CN114467682B - Seedling raising substrate for torreya jackii, preparation method of seedling raising substrate and seedling raising method for torreya jackii - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a torreya jackii seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and a torreya jackii seedling culture method, and relates to the technical field of torreya jackii cultivation. The torreya jackii seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 200 parts of fallen leaves, 80 to 100 parts of cow dung, 20 to 30 parts of peat soil, 0.1 to 0.3 part of fulvic acid, 1 to 3 parts of urea, 0.5 to 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.02 to 0.05 part of hydrated lime and 0.1 to 0.3 part of EM bacterial agent; the fallen leaves are one or more of mallotus japonicus, hornbeam, wood oil tree and Hangzhou elm fallen leaves. The components of the invention have synergistic effect, and the torreya jackii seeds are cultured, so that the germination and growth of the seeds can be promoted, the survival rate of the seeds is improved, and the outplanting time of the torreya jackii seedlings is shortened. The survival rate of transplanted torreya jackii after outplanting can reach 100 percent.

Description

Seedling raising substrate for torreya jackii, preparation method of seedling raising substrate and seedling raising method for torreya jackii

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of torreya jackii cultivation, in particular to a torreya jackii seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof and a torreya jackii seedling culture method.

Background

Torreya jackii Hemsl, also named Zhejiang and Torreya grandis, belongs to Taxaceae, torreya genus, is a new generation of residual gymnospermum plant of the third generation, a rare tree species in China. The distribution range of the torreya jackii is narrow and slow in growth. Therefore, a reasonable Chinese torreya jackii propagation method is needed to fill the existing Chinese torreya jackii species. The prior art relates to a method for breeding torreya jackii including a seed seedling method and a cutting seedling method, wherein the seedling growing method of the seed prolongs the outplanting time of the torreya jackii seedling to 2 years due to unreasonable seeding seedling growing operation, and the survival rate after transplanting is less than 50%. Although the survival rate of the existing cutting propagation method can reach 50%, the survival rate is still worried about. In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to improve the seed seedling raising method in the prior art, so as to shorten the outplanting time of the torreya jackii and improve the survival rate of transplantation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a torreya jackii seedling culture substrate, a preparation method thereof and a torreya jackii seedling culture method.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a torreya jackii seedling culture substrate which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

100 to 200 parts of fallen leaves, 80 to 100 parts of cow dung, 20 to 30 parts of peat soil, 0.1 to 0.3 part of fulvic acid, 1 to 3 parts of urea, 0.5 to 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.02 to 0.05 part of hydrated lime and 0.1 to 0.3 part of EM bacterial agent;

the fallen leaves are one or more of mallotus japonicus, carpinus horneri, wood oil tree and Hangzhou elm fallen leaves.

Preferably, the peat soil has a particle size of 3 to 5mm.

Preferably, the viable count of the EM bacterial agent is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the torreya jackii seedling culture substrate, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Mixing fallen leaves, cow dung and EM bacterial agent, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, and stacking and fermenting for 20-30 d to obtain a fermented material;

(2) And mixing the fermentation material, peat soil, fulvic acid, urea, monopotassium phosphate and hydrated lime to obtain the torreya jackii seedling culture substrate.

Preferably, the central temperature of the fermentation pile during the pile fermentation is 30-60 ℃;

turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is greater than 60 ℃.

The invention also provides a seedling raising method of torreya jackii, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) sowing torreya jackii seeds in the torreya jackii seedling culture medium, culturing until the seedling height is 40-50 cm, hardening seedlings to obtain seedlings to be outplanted.

Preferably, the torreya jackii seeds are seeds treated by wet sand;

the row spacing of the sowing is 28-30 cm;

the planting distance of the sowing is 10-12 cm.

Preferably, the temperature of the culture is 20-22 ℃;

the illumination time of the culture is 8-10 h/d.

Preferably, the seedling culture substrate of the torreya jackii is replaced for 1 time during the culture period;

the replacement time is 10-15 cm higher than the seedlings;

the replacement method comprises the following steps: transplanting the torreya jackii seedlings into a freshly prepared torreya jackii seedling culture medium.

Preferably, the seedling exercising comprises the following steps:

(1) Culturing for 30-40 days in a ventilated place with the temperature of 15-18 ℃ for first hardening seedlings;

(2) Culturing for 50-60 days in a ventilated place with the temperature of 8-12 ℃ and carrying out the second seedling hardening.

The invention provides a torreya jackii seedling culture medium, a preparation method thereof and a torreya jackii seedling culture method. After the fallen leaves, the cow dung and the EM bacterial agent are fermented, the obtained decomposed organic fertilizer can be better absorbed and utilized by the torreya jackii. The EM microbial inoculum mainly comprises photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, and has the functions of improving soil, rooting and strengthening seedlings. Fulvic acid provides trace elements required by growth of torreya jackii, and urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also improve N, P, K elements required by growth of torreya jackii. The urea also has the function of promoting the rooting of the torreya jackii. The components in the seedling culture medium provided by the invention have synergistic effect, and the seedling culture medium is prepared into the seedling culture medium of the torreya jackii, so that the germination and growth of seeds can be promoted, the survival rate of the seeds can be improved, and the outplanting time of the torreya jackii seedlings can be shortened. The transplanting survival rate of the transplanted torreya jackii after outplanting can reach 100 percent.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a torreya jackii seedling culture substrate which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

100-200 parts of fallen leaves, preferably 120-180 parts, and more preferably 150 parts;

80-100 parts of cow dung, preferably 85-95 parts of cow dung, and more preferably 90 parts of cow dung;

20-30 parts of peat soil, preferably 22-28 parts of peat soil, and more preferably 25 parts of peat soil;

0.1 to 0.3 portion of fulvic acid, preferably 0.15 to 0.25 portion, and more preferably 0.2 portion;

1-3 parts of urea, preferably 1.5-2.5 parts, and more preferably 2 parts;

0.5 to 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, preferably 0.6 to 0.9 part of monopotassium phosphate, and more preferably 0.75 part of monopotassium phosphate;

0.02 to 0.05 portion of hydrated lime, preferably 0.03 to 0.04 portion, and more preferably 0.035 portion;

0.1-0.3 part of EM bacterial agent, preferably 0.15-0.25 part, and more preferably 0.2 part;

the fallen leaves are one or more of mallotus japonicus, hornbeam, wood oil tree and Hangzhou elm fallen leaves.

In the invention, the particle size of the peat soil is 3-5 mm.

In the invention, the viable count of the EM bacterial agent is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, and the EM bacterial agent mainly comprises photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the torreya jackii seedling culture substrate, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Mixing fallen leaves, cow dung and EM bacterial agent, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, and stacking and fermenting for 20-30 d to obtain a fermented material;

(2) And mixing the fermentation material, peat soil, fulvic acid, urea, monopotassium phosphate and hydrated lime to obtain the torreya jackii seedling culture substrate.

In the invention, the water content of the stacking fermentation is preferably 55%, and the central temperature of the fermentation pile during the stacking fermentation is 30-60 ℃, preferably 40-50 ℃, and more preferably 45 ℃; turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 60 ℃; the time for the stacking fermentation is preferably 25d.

The invention also provides a seedling raising method of torreya jackii, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) sowing torreya jackii seeds in the torreya jackii seedling culture medium, culturing until the seedling height is 40-50 cm, hardening seedlings to obtain seedlings to be outplanted.

In the invention, the torreya jackii seeds are seeds subjected to wet sand treatment; the wet sand is sand with the water content of 50-60%; the wet sand treatment steps are as follows: burying the torreya jackii seeds without seed coats in wet sand; the burying time is 90-100 d, preferably 95d; the row spacing of the seeding is 28-30 cm, preferably 29cm; the planting distance of the sowing is 10-12 cm, and preferably 11cm.

In the invention, the temperature of the culture is 20-22 ℃, and preferably 21 ℃; the illumination time of the culture is 8-10 h/d, and is preferably 9h/d.

In the invention, the laying thickness of the torreya jackii seedling culture substrate is 25-30 cm, preferably 27.5cm; during the culture period, the seedling raising substrate of the torreya jackii is replaced for 1 time; the replacement time is 10-15 cm, preferably 12.5cm, of the height of the seedling; the replacement method comprises the following steps: transplanting the Chinese torreya jackii seedlings into a freshly prepared Chinese torreya jackii seedling culture medium. In the invention, the purpose of replacing the torreya jackii seedling culture medium is to accelerate the growth of torreya jackii seedlings.

In the invention, the seedling exercising comprises the following steps:

(1) Culturing for 30-40 days in a ventilated place with the temperature of 15-18 ℃ for first hardening seedlings;

(2) Culturing for 50-60 days in a ventilated place with the temperature of 8-12 ℃ and carrying out the second seedling exercising.

In the invention, the temperature of the first hardening-seedling is preferably 16.5 ℃, and the culture time is preferably 35d; the temperature of the second hardening off is preferably 10 ℃, and the culture time is preferably 55d.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The EM bacterial agent in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Shandongxin chemical industry Co.

Germination rate = (number of germinated seeds/number of sown seeds) × 100% as described in the inventive examples and comparative examples;

the survival rate of the seedlings = (number of plants to be outplanted/number of sown seeds) × 100%;

the days for seedling outplanting are days from sowing torreya jackii seeds to obtaining seedlings to be outplanted.

Example 1

500g of mallotus japonicus fallen leaves, 1000g of Hangzhou elm fallen leaves, 800g of cow dung and 2g of EM bacterial agent are piled up and fermented for 30 days under the condition that the water content is 55%, and a fermented material is obtained. The central temperature of the fermentation pile can not be higher than 60 ℃ and can be 60 ℃, but the fermentation pile is turned over immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile exceeds 60 ℃. The number of live bacteria contained in the EM bacterial agent is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g.

Uniformly mixing the fermentation material with 300g of peat soil with the particle size of 3mm, 1g of fulvic acid, 20g of urea, 10g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2g of hydrated lime, and laying the mixture in a planting pot with the thickness of 25cm. And (3) sowing 10 torreya grandis seeds with bared germs in the seedling culture substrate by the wet sand treatment for 90 days at a row spacing of 28cm and a plant spacing of 12cm, wherein the sowing depth is 2cm. Culturing at 20 deg.C under illumination for 10h/d, and culturing with subsequent culture method according to conventional seedling culture method. When the seedlings are cultured for 271d, the average growth of the Chinese torreya jackii seedlings is 12cm, at the moment, the Chinese torreya jackii seedlings are transplanted into another seedling culturing pot containing a newly prepared Chinese torreya jackii seedling culturing matrix according to the method, and are continuously cultured under the same condition until the average seedling height of the seedlings is 42cm, the seedlings are firstly hardened and cultured in a ventilation place with the temperature of 16 ℃ for 30d, and then the seedlings are hardened and cultured in a ventilation place with the temperature of 12 ℃ for 60d, so that seedlings to be outplanted are obtained. Recording the germination number of torreya jackii seeds and calculating the germination rate; calculating the survival rate of the seedlings according to the number of the seedlings to be outplanted; the time from sowing to nursery-out was recorded to obtain the number of days the seedling was nursery-out, and the diameter of the nursery-out seedlings was measured with a vernier caliper, the results of which are shown in table 1.

The wet sand treatment method comprises the following steps: burying the torreya jackii seeds without seed coats in wet sand with the water content of 50%.

Example 2

500g of carpinus laxus fallen leaves, 500g of Hangzhou elm fallen leaves, 1000g of wood oil tree fallen leaves, 900g of cow dung and 3g of EM bacterial agent are piled up and fermented for 25 days under the condition that the water content is 50 percent to obtain the fermented material. The central temperature of the fermentation pile can not be higher than 60 ℃ and can be 60 ℃, but the fermentation pile is turned over immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile exceeds 60 ℃. The number of live bacteria contained in the EM bacterial agent is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g.

Uniformly mixing the fermentation material with 200g of peat soil with the particle size of 5mm, 3g of fulvic acid, 10g of urea, 5g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5g of hydrated lime, and laying in a planting pot with the thickness of 30cm. Sowing 10 torreya grandis seeds with just exposed embryos in the seedling substrate by the distance of 30cm in row spacing and 11cm in plant spacing after wet sand treatment for 100 days, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5cm. Culturing at 22 deg.C under illumination for 8h/d, and culturing with subsequent culture method according to conventional seedling culture method. And (3) when the seedlings of the torreya jackii grow to 10cm averagely after being cultured for 253d, transplanting the torreya jackii seedlings into another seedling culture pot containing a freshly prepared torreya jackii seedling culture medium according to the method, continuously culturing under the same condition until the average seedling height of the seedlings is 40cm, hardening and culturing the seedlings in a ventilation place at the temperature of 18 ℃ for 35d, and hardening the seedlings in a ventilation place at the temperature of 10 ℃ for 50d to obtain seedlings to be outplanted. Recording the germination number of torreya jackii seeds, and calculating the germination rate; calculating the survival rate of the seedlings according to the number of the seedlings to be outplanted; the time from sowing to nursery of seedlings was recorded to obtain the number of nursery days, and the diameter of the nursery seedlings was measured with a vernier caliper, and the results are shown in table 1.

The wet sand treatment method comprises the following steps: burying the torreya jackii seeds without seed coats in wet sand with water content of 60%.

Example 3

1000g of mallotus japonicus, 1000g of cow dung and 1g of EM bacterial agent are piled up and fermented for 20 days under the condition that the water content is 60 percent to obtain a fermented material. The central temperature of the fermentation pile can not be higher than 60 ℃ and can be 60 ℃, but the fermentation pile is turned over immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile exceeds 60 ℃. The number of live bacteria contained in the EM bacterial agent is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g.

Uniformly mixing the fermentation material with 250g of peat soil with the particle size of 4mm, 2g of fulvic acid, 30g of urea, 7g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3g of hydrated lime, and laying the mixture in a planting pot with the thickness of 30cm. And (3) sowing 10 torreya grandis seeds with just exposed embryos in the seedling substrate by the wet sand treatment for 95 days at a row spacing of 29cm and a plant spacing of 10cm, wherein the sowing depth is 2cm. Culturing at 20 deg.C under the condition of illumination time of 9h/d, and culturing with subsequent culture method according to conventional seedling culture method. And (3) when the seedlings of the torreya jackii grow to 15cm averagely after being cultured for 296 days, transplanting the torreya jackii seedlings into another seedling culture pot containing a freshly prepared torreya jackii seedling culture medium according to the method, continuously culturing under the same condition until the average seedling height of the seedlings is 50cm, hardening off the seedlings at a ventilation position with the temperature of 15 ℃ for 40 days, and hardening off the seedlings at a ventilation position with the temperature of 8 ℃ for 55 days to obtain seedlings to be outplanted. Recording the germination number of torreya jackii seeds and calculating the germination rate; calculating the survival rate of the seedlings according to the number of the seedlings to be outplanted; the time from sowing to nursery-out was recorded to obtain the number of days the seedling was nursery-out, and the diameter of the nursery-out seedlings was measured with a vernier caliper, the results of which are shown in table 1.

The wet sand treatment method comprises the following steps: burying the torreya jackii seeds without seed coats in wet sand with water content of 60%.

Comparative example 1

Selecting sunny, deep soil layer, moist and loose sandy loam for nursery lands, spreading oil tea cake fertilizer according to the amount of 8 kg/mu when the nursery lands are ploughed, preparing soil and making seedbeds. The torreya grandis seeds were treated with wet sand as described in example 1 to obtain 10 torreya grandis seeds with just exposed germs, and the torreya grandis seeds with just exposed germs were sown on a seedbed at the row spacing and the plant spacing of example 1, covered with burnt lime and 1cm thick. After the seedlings come out of the soil, loosening the soil and weeding in time, starting building a shade shed at the bottom of 4 months and shading, and applying compound fertilizer according to the amount of 3 kg/mu in 6 months. And culturing until the average height of the seedling of the torreya jackii is 42cm to obtain the seedling to be outplanted. Recording the germination number of torreya jackii seeds and calculating the germination rate; calculating the survival rate of the seedlings according to the number of the seedlings to be outplanted; the time from sowing to nursery-out was recorded to obtain the number of days the seedling was nursery-out, and the diameter of the nursery-out seedlings was measured with a vernier caliper, the results of which are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Effect of the cultivation methods of the different examples and comparative examples on the growth of Torreya jackii

Table 1 shows that after the torreya grandis is cultured according to the seed seedling method disclosed by the invention, compared with the seedling method in the prior art, the germination rate and the survival rate of seedlings of torreya grandis seeds can be improved more remarkably, the nursery days are advanced by 200d, the nursery seedlings have thicker ground diameters, and favorable conditions are provided for survival of transplantation.

Application example 1

2 outplanted seedlings of example 1, 2 outplanted seedlings of example 2 and 2 outplanted seedlings of example 3 are selected and transplanted under the same conditions of comparative example 1, and the survival rate, the ground diameter, the height and the canopy width of the nursery stock are compared after the 1-year culture with the 1-year culture of the rest 3 outplanted seedlings of comparative example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. The row spacing of the transplanting is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 70cm.

The survival rate at this time = (number of transplanted surviving plants/number of transplanted plants) × 100%.

TABLE 2 growth after transplantation of out-nursery seedlings obtained by different methods

Table 2 shows that the survival rate of the seedlings cultivated by the method can reach 100 percent after the seedlings are transplanted at the later stage, the growth condition of the seedlings is better than that of the seedlings cultivated by the existing method, and the method is more suitable for cultivating the torreya jackii.

From the above embodiments, the invention provides a torreya jackii seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof, and a torreya jackii seedling culture method. The components in the seedling culture medium provided by the invention have synergistic effect, so that the germination and growth of the seeds can be promoted, the survival rate of the seeds can be improved, and the outplanting time of the seedling of the torreya jackii can be shortened. The survival rate of transplanted torreya jackii after outplanting can reach 100 percent.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A torreya jackii seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

100 to 200 parts of fallen leaves, 80 to 100 parts of cow dung, 20 to 30 parts of peat soil, 0.1 to 0.3 part of fulvic acid, 1 to 3 parts of urea, 0.5 to 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.02 to 0.05 part of hydrated lime and 0.1 to 0.3 part of EM bacterial agent;

the fallen leaves are one or more of mallotus japonicus, hornbeam, wood oil tree and Hangzhou elm fallen leaves;

the particle size of the peat soil is 3-5 mm;

the viable count of the EM bacterial agent is more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g.

2. The preparation method of the torreya jackii seedling culture substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Mixing fallen leaves, cow dung and EM bacterial agent, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, and then stacking and fermenting for 20-30 d to obtain a fermented material;

(2) Mixing the fermentation material, peat soil, fulvic acid, urea, monopotassium phosphate and hydrated lime to obtain a torreya jackii seedling culture substrate;

the central temperature of the fermentation pile is 30-60 ℃ during the stacking fermentation;

turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is greater than 60 ℃.

3. A seedling raising method of torreya jackii is characterized by comprising the following steps:

sowing torreya jackii seeds in the torreya jackii seedling culture medium of claim 1, and hardening seedlings when the seedling height is 40-50 cm, so as to obtain seedlings to be outplanted;

the torreya jackii seeds are seeds treated by wet sand;

the row spacing of the seeding is 28-30 cm;

the planting distance of the sowing is 10-12 cm;

the culture temperature is 20-22 ℃;

the illumination time of the culture is 8-10 h/d.

4. A seedling raising method according to claim 3, wherein during the culturing period, the cephalotaxus longifolus seedling raising substrate is replaced 1 time;

the replacement time is when the height of the seedling of the torreya jackii is 10-15 cm;

the replacement method comprises the following steps: transplanting the torreya jackii seedlings into a freshly prepared torreya jackii seedling culture medium.

5. A method of raising seedlings according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said hardening off of seedlings comprises the steps of:

(1) Culturing for 30-40 days in a ventilated place with the temperature of 15-18 ℃ for first hardening off;

(2) Culturing for 50-60 days in a ventilated place with the temperature of 8-12 ℃ and carrying out the second seedling hardening.