CN114472985A - Large-size high-precision stepped reaming cutter with front and rear guide - Google Patents
Large-size high-precision stepped reaming cutter with front and rear guide Download PDFInfo
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- CN114472985A CN114472985A CN202111463001.6A CN202111463001A CN114472985A CN 114472985 A CN114472985 A CN 114472985A CN 202111463001 A CN202111463001 A CN 202111463001A CN 114472985 A CN114472985 A CN 114472985A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/0018—Drills for enlarging a hole
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/009—Stepped drills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/08—Drills combined with tool parts or tools for performing additional working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
Abstract
A large-size high-precision stepped reaming cutter with front and back guiding belongs to the design field of stepped reaming cutters of airplane parts. The cutter is simple in structure, the existing tool equipment does not need to be changed, the cutter can be directly used for the existing tool equipment only by redesigning the cutter, the original front 3 cutters and two drills and one hinge are integrated on one cutter through the change of the invention, the quality of the new third-order cutter and the new last cutter matched with the hole making meets the requirement, the success of the scheme is calculated by producing 4 airplanes per month, the tool using time of the two airplanes can be saved every year by the scheme, and meanwhile, half of the cutter is reduced, and the whole purchasing cost of the cutter is reduced. The success of the invention effectively supports the improvement of project efficiency, reduces the purchase cost of the cutter and achieves the expected target. At present, the set of tools is put into use for more than 20 frames, and no problem is found.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is used for machining a high-precision intersection point hole with a finished hole diameter larger than phi 20mm and a tolerance within 0.04mm, which is required to be assembled into a large part for post-machining, and has high cooperative scheduling and strict coaxiality of the large part of an airplane, and particularly relates to a novel large-size high-precision stepped reaming tool with front and rear guides.
Background
ARJ original 4 finish machining cutters in horizontal tail intersection hole of vertical tail, for the configuration mode of two reams of two drills, there is not the problem to the trial-manufacture product of small batch, but the product gets into behind the volume production stage, cutter frequency of use several times or tens of times increase by a wide margin even, current cutter wearing and tearing are ageing to be accelerated (cutter wearing and tearing lead to processing back pore wall have the fish tail, before because the cutter problem leads to the intersection point hole damage of certain vertical tail, the dangerous vertical tail that causes is scrapped) can't use and the frequent 2 problems of tool changing number of times, bring very big hidden danger to product quality, occupy large-scale tool equipment time length simultaneously, bring the bottleneck to project efficiency promotion. The quality of the holes is related to the success or failure of the assembly of the whole aircraft section, the success or failure of the butt joint installation and debugging of the following aircraft major sections is also influenced, and once a problem occurs, the repair is difficult, the debugging and installation of the aircraft section are possibly difficult, and even the whole section is scrapped. Causing significant economic loss and leading to customer dissatisfaction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior tool technology, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that under the condition of keeping the prior equipment and tooling unchanged, the number of cutters used for machining is reduced by researching and optimizing cutters with relatively small value, redesigning cutters, changing the design form and parameters of large finish machining cutters, thereby reducing the cutter purchasing cost and improving the production efficiency.
At present, the bore diameter of an initial hole of a part is 32.03-32.08mm, the machining sizes of the existing cutter are 33.5mm, 34.5mm, 34.75mm and 34.93mm respectively, and as a final hole is a high precision hole with the tolerance of 0.04mm, in order to ensure the important size, the final hole must be kept as a precision reaming cutter, only the first three cutters can be optimized, the cutter is provided with 2 front and back guides with different diameters, the total length of a step blade must be within 10mm, otherwise, the problem that the cutter collides with the tool or cannot completely come out (no through hole is drilled) occurs.
The central hole is to be 34.75 mm.
A middle hole with a diameter of 34.75mm is formed in one edge, but the single-edge tool consumption is too large and exceeds the maximum power of an automatic feed drill, so that the tool is clamped, the service life of the tool edge is seriously shortened, the chip is not easily broken, and the surface quality is not easily ensured.
With the 2-step type stepped tool, the following problems exist: if the cutting amount of the rear edge of the ladder is too large, chips can be accumulated between the front edge and the rear edge, the chips damage the hole wall to cause faults, if the cutting amount of the front edge is large, the stress condition of the cutter is similar to that of a single edge, if the cutting amount of the front edge and the rear edge is similar, and the cutter is likely to shake in the machining process due to the fact that the stress conditions of the two edges are similar.
The spiral blade three-step cutter with small distance and feed chamfer is theoretically feasible.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the large-size high-precision stepped reaming tool with front and rear guiding integrates two drills and one hinge of the original front 3 cutters on one cutter, and the large-size high-precision stepped reaming tool with the front and rear guiding needs to meet the following requirements:
1) the length of the cutter back guide is consistent with that of the cutting segment, the difference is not more than 1mm, the minimum length of the cutter back guide and the cutting segment is 2-3 mm longer than that of a machining material, and the back guide diameter is 2mm larger than that of a machining aperture;
2) the effective cutting length in the cutting section is limited by the product structure and the equipment space, and the total length of the step section cannot exceed 10 mm; a back guide buffer area is arranged between the cutting section and the back guide, and the minimum diameter of the back guide buffer area is 2mm smaller than that of the cutting section;
3) the distance between the rear guide of the cutter and the most front end of the power device is ensured to be 5-10 mm longer than the effective cutting length of the cutter and the total length of the shoulder of the tool bushing by a safety distance by the cutter handle, and the diameter of the cutter handle is 2mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the preformed hole;
4) a leading buffer zone of 10mm is reserved between the cutting section and the leading part, and the leading buffer zone is 2mm smaller than the leading diameter;
5) the front guide is 20-40mm longer than the back guide and the cutting section;
6) the processing precision of the front guide and the rear guide cannot be lower than h7, and the jumping quantity is less than 0.01 mm;
7) limited by the total length of 10mm of the cutting edge, the length of a single edge of a three-step cutting edge is 1.4mm, excessive feed chamfers are arranged between steps of each step, and the front angle and the main back angle of the cutter need to be confirmed according to machining materials;
8) the material of the cutter body is more than 40 Cr;
9) the oil grooves are 2-3 spiral grooves with the angle of 45 degrees;
10) the cutter connecting hole is formed in the cutter handle, the diameter of the connecting pin is not smaller than 10mm, the connecting pin needs to be in interference fit with the cutter connecting hole, and the connecting pin is prevented from falling off in the machining process.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the cutter has simple structure, can be directly used for the existing tool equipment without changing the existing tool equipment and only redesigns the cutter, integrates two drills and one hinge of the original front 3 cutters on one cutter through the change of the invention, meets the requirements of the quality of hole making by matching the new third-order cutter and the new last cutter, simultaneously, the success of the proposal reduces the cutter changing times by 2 times on one side and the total time of 4 times on two sides, because 3-5 persons are needed for drilling the horizontal tail intersection point of the vertical tail, the time is saved by one person for more than 3 hours after the change, the total time is about 9-15 hours, the production rhythm of the vertical tail final assembly is effectively compressed, the utilization rate of a large tool is improved, the yield is calculated by about 4 monthly yields, the tool can be reduced by 1.5 days in a single month, the tool can be reduced by about 18 days in the whole year, the tool service time of two airplanes is saved, and meanwhile, half of tools are reduced, and the whole purchase cost of the tools is reduced.
2. The success of the invention effectively supports the improvement of project efficiency, reduces the purchase cost of the cutter and achieves the expected target. At present, the set of tools is put into use for more than 20 frames, and no problem is found.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-step tool with a front guide, a rear guide, a small spacing and a feed chamfer;
in the figure: 1 leader; 2 a preamble buffer; 3, cutting; 3.1 cutting edge of 1 step of the cutter; 3.2 cutting edge of 2 steps of the cutter; 3.3 cutting edge of 3 steps of the cutter; 4 a back lead buffer area; 5, guiding the materials; 6, knife handle; 7 connecting holes for cutters; 8 connecting pins; 9 single edge of three-step edge.
Detailed Description
The structure of the invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples:
the invention refers to the principle of small-size hole expanding drill, is combined with the front and back guide structure of a large-size cutter, adopts the spiral blade with small distance and the cutting chamfer, and improves the processing efficiency on the premise of ensuring the surface quality of the finish machining of ARJ vertical tail horizontal tail intersection point holes.
In order to meet the machining requirements, the cutter needs to meet the following points:
1) the cutter back guide 5 and the cutting section 3 are consistent in length, the difference is not more than 1mm, the minimum length of the cutter back guide and the cutting section is 2-3 mm longer than that of a machining material, and incomplete machining or collision between the cutter and a matched tool in the machining process is avoided. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the cutting section of the cutter from colliding with a rear guide tool when the cutter is installed, the diameter of the rear guide 5 is preferably larger than the diameter of the machining hole by 2 mm.
2) The effective cutting length in the cutting section 3 is limited by the product structure and the equipment space, and the total length of the step section (comprising a 1-step cutting edge 3.1 of a cutter, a 2-step cutting edge 3.2 of the cutter and a 3-step cutting edge 3.3 of the cutter) can not exceed 10 mm. Meanwhile, the collision between the cutter back guide and the workpiece is avoided in the cutting process, a back guide buffer zone 4 is arranged between the cutting section and the back guide, and the buffer zone is preferably 2mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the cutting section.
3) The distance between the cutter rear guide 5 and the foremost end of the power device is ensured to be about 5-10 mm greater than the effective cutting length of the cutter and the total length of the shoulder of the tool bushing, and collision between the power device and the tool during machining is avoided. The minimum diameter of the knife handle is preferably smaller than the minimum diameter of the preformed hole by 2 mm.
4) The front guide buffer zone 2 of about 10mm should be reserved between the cutting section 3 and the front guide 1, collision in machining of the cutting section and the front guide machining tool is avoided, meanwhile, the cutter and the tool are clamped to be dead due to the fact that the cutter exceeds the front guide zone, and the buffer zone is smaller than the front guide diameter by 2 mm.
5) In order to ensure the stable operation of the cutter in the whole machining process, the front guide 1 is 20-40mm longer than the rear guide and cutting section so as to ensure that the cutter is fully and stably contacted with the tool before cutting.
6) In order to ensure the processing of high-precision holes, the processing precision of the front guide and the rear guide cannot be lower than h7, and the jumping quantity is less than 0.01 mm.
7) Limited by the total length of a cutting edge of 10mm, the length of a single edge 9 of a three-step cutting edge is about 1.4mm, excessive feed chamfers are arranged between steps of each step, and the front angle and the main back angle of the cutter need to be confirmed according to machining materials, for example, a front angle of 14 +/-2 degrees and a main back angle of 3-5 degrees are adopted for aluminum alloy.
8) In order to ensure the rigidity and the processing stability of the cutter, the material of the cutter body is more than 40 Cr.
9) The oil grooves are spiral grooves with the angle of 45 degrees, and the number of the spiral grooves is preferably 2-3.
10) In order to ensure that the connecting pin of the cutter and the power device is not damaged by the rotating torque generated when the cutter performs cutting and the front and back guide and the tool perform rotating friction, the diameter of the connecting pin 8 is not less than 10mm, the connecting pin 8 needs to be in interference fit with the cutter connecting hole 7, and the phenomenon that the connecting pin falls off in the machining process to cause damage to personnel, products or tools and appliances is avoided.
Lead the cutter through the front and back during the use and link to each other with the frock, then link to each other with the power equipment pin joint, lead the stability of guaranteeing processing before and after, possess the chip breaking function between cutter self ladder sword, avoid long smear metal to appear piling up in the hole, damage the pore wall, the smear metal that produces simultaneously can be followed the spiral chip groove of cutter and is discharged fast, the instrument simple structure, need not change current frock equipment, only redesign the cutter, alright directly be used for current frock equipment, whole instrument purchasing cost reduces, and the facilitate promotion, a large amount of manpower resources cost has been saved to this technique, the innovation of assembly technique has also been reflected simultaneously.
Claims (5)
1. The large-size high-precision stepped reaming tool with the front guide and the rear guide is characterized in that the large-size high-precision stepped reaming tool with the front guide and the rear guide needs to meet the following requirements:
1) the length of the cutter back guide and the cutting section is consistent, the difference is not more than 1mm, the minimum length of the cutter back guide and the cutting section is 2-3 mm longer than that of a machining material, and the back guide diameter is 1-5mm larger than that of a machining aperture;
2) the effective cutting length in the cutting section is limited by the product structure and the equipment space, and the total length of the step section cannot exceed 10 mm; a back guide buffer area is arranged between the cutting section and the back guide, and the minimum diameter of the back guide buffer area is 1-5mm smaller than that of the cutting section;
3) the distance between the rear guide of the cutter and the most front end of the power device is ensured to be 5-10 mm longer than the effective cutting length of the cutter and the total length of the shoulder of the tool bushing by a safety distance by the cutter handle, and the diameter of the cutter handle is 1-7mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the preformed hole;
4) a leading buffer zone of 10mm is reserved between the cutting section and the leading part, and the diameter of the leading buffer zone is 1-3mm smaller than that of the leading part;
5) the front guide is 20-40mm longer than the back guide and the cutting section;
6) the processing precision of the front guide and the rear guide cannot be lower than h7, and the jumping quantity is less than 0.01 mm;
7) limited by the total length of 10mm of the cutting edge, the length of a single edge of a three-step cutting edge is 1.4mm, excessive feed chamfers are arranged between steps of each step, and the front angle and the main back angle of the cutter need to be confirmed according to machining materials;
8) the material of the cutter body is more than 40 Cr;
9) the oil grooves are 2-3 spiral grooves with the angle of 45 degrees;
10) the cutter connecting hole is formed in the cutter handle, the diameter of the connecting pin is not smaller than 10mm, the connecting pin needs to be in interference fit with the cutter connecting hole, and the connecting pin is prevented from falling off in the machining process.
2. A large-sized high-precision stepped reaming tool with front and back guiding according to claim 1, wherein in the requirement 1), the back diameter is 2mm larger than the diameter of the working hole.
3. A large size high precision stepped reamer tool with back and forth orientation as claimed in claim 1 wherein, in requirement 2), the back guide buffer zone is 2mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the cutting segment.
4. A large-sized high-precision stepped reaming tool with front and back guiding according to claim 1, wherein in the requirement 3), the shank is 2mm smaller than the minimum diameter of the prepared hole.
5. A large size high precision stepped reamer tool with front and back guides according to claim 1 wherein the requirement 4) is that the leading buffer area is 2mm smaller than the leading diameter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111463001.6A CN114472985A (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Large-size high-precision stepped reaming cutter with front and rear guide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111463001.6A CN114472985A (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Large-size high-precision stepped reaming cutter with front and rear guide |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114472985A true CN114472985A (en) | 2022-05-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111463001.6A Pending CN114472985A (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Large-size high-precision stepped reaming cutter with front and rear guide |
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| CN (1) | CN114472985A (en) |
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| CN206839309U (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-01-05 | 郑州市钻石精密制造有限公司 | A kind of cutter of machining piston pin-and-hole |
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| CN208146982U (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-11-27 | 河北高工工具有限公司 | Cold quadravalence bores compound tool in a kind of Integral alloy |
| CN208991822U (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-06-18 | 昆山市宏达模具五金有限公司 | A kind of superelevation service life drill bit |
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2021
- 2021-12-03 CN CN202111463001.6A patent/CN114472985A/en active Pending
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| CN201175779Y (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2009-01-07 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Hard metal alloy expanding drill for processing titanium alloy |
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