CN219869084U - Double-chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor - Google Patents

Double-chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN219869084U
CN219869084U CN202320309252.7U CN202320309252U CN219869084U CN 219869084 U CN219869084 U CN 219869084U CN 202320309252 U CN202320309252 U CN 202320309252U CN 219869084 U CN219869084 U CN 219869084U
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chamber
aluminum
smelting
pyrolysis
smelting chamber
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CN202320309252.7U
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陈士朝
张欣
韩志彪
游韶玮
丛梦晓
刘军
宋玮华
朱彩飞
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CECEP Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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CECEP Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of metal resource recovery, in particular to a double-chamber furnace for smelting a waste aluminum capacitor, which comprises a pyrolysis smelting chamber and an intermediate frequency smelting chamber; the upper part of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is provided with a scrap aluminum capacitor charging port and a flue gas discharging port, and the lower part of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is provided with an impurity discharging port; the medium-frequency smelting chamber is provided with an aluminum liquid outlet; an aluminum liquid rising channel is arranged between the pyrolysis smelting chamber and the intermediate frequency smelting chamber, a liquid inlet of the aluminum liquid rising channel is positioned between an impurity discharge outlet and the lowest liquid level of the pyrolysis smelting chamber, and a liquid outlet of the aluminum liquid rising channel is positioned in the intermediate frequency smelting chamber; an aluminum liquid reflux pipeline and an aluminum liquid lifting pump connected in series on the aluminum liquid reflux pipeline are arranged between the intermediate frequency smelting chamber and the pyrolysis smelting chamber; the double-chamber furnace adopting the technical scheme of the utility model can clean and efficiently recycle metal aluminum resources and reduce environmental pollution.

Description

Double-chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of metal resource recovery, in particular to a double-chamber furnace for smelting a waste aluminum capacitor.
Background
Capacitors are one of the most important electronic components used in electronic and electric products, and are used in an amount of about 40% of all electronic components. Among these, aluminum capacitors are most widely used because of low cost, excellent performance. The aluminum capacitor approximately comprises 40% of aluminum, 10% of iron and 50% of organic electrolyte, and the electrolyte contains a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, so that the improper treatment is extremely easy to cause great harm to the environment and human health.
Conventional aluminum capacitor recycling is generally performed by placing an aluminum capacitor in a container, then slowly extruding the aluminum capacitor by a punching machine until electrolyte is extruded, and finally, obtaining a metal aluminum block which is melted in an aluminum melting furnace. In this process, the electrolyte is discharged into the environment, which causes a great hazard to the environment. Although the method of crushing the waste aluminum capacitor into millimeter-sized particles and separating the aluminum particles from light components such as paper, plastic and the like by adopting a shaking table method is developed, the aluminum particles are washed, dried and briquetted to obtain a regenerated aluminum product, and the method avoids toxic smoke generated by direct smelting of the waste aluminum capacitor, but has lower aluminum recovery rate in the whole process and can generate a large amount of waste liquid and waste residue to be treated.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a smelting furnace for efficiently and cleanly discarding aluminum capacitors, which is used for cleanly and efficiently recycling metal aluminum resources and reducing environmental pollution.
In order to achieve the aim, the utility model provides a double-chamber furnace for smelting aluminum scrap capacitors, which comprises a pyrolysis smelting chamber and an intermediate frequency smelting chamber; the upper part of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is provided with a scrap aluminum capacitor charging port and a flue gas discharging port, and the lower part of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is provided with an impurity discharging port; the medium-frequency smelting chamber is provided with an aluminum liquid outlet; an aluminum liquid rising channel is arranged between the pyrolysis smelting chamber and the intermediate frequency smelting chamber, a liquid inlet of the aluminum liquid rising channel is positioned between an impurity discharge outlet and the lowest liquid level of the pyrolysis smelting chamber, and a liquid outlet of the aluminum liquid rising channel is positioned in the intermediate frequency smelting chamber; an aluminum liquid reflux pipeline and an aluminum liquid lifting pump connected in series on the aluminum liquid reflux pipeline are arranged between the medium-frequency smelting chamber and the pyrolysis smelting chamber.
In order to reduce heat dissipation of circulating aluminum liquid, the aluminum liquid lifting pump and the aluminum liquid return pipeline are provided with heat insulation layers.
As a preferred scheme, in order to facilitate the discharge of metals with the same density as iron, copper, lead and tin and greater than that of aluminum liquid, the bottom of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is obliquely provided with a furnace base, the top of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is positioned below a liquid inlet of an aluminum liquid ascending channel, the bottom of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is positioned at an impurity discharge outlet, the aluminum liquid in the pyrolysis smelting chamber is subjected to the floating and sedimentation of impurities, and the aluminum liquid entering the intermediate frequency smelting chamber is purer.
In order to avoid that impurities with higher density are brought into the medium-frequency smelting chamber in the circulating process of the aluminum liquid, the liquid inlet height of the aluminum liquid rising channel is lower than the liquid outlet height, and the impurities are separated by gravity.
In order to reduce heat and smoke loss of the pyrolysis smelting chamber, the aluminum scrap capacitor adding port is normally closed.
In order to avoid the escape of the flue gas of the pyrolysis smelting chamber, a draught fan is connected to a flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis smelting chamber.
In order to avoid damage of the overheating aluminum liquid to the double-chamber furnace, the inner walls of the pyrolysis smelting chamber and the intermediate frequency smelting chamber are provided with refractory material layers which directly contact the aluminum liquid.
Preferably, in order to reduce the heat loss of the double chamber furnace, a mineral fiber layer is filled between the refractory material layer and the furnace body.
According to the double-chamber aluminum melting furnace, a molten pool is manufactured in advance, the waste aluminum capacitor is added into the pyrolysis melting chamber from the waste aluminum capacitor inlet at a certain feeding speed, the aluminum liquid lifting pump lifts the overheated aluminum liquid in the intermediate frequency melting chamber to the pyrolysis melting chamber, electrolyte is completely combusted in the furnace under the heating action of the overheated aluminum liquid of the waste capacitor, the operations such as crushing or extrusion are avoided, the environment is prevented from being polluted by the electrolyte, after organic matters are pyrolyzed, pyrolysis products enter a smoke treatment system for subsequent treatment through a smoke outlet, and the furnace can be kept at micro negative pressure due to the induced air action of the induced draft fan. The metal aluminum in the waste capacitor is melted, light impurities such as aluminum ash and the like float on the upper part of the aluminum liquid, and heavy impurities such as metals of iron, copper, lead, tin and the like are precipitated on the bottom of the furnace. The aluminum liquid temperature is reduced after the aluminum scrap capacitor absorbs heat and melts, the low-temperature aluminum liquid enters the medium-frequency smelting chamber through the ascending channel under the action of gravity, so that the aluminum liquid entering the medium-frequency smelting chamber is purer and is heated and overheated in the medium-frequency smelting chamber in a power heating mode, the phenomenon that metal is burnt by flame heating is avoided in the process, the recovery rate of the aluminum metal is high, and the aluminum liquid lifting pump lifts the overheated aluminum liquid to enter the pyrolysis smelting chamber through the aluminum liquid return pipeline, so that the circulation process is completed. The aluminum discharging process is to extract the aluminum liquid through an aluminum liquid outlet in an extraction mode so as to carry out subsequent ingot casting.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the utility model. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double chamber furnace for smelting aluminum scrap capacitor according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
FIG. 2 is a schematic A-A schematic cross-sectional view of a double chamber furnace for smelting aluminum scrap capacitor according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
The drawings include: 1. a medium frequency smelting chamber; 2. an aluminum liquid discharge port; 3. an aluminum liquid lifting pump; 4. an aluminum liquid return pipeline; 5. a smoke outlet; 6. an aluminum capacitor charging port; 7. a pyrolysis smelting chamber; 8. an impurity discharge port; 9. a furnace base; 10. and an aluminum liquid rising channel.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present utility model and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment of the utility model provides a double-chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitors, wherein the equipment for smelting the waste aluminum capacitors is a double-chamber smelting furnace, and the double-chamber smelting furnace comprises an intermediate frequency smelting chamber 1 and a pyrolysis smelting chamber 7, wherein the intermediate frequency smelting chamber 7 is provided with an aluminum liquid outlet 2; the pyrolysis smelting chamber is provided with a waste aluminum capacitor inlet 6, a flue gas outlet 5 and an impurity outlet 8; the medium frequency smelting chamber and the pyrolysis smelting chamber are connected by an aluminum liquid lifting channel 10 and an aluminum liquid lifting pump 3 and an aluminum liquid return pipeline 4. The aluminum liquid lifting pump 3 and the aluminum liquid reflux pipeline 4 are made of aluminum liquid corrosion resistant materials, and adopt heat preservation measures, and the pyrolysis smelting chamber 7 mainly has the functions of pyrolysis of organic components in the aluminum scrap capacitor, melting of metal aluminum, discharging of impurity metals such as iron and the like, and the heat of the aluminum liquid lifting pump is input by the overheat aluminum liquid generated by the intermediate frequency smelting chamber; the function of the medium-frequency smelting chamber is mainly that an intermediate-frequency heating mode is adopted to heat the aluminum liquid to form overheated aluminum liquid; the superheated aluminum liquid circularly flows between the pyrolysis smelting chamber and the medium-frequency smelting chamber under the action of the aluminum liquid lifting pump 3 and the aluminum liquid return pipeline 4, so that the circulating process of heating the scrap aluminum capacitor by the superheated aluminum liquid, pyrolyzing the scrap aluminum capacitor, melting the molten aluminum liquid, flowing the molten aluminum liquid into the medium-frequency smelting chamber and heating the low-temperature aluminum liquid is realized.
The double-chamber smelting furnace is only provided with a raw material inlet, namely a waste capacitor inlet 6 and an aluminum liquid outlet 2, and aluminum liquid in the pyrolysis smelting chamber automatically flows into the intermediate frequency smelting chamber 1 through an aluminum liquid rising channel 10 by virtue of pressure generated by the liquid level difference between the pyrolysis smelting chamber 7 and the intermediate frequency smelting chamber 1. The bottom of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is obliquely provided with a furnace base 9, the top of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is positioned below a liquid inlet of an aluminum liquid rising channel, and the bottom of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is positioned at an impurity discharge outlet 8, so that metal impurities with higher densities such as iron, copper, tin and the like are conveniently deposited at the lower part of the furnace bottom and are conveniently discharged from the impurity discharge outlet 8; the double chamber smelting furnace of the present utility model also has features common to pyrometallurgical apparatus such as: the furnace shell is made of steel and is arranged on the steel frame, the refractory material is contacted with molten aluminum, and mineral fibers are filled between the steel furnace shell and the refractory material for heat preservation of the furnace body, and the details are not repeated.
The embodiment also provides a smelting system of the waste aluminum capacitor, which comprises a raw material pretreatment system, a feeding system, a double-chamber smelting furnace, a slag discharging system, an ingot casting system and a flue gas treatment system. The raw material processing system processes the waste aluminum capacitance until the waste aluminum capacitance meets the furnace charging standard, and the functions of drying, crushing, screening, magnetic separation and the like are met but not limited to be met; the feeding system is used for weighing and matching raw materials and then adding the raw materials into the double-chamber smelting furnace, and the feeding system is preferably a belt type feeding system; the slag discharging system comprises a tapping machine, a slag ladle and the like, after smelting for a certain time, the impurity components at the bottom of the furnace store a considerable amount, the charging is stopped, an impurity discharging outlet 8 is opened by the tapping machine, impurity metals such as iron, copper, lead, tin and the like, aluminum ash residues on the surface of the solution and residual aluminum liquid enter the slag ladle through the impurity discharging outlet 8; the ingot casting system is used for casting aluminum liquid into aluminum ingots; the flue gas system adopts a general hazardous waste flue gas treatment system and mainly comprises a secondary combustion chamber, a waste heat boiler, an SNCR device, a quenching device, an active carbon and lime injection device, a bag-type dust remover, a wet deacidification device, a flue gas reheating device, an induced draft fan, a high-altitude chimney and the like.
The smelting method of the capacitor double-chamber furnace for smelting the aluminum scrap in the embodiment comprises the following steps: when the furnace is opened, the prepared aluminum liquid is added into the double-chamber smelting furnace through the aluminum capacitor inlet 6 so as to prevent the aluminum liquid from solidifying in the furnace, the aluminum liquid has a superheat degree of about 100 ℃, the aluminum liquid is filled in an aluminum liquid rising channel, an intermediate frequency heating device is started to heat the aluminum liquid in the intermediate frequency smelting chamber, the melting point of aluminum is 660 ℃, the temperature of the aluminum liquid heated in the intermediate frequency smelting chamber reaches 760 ℃, an aluminum liquid lifting pump is started to extract the overheated aluminum liquid into a pyrolysis smelting chamber, a raw aluminum capacitor is added into the pyrolysis smelting chamber according to a certain feeding speed, the aluminum capacitor is heated by the overheated aluminum liquid, organic matters in the aluminum capacitor are decomposed, metal aluminum is melted, heavier impurities are deposited on the furnace bottom, lighter impurity components float on the upper part of the aluminum liquid, the aluminum liquid is reduced in temperature after the aluminum capacitor absorbs heat and is melted, the aluminum liquid at low temperature enters the intermediate frequency chamber through the rising channel under the action of gravity, the aluminum liquid is heated in the intermediate frequency smelting chamber through an electric heating mode, and the aluminum liquid is overheated. The aluminum liquid lifting pump lifts the overheated aluminum liquid to enter the pyrolysis smelting chamber through the aluminum liquid return pipeline, so that the circulation process is completed. And finally, regularly pumping the aluminum liquid out of the medium-frequency smelting chamber by an aluminum liquid suction pump to cast ingots, thereby realizing high-efficiency environment-friendly smelting of the aluminum scrap capacitor.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present utility model, and specific technical solutions and/or features that are well known in the art have not been described in detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present utility model, and in the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," etc. are to be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. The protection scope of the present utility model is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A double chamber furnace for smelting a waste aluminum capacitor is characterized in that: comprises a pyrolysis smelting chamber and a medium-frequency smelting chamber; the upper part of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is provided with a scrap aluminum capacitor charging port and a flue gas discharging port, and the lower part of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is provided with an impurity discharging port; the medium-frequency smelting chamber is provided with an aluminum liquid outlet; an aluminum liquid rising channel is arranged between the pyrolysis smelting chamber and the intermediate frequency smelting chamber, a liquid inlet of the aluminum liquid rising channel is positioned between an impurity discharge outlet and the lowest liquid level of the pyrolysis smelting chamber, and a liquid outlet of the aluminum liquid rising channel is positioned in the intermediate frequency smelting chamber; an aluminum liquid reflux pipeline and an aluminum liquid lifting pump connected in series on the aluminum liquid reflux pipeline are arranged between the medium-frequency smelting chamber and the pyrolysis smelting chamber.
2. A double chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor as defined in claim 1, wherein: and the aluminum liquid lifting pump and the aluminum liquid reflux pipeline are provided with heat insulation layers.
3. A double chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is obliquely provided with a furnace base, the top of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is positioned below a liquid inlet of the aluminum liquid rising channel, and the bottom of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is positioned at an impurity outlet.
4. A double chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the liquid inlet height of the aluminum liquid rising channel is lower than the liquid outlet height.
5. A double chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the waste aluminum capacitor charging port is normally closed.
6. A double chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor as defined in claim 1, wherein: and a smoke outlet of the pyrolysis smelting chamber is connected with an induced draft fan.
7. A double chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor as defined in claim 1, wherein: and refractory material layers are arranged on the inner walls of the pyrolysis smelting chamber and the intermediate frequency smelting chamber.
8. A double chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor as defined in claim 7, wherein: and a mineral fiber layer is filled between the refractory material layer and the furnace body.
CN202320309252.7U 2023-02-24 2023-02-24 Double-chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor Active CN219869084U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202320309252.7U CN219869084U (en) 2023-02-24 2023-02-24 Double-chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202320309252.7U CN219869084U (en) 2023-02-24 2023-02-24 Double-chamber furnace for smelting waste aluminum capacitor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN219869084U true CN219869084U (en) 2023-10-20

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