CN114459044B - System and method for deeply recycling flue gas waste heat based on flue gas pressurization - Google Patents

System and method for deeply recycling flue gas waste heat based on flue gas pressurization Download PDF

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CN114459044B
CN114459044B CN202210386886.2A CN202210386886A CN114459044B CN 114459044 B CN114459044 B CN 114459044B CN 202210386886 A CN202210386886 A CN 202210386886A CN 114459044 B CN114459044 B CN 114459044B
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flue gas
spray tower
inlet
compressor
pressure
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CN114459044A (en
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夏君君
尹海蛟
于会满
全晓宇
刘莉
彭涛
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Jiangsu Leke Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
Tianjin Leke Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Leke Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
Tianjin Leke Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F22B3/04—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure-reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统及方法，包括常压喷淋塔，烟气压缩机，高压喷淋塔，旋液分离器，膨胀机，烟囱，闪蒸罐，第一减压阀，第一循环泵，第二循环泵，第二减压阀，第三循环泵和蒸汽压缩机；本发明通过多级变压喷淋实现对烟气显热及潜热的深度回收；本发明将脱硫脱硝及烟气显热回收合二为一，并将烟气回收热量闪蒸压缩制取高压蒸汽，通过膨胀机回收烟气压缩功；本发明系统具有热回收效率高、无酸露点腐蚀、无烟道堵塞、冷却水耗量低、尾气无“白烟”等特点。

Figure 202210386886

The invention discloses a system and method for deep recovery of flue gas waste heat based on flue gas pressurization. tank, the first pressure reducing valve, the first circulating pump, the second circulating pump, the second reducing valve, the third circulating pump and the steam compressor; the present invention realizes the sensible heat and latent heat of the flue gas through multi-stage pressure variable spraying The invention combines desulfurization and denitrification and flue gas sensible heat recovery into one, and flashes and compresses the flue gas recovery heat to produce high-pressure steam, and recovers the flue gas compression power through the expander; the system of the invention has heat recovery efficiency High, no acid dew point corrosion, no flue blockage, low cooling water consumption, no "white smoke" in the exhaust.

Figure 202210386886

Description

System and method for deeply recycling flue gas waste heat based on flue gas pressurization
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flue gas waste heat recovery system, in particular to a system and a method for deeply recovering flue gas waste heat to prepare steam based on flue gas pressurization, and belongs to the technical field of flue gas waste heat recovery and utilization.
Background
At present, the exhaust gas temperature of an industrial boiler is generally 200-500 ℃, and the waste heat of the exhaust gas comprises a large amount of latent heat of superheated state water vapor besides sensible heat of high-temperature exhaust gas. The sensible heat in the flue gas, especially the latent heat of the water vapor in the flue gas (accounting for 50-70% of the total amount of the flue gas waste heat) is effectively recovered, and the method has important significance for improving the overall system energy efficiency of various industrial boilers.
As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional technology generally adopts a dividing wall type heat exchanger to recover the waste heat of the flue gas, and the waste heat of the flue gas is generally used for preheating air or preparing high temperatureHot water, in order to avoid the acid dew point corrosion problem, the system generally only partially recovers the high-temperature sensible heat in the flue gas, the exhaust gas temperature still reaches hundreds of degrees centigrade, and in order to avoid the damage of the high-temperature flue gas to equipment such as dust removal, the flue gas is often mixed with a large amount of cold air or cooled by cooling water spraying and then discharged to the environment. Patent CN109883209A discloses a heating furnace flue gas waste heat recovery method and device, which adopts a dividing wall type heat exchanger as flue gas heat recovery equipment, because the heat transfer coefficient of the flue gas side is lower, the required area is larger, the equipment investment is higher, more importantly, the problems that flue gas dust blocks a flue and acid dew corrodes heat exchange equipment exist in the using process of the dividing wall type heat recovery equipment, the service life of the device is shorter, and the equipment maintenance workload is larger. The spray water is adopted to directly recover the flue gas waste heat, so that various problems of the dividing wall type heat recovery equipment can be avoided, such as patents CN103851926A and CN 205065764U, but the spray water recovery flue gas waste heat is a strong heat and mass exchange process, the spray water waste heat is simultaneously accompanied with the heat release of flue gas to the spray water and the heat absorption of flue gas humidification to the heated spray water, and after the heat and mass exchange between the spray water and the flue gas is balanced, the temperature of the spray water is finally stabilized at the heat insulation saturated cooling temperatureT s ", adiabatic saturated cooling temperature and flue gas temperaturet i And moisture content of flue gasH i (the mass of water vapor carried by each kg of dry flue gas, the unit is g water/kg dry flue gas); limited by adiabatic saturated cooling temperature, the conventional spraying method for recovering the flue gas waste heat cannot provide the temperature higher than the adiabatic saturated cooling temperatureT s The heat source of (2) is generally only 50-85 ℃, and the temperature of overhigh spraying water is highert o (i.e., the heating source temperature) will result in its corresponding flue gas moisture contentH o Increasing when the moisture content of the smoke is larger than the moisture content of the smoke in the mouth, namelyH o >H i In time, the system cannot recover the latent heat of the water vapor of the flue gas, but the humidification of the flue gas consumes a large amount of heat recovered by the sensible heat of the flue gas, so that the heat recovery rate of the flue gas is greatly reduced.
Through the analysis, the latent heat of the water vapor in the flue gas is realizedRecovery and waste heat recovery system needs to reduce moisture content of discharged smoke as much as possibleH o In the system for recovering the waste heat of the flue gas by spraying water, the moisture content of the discharged flue gasH o =0.622P s /（P z -P s ) WhereinP s Is the saturated vapor pressure of water at the exhaust temperature,P s as a function of flue gas temperature only;P z is the total pressure of the flue gas. It can be seen that the moisture content of the exhaust smoke is constant under the condition of certain exhaust smoke temperatureH o Is a function of the total pressure of the smoke, the moisture content of the smoke and the total pressure of the smoke are in inverse proportion, and the moisture content of the smoke in the mouth can be obviously reduced by increasing the total pressure of the smokeH o . The invention provides a system and a method for realizing deep recovery of sensible heat of flue gas and latent heat of water vapor based on flue gas pressurization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for deeply recovering flue gas waste heat based on flue gas pressurization aiming at the defects in the prior art. The method is used for solving the problems of low utilization rate of the waste heat of the flue gas, easy blockage of a flue, corrosion of an acid dew point of equipment, emission of white smoke and the like in the conventional technology.
The utility model provides a degree of depth retrieves flue gas waste heat system based on flue gas pressure boost, its characterized in that, the system includes ordinary pressure spray column, flue gas compressor, high pressure spray column, hydrocyclone, expander, chimney, flash tank, first relief pressure valve, first circulating pump, second relief pressure valve, third circulating pump, steam compressor.
The atmospheric spray tower is of a closed tank structure, the side wall of the atmospheric spray tower is provided with a flue gas inlet, a spray water inlet, a water replenishing port and a medicament adding port, the top of the atmospheric spray tower is provided with a wet flue gas outlet, and the bottom of the atmospheric spray tower is provided with a spray water outlet; the high-pressure spray tower is of a closed tank structure, the side wall of the high-pressure spray tower is provided with a wet flue gas inlet and a spray water inlet, the top of the high-pressure spray tower is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the bottom of the high-pressure spray tower is provided with a spray water outlet; the side wall of the hydrocyclone separator is provided with a liquid inlet, the top of the hydrocyclone separator is provided with an exhaust port, and the bottom of the hydrocyclone separator is provided with a liquid outlet; the side wall of the flash tank is provided with a liquid inlet, the top of the flash tank is provided with a flash steam outlet, and the bottom of the flash tank is provided with a liquid outlet.
The flue gas inlet pipe is connected with a flue gas inlet on the side wall of the normal pressure spray tower, a wet flue gas outlet at the top of the normal pressure spray tower is connected with an inlet of the flue gas compressor, an outlet of the flue gas compressor is connected with a wet flue gas inlet on the side wall of the high pressure spray tower, and a spray water outlet at the bottom of the normal pressure spray tower is connected with an inlet of the third circulating pump;
a flue gas outlet at the top of the high-pressure spray tower is connected with an inlet of the expansion machine, an outlet of the expansion machine is connected with an air inlet of the chimney, and a condensate discharge port is arranged on a connecting pipeline;
a spray water outlet at the bottom of the high-pressure spray tower is connected with an inlet of the second circulating pump, and an outlet of the second circulating pump is respectively connected with an inlet of the second pressure reducing valve, a spray water inlet on the side wall of the high-pressure spray tower and a liquid inlet on the side wall of the hydrocyclone separator; a top exhaust port of the hydrocyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the expansion machine, and a bottom liquid outlet of the hydrocyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the first pressure reducing valve;
an outlet of the first pressure reducing valve is connected with a liquid inlet on the side wall of the flash tank, a flash steam outlet at the top of the flash tank is connected with an inlet of the steam compressor, and a liquid outlet at the bottom of the flash tank is connected with an inlet of the first circulating pump; the outlet of the first circulating pump is connected with the spray water inlet on the side wall of the high-pressure spray tower; the outlet of the second reducing valve is connected with the inlet of a third circulating pump; the outlet of the third circulating pump is connected with the spray water inlet on the side wall of the normal pressure spray tower, and a liquid outlet is arranged on the connecting pipeline.
Preferably, the atmospheric spray tower is internally provided with an atmospheric spray tower demister, an atmospheric spray tower spray head and an atmospheric spray tower filler, and the atmospheric spray tower spray head is connected with a spray water inlet on the side wall of the atmospheric spray tower; the normal pressure spray tower demister adopts a wire mesh demister or a baffle plate type demister.
Preferably, a high-pressure spray tower demister, a high-pressure spray tower spray header and high-pressure spray tower packing are arranged in the high-pressure spray tower, and the high-pressure spray tower spray header is connected with a spray water inlet in the side wall of the high-pressure spray tower; the high-pressure spray tower demister adopts a wire mesh demister or a baffle plate type demister.
Preferably, the normal-pressure spray tower packing and the high-pressure spray tower packing adopt corrosion-resistant random packing or regular packing, and the packing is made of metal, ceramic or plastic;
preferably, a flash tank demister is arranged in the flash tank, and the flash tank demister can be a wire mesh demister or a baffle type demister;
preferably, the flue gas compressor adopts a single-stage or multi-stage compression mode, and the compressor is in the form of a piston compressor, a roots compressor, a screw compressor or a centrifugal compressor;
preferably, the vapor compressor adopts a single-stage or multi-stage compression mode, and the compressor is in the form of a piston compressor, a roots compressor, a screw compressor or a centrifugal compressor;
preferably, the expander is coaxially installed with the flue gas compressor or the vapor compressor, and recovers high-pressure flue gas expansion work to drive the flue gas compressor or the vapor compressor to operate.
The invention also provides a working method of the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system based on flue gas pressurization, which comprises the following steps:
the high-temperature flue gas enters an atmospheric pressure spray tower to carry out heat-moisture exchange with spray water, the high-temperature sensible heat of the flue gas is recovered and humidified, and the temperature of the spray water is balanced at the adiabatic saturated cooling temperatureT s And discharge temperature ofT s Saturated wet flue gas and saturated wet air enter the high-pressure spray tower after passing through a flue gas compressor, the moisture content of the flue gas is reduced after the pressure is increased, moisture is separated out from the wet flue gas, and latent heat is released from condensate to heat circulating water in the high-pressure spray tower; spraying water in the high-pressure spraying tower returns to the normal-pressure spraying tower through a part of a second circulating pump, the other part of spraying water enters a hydrocyclone separator to be separated from entrained flue gas, the spraying water is decompressed by a first pressure reducing valve and enters a flash tank to be flashed and cooled, secondary water vapor obtained by flashing is compressed and pressurized by a vapor compressor and then is externally supplied with high-pressure vapor; the circulating water after being subjected to flash evaporation and temperature reduction in the flash evaporation tank returns to the high-pressure spray tower again through the first circulating pump to absorb heat and raise the temperature; the flue gas discharged from the high-pressure spray tower and the flue gas separated from the hydrocyclone separator both enter an expansion machine, and the flue gas returnsThe received expansion work is used for driving a flue gas compressor or a steam compressor; after the high-pressure flue gas does work outwards through the expansion machine, the temperature is reduced, and part of water is separated out and changed into unsaturated flue gas, and then the unsaturated flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere through a chimney; and (4) supplementing water to the system at the normal-pressure spray tower, supplementing various desulfurization agents, and periodically discharging the flue gas desulfurization byproduct concentrated solution out of the system through a liquid outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the sensible heat of the flue gas is recovered in a normal-pressure spraying mode, the high-temperature saturated wet flue gas is prepared, the moisture content of the flue gas is reduced in a saturated wet flue gas compression pressurization mode, and the latent heat of the wet flue gas is recovered by spraying water in a high-pressure spraying tower; the system realizes the deep recovery of sensible heat and latent heat of the flue gas by a method of humidifying the flue gas at normal pressure and reducing humidity at high pressure, and has higher heat recovery efficiency;
(2) the invention adopts a spraying mode to recover the waste heat of the flue gas, the spraying water directly contacts the flue gas for heat exchange, the heat transfer process is efficient and rapid, and no partition wall type heat exchange equipment is used in the heat exchange process, thereby avoiding the problems of dust blockage of an air duct and acid dew point corrosion of the equipment which are easily caused by the heat exchange equipment in the conventional technology;
(3) the high-temperature spray water is obtained by recovering the waste heat of the flue gas, the high-pressure steam is finally prepared by flash evaporation and compression of the spray water, and the obtained steam has no flue gas dust and non-condensable gas and can be used for various heat load equipment. Compared with the scheme of preparing hot water by recovering the waste heat of the flue gas in the conventional technology, the steam has higher energy density and better heat transfer and mass transfer thermal performance;
(4) the expansion work of the high-pressure flue gas is recovered through the expansion machine, and the recovered expansion work is applied to flue gas compression or flash evaporation steam compression, so that the compression power consumption of a system is reduced; in addition, after the expansion work of the high-pressure flue gas is recovered by the expansion machine, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, the separated water is changed into low-temperature unsaturated flue gas, and the phenomenon of 'white smoke' does not exist when the low-temperature unsaturated flue gas is discharged to the environment from a chimney;
(5) according to the invention, the flue gas is desulfurized by alkaline spray water while sensible heat of the flue gas is recovered by the normal-pressure spray tower to prepare high-temperature saturated wet flue gas; the invention organically combines the flue gas desulfurization and the waste heat recovery, thereby reducing the overall investment of system equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas waste heat recovery system for preheating combustion air of a boiler by using conventional flue gas waste heat
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas waste heat recovery system for producing hot water by using conventional flue gas waste heat
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas waste heat deep recovery system based on flue gas pressurization
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
In the figure, 1 is a normal pressure spray tower, 2 is a flue gas compressor, 3 is a high pressure spray tower, 4 is a hydrocyclone, 5 is an expander, 6 is a chimney, 7 is a flash tank, 8 is a first pressure reducing valve, 9 is a first circulating pump, 10 is a second circulating pump, 11 is a second pressure reducing valve, 12 is a third circulating pump, and 13 is a steam compressor; 1a is an atmospheric spray tower demister, 1b is an atmospheric spray tower spray header, 1c is atmospheric spray tower packing, 3a is a high-pressure spray tower demister, 3b is a high-pressure spray tower spray header, 3c is high-pressure spray tower packing, and 7a is a flash tank demister;
a is a preheater, b is a bag-type dust collector, c is a spray tower, d is a hot water heat exchanger, e is a spray pump, f is a cooler, and g is a chimney.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "side wall", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Comparative example one:
the comparative example was analyzed with a waste heat recovery system of a gas boiler of a chemical plant, as shown in fig. 1, which recovers flue gas waste heat by a partition heat exchange method and uses it to preheat boiler inlet air, the gas boiler fuel consumption was 1500Nm3And h, the exhaust temperature of the boiler is about 500 ℃, the steam content of the exhaust gas is about 20%, in order to avoid corrosion of an acid dew point of the preheater a, the temperature of a flue gas outlet of the preheater is controlled to be about 200 ℃, then the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 80-100 ℃ by a normal-temperature air mixing mode, and the flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere after being subjected to cloth bag dust removal.
It can be seen that the comparative example only realizes sensible heat recovery of high-pressure flue gas (500 ℃ to 200 ℃), and in order to ensure the safe operating temperature of the dust removal equipment, the system also needs to supplement a large amount of air to cool the flue gas, so that the energy consumption of a fan is high, and the flue gas waste heat recovery and utilization efficiency is low; the flue gas outlet position of preheater a often takes place the dust and piles up the scale deposit and block up the flue phenomenon, and the system maintenance work load is great.
Comparative example two:
as shown in fig. 2, after the flue gas of a kiln is primarily recovered by the waste heat boiler, the flue gas waste heat is continuously recovered by a spray gas washing mode to prepare hot water. The temperature of the flue gas entering the spray tower c is 285 ℃, the water vapor content of the flue gas is 15 percent, namely the moisture content of the inlet flue gasH i =176g water vapour/kg dry smoke; the flue gas enters a spray tower c to carry out heat and moisture exchange with spray water, and the balanced adiabatic saturated cooling temperatureT s The temperature is 73.8 ℃, thus obtaining spray water with the temperature of 73.8 ℃; after heat and moisture exchange, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 73.8 ℃, the relative humidity is 100 percent, and the moisture content of the flue gas isH o =292g water vapor/kg dry flue gas. And then the saturated wet flue gas is cooled by a cooler f to separate out moisture and then is discharged to the environment.
It can be seen that in the comparative example, the temperature is affected by adiabatic saturation coolingT s The system provides low-temperature hot water with the hot water temperature of 60-65 ℃ to the outside. In addition, the moisture content difference of the flue gas at the inlet and the outlet of the spray tower can find that the moisture content of the flue gas at the outlet of the flue gas is differentH o Greater than the moisture content of the inlet flue gasH i This shows that the system can not effectively recover the latent heat of the water vapor in the flue gas, but the process of humidifying and vaporizing the moisture in the flue gas needs to consume part of the sensible heat of the flue gas, which results in lower heat recovery rate of the system.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, the system for deeply recycling the waste heat of flue gas based on pressurization of flue gas in the embodiment comprises a normal pressure spray tower 1, a flue gas compressor 2, a high pressure spray tower 3, a hydrocyclone 4, an expander 5, a chimney 6, a flash tank 7, a first pressure reducing valve 8, a first circulating pump 9, a second circulating pump 10, a second pressure reducing valve 11, a third circulating pump 12, and a steam compressor 13.
The normal pressure spray tower 1 is a closed tank structure, a high temperature flue gas inlet pipe is connected with a flue gas inlet on the side wall of the normal pressure spray tower 1, a wet flue gas outlet on the top of the normal pressure spray tower is connected with an inlet of the flue gas compressor 2, and the flue gas compressor adopts a double-screw compressor; an outlet of the flue gas compressor is connected with a wet flue gas inlet on the side wall of the high-pressure spray tower 3, a spray water outlet at the bottom of the normal-pressure spray tower is connected with an inlet of the third circulating pump 12, a spray head 1b of the normal-pressure spray tower is connected with a spray water inlet on the side wall of the normal-pressure spray tower, a foam remover 1a of the normal-pressure spray tower is arranged above the inside of the normal-pressure spray tower, a filler 1c of the normal-pressure spray tower is arranged in the middle of the normal-pressure spray tower, the foam remover of the normal-pressure spray tower adopts a wire mesh type foam remover, and the filler of the normal-pressure spray tower adopts ceramic random packing; a flue gas outlet at the top of the high-pressure spray tower is connected with an inlet of the expansion machine 5, an outlet of the expansion machine is connected with a chimney 6, and a condensate discharge port is arranged on a connecting pipeline; a spray water outlet at the bottom of the high-pressure spray tower is connected with an inlet of the second circulating pump 10, an outlet of the second circulating pump is respectively connected with an inlet of a second pressure reducing valve 11, a spray water inlet on the side wall of the high-pressure spray tower and a liquid inlet on the side wall of the hydrocyclone 4, a spray head 3b of the high-pressure spray tower is connected with the spray water inlet on the side wall of the high-pressure spray tower, a high-pressure spray tower demister 3a is arranged above the inside of the high-pressure spray tower, and a high-pressure spray tower filler 3c is arranged in the middle of the high-pressure spray tower; a top exhaust port of the hydrocyclone is connected with an inlet of the expansion machine, and a bottom liquid outlet of the hydrocyclone is connected with an inlet of the first pressure reducing valve 8; an outlet of the first reducing valve is connected with a liquid inlet in the side wall of the flash tank 7, a flash steam outlet in the top of the flash tank is connected with an inlet of the steam compressor 13, and the steam compressor 13 adopts a two-stage centrifugal compressor; a liquid outlet at the bottom of the flash tank is connected with an inlet of the first circulating pump 9, a flash tank demister 7a is arranged in the flash tank, and the flash tank demister is a wire mesh type demister; the outlet of the first circulating pump is connected with the spray water inlet on the side wall of the high-pressure spray tower; the outlet of the second reducing valve is connected with the inlet of a third circulating pump; the outlet of the third circulating pump is connected with the spray water inlet on the side wall of the normal pressure spray tower, and a liquid outlet is arranged on the connecting pipeline. The expansion machine and the flue gas compressor are coaxially mounted to form a compression expansion unit, and the expansion machine is used for recovering high-pressure flue gas expansion work to drag the flue gas compressor to operate.
The working method of the embodiment is as follows:
in this example, the inlet flue gas parameters of comparative example I were used as an example for analysis, and the flue gas temperature was about 500 ℃, the water vapor content was 20%, and the moisture content wasH i The high-temperature flue gas with the mass flow of 22t/h and the steam/kg dry flue gas of not less than 250g enters the normal-pressure spray tower 1 to perform heat-moisture exchange with spray water, and the balanced spray water and the outlet saturated wet flue gas temperature (and the adiabatic saturated cooling temperature)T s1 Equal) is 81.9 ℃, moisture content of flue gasH o1 The water vapor/kg dry flue gas of which the mass flow is 26.65t/h, the pressure ratio is 3 and the power is 1160kW, and the saturated wet flue gas discharged from the normal-pressure spray tower 1 is pressurized to 3bar by a double-screw compressor and enters the high-pressure spray tower 3; the temperature of spray water after the balance of the high-pressure spray tower is increased to 90.0 ℃, the spray water enters a flash tank for flash evaporation after smoke is removed through a hydrocyclone separator, circulating water returns to the high-pressure spray tower again through a first circulating pump after the spray water is flashed to 85 ℃, the flow rate of secondary steam at 85 ℃ obtained by flash evaporation is 7.2t/h, the secondary steam obtained by flash evaporation is pressurized to 2bar through a steam compressor, high-pressure steam is provided for the outside, and the power of the steam compressor is 531 kW; the outlet temperature of the high-pressure spray tower is 90.0 ℃, the mass flow rate is 20.5t/h, and the moisture contentH o2 Entry of saturated humid air with =138g steam/kg dry flue gasThe expansion machine 5 recovers expansion work, the recovery power of the expansion machine is 565kW, and the flue gas after expansion and temperature reduction discharges condensate to the atmospheric environment through a chimney. The flue gas desulfurization is completed in the normal pressure spray tower, and the desulfurization and denitrification products are periodically discharged out of the system through a liquid outlet of an outlet of the third circulating pump. And water is supplemented to the system through a water supplementing port of the normal-pressure spray tower 1, and the water supplementing amount is 5.7 t/h.
In this example, the inlet temperature of the flue gas was 500 ℃ and the moisture content wasH i =250g/kg, mass flow rate 22 t/h; the temperature of the discharged flue gas is 51 ℃, and the moisture content of the discharged flue gas isH o2 And the recovery of 95.5 percent of sensible heat and 44.8 percent of latent heat of the flue gas is realized by =138 g/kg. The system prepares 2bar steam 7.2t/h, the net power consumption is 1126kW, the energy price is 0.5 yuan/kW.h according to the electricity price, the steam price is 250 yuan/t, the annual running time is 8000h, and the annual running cost can be saved by 990 ten thousand yuan. The system has the characteristics of high heat recovery efficiency, no acid dew point corrosion, no extra cooling water consumption, no white smoke in discharge and the like.
Example two:
the system components and the device connection method of this embodiment are as in the first embodiment, and are not described herein again. Except that the expander 5 and the vapor compressor 13 are installed coaxially in the present embodiment, and the expansion work recovered by the expander is used to drive the vapor compressor to operate.
In this example, the inlet flue gas parameters of comparative example I were used as an example for analysis, and the flue gas temperature was about 500 ℃, the water vapor content was 20%, and the moisture content wasH i The high-temperature flue gas with the mass flow of 22t/h and the steam/kg dry flue gas of not less than 250g enters the normal-pressure spray tower 1 to perform heat-moisture exchange with spray water, and the balanced spray water and the outlet saturated wet flue gas temperature (and the adiabatic saturated cooling temperature)T s1 Equal) is 81.9 ℃, moisture content of flue gasH o1 The dry flue gas is pressurized to 4bar by a roots compressor and enters a high-pressure spray tower 3, wherein the saturated wet flue gas is discharged from a normal-pressure spray tower 1, the mass flow of the roots compressor is 26.65t/h, the pressure ratio is 4, and the power is 1525 kW; the temperature of spray water after the balance of the high-pressure spray tower rises to 90 ℃, and the spray water is subjected to smoke removal through a hydrocyclone separatorEntering a flash tank for flash evaporation, returning circulating water to the high-pressure spray tower again through a first circulating pump after the circulating water is flashed to 85 ℃, obtaining secondary steam with the temperature of 85 ℃ through flash evaporation, wherein the flow rate of the secondary steam is 8.6t/h, pressurizing the secondary steam obtained through flash evaporation to 1.1bar through a steam compressor, and providing low-pressure steam to the outside, wherein the power of the steam compressor is 329 kW; the temperature of a flue gas outlet of the high-pressure spray tower is 90 ℃, the mass flow rate is 19.6t/h, and the moisture content isH o2 And (3) saturated wet air of the dry flue gas of =116g steam/kg enters an expansion machine 5 for recovering expansion work, the recovery power of the expansion machine is 655kW, and the water supplement amount is 6.2 t/h.
In this example, the inlet temperature of the flue gas was 500 ℃ and the moisture content wasH i =250g/kg, mass flow 22 t/h; the temperature of the discharged flue gas is 35 ℃, and the moisture content of the discharged flue gas isH o2 And the recovery of 98.1 percent of sensible heat and 53.6 percent of latent heat of the flue gas is realized by =116 g/kg. The low-pressure steam of 1.1bar can be supplied for the outside at 8.6t/h, the net power consumption of the system is 1199kW, the energy price is 0.5 yuan/kW.h according to the electricity price, the steam price is 250 yuan/t, the annual running time is 8000h, and the annual running cost can be saved by 1240 ten thousand yuan. The embodiment has higher economic benefit.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are only illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention, within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1.一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统，其特征在于，系统包括常压喷淋塔，烟气压缩机，高压喷淋塔，旋液分离器，膨胀机，烟囱，闪蒸罐，第一减压阀，第一循环泵，第二循环泵，第二减压阀，第三循环泵和蒸汽压缩机；1. a deep recovery flue gas waste heat system based on flue gas pressurization, is characterized in that, the system comprises atmospheric spray tower, flue gas compressor, high pressure spray tower, hydrocyclone, expander, chimney, flash steaming tank, first pressure reducing valve, first circulating pump, second circulating pump, second reducing valve, third circulating pump and steam compressor; 所述常压喷淋塔为封闭式罐体结构，侧壁设有烟气进口、喷淋水进口、补水口及药剂添加口，顶部设有湿烟气出口，底部设有喷淋水出口；所述高压喷淋塔为封闭式罐体结构，侧壁设有湿烟气进口、喷淋水进口，顶部设有烟气出口，底部设有喷淋水出口；所述旋液分离器的侧壁设有进液口，顶部设有排气口，底部设有出液口；所述闪蒸罐的侧壁设有进液口，顶部设有闪蒸汽出口，底部设有出液口；The atmospheric pressure spray tower is a closed tank structure, the side wall is provided with a flue gas inlet, a spray water inlet, a water replenishing port and a drug addition port, the top is provided with a wet flue gas outlet, and the bottom is provided with a spray water outlet; The high-pressure spray tower is a closed tank structure, the side wall is provided with a wet flue gas inlet and a spray water inlet, the top is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the bottom is provided with a spray water outlet; the side of the hydrocyclone separator is provided. The wall is provided with a liquid inlet, the top is provided with an exhaust port, and the bottom is provided with a liquid outlet; the side wall of the flash tank is provided with a liquid inlet, the top is provided with a flash steam outlet, and the bottom is provided with a liquid outlet; 烟气进管与所述常压喷淋塔侧壁的烟气进口相连，常压喷淋塔顶部的湿烟气出口与所述烟气压缩机的进口相连，烟气压缩机的出口与所述高压喷淋塔的湿烟气进口相连，常压喷淋塔的喷淋水出口与所述第三循环泵进口相连；The flue gas inlet pipe is connected to the flue gas inlet of the side wall of the atmospheric spray tower, the wet flue gas outlet at the top of the atmospheric spray tower is connected to the inlet of the flue gas compressor, and the outlet of the flue gas compressor is connected to the The wet flue gas inlet of the high-pressure spray tower is connected, and the spray water outlet of the normal-pressure spray tower is connected with the inlet of the third circulation pump; 高压喷淋塔的烟气出口与所述膨胀机的入口相连，膨胀机的出口与烟囱的进气口相连，膨胀机与烟囱的连接管路上设置凝液排口；The flue gas outlet of the high-pressure spray tower is connected with the inlet of the expander, the outlet of the expander is connected with the air inlet of the chimney, and a condensate outlet is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the expander and the chimney; 所述高压喷淋塔的喷淋水出口与所述第二循环泵的进口相连，第二循环泵的出口分别与第二减压阀进口、高压喷淋塔的喷淋水进口及旋液分离器的进液口相连；所述旋液分离器的排气口与所述膨胀机的进口相连，旋液分离器的出液口与所述第一减压阀的进口相连；The spray water outlet of the high-pressure spray tower is connected with the inlet of the second circulation pump, and the outlet of the second circulation pump is respectively connected with the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve, the spray water inlet of the high-pressure spray tower and the hydrocyclone separation The liquid inlet of the hydrocyclone is connected to the inlet of the expander; the outlet of the hydrocyclone is connected to the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve; 第一减压阀的出口与所述闪蒸罐的进液口相连，闪蒸罐的闪蒸汽出口与所述蒸汽压缩机进口的相连，闪蒸罐的出液口与所述第一循环泵的进口相连；第一循环泵的出口与高压喷淋塔的喷淋水进口相连；所述第二减压阀的出口与第三循环泵的进口相连；第三循环泵的出口与常压喷淋塔的喷淋水进口相连，第三循环泵与常压喷淋塔的喷淋水进口的连接管路上设置排液口。The outlet of the first pressure reducing valve is connected with the liquid inlet of the flash tank, the flash steam outlet of the flash tank is connected with the inlet of the steam compressor, and the liquid outlet of the flash tank is connected with the first circulation pump The outlet of the first circulation pump is connected with the spray water inlet of the high-pressure spray tower; the outlet of the second pressure reducing valve is connected with the inlet of the third circulation pump; the outlet of the third circulation pump is connected with the normal pressure spray The spray water inlet of the spray tower is connected, and a drain port is arranged on the connection pipeline between the third circulating pump and the spray water inlet of the normal pressure spray tower. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统，其特征在于，所述常压喷淋塔内部设有常压喷淋塔除沫器，常压喷淋塔喷淋头，常压喷淋塔填料，所述常压喷淋塔喷淋头与常压喷淋塔的喷淋水进口相连；常压喷淋塔除沫器采用丝网除沫器或折流板式除沫器。2. a kind of deep recovery flue gas waste heat system based on flue gas pressurization according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described normal pressure spray tower is provided with normal pressure spray tower demister inside, normal pressure spray tower The spray head of the spray tower, the packing of the atmospheric spray tower, the spray head of the atmospheric spray tower is connected with the spray water inlet of the atmospheric spray tower; the demister of the atmospheric spray tower adopts a wire mesh demister Or baffled demister. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统，其特征在于，所述高压喷淋塔内部设有高压喷淋塔除沫器，高压喷淋塔喷淋头，高压喷淋塔填料，所述高压喷淋塔喷淋头与高压喷淋塔的喷淋水进口相连；高压喷淋塔除沫器采用丝网除沫器或折流板式除沫器。3. a kind of deep recovery flue gas waste heat system based on flue gas pressurization according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described high pressure spray tower is provided with high pressure spray tower demister inside, high pressure spray tower sprays Shower head, high-pressure spray tower packing, the high-pressure spray tower spray head is connected with the spray water inlet of the high-pressure spray tower; the high-pressure spray tower demister adopts a wire mesh demister or a baffle type demister . 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统，其特征在于，所述常压喷淋塔填料及高压喷淋塔填料采用耐腐蚀的散堆填料或规整填料，填料材质为金属、陶瓷或塑料。4. a kind of deep recovery flue gas waste heat system based on flue gas pressurization according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described normal pressure spray tower packing and high pressure spray tower packing adopt corrosion-resistant random packing or Structured packing, the packing material is metal, ceramic or plastic. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统，其特征在于，所述闪蒸罐的内部设置闪蒸罐除沫器，闪蒸罐除沫器为丝网除沫器或折流板式除沫器。5. A flue gas supercharging-based deep recovery flue gas waste heat system according to claim 4, wherein a flash tank demister is arranged inside the flash tank, and the flash tank demister is Wire mesh demister or baffle type demister. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统，其特征在于，所述烟气压缩机采用单级或多级压缩方式，烟气压缩机的形式为活塞式压缩机、罗茨式压缩机、螺杆式压缩机或离心式压缩机。6. A flue gas supercharging-based deep recovery flue gas waste heat system according to claim 5, wherein the flue gas compressor adopts a single-stage or multi-stage compression mode, and the flue gas compressor is in the form of Piston compressor, Roots compressor, screw compressor or centrifugal compressor. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统，其特征在于，所述蒸汽压缩机采用单级或多级压缩方式，蒸汽压缩机的形式为活塞式压缩机、罗茨式压缩机、螺杆式压缩机或离心式压缩机。7. A flue gas supercharging-based deep recovery flue gas waste heat system according to claim 6, wherein the steam compressor adopts a single-stage or multi-stage compression mode, and the steam compressor is in the form of a piston type Compressor, Roots compressor, screw compressor or centrifugal compressor. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统，其特征在于，所述膨胀机与烟气压缩机或蒸汽压缩机同轴安装，回收高压烟气膨胀功用以驱动与所述膨胀机同轴安装的烟气压缩机或蒸汽压缩机运行。8. A flue gas supercharging-based deep recovery flue gas waste heat system according to claim 7, characterized in that, the expander is coaxially installed with the flue gas compressor or the steam compressor, and the recovery high-pressure flue gas expands The function is to drive the flue gas compressor or the steam compressor installed coaxially with the expander to run. 9.如权利要求1-8任一所述的一种基于烟气增压的深度回收烟气余热系统的工作方法，其特征在于，高温烟气进入常压喷淋塔与喷淋水进行热湿交换，回收烟气高温显热并为烟气增湿，喷淋水温度平衡在绝热饱和冷却温度T s ，并排出温度为T s 的饱和湿烟气，饱和湿烟气经烟气压缩机后进入高压喷淋塔，压力升高后烟气的含湿量降低，湿烟气析出水分，凝液释放潜热加热高压喷淋塔内的循环水；高压喷淋塔内喷淋水经第二循环泵一部分返回常压喷淋塔，另一部分进入旋液分离器脱出夹带烟气后，经第一减压阀减压后进入闪蒸罐闪蒸降温，闪蒸所得二次水蒸汽经蒸汽压缩机压缩增压后对外供给高压蒸汽；闪蒸罐内闪蒸降温后的循环水经第一循环泵再次返回高压喷淋塔吸热升温；高压喷淋塔排出的烟气以及旋液分离器分离出的烟气均进入膨胀机，所回收的膨胀功用以驱动烟气压缩机或蒸汽压缩机；高压烟气经膨胀机对外做功后温度降低析出部分水分变为不饱和烟气，之后由烟囱排至大气；在常压喷淋塔处对系统进行补水，并补充脱硫药剂，烟气脱硫副产浓液经排液口定期排出系统。9. The working method of a flue gas supercharging-based deep recovery flue gas waste heat system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the high temperature flue gas enters the atmospheric pressure spray tower and sprays water for heating Moisture exchange, recover the high temperature sensible heat of flue gas and humidify the flue gas, the temperature of spray water is balanced at the adiabatic saturated cooling temperature T s , and the saturated wet flue gas with temperature T s is discharged, and the saturated wet flue gas passes through the flue gas compressor After entering the high-pressure spray tower, the moisture content of the flue gas decreases after the pressure rises, the wet flue gas separates out moisture, and the condensate releases latent heat to heat the circulating water in the high-pressure spray tower; the spray water in the high-pressure spray tower passes through the second A part of the circulating pump returns to the normal pressure spray tower, and the other part enters the hydrocyclone to get rid of the entrained flue gas. After being decompressed by the first pressure reducing valve, it enters the flash tank for flash evaporation and cooling, and the secondary water vapor obtained from the flash evaporation is compressed by steam. The high-pressure steam is supplied to the outside after being compressed and pressurized by the machine; the circulating water after flashing and cooling in the flash tank is returned to the high-pressure spray tower by the first circulating pump to absorb heat and heat up; the flue gas discharged from the high-pressure spray tower and the hydrocyclone are separated The outgoing flue gas enters the expander, and the recovered expansion work is used to drive the flue gas compressor or steam compressor; after the high-pressure flue gas undergoes external work by the expander, the temperature decreases, and part of the moisture is precipitated into unsaturated flue gas, which is then discharged from the chimney. The system is supplied with water at the atmospheric pressure spray tower, and the desulfurization agent is supplemented, and the by-product concentrate of flue gas desulfurization is regularly discharged from the system through the liquid discharge port.
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