CN114470858A - Method for extracting various products in oat bran by one-step method - Google Patents
Method for extracting various products in oat bran by one-step method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114470858A CN114470858A CN202210035786.5A CN202210035786A CN114470858A CN 114470858 A CN114470858 A CN 114470858A CN 202210035786 A CN202210035786 A CN 202210035786A CN 114470858 A CN114470858 A CN 114470858A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229920002498 Beta-glucan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000287 crude extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229930190481 Avenanthramide Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 76
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 74
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000005781 Avena Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000005422 Distichlis palmeri Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000077283 Distichlis palmeri Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005016 Intestinal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012870 ammonium sulfate precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012869 ethanol precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000002313 intestinal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009759 skin aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000194 supercritical-fluid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0288—Applications, solvents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting various products in oat bran by a one-step method, which comprises the following steps: clean oat bran, fine grinding of oat bran; putting into an extractor, circulating water and oat bran reversely, pumping the enzymolysis liquid into a circulating system, and separating oat bran dregs through the extractor to obtain a solid isolate; heating to inactivate enzyme; obtaining filtrate, and separating the filtrate by a ceramic membrane to obtain crude extract containing oil and other nutrient components; separating out essential oil, removing macromolecular impurities from the crude essential oil by using ceramic membrane microfiltration equipment, separating by using ceramic membrane ultrafiltration equipment, removing micromolecular impurities to obtain avenanthramides, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil; separating other nutritional components to obtain oat beta glucan and oat polypeptide; concentrating the oat polypeptide separation solution to obtain oat polypeptide; separating the oat beta glucan with different molecular weights to obtain different oat beta glucans. Can more fully utilize oat bran to quickly extract functional nutrient components, and the process is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction, in particular to a method for extracting various products in oat bran by a one-step method.
Background
Oats, also known as brome and wild wheat, are important cereal grains for humans and are grown in many countries of the world. The governments in Zhangjiakou areas in Hebei invest a large amount of funds to develop the organic oat industry, and at present, the yield of oats in Zhangjiakou areas is the first in China. Meanwhile, the oat processing industry in Zhangjiakou area is more centralized, and products such as oatmeal, oat flour and the like are sold in various regions at home.
Oat bran is a product abandoned in the oat processing process, people neglect the rich nutritional value of the oat bran, and only use the oat bran as a feed, so that the nutritional value of the oat bran is greatly wasted. In the oat bran, the content of beta-glucan is up to 9.8%, the content of oat protein is up to 10.2%, and the content of oat oil is up to 9.4%. The beta-glucan has the functions of regulating blood fat and blood sugar metabolism and preventing intestinal cancer and other diseases. The oat protein has 8 amino acids necessary for human beings, and the proportion of each amino acid is reasonable. The oat essential oil is a high-quality cosmetic raw material and has the effects of moisturizing, resisting skin aging, resisting skin oxidation and the like.
The oat extract is early conscious abroad, mainly focuses on European and American countries, and is already put into production in batches. However, the domestic oat extraction industry develops relatively late, only a part of oat extracts are developed at present, and most of the oat extracts are still in the research and development stage of laboratories. The domestic manufacturers develop the extraction process of beta glucan in oat bran, and have mass production and sale in the market, but the products of oat essential oil, oat protein and oat alkaloid are limited in the domestic market by the extraction technology, the extraction yield, the extraction cost and the like at present.
In the existing oat extract industry in China, a method for respectively extracting single nutrient components of oat is realized. But not much has been achieved for industrial production. Oat beta glucan extraction companies exist in Guangzhou, Xian, Jiangsu, Hebei, and the like in China. However, the industrialized production of the oat extract is mostly in the research and development stage, and the mass production is not much realized. Many processes still adopt extraction means such as ethanol precipitation and ammonium sulfate precipitation. The process can bring secondary pollution to products and cannot ensure safe use of the products.
Tulan English, Huang catalpi, Zhao, etc. the supercritical extraction technology used in the "extraction of oat bran oil and fatty acid component analysis" and researched by Zhao Qin, etc. is difficult to realize industrial mass production. The petroleum ether used in the research on the extraction and refining technology of oat oil by anyqing, wandering thinking far, Weizheng, Zhang Xiaoping, Dong Yin Mao and so on has limited solvent, high extraction temperature and large energy consumption.
A method for extracting BETA-glucan from cereal bran, application No. 200910022588.X, describes a method which uses ammonium sulfate for precipitation, the ammonium sulfate causes secondary pollution to products, simultaneously, the protein removal is not ideal, the oat BETA-glucan product with high content is difficult to achieve, the product is easy to have ammonium taste, and the product use is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for extracting various products in oat bran by a one-step method, which overcomes the defects in the prior art, and the oat bran can be more fully utilized and can be applied to industrial production by innovating a method for extracting various components in the oat bran.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a one-step method for extracting multiple products from oat bran comprises the following steps:
(1) taking clean oat bran, finely grinding and screening the oat bran until the fineness of the particles is 40-100 meshes;
(2) putting the oat bran into an extractor at a rate of 1-5 tons/hour, circulating water at a rate of 2-8 tons/hour in a reverse direction with the oat bran, pumping enzymolysis liquid into the circulating system at a rate of 50-200 milliliters/minute, and allowing the oat bran to contact with the circulating water for 1-5 hours;
(3) after the step (2), separating oat bran residues by an extractor to obtain a solid isolate;
(4) heating the separation liquid in the step (3) to inactivate enzyme;
(5) filtering the separation liquid obtained in the step (4) by a ceramic membrane to obtain a filtrate, and separating the filtrate by the ceramic membrane to respectively obtain an oil-containing crude extract and other nutrient components;
(6) separating the essential oil from the crude extract containing the oil in the step (5) by an oil-water separator, removing macromolecular impurities from the crude extract containing the oil by ceramic membrane microfiltration equipment, then separating and purifying by ceramic membrane ultrafiltration equipment to remove the micromolecular impurities to obtain the avenanthramides, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil;
(7) separating and purifying the other nutrient components in the step (5) by using organic nanofiltration equipment to obtain oat beta glucan extracting solution and oat polypeptide separating solution;
(8) concentrating the oat polypeptide separation liquid in the step (7) by using organic nanofiltration equipment, and spraying to obtain oat polypeptide;
(9) and (4) separating the oat beta glucan extracting solution in the step (7) by using a separation membrane to obtain oat beta glucans with different molecular weights.
Preferably, a one-step method for extracting multiple products from oat bran comprises the following steps: .
(1) Taking clean oat bran, finely grinding and screening the oat bran until the fineness of the particles is 50-60 meshes;
(2) putting the oat bran into an extractor at a rate of 2-3 tons/hour, reversely circulating water and the oat bran at a rate of 4-6 tons/hour, pumping enzymolysis liquid into the circulating system at a rate of 50-100 milliliters/minute, and allowing the oat bran to contact with the circulating water for 2-4 hours;
(3) after the step (2), separating oat bran residues by an extractor to obtain a solid isolate;
(4) heating the separation liquid in the step (3) to inactivate enzyme;
(5) filtering the separation liquid obtained in the step (4) by a ceramic membrane to obtain a filtrate, and separating the filtrate by the ceramic membrane to respectively obtain an oil-containing crude extract and other nutrient components;
(6) separating the essential oil from the crude extract containing the oil in the step (5) by an oil-water separator, removing macromolecular impurities from the crude extract containing the oil by ceramic membrane microfiltration equipment, then separating and purifying by ceramic membrane ultrafiltration equipment to remove the micromolecular impurities to obtain the avenanthramides, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil;
(7) separating and purifying the other nutrient components in the step (5) by using organic nanofiltration equipment to obtain oat beta glucan extracting solution and oat polypeptide separating solution;
(8) concentrating the oat polypeptide separation liquid in the step (7) by using organic nanofiltration equipment, and spraying to obtain oat polypeptide;
(9) and (4) separating the oat beta glucan extracting solution in the step (7) by using a separation membrane to obtain oat beta glucans with different molecular weights.
In the above scheme, the solid isolate obtained in step (3) can be used as a feed filler.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, the enzymolysis solution in the step (2) is composed of amylase, protease and cellulase.
Further preferably, in the above technical scheme, the enzymatic hydrolysate is composed of 10-50 ten thousand U/g amylase, 10-50 ten thousand U/g protease and 5-30 ten thousand U/g cellulase. The enzymatic hydrolysate is composed of 10-50 million U/g of amylase, which can be 10 million U/g of amylase, 20 million U/g of amylase, 30 million U/g of amylase, 40 million U/g of amylase and 50 million U/g of amylase, the 10-50 million U/g of protease can be 10 million U/g of protease, 20 million U/g of protease, 30 million U/g of protease, 40 million U/g of protease and 50 million U/g of protease, and the 5-30 million U/g of cellulase can be 5 million U/g of cellulase, 10 million U/g of cellulase, 15 million U/g of cellulase, 20 million U/g of cellulase, 25 million U/g of cellulase and 30 million U/g of cellulase.
Further preferably, in the above technical scheme, the enzymatic hydrolysate is composed of 20 ten thousand U/g amylase, 20 ten thousand U/g protease and 10 ten thousand U/g cellulase.
Further preferably, in the above technical scheme, the filtrate obtained in step (5) is filtered through a 1-2 μm ceramic membrane, and the filtrate is separated through a 10-80nm ceramic membrane; wherein the 1-2 μm ceramic membrane can be 1 μm ceramic membrane, 1.2 μm ceramic membrane, 1.4 μm ceramic membrane, 1.6 μm ceramic membrane, 1.8 μm ceramic membrane, 2 μm ceramic membrane, and can be fine filtered and clarified to remove macromolecule insoluble impurities; the 10-80nm ceramic film may be 10nm ceramic film, 20nm ceramic film, 30nm ceramic film, 40nm ceramic film, 50nm ceramic film, 60nm ceramic film, 70nm ceramic film, or 80nm ceramic film.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, the filtrate obtained in step (5) is filtered through a 1.2 μm ceramic membrane, and the filtrate is separated through a 50nm ceramic membrane.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, the rotation speed of the separator in the step (6) is 14000-; wherein, the rotating speed of the separator in the step (6) can be 14000r/min, 15000r/min, 16000r/min, 17000r/min and 18000 r/min.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, the temperature of the circulating water in the step (2) is 45-65 ℃; wherein the temperature of the circulating water in the step (2) can be 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃ and 65 ℃.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, the other nutritional components in step (7) are separated and purified by 8000-. The organic membrane permeate is circulated to an extraction working section to be used as an extracting solution, so that water is saved, and meanwhile, the extracting solution is at about 50 ℃, so that the heat source consumption can be reduced.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, the oat polypeptide separation solution in step (8) is concentrated by 300-500 dalton organic nanofiltration equipment, and is sprayed to obtain the oat polypeptide, wherein 300-500 can be 300, 350, 400, 450, 500.
Further preferably, in the above technical solution, the temperature raising temperature in the step (4) is 90-150 ℃, wherein the temperature raising temperature may be 90 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃ and 150 ℃.
Further preferably, in the above technical scheme, the separation membrane in step (9) is a special membrane for polysaccharide separation of GE company, and separates oat beta glucan with different molecular weights, wherein the molecular weight of less than 10 kilodaltons is an oat beta glucan product, and the oat beta glucan product can be used for cosmetics and mainly has the effects of moisturizing and repairing. Another oat beta glucan product having a molecular weight greater than 10 kilodaltons, useful for food use, as a dietary fiber supplement.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the method can more fully utilize oat bran to quickly extract functional nutritional ingredients, is suitable for industrial production, does not use an organic solvent in the whole process, realizes low energy consumption through an organic and inorganic separation membrane, realizes continuous closed separation and purification, reasonably avoids the pollution of products by external microorganisms and other impurities, uses recycled process water, reduces the water consumption and the energy consumption for water heating, recycles high-temperature gas at a spray waste gas port, solves the problem of oat bran drying, and also solves the problem of heat source loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
(1) Mixing clean oat bran with 0.2% sodium chloride, crushing by using an universal crusher, carrying out ultrasonic vibration screening, and separating the bran with the particle fineness of 50 meshes for later use;
(2) oat bran was fed into the continuous countercurrent extractor at 2 t/h and circulating water at 60 ℃ was pumped into the countercurrent extractor at 4 t/h. The oat bran and the extracting solution form countercurrent mixing at the rotating speed of 60 r/h under the driving of a solid pusher. The enzymolysis liquid (20 ten thousand U/g amylase, 20 ten thousand U/g protease and 10 ten thousand U/g cellulase, volume ratio: 2:2: 0.8) is metered into the circulation system by 50 ml/min, the PH value is natural, and adjustment is not needed. The contact time of the oat bran and the circulating water is 4 hours;
(3) after the step (2), separating, screening and extruding oat bran residues through a solid-liquid separation screen at the tail end of the countercurrent extractor to obtain a solid separated matter;
(4) heating the separation liquid in the step (3) to 90 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and inactivating enzyme;
(5) filtering the separation liquid obtained in the step (4) by a ceramic membrane with the aperture of 1.4 microns and the operating pressure of 0.4-0.5MPa to obtain filtrate, and separating the filtrate by a ceramic membrane with the aperture of 50nm and the operating pressure of 0.3-0.45MPa to respectively obtain crude extract containing oil and other nutrient components;
(6) separating the essential oil from the crude extract containing the oil in the step (5) by a tubular oil-water separator at 16000r/min, removing macromolecular impurities by passing the crude extract through a 300 kilodalton ceramic membrane under the operation pressure of 0.2-0.35MPa, then removing the micromolecular impurities by passing through a 5 kilodalton ceramic membrane under the operation pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa to obtain oat alkaloids, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil;
(7) separating and purifying the other nutrient components in the step (5) by 30000 Dalton organic nanofiltration equipment under the operating pressure of 0.5-0.6MPa to obtain oat beta glucan extracting solution and oat polypeptide separating solution;
(8) concentrating the oat polypeptide separation liquid in the step (7) by using 300 dalton organic nanofiltration equipment, wherein the operating pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, and spraying the concentrated solution to obtain oat polypeptide;
(9) and (4) separating the oat beta glucan extracting solution in the step (7) by using an organic nanofiltration membrane of 100000 daltons and 3000 daltons, wherein the operating pressure is 0.5-0.6 MPa. Separating the oat beta glucans with different molecular weights to obtain the oat beta glucans with different molecular weights.
Example 2
(1) Mixing clean oat bran with 0.2% sodium chloride, pulverizing with a universal pulverizer, ultrasonically vibrating and screening, and separating the bran with the particle fineness of 60 meshes for later use;
(2) oat bran was fed into the continuous countercurrent extractor at 3 tons/hour and circulating water at 65 ℃ was pumped into the countercurrent extractor at 6 tons/hour. Oat bran is driven by a solid pusher to form countercurrent mixing with the extracting solution at the rotating speed of 60 r/h. The enzymolysis liquid (10 ten thousand U/g amylase, 10 ten thousand U/g protease and 5 ten thousand U/g cellulase, the volume ratio is 2:2: 0.8) is metered into a circulation system at 70 ml/min, the PH value is natural, and adjustment is not needed. The contact time of the oat bran and circulating water is 2 hours;
(3) after the step (2), separating, screening and extruding oat bran residues through a solid-liquid separation screen at the tail end of the countercurrent extractor to obtain a solid separated matter;
(4) heating the separation liquid in the step (3) to 100 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and inactivating enzyme;
(5) filtering the separation liquid obtained in the step (4) by a ceramic membrane with the aperture of 1 micron and the operating pressure of 0.4-0.5MPa to obtain filtrate, and separating the filtrate by a ceramic membrane with the aperture of 50nm and the operating pressure of 0.3-0.45MPa to respectively obtain crude extract containing oil and other nutrient components;
(6) separating the essential oil from the crude extract containing the oil obtained in the step (5) by a tubular oil-water separator at 14000r/min, removing macromolecular impurities by passing the crude extract through a 300 kilodalton ceramic membrane under the operation pressure of 0.2-0.35MPa, then removing the micromolecular impurities by passing through a 5 kilodalton ceramic membrane under the operation pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa to obtain avena alkaloids, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil;
(7) separating and purifying the other nutrient components in the step (5) by 10000 Dalton organic nanofiltration equipment under the operation pressure of 0.5-0.6MPa to obtain oat beta glucan extracting solution and oat polypeptide separating solution;
(8) concentrating the oat polypeptide separation liquid in the step (7) by 400 dalton organic nanofiltration equipment, wherein the operating pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, and spraying the concentrated solution to obtain oat polypeptide;
(9) and (4) separating the oat beta glucan extracting solution in the step (7) by using an organic nanofiltration membrane of 100000 daltons and 3000 daltons, wherein the operating pressure is 0.5-0.6 MPa. Separating the oat beta glucans with different molecular weights to obtain the oat beta glucans with different molecular weights.
Example 3
(1) Mixing clean oat bran with 0.2% sodium chloride, pulverizing with a universal pulverizer, ultrasonically vibrating and screening, and separating the oat bran with the particle fineness of 40 meshes for later use;
(2) oat bran was fed into the continuous countercurrent extractor at 4 tons/hour and circulating water at 45 ℃ was pumped into the countercurrent extractor at 3 tons/hour. Oat bran is driven by a solid pusher to form countercurrent mixing with the extracting solution at the rotating speed of 60 r/h. The enzymolysis liquid (15 ten thousand U/g amylase, 15 ten thousand U/g protease and 7.5 ten thousand U/g cellulase, the volume ratio is 2:2: 0.8) is metered into a circulation system at the rate of 80 ml/min, the pH value is natural, and adjustment is not needed. The contact time of the oat bran and circulating water is 3 hours;
(3) after the step (2), separating, screening and extruding oat bran residues through a solid-liquid separation screen at the tail end of the countercurrent extractor to obtain a solid separated matter;
(4) heating the separation liquid in the step (3) to 95 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and inactivating enzyme;
(5) filtering the separation liquid obtained in the step (4) by a ceramic membrane with the aperture of 1.6 microns and the operating pressure of 0.4-0.5MPa to obtain filtrate, and separating the filtrate by a ceramic membrane with the aperture of 50nm and the operating pressure of 0.3-0.45MPa to respectively obtain crude extract containing oil and other nutrient components;
(6) separating the essential oil from the crude extract containing the oil obtained in the step (5) by a tubular oil-water separator at 18000r/min, removing macromolecular impurities by passing the crude extract containing the oil through a 300 kilodalton ceramic membrane under the operation pressure of 0.2-0.35MPa, then removing the micromolecular impurities by passing the crude extract containing the oil through a 5 kilodalton ceramic membrane under the operation pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa to obtain the oat alkaloid, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil;
(7) separating and purifying the other nutrient components in the step (5) by 3000 Dalton organic nanofiltration equipment under the operation pressure of 0.5-0.6MPa to obtain oat beta glucan extracting solution and oat polypeptide separating solution;
(8) concentrating the oat polypeptide separation liquid in the step (7) by 400 dalton organic nanofiltration equipment, wherein the operating pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, and spraying the concentrated solution to obtain oat polypeptide;
(9) and (4) separating the oat beta glucan extracting solution in the step (7) by using an organic nanofiltration membrane of 100000 daltons and 3000 daltons, wherein the operating pressure is 0.5-0.6 MPa. Separating the oat beta glucans with different molecular weights to obtain the oat beta glucans with different molecular weights.
Example 4
(1) Mixing clean oat bran with 0.2% sodium chloride, pulverizing with a universal pulverizer, ultrasonically vibrating and screening, and separating the oat bran with the particle fineness of 100 meshes for later use;
(2) oat bran was fed into the continuous countercurrent extractor at 1 ton/hour and circulating water at 55 c was pumped into the countercurrent extractor at 2 ton/hour. Oat bran is driven by a solid pusher to form countercurrent mixing with the extracting solution at the rotating speed of 60 r/h. The enzymolysis liquid (50 ten thousand U/g amylase, 50 ten thousand U/g protease and 25 ten thousand U/g cellulase, the volume ratio is 2:2: 0.8) is metered into a circulation system at the rate of 100 ml/min, the pH value is natural, and adjustment is not needed. The contact time of the oat bran and the circulating water is 6 hours;
(3) after the step (2), separating, screening and extruding oat bran residues through a solid-liquid separation screen at the tail end of the countercurrent extractor to obtain a solid separated matter;
(4) heating the separation liquid in the step (3) to 120 ℃ through a heat exchanger, and inactivating enzyme;
(5) filtering the separation liquid obtained in the step (4) by a ceramic membrane with the aperture of 2 microns and the operating pressure of 0.4-0.5MPa to obtain filtrate, and separating the filtrate by a ceramic membrane with the aperture of 50nm and the operating pressure of 0.3-0.45MPa to respectively obtain crude extract containing oil and other nutrient components;
(6) separating the essential oil from the crude extract containing the oil in the step (5) by a tubular oil-water separator at 17000r/min, removing macromolecular impurities by passing the crude extract containing the oil through a 300 kilodalton ceramic membrane under the operation pressure of 0.2-0.35MPa, then removing the micromolecular impurities by passing the crude extract containing the oil through a 5 kilodalton ceramic membrane under the operation pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa to obtain the avena alkaloids, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil;
(7) separating and purifying the other nutrient components in the step (5) by 10000 Dalton organic nanofiltration equipment under the operation pressure of 0.5-0.6MPa to obtain oat beta glucan extracting solution and oat polypeptide separating solution;
(8) concentrating the oat polypeptide separation liquid in the step (7) by 400 dalton organic nanofiltration equipment, wherein the operating pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, and spraying the concentrated solution to obtain oat polypeptide;
(9) and (4) separating the oat beta glucan extracting solution in the step (7) by using an organic nanofiltration membrane of 100000 daltons and 3000 daltons, wherein the operating pressure is 0.5-0.6 MPa. Separating the oat beta glucans with different molecular weights to obtain the oat beta glucans with different molecular weights.
The invention can more fully utilize oat bran to quickly extract functional components, and the process is suitable for industrial production, and all the reagents are food-grade reagents in the whole process, so that the invention can be suitable for industrial production.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the specific features in any suitable way, and the invention will not be further described in relation to the various possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.
Claims (10)
1. A method for extracting various products in oat bran by a one-step method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking clean oat bran, finely grinding and screening the oat bran until the fineness of the particles is 40-100 meshes;
(2) putting the oat bran into an extractor at a rate of 1-5 tons/hour, circulating water at a rate of 2-8 tons/hour in a reverse direction with the oat bran, pumping enzymolysis liquid into the circulating system at a rate of 50-200 milliliters/minute, and allowing the oat bran to contact with the circulating water for 1-5 hours;
(3) after the step (2), separating oat bran residues by an extractor to obtain a solid isolate;
(4) heating the separation liquid in the step (3) to inactivate enzyme;
(5) filtering the separation liquid obtained in the step (4) by a ceramic membrane to obtain a filtrate, and separating the filtrate by the ceramic membrane to respectively obtain an oil-containing crude extract and other nutrient components;
(6) separating the essential oil from the crude extract containing the oil in the step (5) by an oil-water separator, removing macromolecular impurities from the crude extract containing the oil by ceramic membrane microfiltration equipment, then separating and purifying by ceramic membrane ultrafiltration equipment to remove the micromolecular impurities to obtain the avenanthramides, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil;
(7) separating and purifying the other nutrient components in the step (5) by using organic nanofiltration equipment to obtain oat beta glucan extracting solution and oat polypeptide separating solution;
(8) concentrating the oat polypeptide separation liquid obtained in the step (7) by using organic nanofiltration equipment, and spraying to obtain oat polypeptide;
(9) and (4) separating the oat beta glucan extracting solution in the step (7) by using a separation membrane to obtain oat beta glucans with different molecular weights.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) taking clean oat bran, finely grinding and screening the oat bran until the fineness of the particles is 50-60 meshes;
(2) putting the oat bran into an extractor at a rate of 2-3 tons/hour, reversely circulating water and the oat bran at a rate of 4-6 tons/hour, pumping enzymolysis liquid into the circulating system at a rate of 50-100 milliliters/minute, and allowing the oat bran to contact with the circulating water for 2-4 hours;
(3) after the step (2), separating oat bran residues by an extractor to obtain a solid isolate;
(4) heating the separation liquid in the step (3) to inactivate enzyme;
(5) filtering the separation liquid obtained in the step (4) by a ceramic membrane to obtain a filtrate, and separating the filtrate by the ceramic membrane to respectively obtain an oil-containing crude extract and other nutrient components;
(6) separating the essential oil from the crude extract containing the oil in the step (5) by an oil-water separator, removing macromolecular impurities from the crude extract containing the oil by ceramic membrane microfiltration equipment, then separating and purifying by ceramic membrane ultrafiltration equipment to remove the micromolecular impurities to obtain the avenanthramides, and concentrating to obtain the oat essential oil;
(7) separating and purifying the other nutrient components in the step (5) by using organic nanofiltration equipment to obtain oat beta glucan extracting solution and oat polypeptide separating solution;
(8) concentrating the oat polypeptide separation liquid in the step (7) by using organic nanofiltration equipment, and spraying to obtain oat polypeptide;
(9) and (4) separating the oat beta glucan extracting solution in the step (7) by using a separation membrane to obtain oat beta glucans with different molecular weights.
3. The one-step method for extracting multiple products from oat bran according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the enzymatic hydrolysate in the step (2) is composed of amylase, protease and cellulase.
4. The method for extracting a plurality of products from oat bran according to the claim 3, wherein the enzymatic hydrolysate is composed of 10-50 ten thousand U/g amylase, 10-50 ten thousand U/g protease and 5-30 ten thousand U/g cellulase;
preferably, the enzymolysis solution consists of 20 ten thousand U/g amylase, 20 ten thousand U/g protease and 10 ten thousand U/g cellulase.
5. The one-step method for extracting multiple products from oat bran according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) is performed by filtering through 1-2 μm ceramic membrane to obtain filtrate, and the filtrate is separated through 10-80nm ceramic membrane;
preferably, the step (5) is carried out by filtering through a 1.2 μm ceramic membrane to obtain a filtrate, and the filtrate is separated through a 50nm ceramic membrane.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the separator in step (6) is 14000-18000 r/min.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the circulating water in step (2) is 45-65 ℃.
8. The method for extracting multiple products from oat bran by one-step method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the other nutrient components in the step (7) are separated and purified by organic nanofiltration equipment with molecular weight of 3000-30000 daltons to obtain oat beta glucan extract and oat polypeptide separation liquid.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oat polypeptide separation liquid in step (8) is concentrated by an organic nanofiltration device with molecular weight of 300 and 500 daltons, and sprayed to obtain oat polypeptide.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the step (4) is 90-150 ℃.
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