CN114468266A - Stropharia rugosoannulata fresh base material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Stropharia rugosoannulata fresh base material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/32—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using phonon wave energy, e.g. sound or ultrasonic waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of deep processing of edible fungi, and particularly relates to a fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, wherein the thickness sense of the fresh base material is 0.42-0.64, the full taste is 5.9-6.72, and the delicate flavor is 9.6-10.19, on the basis of ensuring the basic delicate flavor, the thickness sense and the full taste are stronger than those of the fresh base material in the prior art, the sense is richer and more pleasant, and the taste of the base material is effectively improved; meanwhile, the method adopts an ultrasonic-assisted extraction mode to treat the stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, can effectively improve the polypeptide content in the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, the polypeptide content can reach 141.00-250.08 mg/g, and the nutrition of the fresh base material is enriched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of deep processing of edible fungi, and particularly relates to a fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Stropharia rugosoannulata, also called as red pine mushroom, is one of the edible fungi recommended by the food and agriculture organization (FAD) of the United nations to the developing countries and is also one of ten large varieties in the international mushroom trade market. According to the survey statistics of 2019 years of the edible fungus society of China, the second place of the edible fungus variety is increased by listing the yield of the stropharia rugosoannulata with the yield increase rate of 149.99 percent in China.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata is straw rotting edible fungi taking cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as growth substrates, and has high utilization rate of agricultural waste resources, so that the stropharia rugoso-annulata is widely popularized and planted in suburb areas in the Shanghai, and the development scale and the production level are rapidly improved. At present, the yield of the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata in the Shanghai self-production area meets or even is far greater than the market demand, the problems of product lost, price drop and the like occur due to rapid growth, concentrated harvesting and short preservation time of fresh products and volatile commodity value after opening the umbrella, and how to prolong the industrial chain and improve the added value of the products are the problems to be solved urgently in the current industry.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata is high in nutritive value, delicious in taste and rich in high-quality mushroom protein, the content of crude protein in a dried fruiting body of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is 40% -50%, the stropharia rugoso-annulata is a mushroom product with the highest protein content in edible mushrooms which is reported in research at present, and the stropharia rugoso-annulata is a high-quality raw material for developing mushroom protein, polypeptide and derivatives thereof. The umami peptide is a novel umami substance which is more concerned in recent years, has higher flavor characteristics and nutritive value, not only can bring pleasant taste feeling, but also can provide polypeptide and amino acid nutrient components, and has great development prospect in the field of food seasonings.
In the prior art, a boiling water extraction method or enzymolysis extraction method is mostly adopted to prepare a mushroom fresh base material, the boiling water extraction is time-consuming, and the prepared base material has low peptide content, easily damaged nutrition and low extraction efficiency; the cost of the hydrolase used in the enzymatic preparation is high, the enzymolysis easily generates bad flavors such as fishy smell and astringent taste, the enzymolysis process is not easy to control, the taste of the prepared base material is further influenced, and the cost of the subsequent base material blunt enzyme and filtering separation equipment is also high.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material and a preparation method and application thereof. The fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material provided by the invention has high peptide content, meets the basic delicate flavor, has stronger thick flavor and full mouthfeel, and has richer and more pleasant sense.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, wherein the content of polypeptide in the fresh base material is 141.00-250.08 mg/g.
The invention provides a preparation method of the base material in the technical scheme, which comprises the following preparation steps:
ultrasonically extracting stropharia rugoso-annulata to obtain a fresh base material of the stropharia rugoso-annulata;
the power density of ultrasonic extraction is 110-400W/L.
Preferably, the method of ultrasound extraction comprises flat-plate ultrasound or focused ultrasound.
Preferably, the pattern of ultrasound extraction comprises a single frequency or multiple frequencies.
Preferably, the multiple frequencies include sequential multiple frequencies or synchronous multiple frequencies; the sequential multi-frequency comprises a sequential double-frequency or a sequential triple-frequency; the synchronous multi-frequency includes a synchronous dual-frequency.
Preferably, the single frequency has a frequency of 20 kHz;
the sequential dual frequency is 20/28kHz, 28/40kHz or 20/40 kHz;
the sequential tri-frequency is 20/28/40kHz or 20/40/28 kHz;
the synchronous double frequency is 20/28kHz or 20/40 kHz.
Preferably, before the stropharia rugoso-annulata is ultrasonically extracted, water is utilized to be mixed with the dry powder of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, and the mass-volume ratio of the dry powder of the stropharia rugoso-annulata to the water is 40-60 g: 0.8-1.2L.
Preferably, the ultrasonic extraction time is 10-35 min.
Preferably, the ultrasonic extraction is batch extraction, and the batch ratio is 5s/5 s.
The invention also provides the application of the stropharia rugoso-annulata fresh base material in the technical scheme in preparing a fresh seasoning.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material which has the advantages that the thickness sense of the fresh base material is 0.42-0.64, the full taste is 5.9-6.72, and the delicate flavor is 9.6-10.19, on the basis of ensuring the basic delicate flavor, the thickness sense and the full taste are stronger than those of the fresh base material in the prior art, the sense is richer and more pleasant, and the taste of the base material is effectively improved. According to the invention, the fresh Stropharia rugosoannulata base material is prepared in an ultrasonic-assisted extraction mode, so that the polypeptide content of the fresh Stropharia rugosoannulata base material can be effectively increased, the polypeptide content can reach 141.00-250.08 mg/g, and the nutrition of the fresh Stropharia rugosoannulata base material is enriched; secondly, the invention improves the processing efficiency and the added value of the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material by establishing the process for preparing the fresh base material by multi-mode ultrasound. In addition, the preparation method disclosed by the invention is green and pollution-free, environment-friendly, low in energy cost and free of external source addition; and the process is simple and easy to operate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 shows the polypeptide content of the fresh matrix of Stropharia rugosoannulata prepared in examples 1-12;
FIG. 2 shows the content of polypeptides in the fresh matrix of Stropharia rugosoannulata prepared in examples 13-22;
FIG. 3 is a radar chart of the electronic tongue flavor in examples 23 to 26 and comparative examples 1 to 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, wherein the polypeptide content of the fresh base material is 141.00-250.08 mg/g.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata fresh base material can further improve the thick feeling and full taste of the fresh base material on the basis of meeting the delicate flavor of the conventional fresh base material, has richer and more pleasant sense and effectively improves the taste of the base material. Meanwhile, the stropharia rugoso-annulata polypeptide in the invention has higher content, and can enrich the nutritive value of the base material on the basis of improving the delicate flavor of the base material.
The invention provides a preparation method of the base material in the technical scheme, which comprises the following preparation steps:
ultrasonically extracting stropharia rugoso-annulata to obtain a fresh base material of the stropharia rugoso-annulata;
the power density of ultrasonic extraction is 110-400W/L.
The preparation method of the stropharia rugoso-annulata dry powder preferably comprises the steps of drying and crushing the stropharia rugoso-annulata to obtain the stropharia rugoso-annulata dry powder, and the stropharia rugoso-annulata is preferably a stropharia rugoso-annulata fruit body. According to the invention, hot air drying is preferably adopted for drying, and the temperature of hot air drying is preferably 45-65 ℃, and more preferably 55 ℃; the preferred ventilation volume is 3200-3800 m3H, more preferably 3500m3H; the heating rate is preferably 8-12 ℃/min, and more preferably 10 ℃/min; the drying time is preferably 8-17 h, and more preferably 12 h. The drying time in the present invention is preferably a time from the temperature rise to the end of drying. When the stropharia rugoso-annulata is dried under the drying conditions, the flavor component enrichment effect is better, and the product properties are better; wherein the flavor components comprise volatile aroma components of aldehydes, ketones and esters and nonvolatile flavor components such as amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides and soluble sugars; the product properties comprise that the shape and the color of the pileus are dark brown, the edge is regular, the stipe is dark yellow, the texture is crisp, the pileus is extremely fragile, the smell is fresh, the chewiness and the extrusion recovery force of the product are obviously improved, and the product can be closer to a fresh product state after being rehydrated. In the invention, the grain size of the stropharia rugoso-annulata dry powder is preferably 60-100 meshes, and more preferably 80 meshes; under the particle size, the extraction effect of the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material is better. The invention has no special requirement on the crushing mode, and the conventional crushing mode in the field is adopted to meet the requirement on the particle size.
The method ultrasonically extracts the stropharia rugoso-annulata dry powder to obtain the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material.
In the present invention, the method of ultrasound extraction preferably comprises flat-plate ultrasound or energy-focused ultrasound.
In the invention, the power density of ultrasonic extraction is 110-400W/L, preferably 115-350W/L, and more preferably 120-300W/L.
In the invention, single frequency adopts single ultrasonic frequency, and the frequency ultrasonic generator works alone to generate ultrasonic waves to process a sample within the ultrasonic action time;
sequential multifrequency is the use of multiple ultrasonic frequencies, and within the ultrasonic action time, the multiple frequency ultrasonic generators are sequentially operated to generate ultrasonic waves to treat the sample, such as 20/28kHz dual frequency, i.e. the ultrasonic equipment is operated at 20kHz and 28kHz sequentially within the ultrasonic action time as a cycle.
Synchronous multifrequency is to adopt a plurality of ultrasonic frequencies, and within the ultrasonic action time, a plurality of frequency ultrasonic generators are adopted to work simultaneously to generate ultrasonic waves to process a sample, such as synchronous double-frequency 20/28kHz, namely, 2 frequency ultrasonic generators of 20kHz and 28kHz are adopted to work simultaneously within the ultrasonic action time by ultrasonic equipment.
In the present invention, the pattern of the ultrasound extraction includes a single frequency or multiple frequencies; the frequency of the single frequency in the present invention is preferably 20 kHz. The multi-frequency in the present invention preferably includes synchronous multi-frequency or sequential multi-frequency; the sequential multi-frequency comprises a sequential double-frequency or a sequential triple-frequency; the synchronous multi-frequency comprises a synchronous dual-frequency; the frequency of the sequential double frequency is preferably 20/28kHz, 28/40kHz or 20/40kHz, more preferably 20/28 kHz; the sequential tri-frequency is preferably 20/28/40kHz or 20/40/28kHz, more preferably 20/28/40 kHz; the synchronous double frequency is preferably 20/40kHz or 20/28kHz, and is more preferably 20/28 kHz.
In combination with the ultrasonic extraction parameters, the invention preferably selects 300W/L, 20kHz energy-gathering ultrasonic treatment mode, 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz flat plate ultrasonic treatment mode, 120W/L, 20/40/28kHz flat panel ultrasonic treatment mode or 120W/L, 20/28kHz flat panel ultrasonic treatment mode, further preferably 300W/L, 20kHz energy-gathered ultrasonic treatment mode, 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz flat panel ultrasonic treatment mode or 120W/L, 20/40/28kHz flat panel ultrasonic treatment mode, further preferably 300W/L, 20kHz energy-gathered ultrasonic treatment mode or 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz flat panel ultrasonic treatment mode, more preferably 300W/L, 20kHz energy-gathered ultrasonic treatment mode.
In the invention, before the stropharia rugoso-annulata is ultrasonically extracted, water is preferably used for mixing with the stropharia rugoso-annulata dry powder, and the mass volume ratio of the stropharia rugoso-annulata dry powder to the water is preferably 40-60 g: 0.8-1.2L, more preferably 50 g: 1L of the compound.
In the invention, the time for ultrasonic extraction is preferably 10-35 min, more preferably 15-30 min, and further preferably 20 min. In the present invention, the ultrasonic extraction is preferably a batch extraction, and the batch ratio is preferably 5s/5 s. When the mode of ultrasonic extraction is single frequency, maintaining ultrasonic frequency pulse for 5s in the time of ultrasonic extraction, and pausing for 5s after single frequency ultrasonic action, wherein one cycle is 10 s; when the mode of ultrasonic extraction is sequential multifrequency, sequentially keeping 5s under each ultrasonic frequency pulse in the ultrasonic extraction time, and pausing for 5s after the sequential multifrequency action, such as sequential double frequency, wherein one cycle is 15 s; sequentially carrying out three frequencies, wherein one cycle is 20 s; when the mode of ultrasonic extraction is synchronous multifrequency, the ultrasonic extraction time is kept for 5s under each ultrasonic frequency pulse, the ultrasonic extraction is stopped for 5s after synchronous double-frequency action, and one cycle is 10 s.
The invention also provides the application of the stropharia rugoso-annulata fresh base material in the technical scheme in preparing a fresh seasoning. The fresh seasoning containing the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material has richer nutrition and mouthfeel compared with the conventional fresh seasoning, is free from external source addition, and is green and safe.
According to the invention, the stropharia rugoso-annulata extracting solution obtained by ultrasonic extraction of stropharia rugoso-annulata is preferably subjected to post-treatment to obtain the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material.
In the invention, the post-treatment comprises centrifugation and freeze drying, wherein the rotation speed of the centrifugation is preferably 7500-8500 rpm, and more preferably 8000 rpm; the time for centrifugation is preferably 10-20 min, and more preferably 15 min. The supernatant obtained by centrifugation is preferably freeze-dried in the invention, the temperature and time of the freeze-drying are not particularly limited, and the freeze-dried sample can be obtained by adopting the temperature and time which are conventional in the field.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions provided by the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Single frequency, high power density was prepared as follows:
example 1
The fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata is heated at 50 deg.C with ventilation of 3500m3Drying for 12h under the condition of/h to obtain the dried stropharia rugoso-annulata sporocarp, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min. And (3) crushing the stropharia rugoso-annulata to obtain the stropharia rugoso-annulata sporocarp dry powder, wherein the particle size of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is 60-100 meshes. Mixing 50g of dry powder with 1L of water, extracting by adopting a flat ultrasonic device, and adopting the preparation conditions of single frequency and high power density, wherein the specific ultrasonic power density is 300W/L, the ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz, the ultrasonic frequency pulse retention time is 5s, the single frequency ultrasonic action post-pause time is 5s, and the ultrasonic action extraction time is 10 min. Centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15min, collecting supernatant, and freeze drying at-70 deg.C for 48 hr to obtain fresh base material of Stropharia rugoso-annulata.
Example 2
The technical scheme in the embodiment 1 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 15 min.
Example 3
The technical scheme in the embodiment 1 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 20 min.
Example 4
The technical scheme in the embodiment 1 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 25 min.
Example 5
The technical scheme in the embodiment 1 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 30 min.
Example 6
The technical scheme in the embodiment 1 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 35 min.
Example 7
The technical scheme in the embodiment 1 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that energy-gathering ultrasonic equipment is adopted to extract.
Example 8
The technical scheme in the embodiment 7 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 15 min.
Example 9
The technical scheme in the embodiment 7 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 20 min.
Example 10
The technical scheme in the embodiment 7 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 25 min.
Example 11
The technical scheme in the embodiment 7 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 30 min.
Example 12
The technical scheme in the embodiment 7 is adopted to extract the stropharia rugoso-annulata into a fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic action extraction time is 35 min.
And (3) analyzing the polypeptide content of the fresh base material: the content of the polypeptide in the fresh base material of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is measured by adopting a TCA method (biuret method).
The determination method comprises the following specific steps: taking 0.1g of freeze-dried base material, adding 1mL of 0.4mol/L trichloroacetic acid, fully mixing, standing for 30min, centrifuging at 12000rpm at 4 ℃ for 10min, and collecting supernatant. And taking 10uL of supernatant, adding 190uL of biuret reagent, carrying out heat preservation reaction at 60 ℃ for 30min, and then measuring the light absorption value of the sample at 562 nm.
Polypeptide content (mg/g mushroom powder) × standard substance concentration (sample measurement absorbance-blank measurement absorbance) ÷ (standard substance measurement absorbance-blank measurement absorbance) ÷ 0.1 ÷ mushroom powder mass
Note: the standard substance is a tetrapeptide standard substance, and the concentration is 0.5 mg/mL; the blank is water; the mushroom powder is Stropharia rugoso-annulata fruiting body powder.
The polypeptide content of the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material is analyzed by adopting the determination method in the following examples and comparative examples, which are not described in detail below.
The content of polypeptides in the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material in examples 1 to 12 is shown in table 1 and fig. 1.
TABLE 1 polypeptide content in fresh Stropharia rugosoannulata base stocks prepared in examples 1-12
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 1, the polypeptide content in the plate treatment mode gradually increased with the increase of the action time, and the change was gentle after 20 min. The content of the polypeptide is highest under the treatment of 20min by energy-gathering ultrasound, and the content is in a descending trend along with the increase of the action time of ultrasound. Based on single-frequency and high-power density preparation conditions, the content of the polypeptide in the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material obtained by adopting flat-plate ultrasonic equipment and energy-gathering ultrasonic equipment is higher, the content of the polypeptide prepared by adopting the energy-gathering ultrasonic equipment is higher than that of the polypeptide extracted by adopting flat-plate ultrasonic extraction at each extraction time, and particularly, the content of the polypeptide in the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material extracted by adopting the energy-gathering ultrasonic equipment is higher under the condition that the extraction time is 20 min.
The low single frequency preparation conditions extraction protocol was as follows:
example 13
The technical scheme in the embodiment 3 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 120W/L.
Example 14
The technical scheme in the embodiment 3 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 150W/L.
Example 15
The technical scheme in the embodiment 3 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 200W/L.
Example 16
The technical scheme in the embodiment 3 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 250W/L.
Example 17
The technical scheme in the embodiment 3 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 400W/L.
Example 18
The technical scheme in the embodiment 9 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 120W/L.
Example 19
The technical scheme in the embodiment 9 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 150W/L.
Example 20
The technical scheme in the embodiment 9 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 200W/L.
Example 21
The technical scheme in the embodiment 9 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 250W/L.
Example 22
The technical scheme in the embodiment 9 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic power density is 400W/L.
The content of polypeptides in the fresh base material of Stropharia rugosoannulata in examples 13-22 is shown in Table 2 and FIG. 2.
TABLE 2 content of polypeptide in fresh base material of Stropharia rugosoannulata prepared in examples 13-22
As can be seen from Table 2 and FIG. 2, based on the low single-frequency preparation condition of the present invention, the content of the polypeptide is significantly increased under the ultrasonic high power density of 300W/L treatment in the energy-gathering ultrasonic treatment mode; the content of the polypeptide in the base material treated by the low-single-frequency energy-gathering ultrasonic low power density of 120W/L is equivalent to the content of the polypeptide in the base material treated by the low-single-frequency energy-gathering ultrasonic low power density of 250W/L. Under the low single-frequency flat plate ultrasonic treatment mode, the polypeptide content in the base material is in a gentle change trend along with the increase of the power density under the ultrasonic action; the polypeptide content in the medium-power density flat-plate ultrasonic treatment base material is slightly increased while the polypeptide content in the low-power density treatment base material is slightly increased. Furthermore, from the aspects of polypeptide yield and energy consumption, the ultrasonic mode for preparing the fresh base material of the Stropharia rugoso-annulata is preferably the ultrasonic treatment mode of 20kHz and 300W/L, the ultrasonic treatment mode of 20kHz and 120W/L or the flat ultrasonic treatment mode of 20kHz and 250W/L, further preferably the ultrasonic treatment mode of 20kHz and 300W/L or the ultrasonic treatment mode of 20kHz and 120W/L, and more preferably the ultrasonic treatment mode of 20kHz and 300W/L.
The technical scheme of the flat-plate ultrasonic multi-frequency low-power density is as follows:
example 23
The technical scheme in the embodiment 13 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic frequency is sequential double frequency, specifically 20/28kHz, the working time of each ultrasonic frequency pulse is 5s, and the intermittent time after sequential double frequency action is 5 s.
Example 24
The technical solution in example 23 was used to extract the fresh base material of Stropharia rugosoannulata, except that the frequency of the sequential double frequency was 20/40 kHz.
Example 25
The technical scheme in the embodiment 23 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic frequency is three frequencies in sequence, specifically 20/28/40 kHz.
Example 26
The technical scheme in the embodiment 23 is adopted to extract the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic frequency is three frequencies in sequence, specifically 20/40/28 kHz.
Comparative example 1
The technical solution in example 23 was used to extract the fresh base material of Stropharia rugosoannulata, except that the frequency of the sequential double frequency was 28/40 kHz.
The content of polypeptides in the fresh base material of stropharia rugoso-annulata in examples 23 to 26 and comparative example 1 is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 content of polypeptide in fresh base of Stropharia rugosoannulata in examples 23-26 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from Table 3, the fresh Stropharia rugosoannulata base material obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has high polypeptide content, wherein the polypeptide content in the base material prepared by low-power density and sequential three-frequency plate ultrasonic extraction is higher than the polypeptide content in the base material prepared by low-power density and sequential two-frequency plate ultrasonic extraction; the polypeptide content in the base material is in a decreasing trend along with the increase of the frequency in the ultrasonic action frequency combination. Therefore, in view of the yield of polypeptide, the sonication mode for preparing the fresh base material of Stropharia rugoso-annulata according to the present invention is preferably 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz plate sonication mode, 120W/L, 20/40/28kHz plate sonication mode, 120W/L, 20/28kHz or 120W/L, 20/40kHz, further preferably 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz, 120W/L, 20/40/28kHz or 120W/L, 20/28kHz, more preferably 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz or 120W/L, 20/40/28 kHz.
The technical scheme of energy-gathering ultrasonic multi-frequency high-power density is as follows:
example 27
The technical scheme of the embodiment 9 is adopted to prepare the stropharia rugoso-annulata fresh base material, and the difference is that the ultrasonic frequency is synchronous double frequency, specifically 20/28kHz, the pulse holding time of each ultrasonic frequency is 5s, and the intermittent time after the synchronous double frequency is acted is 5 s.
Example 28
The technical solution in example 27 was used to prepare a fresh matrix of stropharia rugoso-annulata, with the difference that a flat-panel ultrasound apparatus was used.
In examples 27-28, the content of polypeptides in the fresh base material of Stropharia rugosoannulata is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 content of polypeptide in fresh base of Stropharia rugosoannulata in examples 27-28
As can be seen from Table 4, under the conditions of high power density (300W/L) and synchronous double-frequency (20/28kHz) ultrasonic treatment, the content of the polypeptide in the base material prepared by ultrasonic energy-gathering mode extraction is superior to that in the ultrasonic flat plate mode. This is consistent with high power density (300W/L), single frequency (20kHz) sonication results.
By combining the results in tables 1-4, the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material obtained by the preparation method has higher polypeptide content, and the ultrasonic energy-gathering mode is superior to the ultrasonic flat-plate mode in the process of extracting and preparing the peptide-rich flavor base material by ultrasonic equipment under the same ultrasonic treatment conditions of low power density (120W/L) and high power density (300W/L); under the same ultrasonic working mode, the energy-gathered ultrasonic single frequency is superior to the energy-gathered ultrasonic multi-frequency combination, and the flat-plate ultrasonic multi-frequency combination is superior to the flat-plate ultrasonic single frequency action. From the aspect of polypeptide yield, the ultrasonic mode of the fresh base material of stropharia rugoso-annulata prepared by the invention is preferably 300W/L, 20kHz energy-gathered ultrasonic treatment mode, 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz plate ultrasonic treatment mode, 120W/L, 20/40/28kHz plate ultrasonic treatment mode or 120W/L, 20/28kHz plate ultrasonic treatment mode, further preferably 300W/L, 20kHz energy-gathered ultrasonic treatment mode, 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz plate ultrasonic treatment mode or 120W/L, 20/40/28kHz plate ultrasonic treatment mode, further preferably 300W/L, 20kHz energy-gathered ultrasonic treatment mode or 120W/L, 20/28/40kHz plate ultrasonic treatment mode, further preferably 300W/L, 20kHz focused ultrasound treatment mode.
Comparative example 2
The fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata is heated at 50 deg.C with ventilation of 3500m3Drying for 12h under the condition of/h to obtain the dried stropharia rugoso-annulata sporocarp, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min. And (3) crushing the stropharia rugoso-annulata to obtain the stropharia rugoso-annulata sporocarp dry powder, wherein the particle size of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is 60-100 meshes. Mixing 50g of the dry powderMixing with 1L water, and leaching with boiling water for 120 min. Centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15min, collecting supernatant, and freeze drying at-70 deg.C for 48 hr to obtain fresh base material of Stropharia rugoso-annulata. Through detection, the polypeptide content in the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material obtained by leaching with boiling water in the comparative example 2 is 119.2 mg/g.
From the above examples and comparative examples, it can be seen that the content of the polypeptide in the fresh base material obtained by ultrasonic extraction of stropharia rugoso-annulata according to the present invention is significantly higher than the content of the polypeptide in the fresh base material obtained by the preparation method of the comparative example.
Evaluating the flavor of the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material:
flavor base Umami (Umami), body (Aftertaste) and fullness (Richness) were analyzed using INSENT taste analysis System TS-5000Z.
The freshness score control is made by 0.2-1.0 mol/L sodium glutamate (MSG), and the MSG taste analysis score is shown in the following table.
TABLE 5MSG taste analysis scores
The method for evaluating the flavor of the electronic tongue specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) taking 0.1g of sample, adding deionized water to fix the volume to a 100mL volumetric flask, and accurately transferring 25mL of test solution to a sample cup special for an electronic tongue. Before measurement, the electronic tongue is subjected to the steps of self-checking, activation, calibration, diagnosis and the like, so that the reliability and stability of the acquired data are ensured. A reference solution is prepared by using 30mmol/LKCl solution and 0.3mmol/L tartaric acid solution. The sensor was placed in the reference solution for 30s to zero, and then taste measurements were started. The testing time is 30s, after the testing is finished, the reference solution is used for washing for 3s, and the aftertaste measurement is carried out again for 30 s. Each sample was repeated 4 times, and the last 3 times were taken as the test results. The results of the electronic tongue flavor measurements in examples 23 to 26 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 6 and FIG. 3:
TABLE 6 flavor results of electronic tongue measurement in examples 23 to 26 and comparative examples 1 to 2
As can be seen from table 6 and fig. 3, the ultrasound-assisted preparation of the polypeptide-based fresh base material is advantageous in terms of preparation time and polypeptide content. From the evaluation results of the electronic tongue, the polypeptide base material prepared by boiling water extraction and the polypeptide base material prepared by ultrasonic are equivalent in freshness, and the base material prepared by ultrasonic has advantages in thick taste and full mouthfeel compared with the base material prepared by water extraction, and is richer and more pleasant in sense. Therefore, by adopting the ultrasonic process for the fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, the nutrition and the flavor and taste of the base material can be effectively improved.
According to the embodiment and the comparative example, the method adopts an ultrasonic-assisted mode to extract the Stropharia rugoso-annulata, can effectively improve the polypeptide content in the fresh Stropharia rugoso-annulata base material, the polypeptide content can reach 141.00-250.08 mg/g, and can effectively improve the nutrition, the flavor and the taste of the base material.
Although the above embodiments have been described in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and all of the embodiments belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fresh stropharia rugoso-annulata base material is characterized in that the polypeptide content of the fresh base material is 141.00-250.08 mg/g.
2. The process for preparing the base according to claim 1, comprising the following preparation steps:
ultrasonically extracting stropharia rugoso-annulata to obtain a fresh base material of the stropharia rugoso-annulata;
the power density of ultrasonic extraction is 110-400W/L.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ultrasound extraction method comprises flat-plate ultrasound or focused ultrasound.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the pattern of ultrasonic extraction comprises a single frequency or multiple frequencies.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the multiple frequencies comprise sequential multiple frequencies or simultaneous multiple frequencies;
the sequential multi-frequency comprises a sequential double-frequency or a sequential triple-frequency;
the synchronous multi-frequency includes a synchronous dual-frequency.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 5, wherein the single frequency has a frequency of 20 kHz;
the sequential dual frequency is 20/28kHz, 28/40kHz or 20/40 kHz;
the sequential tri-frequency is 20/28/40kHz or 20/40/28 kHz;
the synchronous double frequency is 20/28kHz or 20/40 kHz.
7. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein before the stropharia rugoso-annulata is extracted by ultrasonic, water is used for mixing with the dry powder of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, and the mass-volume ratio of the dry powder of the stropharia rugoso-annulata to the water is 40-60 g: 0.8-1.2L.
8. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the time for ultrasonic extraction is 10-35 min.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the ultrasonic extraction is a batch extraction, and the batch ratio is 5s/5 s.
10. Use of the stropharia rugoso-annulata deli base according to claim 1 for the preparation of a deli condiment.
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| CN115819503B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-01-26 | 上海市农业科学院 | Stropharia rugoso-annulata salty active peptide with blood pressure reducing function and application thereof |
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