CN114472985B - Large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and rear guide - Google Patents
Large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and rear guide Download PDFInfo
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- CN114472985B CN114472985B CN202111463001.6A CN202111463001A CN114472985B CN 114472985 B CN114472985 B CN 114472985B CN 202111463001 A CN202111463001 A CN 202111463001A CN 114472985 B CN114472985 B CN 114472985B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/0018—Drills for enlarging a hole
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/009—Stepped drills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/08—Drills combined with tool parts or tools for performing additional working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
Abstract
A large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and back guide belongs to the design field of step reaming tools for airplane components. The tool is simple in structure, the existing tooling equipment is not required to be changed, the tool can be directly used for the existing tooling equipment only by redesigning the tool, the original front 3 tools are drilled and reamed by one hinge through the change of the invention, the new third-order tool and the new last tool are integrated on one tool, the matching hole making quality of the new third-order tool and the new last tool meets the requirements, the scheme is successful, 4 aircraft are produced in a month for calculation, the tool using time of two aircraft can be saved each year, and meanwhile, the whole purchasing cost of the tools is reduced by half of the tools. The invention effectively supports project efficiency improvement, reduces cutter purchase cost and achieves the expected aim. At present, the set of cutters are put into use for more than 20 frames, and no problem is found.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is used for processing high-precision intersection point holes with the diameter of a final hole which is larger than phi 20mm and the tolerance of 0.04mm and is required to be processed after large parts are assembled into large parts, and particularly relates to a novel large-size high-precision stepped reaming tool with front and rear guides.
Background
The original 4 finished machining tools for the ARJ vertical-tail horizontal-tail intersection point holes are in a two-drill two-hinge configuration mode, so that the problem is solved for small-batch trial-manufacture products, the use frequency of the tools is greatly increased by several times or even tens of times after the products enter a mass production stage, the existing tools are worn and aged fast (the hole walls are scratched after the tools are worn and aged, the front end of a certain vertical-tail horizontal-tail intersection point hole is damaged due to the tool problem, the vertical tail is scrapped due to narrowly) and the problem of frequent 2 times of tool changing are solved, great hidden danger is brought to the quality of the products, the time for occupying large-scale industrial equipment is long, and the bottleneck is brought to the improvement of project efficiency. The hole making quality of the holes is related to success and failure of assembly of the whole airplane section, and also influences whether the subsequent assembly and debugging of the large section of the airplane is successful, once the problem occurs, the repair is difficult, the assembly and the debugging of the airplane section are extremely difficult, and even the whole section is scrapped. Causing great economic losses and resulting customer dissatisfaction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that under the condition of keeping the existing equipment and tools unchanged, the design form and parameters of a large-scale finished machining tool are changed by developing and optimizing the tool with relatively small value, so that the number of tools used for machining is reduced, the purchase cost of the tools is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
The aperture of the primary hole of the existing part is 32.03-32.08mm, the machining sizes of the existing cutters are 33.5mm, 34.5mm, 34.75mm and 34.93mm respectively, and because the final hole is a high-precision hole with the tolerance of 0.04mm, in order to ensure the important size, the last cutter is a precision reaming cutter, the front three cutters can be optimized only, the cutter is provided with 2 front and back guiding with different diameters, the total length of the step blade is within 10mm, otherwise, the cutter collides with a tool or the cutter cannot come out completely (a through hole is not punched).
Said intermediate hole reaching 34.75 mm.
The cutter reaches a middle hole of 34.75mm, but the cutter feeding amount of a single cutter is overlarge and exceeds the maximum power of an automatic feeding drill, so that the cutter is clamped, the service life of the cutter edge is seriously reduced, the cutter is not easy to break, and the surface quality is not easy to ensure.
The step cutter adopting the 2-step form has the following problems: if the cutting quantity of the rear edge of the step is too large, chips are accumulated between the front edge and the rear edge, the chips damage the hole wall and generate faults, if the cutting quantity of the front edge is large, the stress condition of the cutter is similar to that of a single edge, and if the cutting quantity of the front edge and the rear edge is similar, the stress condition of the two edges is similar, so that the cutter can be shaken in the processing process.
The spiral edge three-step ladder cutter with the feeding chamfer at small intervals is theoretically feasible.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the original front 3 cutters are drilled with one hinge, and are integrated on one cutter, and the large-size high-precision step reaming cutter with front and back guide meets the following requirements:
1) The lengths of the rear guide and the cutting section of the cutter are consistent, the difference is not more than 1mm, the minimum length of the rear guide and the cutting section is 2-3 mm longer than that of a machining material, and the diameter of the rear guide is 2mm larger than that of the machining aperture;
2) The effective cutting length in the cutting section is limited by the product structure and the equipment space, and the total length of the step section cannot exceed 10 mm; a rear guide buffer area is arranged between the cutting section and the rear guide, and the rear guide buffer area is 2mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the cutting section;
3) The cutter handle is required to ensure that the distance between the rear guide of the cutter and the forefront end of the power device is 5-10 mm longer than the effective cutting length of the cutter and the total length of the shoulder of the tool bushing, and the cutter handle is 2mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the reserved hole;
4) A10 mm leading buffer zone is reserved between the cutting section and the leading, and the leading buffer zone is 2mm smaller than the leading diameter;
5) The leading should be 20-40mm longer than the trailing and cutting segments;
6) The processing precision of the front guide and the rear guide cannot be lower than h7, and the jumping amount is smaller than 0.01mm;
7) The cutting edge is limited by the total length of 10mm, the single edge length of the third-order cutting edge is 1.4mm, excessive feed chamfer angles are arranged between each step, and the front angle and the main rear angle of the cutter are required to be confirmed according to the machining materials;
8) The cutter body material should be more than 40 Cr;
9) The oil grooves adopt 45-degree spiral grooves, and the number of the oil grooves is 2-3;
10 The cutter connecting hole is formed in the cutter handle, the diameter of the connecting pin is not smaller than 10mm, the connecting pin needs to be in interference fit with the cutter connecting hole, and the connecting pin is prevented from falling off in the machining process.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. The tool is simple in structure, the existing tool equipment is not required to be changed, the tool can be directly used for the existing tool equipment by redesigning the tool, the original front 3 tools are drilled and hinged by two pairs through the change of the tool, the new third-order tool and the new last tool are integrated on one tool, the matching hole making quality of the new third-order tool and the new last tool meets the requirements, meanwhile, the success of the scheme is that the number of times of tool changing is reduced for 2 times on one side, and the total number of times of tool changing is 4 on both sides, because 3-5 persons are required for hole making of the horizontal tail intersection point holes of the vertical tail, the total time of single person is saved for more than 3 hours after the change, the total time is about 9-15 hours, the production beat of the vertical tail assembly is effectively compressed, the utilization rate of a large tool is improved, the production yield of about 4 frames is calculated in a month, the tool can be reduced by 1.5 days, the whole year of about 18 days is saved, the service time of the tool of two aircraft is saved, and the whole cost of the tool is reduced by half of the purchase of the tool.
2. The invention effectively supports project efficiency improvement, reduces cutter purchase cost and achieves the expected aim. At present, the set of cutters are put into use for more than 20 frames, and no problem is found.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-step ladder cutter with a front and rear guide small pitch with a feed chamfer;
In the figure: 1, leading; 2a preamble buffer; 3, cutting the section; 3.1 tool 1-step cutting edge; 3.2 2 cutting edges of the tool; 3.3 tool 3-step cutting edge; 4 a back guide buffer area; 5, post-guiding; 6, a knife handle; 7, a cutter connecting hole; 8, connecting pins; single edge of the 9 th order edge.
Detailed Description
The structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
The invention refers to the principle of a small-size reamer, is combined with a front guide structure and a rear guide structure of a large-size cutter, adopts a spiral blade with a feeding chamfer at a small distance, and improves the processing efficiency on the premise of ensuring the finish processing surface quality of a ARJ vertical-tail horizontal-tail intersection point hole.
In order to meet the processing requirements, the cutter needs to meet the following points:
1) The lengths of the cutter back guide 5 and the cutting section 3 are consistent, the difference is not more than 1mm, the minimum length of the cutter back guide 5 and the cutting section is 2-3 mm longer than that of a processed material, and incomplete processing or collision of the cutter and a matched tool in the processing process is avoided. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the cutter cutting section from colliding with a back guide tool when the cutter is installed, the diameter of the back guide 5 is preferably 2mm larger than the machining aperture.
2) The effective cutting length in the cutting segment 3 is limited by the product structure and equipment space, and the step segments (including the tool 1-step cutting edge 3.1, the tool 2-step cutting edge 3.2 and the tool 3-step cutting edge 3.3) cannot exceed the total length of 10 mm. Meanwhile, collision between the rear guide of the cutter and the workpiece in the cutting process is avoided, a rear guide buffer zone 4 is arranged between the cutting section and the rear guide, and the buffer zone is preferably 2mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the cutting section.
3) The knife handle 6 should ensure that the distance between the rear guide 5 of the knife and the forefront end of the power device is about 5-10 mm longer than the effective cutting length of the knife and the total length of the shoulder of the tool bushing, so that collision between the power device and the tool during processing is avoided. The knife handle is preferably smaller than the smallest diameter of the reserved hole by 2 mm.
4) A front buffer zone 2 with the diameter of about 10mm is reserved between the cutting section 3 and the front guide 1, so that collision between the cutting section and the front guide processing tool is avoided, meanwhile, the cutter and the tool are blocked due to the fact that the cutter exceeds the front guide zone for convenient observation and the buffer zone is smaller than the front guide diameter by 2 mm.
5) In order to ensure stable operation of the tool during the whole machining process, the leading part 1 is 20-40mm longer than the trailing part and the cutting section, so that the tool is in full and stable contact with the tool before the cutting is started.
6) In order to ensure the processing of high-precision holes, the processing precision of the front guide and the rear guide cannot be lower than h7, and the jumping amount is smaller than 0.01mm.
7) The length of a single blade 9 of the third-order blade is about 1.4mm limited by the total length of the cutting blade, excessive feed chamfers are arranged between each two steps, and the front angle and the main rear angle of the cutter are required to be confirmed according to processing materials, for example, the front angle of 14+/-2 degrees and the main rear angle of 3-5 degrees are adopted for aluminum alloy.
8) In order to ensure the rigidity of the cutter and the processing stability, the cutter body material should be more than 40 Cr.
9) The oil grooves adopt 45-degree spiral grooves, and the number of the oil grooves is preferably 2-3.
10 For ensuring that the cutter is not damaged by the rotary moment when the cutter cuts and the front guide and the rear guide are in rotary friction with the tool, the diameter of the connecting pin 8 is not less than 10mm, the connecting pin 8 needs to be in interference fit with the cutter connecting hole 7, and the connecting pin is prevented from falling off in the processing process, so that personnel, products or tool tools are damaged.
When the tool is used, the tool is connected with the tool through the front guide and the rear guide and then is connected with the power equipment through the pin joint, the front guide and the rear guide ensure the stability of processing, the cutter self ladder blade is provided with a chip breaking function, long chips are prevented from being accumulated in holes, the hole walls are damaged, simultaneously generated chips can be rapidly discharged from the spiral chip grooves of the tool, the tool is simple in structure, the existing tool equipment does not need to be changed, the tool is only redesigned, the tool can be directly used for the existing tool equipment, the purchase cost of the whole tool is reduced, the popularization is facilitated, a large amount of manpower resource cost is saved, and meanwhile, the innovation of the assembly technology is embodied.
Claims (5)
1. The large-size high-precision step reaming cutter with the front and back guide is characterized in that the large-size high-precision step reaming cutter with the front and back guide meets the following requirements:
1) The lengths of the rear guide and the cutting section of the cutter are consistent, the difference is not more than 1mm, the minimum length of the rear guide and the cutting section is 2-3 mm longer than that of a machining material, and the diameter of the rear guide is 1-5mm larger than that of the machining aperture;
2) The effective cutting length in the cutting section is limited by the product structure and the equipment space, and the total length of the step section cannot exceed 10 mm; a rear guide buffer area is arranged between the cutting section and the rear guide, and the rear guide buffer area is 1-5mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the cutting section;
3) The cutter handle is required to ensure that the distance between the rear guide of the cutter and the forefront end of the power device is 5-10 mm longer than the effective cutting length of the cutter and the total length of the shoulder of the tool bushing, and the cutter handle is 1-7mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the reserved hole;
4) A 10mm leading buffer zone is reserved between the cutting section and the leading, and the leading buffer zone is 1-3mm smaller than the leading diameter;
5) The leading should be 20-40mm longer than the trailing and cutting segments;
6) The processing precision of the front guide and the rear guide cannot be lower than h7, and the jumping amount is smaller than 0.01mm;
7) The cutting edge is limited by the total length of 10mm, the single edge length of the third-order cutting edge is 1.4mm, a transitional feed chamfer is arranged between each step, and the front angle and the main rear angle of the cutter are required to be confirmed according to the processed materials;
8) The cutter body material should be more than 40 Cr;
9) The oil grooves adopt 45-degree spiral grooves, and the number of the oil grooves is 2-3;
10 The cutter connecting hole is formed in the cutter handle, the diameter of the connecting pin is not smaller than 10mm, the connecting pin needs to be in interference fit with the cutter connecting hole, and the connecting pin is prevented from falling off in the machining process.
2. The large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and rear guide as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rear guide diameter is 2mm larger than the machining aperture in claim 1).
3. The large-size high-precision step reaming tool with fore-and-aft guidance according to claim 1, wherein said relief zone of said claim 2) is 2mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the cutting segment.
4. The large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and rear guide as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shank is smaller than the minimum diameter of the prepared hole by 2mm in said claim 3).
5. The large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and rear guide as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pilot buffer area is smaller than the pilot diameter by 2mm in said claim 4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111463001.6A CN114472985B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and rear guide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111463001.6A CN114472985B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and rear guide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114472985A CN114472985A (en) | 2022-05-13 |
| CN114472985B true CN114472985B (en) | 2024-07-23 |
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| CN202111463001.6A Active CN114472985B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Large-size high-precision step reaming tool with front and rear guide |
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| JP5933935B2 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2016-06-15 | マコトロイ工業株式会社 | drill |
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| CN114472985A (en) | 2022-05-13 |
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