramic solar roof, the national rural clean heating is nearly 6 years, the scheme of replacing coal by electricity and coal by gas is mainly adopted, the ceramic solar panel is not really clean heating, the high-grade energy is unreasonable when being used for low-temperature heating, the heating cost of electricity and natural gas is multiple than that of coal heating, farmers and governments cannot bear the ceramic solar panel economically for a long time, and the ceramic solar panel can not be widely and stably applied nationwide even if the great cost is paid in 10 years.
50m2The solar energy of the ceramic solar roof is equivalent to 6 tons of standard coal every year, the ceramic solar roof can provide a heating effect equivalent to 2 tons of common coal in winter for nonstandard heat-preservation peasant households, an application example is provided, if relevant policies such as national critical house transformation assistance, clean heating and the like are advocated and fully utilized by the government, 10% of the ceramic solar roof is dispersedly transformed and constructed every year, the clean heating basic heat energy provided by the ceramic solar roof on one slope for the peasant households can be basically and gradually realized about 10 years, the core of solar energy utilization is the construction cost and the use cost, and the construction cost of the ceramic solar roof on one slope for the critical household transformation or the newly-built peasant households can be zero and is lower than the use cost of coal burning. Under the full demonstration, farmers have the initiative of active reconstruction and construction. More than 90% of the farmhouses in China are self-built farmhouses. Only after becoming the initiative of farmers, China can really solve the problem of rural clean heating.
The television station in Shandong, 9.19.2014 broadcasts a 18-minute video of 'searching for a ceramic solar roof for thirty years', the central television station in 3.12.2015 broadcasts a 25-minute video of 'warm ceramic', and the titles are put into the network to see the video content, principle, construction process, heating effect and significance of the ceramic solar panel roof.
The attached figures 6 and 7 show that the ceramic solar panel is used for heating a 168-group greenhouse of Nonakai Su of military team of Xinjiang construction, the temperature is-32 ℃ at the lowest temperature outside the greenhouse and 6-34 ℃ in the greenhouse in 2018 for 1 month.
Fig. 8 and 9 show a ceramic solar roof constructed in the south of Shandong Jinan, which records the water temperature of 112 ℃ in summer and can reach 120 ℃ and discharges a large amount of water vapor.
Fig. 10 and 11 show the ceramic solar panel bearing tests, and the ceramic solar panel can bear the pressure of 1Mpa, namely 10 atmospheres.
Disclosure of the invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows:
at present, the basic process for desalinating seawater and brackish water on a large scale by a distillation method is as follows: the seawater or brackish water is heated to above 80 ℃, hot water is pumped into a vacuum tank or a low-pressure tank, the hot water is evaporated and gasified into steam, the steam is guided into a heat exchanger to exchange heat with newly-entered normal-temperature seawater or brackish water, the steam is condensed into fresh water, the newly-entered normal-temperature seawater or brackish water is preheated and then is further heated to above 80 ℃, the existing heat exchanger for the seawater or the brackish water is made of stainless steel or titanium alloy, the manufacturing cost is very high, the service life is still not long enough, and the seawater or the brackish water is difficult to bear the corrosion of the seawater or the brackish water for a long time.
The invention aims to heat seawater or brackish water to more than 80 ℃ by using a ceramic solar panel which has the advantages of planar heat collection, low cost and no theoretical life, and the ceramic solar panel is used as a main corrosion-resistant part for passing the seawater or the brackish water in a heat exchanger, so that the seawater and the brackish water are desalted by using low-cost renewable energy sources, and the desert is transformed into cultivated land. The ceramic solar panel is applied to a sunlight absorption system and a heat exchanger, so that equipment can be simplified, investment can be reduced, and the service life of the equipment can be prolonged.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a large-scale ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field is built on the desert in the modes of attached figures 1-5 in the middle and low latitude desert regions of northwest desert, south and north American, south and north Africa, Arabian peninsula, India peninsula, Australia and the like in China, the seawater or brackish water passing through the ceramic solar panel in the ceramic solar panel solar heat collection field is heated to more than 80 ℃ by local strong sunlight, the seawater or brackish water heated to more than 80 ℃ is pumped into a vacuum tank or a low-pressure tank, evaporating hot water in a vacuum tank or a low-pressure tank to gasify the steam into steam, introducing the steam into a heat exchanger shown in the attached figures 12 and 13 to exchange heat with newly-entered normal-temperature seawater or brackish water, condensing the steam into fresh water, preheating the seawater or the brackish water newly-entered into the heat exchanger through a ceramic solar panel in the heat exchanger, and further heating the preheated seawater or the brackish water to more than 80 ℃ by the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field; the heat exchanger consists of a ceramic solar panel 1, a connecting pipeline 2, a shell 4, a heat-insulating layer 5, inlet and outlet pipe orifices 6, 7, 8 and 9; the ceramic solar panel is used as a main corrosion-resistant part of the heat exchanger; the newly entered seawater or brackish water reaches a sunlight heat collection field of the ceramic solar panel through the hollow ceramic solar panels connected in series and in parallel in the heat exchanger, the seawater or brackish water heated to the temperature of more than 80 ℃ by sunlight is pumped into the vacuum tank or the low-pressure tank, the hot water is evaporated and gasified into water vapor, the water vapor enters the heat exchanger and is cooled by the newly entered seawater or brackish water and is condensed into fresh water, and the ceramic solar panel is applied to a sunlight absorption system and the heat exchanger, so that parts can be commonly used, equipment is simplified, investment is reduced, and the service life of the heat exchanger is prolonged.
The size of the ceramic solar plate is 700 mm x 25 mm to 1000 mm x 30 mm, the water vapor and hot fresh water in the heat exchanger exchange heat with the fresh-entering normal-temperature seawater and brackish water in the heat exchanger, and the distance between the planes of the ceramic solar plates in the heat exchanger is 5 mm to 50 mm. The connecting pipe in the heat exchanger is made of rubber, plastic or metal pipe with corrosion resistance and temperature resistance higher than 100 ℃, and the shell of the heat exchanger is made of stainless steel or common steel plate with a corrosion-resistant coating.
(IV) description of the drawings
The features of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a ceramic solar panel, which is a hollow all-ceramic product, the substrate is made of ordinary ceramic, the surface is a vanadium-titanium black ceramic sunlight absorption layer, and the inner wall is provided with an enamel layer.
Fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are photographs of ceramic solar roofs constructed by the ceramic solar panels.
Fig. 6 is a photograph of a greenhouse for planting short crops, in which a ceramic solar panel is installed on the north wall to absorb sunlight to heat water in a heat-insulating water tank, and the greenhouse is heated with hot water at night.
Fig. 7 is a photograph of a green house transformed into a ceramic solar roof under which mushrooms are grown, which heats up the adjacent 5 green houses.
Fig. 8 is a photograph of a ceramic solar roof constructed in deng of Shandong, where water temperature exceeds 100 ℃ in summer and a large amount of water vapor is sprayed.
Fig. 9 is a photograph of the ceramic solar roof, which shows that the water temperature reaches 112 ℃ in summer, and the actual water temperature reaches 120 ℃.
Fig. 10 is a photograph of a ceramic solar panel undergoing a withstand voltage test.
FIG. 11 is a photograph showing that the withstand voltage of the ceramic solar panel reaches 1.073MPa, i.e., 10.73 atm.
Fig. 12 is a front view of a heat exchanger designed for use in a seawater and brackish water desalination system using ceramic solar panels.
Fig. 13 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a photograph showing that a conventional metal flat plate solar water heater for heating in winter was constructed in 2020 by the first vocational school in lata, tibetan, and the heating in winter was excellent in 2020, but the sunlight-absorbing film of the solar water heater was changed in color and white spots under strong sunlight irradiation in summer 2021, tibetan.
Fig. 15 is a close-up photograph of the solar water heater in which the solar absorbing film is discolored and white.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged photograph of the above-mentioned white spot.
Fig. 17 is a photograph of a waste part in the above-described conventional metal flat plate solar water heater.
FIG. 18 is 22000m in Cinchang Cassia county2The traditional solar water heater is used for providing photos of residents in county and city in winter, and the upper right corner of the photo is 3 thousands of people in county and city.
FIG. 19 is 22000m in Cinchang Cassia county2Photograph of traditional solar water heater 2020 during heating in winter
FIG. 20 shows the city of the Tibet Lanka county 22000m2The traditional solar water heater is stopped in summer to prevent strong sunlight in summer from damaging the sunlight absorption layer of the solar water heater, and is covered by a covering of 22000m2Traditional solar water heater to protect 22000m2The sunlight absorption layer of the traditional solar water heater, namely the plane heat collection traditional solar water heater, is difficult to be applied at medium temperature.
Fig. 21 is a close-up view of fig. 20.
Fig. 22 is a photograph of a conventional solar water heater used by Shandong Haiyang Huanghai aquatic research institute for one year.
Fig. 23, 24 and 25 are photographs of the sunlight absorption layer of the conventional solar water heater used in the Shandong sea Yang yellow sea aquatic product research institute for one year, and the sunlight absorption layer of the solar water heater is generally discolored only one year due to the difficulty in withstanding coastal salt spray corrosion, so that the efficiency of the solar water heater is greatly reduced.
FIG. 26 is a plot of the intensity of sunlight for both the south and the country, where the darker the color, the higher the intensity of the sunlight. It can be seen from the attached figure 26 that the regions with the most intense sunlight in our country are Qinghai-Tibet plateau, inner Mongolia region and the like, and the sunlight intensity in the region of the south of Ji is far lower than that in the regions with high radiation such as Tibet. According to the picture of fig. 9, the water temperature of the ceramic solar roof in the south of china reaches 112 ℃ in summer, and can reach higher temperature in the north and the west of China.
FIG. 27 is a global solar intensity profile in which the darker the color the higher the solar intensity. The world is seen to have the highest intensity and largest area of sunlight in a number of desert regions in north and south africa, the middle east, south asia, australia, north and south america. The water temperature of the ceramic solar roof in the south of China reaches 112 ℃ in summer, and can reach higher temperature in a large number of desert regions in south and north Africa, the middle east, south Asia, Australia and south and north America.
Fig. 28 and 29 show english and chinese versions of ceramic solar panels tested by the polish science university in 2016. Compared with the traditional plane heat collection solar product, the ceramic solar panel has the advantages that the service cost is reduced by times and the application of plane heat collection medium temperature is realized only due to the service life and the high temperature resistance of the ceramic solar panel.
In the figure:
1-ceramic solar panel 2-connecting pipe 3-vapor and condensed fresh water 4-heat exchanger shell 5-heat exchanger heat-insulating layer 6-vapor inlet pipe 7-fresh water outlet pipe 8-normal temperature sea water or brackish water inlet pipe 9-preheated sea water or brackish water outlet pipe
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
1. Building a ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field in Xinjiang desert in China, heating extracted underground brackish water to 85 ℃ by local strong sunlight through the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field, pumping the heated brackish water into a low-pressure tank, evaporating the heated brackish water in the low-pressure tank into steam, introducing the steam into a heat exchanger to exchange heat with newly-entered normal-temperature brackish water, condensing the steam into fresh water, preheating the brackish water newly-entered into the heat exchanger, and further heating the preheated brackish water to 85 ℃ by the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field; the heat exchanger consists of a ceramic solar panel 1, a connecting pipeline 2, a shell 4, a heat-insulating layer 5, inlet and outlet pipe orifices 6, 7, 8 and 9; the ceramic solar panel is used as a main corrosion-resistant part of the heat exchanger; the newly entered seawater or brackish water is preheated by hollow ceramic solar plates connected in series and in parallel in a heat exchanger to reach a sunlight heat collection field of the ceramic solar plates, the brackish water heated to 85 ℃ by sunlight is pumped into a low-pressure tank, the hot water is evaporated and gasified into water vapor, the water vapor enters the heat exchanger and is cooled by the newly entered seawater or brackish water to be condensed into fresh water, the size of the ceramic solar plates is 700 mm multiplied by 25 mm, and the distance between the planes of the ceramic solar plates in the heat exchanger is 5 mm.
2. Building a large-scale ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field in a Saudi Arabia low-latitude desert area of an Arabian peninsula, heating seawater or brackish water in a ceramic solar panel in the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field to 90 ℃ by local strong sunlight, pumping the seawater or the brackish water into a vacuum tank or a low-pressure tank, evaporating the hot water in the vacuum tank or the low-pressure tank to form vapor, introducing the vapor into a heat exchanger shown in figures 12 and 13 to exchange heat with newly-entered normal-temperature seawater or brackish water, condensing the vapor into fresh water, preheating the seawater or the brackish water newly-entered into the heat exchanger, and further heating the preheated seawater or the brackish water to 90 ℃ by the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field; the heat exchanger consists of a ceramic solar panel 1, a connecting pipeline 2, a shell 4, a heat-insulating layer 5, inlet and outlet pipe orifices 6, 7, 8 and 9; the ceramic solar panel is used as a main corrosion-resistant part of the heat exchanger; the newly entered seawater or brackish water passes through the hollow ceramic solar plates connected in series in the heat exchanger, is preheated to reach the sunlight heat collection field of the ceramic solar plates, the seawater or brackish water heated to be more than 90 ℃ by sunlight is pumped into the vacuum tank or the low-pressure tank, the hot water is evaporated and gasified into steam, and the steam enters the heat exchanger and is cooled by the newly entered seawater or brackish water and is condensed into fresh water. The size of the ceramic solar panel is 800 mm multiplied by 25 mm, the water vapor and the hot fresh water which run in the heat exchanger exchange heat with the fresh entering normal temperature sea water and the brackish water which run in the ceramic solar panel in the heat exchanger, and the distance between the planes of the ceramic solar panels in the heat exchanger is 20 mm. The connecting pipeline in the heat exchanger adopts a corrosion-resistant plastic pipe, and the shell of the heat exchanger adopts a common steel plate with a Teflon coating on the inner surface.
3. A large-scale ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field is built in a low-latitude desert area in Australia, local strong sunlight is used for heating seawater or brackish water in a ceramic solar panel in the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field to 95 ℃, the seawater or the brackish water is pumped into a vacuum tank or a low-pressure tank, hot water in the vacuum tank or the low-pressure tank is evaporated and gasified into vapor, the vapor is led into a heat exchanger shown in attached figures 12 and 13 to exchange heat with newly-entered normal-temperature seawater or brackish water, the vapor is condensed into fresh water, the seawater or the brackish water newly-entered into the heat exchanger is preheated, and the preheated seawater or the brackish water is further heated to 95 ℃ by the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field; the heat exchanger consists of a ceramic solar panel 1, a connecting pipeline 2, a shell 4, a heat-insulating layer 5, inlet and outlet pipe orifices 6, 7, 8 and 9; the ceramic solar panel is used as a main corrosion-resistant part of the heat exchanger; the newly entered seawater or brackish water passes through the hollow ceramic solar plates connected in series in the heat exchanger, is preheated to reach the sunlight heat collection field of the ceramic solar plates, the seawater or brackish water heated to be higher than 95 ℃ by sunlight is pumped into the vacuum tank or the low-pressure tank, the hot water is evaporated and gasified into steam, and the steam enters the heat exchanger and is cooled by the newly entered seawater or brackish water and is condensed into fresh water. The size of the ceramic solar panel is 1000 mm multiplied by 30 mm, the water vapor and the hot fresh water which run in the heat exchanger exchange heat with the fresh entering normal temperature sea water and the brackish water which run in the ceramic solar panel in the heat exchanger, and the distance between the planes of the ceramic solar panels in the heat exchanger is 50 mm. The connecting pipeline in the heat exchanger adopts a corrosion-resistant rubber pipe, and the shell of the heat exchanger adopts a common steel plate with a Teflon coating on the inner surface.
Claims (4)
1. The ceramic solar panel is used for desalinating seawater, brackish water and a heat exchanger thereof, and is characterized in that a ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field is built on a desert, the seawater or brackish water in the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field is heated to more than 80 ℃ by local strong sunlight and pumped into a vacuum tank or a low-pressure tank, hot water in the vacuum tank or the low-pressure tank is evaporated and gasified into vapor, the vapor is led into the heat exchanger to exchange heat with the newly-entered normal-temperature seawater or brackish water, the vapor is condensed into fresh water, the newly-entered seawater or brackish water reaches the ceramic solar panel sunlight heat collection field through the hollow ceramic solar panels connected in series and parallel in the heat exchanger after being preheated, is heated to more than 80 ℃ by the sunlight and pumped into the vacuum tank or the low-pressure tank, the hot water is evaporated and gasified into the vapor, and the vapor enters the heat exchanger to be cooled by the newly-entered seawater or brackish water, the ceramic solar panel is condensed into fresh water, and can be used for common parts when being applied to a sunlight absorption system and a heat exchanger, so that the equipment is simplified, the investment is reduced, and the service life of the heat exchanger is prolonged.
2. The ceramic solar panel for desalinating seawater, brackish water and heat exchangers thereof according to claim 1, wherein the size of the ceramic solar panel for desalinating seawater, brackish water and heat exchangers thereof is 700 mm x 25 mm to 1000 mm x 30 mm.
3. The ceramic solar panel for desalinating seawater, brackish water and heat exchangers thereof according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the planes of the ceramic solar panels in the heat exchanger is 5 mm to 50 mm.
4. The ceramic solar panel used for desalinating seawater and brackish water and the heat exchanger thereof according to claim 1, wherein the connecting pipes in the heat exchanger are made of corrosion-resistant rubber, plastic and metal pipes with the temperature of 100 ℃ or higher, and the shell of the heat exchanger is made of stainless steel or common steel plate with corrosion-resistant coating.
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Citations (6)
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| CN1114950A (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 1996-01-17 | 北京市西城区新开通用试验厂 | Combined solar apparatus for seawater desalination and heat supply |
| CN101723476A (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2010-06-09 | 上海交通大学 | Seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation |
| CN101891267A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-24 | 曹树梁 | Method for generating power and desalting seawater or bitter saline water at same time by using ceramic solar panel |
| CN102331096A (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2012-01-25 | 曹树梁 | Solar water heating system with ceramic sun panel operated and controlled by single water pump |
| JP2013083235A (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-05-09 | Teruaki Okunishi | Solar power generator with hot water effect |
| CN109489134A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-19 | 东南大学 | One kind is based on the steam distilled solar energy solution regeneration system of pressure |
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2022
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1114950A (en) * | 1994-07-12 | 1996-01-17 | 北京市西城区新开通用试验厂 | Combined solar apparatus for seawater desalination and heat supply |
| CN101723476A (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2010-06-09 | 上海交通大学 | Seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation |
| CN101891267A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-24 | 曹树梁 | Method for generating power and desalting seawater or bitter saline water at same time by using ceramic solar panel |
| CN102331096A (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2012-01-25 | 曹树梁 | Solar water heating system with ceramic sun panel operated and controlled by single water pump |
| JP2013083235A (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-05-09 | Teruaki Okunishi | Solar power generator with hot water effect |
| CN109489134A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-19 | 东南大学 | One kind is based on the steam distilled solar energy solution regeneration system of pressure |
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