CN114472337A - Heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment method and pretreatment system - Google Patents
Heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment method and pretreatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114472337A CN114472337A CN202111670607.7A CN202111670607A CN114472337A CN 114472337 A CN114472337 A CN 114472337A CN 202111670607 A CN202111670607 A CN 202111670607A CN 114472337 A CN114472337 A CN 114472337A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/202—Constituents thereof
- G01N33/2022—Non-metallic constituents
Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment method and a pretreatment system for heat-resistant steel scraps, wherein the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: standing and filtering the steel scraps to realize the primary separation of partial oil stain, water and the steel scraps; immersing the primarily separated steel scraps into hot alkaline water for alkaline washing, so that ester substances such as oil stains and the like can be subjected to hydrolysis reaction under the heated alkaline condition to generate alcohol and carboxylic acid; immersing the steel scraps subjected to alkali washing into an acid solution for acid washing and neutralization; immersing the steel scraps after acid washing and neutralization into clear water for cleaning; carrying out water removal treatment on the cleaned steel scraps; after the quality of the steel scraps subjected to water removal treatment is qualified, bagging the steel scraps, so that the steel scraps can be conveniently put into a furnace for use; the invention improves the material yield, has no loss of alloy elements, and simultaneously solves the environmental protection problem caused by smoke dust, the product defect problem caused by moisture and the material problem caused by recarburization, thereby generating great economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stainless steel scrap treatment technology, in particular to a heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment method and a pretreatment system.
Background
The Turbo charging technology (Turbo) is a technology for improving the fuel combustion efficiency by improving the air intake capacity of an engine, further improving the power of the engine and reducing the fuel consumption; after more than 30 years of development, the turbocharging technology is widely applied to the fields of aviation, automobiles and the like. The heat-resistant steel is widely used for manufacturing parts and structural members such as automobile turbine shells, exhaust pipes and the like, the consumption of the heat-resistant steel is increasing day by day, the heat-resistant steel is a typical representative of materials required by automobile turbocharging technology, and the heat-resistant steel meets the requirements of the automobile industry on high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of heat-resistant materials which are continuously developed towards the directions of higher efficiency, lower fuel consumption and more environmental protection.
The service conditions of high temperature, high pressure and high corrosion put higher demands on the service performance of the steel for the turbine shell and the exhaust manifold. In order to ensure the long-term safety and effectiveness of the steel, the steel for the turbine shell has good high-temperature structure stability, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, low expansibility, good processability and the like by adding alloy elements such as chromium, nickel, niobium, tungsten and the like.
A part of machining allowance is reserved for the casting blank to ensure the compactness and machining size of the casting; taking a turbine shell as an example, the machining allowance accounts for 15-20% of the single weight of a blank, and the machining allowance is higher compared with the machining allowance of the position with a complex structure, a large section and a thick wall.
The addition of cutting fluid, lubricant, cooling water and other substances added in the machining process causes the machined steel scraps to contain partial oil stains, water and impurities; the heat-resistant steel scraps are directly added into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, so that the environmental protection problems such as ignition, smoke dust and the like can be caused in the process, the component recarburization problem occurs, and the casting can generate the problems of air holes, shrinkage cavities, looseness and the like.
Casting enterprises usually put into use again after melting down, refining and casting into blocks through an intermediate frequency furnace, the process can solve the influence of steel scraps on the product quality but can not avoid the environmental protection problems of ignition, smoke dust and the like, and meanwhile, the refining decarburization and other processes lead to serious burning loss of the steel scraps and serious burning loss of alloy elements such as chromium, nickel, niobium, tungsten and the like; the burning loss rate of ZG40Cr25Ni20Si2-Nb position series materials exceeds 20 percent, the burning loss rate of nickel elements exceeds 10 percent, and the burning loss rate of niobium exceeds 20 percent; the yield loss, the alloy burning loss and the smelting cost cause the loss rate of the recovery value of single ton of pretreated steel scraps to be more than 30 percent, thereby causing huge cost loss and environmental protection loss.
Although the problem of smoke dust generated in the smelting process is relieved when a part of casting enterprises use the steel scraps after high-temperature baking, the problem cannot be solved fundamentally because the problem of smoke dust generated in the baking process still exists.
The Chinese invention patent with application number CN202110318279.8 discloses a waste aluminum sheet recovery processing technology in 10/08/2021, which comprises the following steps: s1, preliminary processing, namely crushing the waste aluminum sheets, screening the crushed waste aluminum sheets, and repeatedly crushing the incompletely crushed waste aluminum sheets until the crushing is finished; s2, removing impurities by washing, carrying out acid washing on the crushed waste aluminum sheet, carrying out alkali washing after the acid washing is finished, carrying out alkali washing to neutralize acid liquor on the waste aluminum, and carrying out oscillating stirring treatment during the acid washing and the alkali washing, so that the acid washing and the alkali washing are more thorough; and S3, cleaning, after impurity removal, washing the aluminum scrap with deionized water, washing away acid liquor and alkali liquor remaining on the surface of the aluminum scrap, paving the aluminum scrap on a conveying belt, conveying by using the conveying belt, and synchronously drying during conveying. The method comprises the steps of carrying out acid washing and alkali washing, then carrying out water washing, finally further removing combustible impurities by using a flame gun, drying the waste aluminum, and finally adsorbing by using an electromagnet, so that scrap iron impurities can conveniently slide down, thereby completing efficient impurity removal; the scheme discloses a method for removing impurities from metal scraps, and solves the problems that the surface of the aluminum scrap is excessively oxidized, the impurity content of the aluminum scrap is excessively high, and the aluminum scrap often contains (metals such as iron, copper, zinc and the like) and paint carried by the surface of the aluminum scrap, so that the influence of impurities on the recovery of the aluminum scrap is eliminated, but in the process of recovering the aluminum scrap, the recarburization problem does not exist, so that heavy castings can generate air holes, shrinkage cavities, looseness and other problems, therefore, the application fields are different, the solved technical problems are different, and the direct application to solving of the technical problems is difficult to think.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment method and a pretreatment system aiming at the problems in the prior art, which can solve the problems of environmental protection caused by smoke dust, product defect caused by moisture and material quality caused by recarburization while improving the material yield and avoiding loss of alloy elements, thereby generating great economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for pretreating heat-resistant steel scrap, comprising the steps of:
standing and filtering the steel scraps to realize the primary separation of partial oil stain, water and the steel scraps;
immersing the primarily separated steel scraps into hot alkaline water for alkaline washing, so that ester substances such as oil stains and the like can be subjected to hydrolysis reaction under the heated alkaline condition to generate alcohol and carboxylic acid;
immersing the steel scraps subjected to alkali washing into an acid solution for acid washing and neutralization;
immersing the steel scraps after acid washing and neutralization into clear water for cleaning;
carrying out water removal treatment on the cleaned steel scraps;
and (4) after the steel scraps subjected to water removal treatment are qualified through quality detection, bagging is carried out, and the steel scraps can be conveniently used in a furnace subsequently.
Further, the process of standing and filtering the steel scraps specifically comprises the following steps: hanging a hanging bag of the ton bag on a steel scrap support, pouring heat-resistant steel scrap in a steel scrap collecting hopper into the ton bag, and filtering the ton bag to separate partial oil stain, water and the steel scrap; and (5) controlling oil and water for 5-10 hours, and collecting and filtering oil stain water through an oil and water collecting frame.
Further, the process of immersing the steel scraps in hot alkaline water for alkaline washing specifically comprises the following steps: after no liquid drips from the steel scrap bag, transferring the steel scraps to an automatic feeding device, and transferring the steel scraps to a screen frame made of corrosion-resistant steel through the feeding device; the lifting device connected with the screen frame is immersed into an alkaline washing tank, ester substances such as oil stains and the like can be subjected to hydrolysis reaction to generate alcohol and carboxylic acid under the heated alkaline condition through hot alkaline water washing, and the purpose of removing the oil stains is achieved.
Further, when the screen frame is immersed into the alkaline washing tank, the screen frame is vibrated by a vibrating device.
Further, the steel scraps are conveyed to an alkali washing tank through a lifting device connected with a screen frame and the screen frame to be washed with alkali, the alkali washing time is 5-10 minutes, then the lifting device drives the screen frame to convey the steel scraps to the pickling tank to be washed with acid, the pickling time is 5-10 minutes, and then the lifting device drives the screen frame to convey the steel scraps to a clear water tank to be washed.
Furthermore, after steel scraps are cleaned, the PH value of cleaning water is monitored through a PH instrument, and dewatering treatment is carried out after the PH value of the cleaning water meets the target requirement.
Further, the water removal treatment process specifically includes: 90% of water in the steel scraps is dried through a centrifugal spin dryer tube, then a lifting device drives a screen frame to transfer the steel scraps to a horizontal baking box, and the steel scraps are baked for 5-10 minutes under the baking condition of 300 +/-50 ℃.
Further, the quality detection process specifically includes: taking 20 g of treated steel scraps, putting the steel scraps into a crucible, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace with the cavity temperature of 850 ℃, and judging whether the oil stain removal reaches the standard or not by detecting the concentration of smoke dust; detecting the pH value of the processed steel scraps by a pH instrument; and detecting the water content of the processed steel scraps by a moisture meter.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment system, including:
the oil and water control device is used for standing and filtering the steel scraps to realize the primary separation of partial oil stain, water and the steel scraps;
the middle transfer device is used for transferring the steel scraps among the treatment devices;
the washing tank is used for thoroughly washing the oil stains of the steel scraps;
the drying device and the drying equipment are used for thoroughly removing the moisture of the dry steel scraps;
and the automatic packaging device is used for bagging and packaging the qualified steel scraps through quality detection, and is convenient for the follow-up entering of the steel scraps into the furnace for use.
Further, the device comprises quality detection equipment, wherein the quality detection equipment comprises a smoke concentration detector, a PH meter and a humidity meter.
Further, the cooling device comprises a cooling table for cooling the dried steel scraps.
Furthermore, the oil and water control device comprises a ton bag, a steel scrap bracket, a steel scrap collecting hopper and an oil and water collecting frame.
Further, the middle transfer device comprises an automatic feeding device, a lifting device, a screen frame and an automatic discharging device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method realizes the nondestructive treatment of the heat-resistant steel scraps by controlling oil and water of the heat-resistant steel scraps, cleaning alkali liquor, neutralizing acid liquor, cleaning, drying, cooling and packaging; the method has the advantages that the material yield is improved, the loss of alloy elements is avoided, the environmental protection problem caused by smoke dust, the product defect problem caused by moisture and the material problem caused by carburetion are solved, and further great economic benefit is generated; compared with the remelting ingot casting process, the technology has the advantages that the material yield is improved by 15%, the alloy burning loss rate is 0%, the treatment cost is reduced by 50%, and the recovery rate of the steel scrap residual value is improved by 20%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "horizontal", "vertical", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are all based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed and operated in specific orientations, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
A heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment method comprises the steps of hanging a hanging bag of a ton bag on a steel scrap support, pouring heat-resistant steel scrap in a steel scrap collecting hopper into the ton bag, and filtering the ton bag to realize primary separation of partial oil stain, water and steel scrap; controlling oil and water for 5-10 hours, and collecting and filtering oil stain water through an oil and water collecting frame;
after no liquid drips from the ton bag filled with the steel scraps, transferring the steel scraps to an automatic feeding device, and transferring the steel scraps to a screen frame made of corrosion-resistant steel through the automatic feeding device; the lifting device connected with the screen frame is immersed into an alkaline washing tank, and ester substances such as oil stains and the like can be subjected to hydrolysis reaction to generate alcohol and carboxylic acid under the heated alkaline condition through hot alkaline water washing, so that the purpose of removing the oil stains is achieved; the screen frame is vibrated by a vibration device to achieve the purpose of quick cleaning;
after 5-10 minutes of alkaline washing, driving a screen frame to immerse the steel scraps into a pickling tank for neutralization through a lifting device;
after neutralization for 5-10 minutes, the steel scraps are immersed into a clean water tank for cleaning by driving a screen frame through a lifting device;
monitoring the PH value of cleaning water through a PH meter, and transferring the screen frame to a centrifugal drying device through a lifting device after the PH value of the cleaning water meets the target requirement;
after 90% of water in the steel scraps is dried by a centrifugal drying device, transferring a screen frame to drying equipment, such as a horizontal baking box, and baking for 5-10 minutes at the baking temperature of 300 +/-50 ℃;
cooling the dried steel scraps, performing quality detection, putting 20 g of the treated steel scraps into a crucible, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace with the cavity temperature of 850 ℃, and judging whether the oil stain removal reaches the standard or not by detecting the concentration of smoke dust; detecting the pH value of the treated steel scraps by a pH instrument; detecting the water content of the processed steel scraps by a moisture meter;
and after the quality detection is qualified, packaging by using an automatic packaging device, wherein the packaging is a single 500 +/-50 kg package, so that the steel scraps can be conveniently used in a furnace.
A heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment system comprising:
the oil and water control device is used for standing and filtering the steel scraps to realize the primary separation of partial oil stain, water and the steel scraps;
the middle transfer device is used for transferring the steel scraps among the treatment devices;
the washing tank is used for thoroughly washing the oil stains of the steel scraps;
the drying device and the drying equipment are used for thoroughly removing the moisture of the dry steel scraps;
and the automatic packaging device is used for bagging and packaging the qualified steel scraps through quality detection, and is convenient for the follow-up entering of the steel scraps into the furnace for use.
Further, the device comprises quality detection equipment, wherein the quality detection equipment comprises a smoke concentration detector, a PH meter and a humidity meter.
Further, the cooling device comprises a cooling table for cooling the dried steel scraps.
Furthermore, the oil and water control device comprises a ton bag, a steel scrap bracket, a steel scrap collecting hopper and an oil and water collecting frame.
Furthermore, middle transfer device includes automatic feeding device, elevating gear, screen frame, automatic unloader.
By the pretreatment method and the pretreatment system, before the heat-resistant steel scraps are put into a furnace for recasting, oil and water control, alkali liquor cleaning, acid liquor neutralization, cleaning treatment, drying, cooling and packaging are carried out on the heat-resistant steel scraps to realize nondestructive treatment of the heat-resistant steel scraps; the method has the advantages that the material yield is improved, the loss of alloy elements is avoided, the environmental protection problem caused by smoke dust, the product defect problem caused by moisture and the material problem caused by carburetion are solved, and further great economic benefit is generated; compared with the remelting ingot casting process, the method has the advantages that the material yield is improved by 15%, the alloy burning loss rate is 0%, the treatment cost is reduced by 50%, the recovery rate of the steel scrap residue is improved by 20%, and the unexpected effect is achieved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A pretreatment method for heat-resistant steel scraps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
standing and filtering the steel scraps to primarily separate partial oil stains, water and the steel scraps;
immersing the primarily separated steel scraps into hot alkaline water for alkaline washing to hydrolyze oil stains and esters;
immersing the steel scraps subjected to alkali washing into an acid solution for acid washing and neutralization;
immersing the steel scraps after acid washing and neutralization into clear water for cleaning;
carrying out water removal treatment on the cleaned steel scraps;
and (4) after the steel scraps subjected to water removal treatment are qualified through quality detection, bagging is carried out, and the subsequent feeding of the steel scraps into a furnace is convenient.
2. The method for pretreating heat-resistant steel scraps according to claim 1, wherein the standing and filtering process of the steel scraps specifically comprises the following steps: hanging a hanging bag of the ton bag on a steel scrap support, pouring heat-resistant steel scrap in a steel scrap collecting hopper into the ton bag, and filtering the ton bag to separate partial oil stain, water and the steel scrap; and controlling oil and water for 5-10 hours, and collecting and filtering oil stain water through an oil and water collecting frame.
3. A method for pretreating heat-resistant steel scraps according to claim 1, wherein the process of immersing the steel scraps in hot alkaline water for alkaline washing specifically comprises: after no liquid drips from the steel scrap bag, transferring the steel scraps to an automatic feeding device, and transferring the steel scraps to a screen frame made of corrosion-resistant steel through the automatic feeding device; the lifting device connected with the screen frame is immersed into an alkaline washing tank, ester substances such as oil stains and the like can be subjected to hydrolysis reaction to generate alcohol and carboxylic acid under the heated alkaline condition through hot alkaline water washing, and the purpose of removing the oil stains is achieved.
4. The method for pretreating heat-resistant steel scraps according to claim 3, wherein the screen frame is vibrated by a vibrating device while being immersed in the alkaline bath.
5. The heat-resistant steel scrap pretreatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel scrap is conveyed to an alkaline washing tank for alkaline washing through a screen frame and a lifting device connected with the screen frame, the alkaline washing time is 5-10 minutes, then the lifting device drives the screen frame to convey the steel scrap to an acid washing tank for acid washing, the acid washing time is 5-10 minutes, and then the lifting device drives the screen frame to convey the steel scrap to a clear water tank for cleaning.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel scrap is cleaned and then subjected to a dewatering process after the pH of the cleaning water reaches a target value.
7. The method for pretreating heat-resistant steel scraps according to claim 1, wherein the water removal treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: 90% of water in the steel scraps is dried through a drying device, then a lifting device drives a screen frame to transfer the steel scraps to drying equipment, and the drying equipment is used for drying for 5-10 minutes under the drying condition of 300 +/-50 ℃.
8. The method for pretreating heat-resistant steel scraps according to claim 1, wherein the quality detection process specifically comprises the following steps: taking 20 g of treated steel scraps, putting the steel scraps into a crucible, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace with the cavity temperature of 850 ℃, and judging whether the oil stain removal reaches the standard or not by detecting the concentration of smoke dust; detecting the pH value of the processed steel scraps by a pH instrument; and detecting the water content of the processed steel scraps by a moisture meter.
9. A pretreatment system to which the pretreatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is applied, comprising:
the oil and water control device is used for standing and filtering the steel cuttings to realize the primary separation of part of oil stain, water and the steel cuttings;
the middle transfer device is used for transferring the steel scraps among the treatment devices;
the washing tank is used for thoroughly washing the oil stains of the steel scraps;
the drying device and the drying equipment are used for thoroughly removing the moisture of the dry steel scraps;
and the automatic packaging device is used for bagging and packaging the qualified steel scraps through quality detection, and is convenient for the follow-up entering of the steel scraps into the furnace for use.
10. The system for pretreating heat-resistant steel scraps according to claim 9, wherein the system comprises quality detection equipment, and the quality detection equipment comprises a smoke concentration detector, a PH meter and a humidity meter.
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111676502A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-18 | 洛阳特种材料研究院 | Hard anodizing pretreatment process for large aluminum alloy parts |
CN113234928A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-08-10 | 安徽帮德电气有限公司 | Waste aluminum sheet recycling and processing technology |
CN113458055A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-01 | 重庆金凯韶光环保科技有限公司 | Device and method for removing oil stains on surface of waste steel scraps containing precious alloy elements |
CN215236340U (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-12-21 | 山东银丽金属利用有限公司 | Waste steel scrap oil stain removing equipment |
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GB2026551A (en) * | 1978-05-23 | 1980-02-06 | Kershenbaum L | Cleaning oily surfaces |
CN206385247U (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-08-08 | 天津市中意德热镀锌有限公司 | A kind of zinc-plated pretreating device |
CN111394764A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-10 | 太仓市施美电镀有限公司 | Electrogalvanizing production line for roller and production process thereof |
CN111676502A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-18 | 洛阳特种材料研究院 | Hard anodizing pretreatment process for large aluminum alloy parts |
CN113234928A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-08-10 | 安徽帮德电气有限公司 | Waste aluminum sheet recycling and processing technology |
CN215236340U (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-12-21 | 山东银丽金属利用有限公司 | Waste steel scrap oil stain removing equipment |
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