CN113091477B - Wet flue gas source heat pump system for controlling input flue gas pressure - Google Patents

Wet flue gas source heat pump system for controlling input flue gas pressure Download PDF

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CN113091477B
CN113091477B CN202110363262.4A CN202110363262A CN113091477B CN 113091477 B CN113091477 B CN 113091477B CN 202110363262 A CN202110363262 A CN 202110363262A CN 113091477 B CN113091477 B CN 113091477B
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flue gas
pressure
heat exchanger
temperature
circulating water
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CN113091477A (en
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董勇
王晓哲
刘雷
崔琳
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Shandong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40—Acidic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C2001/006—Systems comprising cooling towers, e.g. for recooling a cooling medium

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a wet flue gas source heat pump system for controlling input flue gas pressure, which comprises a flue gas inlet, a heat exchanger, a flue gas pressure regulating device, a pressure control valve, a controller, a turbine, a circulating water tank and a user side heat output device, wherein a flue gas outlet at the upper part of the heat exchanger is provided with a temperature and/or pressure sensor for detecting the temperature and/or pressure of discharged flue gas, the flue gas pressure regulating device, the temperature and/or pressure sensor are in data connection with the controller, the controller automatically regulates the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device according to the detected temperature and/or pressure, the pressure regulating valve, the temperature and/or pressure sensor are in data connection with the controller, and the controller automatically regulates the control threshold value of the pressure regulating valve according to the detected temperature and/or pressure. According to the invention, the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device and the threshold value of the pressure regulating valve are controlled according to the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger, so that the temperature and the flow of the hot water outlet of the heat exchanger can be ensured to meet the heat supply requirement, the parameters of the flue gas entering the turbine are further changed, and the use of the electric energy of equipment in the system is met.

Description

Wet flue gas source heat pump system for controlling input flue gas pressure
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchange, waste heat utilization and environmental protection, and relates to a novel wet flue gas source heat pump for water collection, waste heat recovery and pollutant removal.
Background
The boiler, kiln, blast furnace and gas furnace are all required to be provided with flue gas and tail gas treatment devices, wherein the desulfurization mainly adopts limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization technology, and the desulfurization slurry is circularly sprayed into a desulfurization absorption tower and is mixed with SO2Carrying out gas-liquid contact reaction. In the spraying processThe water in the slurry is heated and evaporated by the flue gas, and the flue gas at the outlet of the absorption tower reaches the dew point temperature corresponding to the saturated state, generally about 50 ℃, wherein the mass fraction of the water vapor is about 10-15%. Taking a coal-fired boiler of 600MW as an example, the water vapor content in the discharged wet flue gas is about 230t/h, which causes the discharge loss of a large amount of water resources. Meanwhile, the water vapor fog drops form a condensation core when being discharged, and the formation of the haze can be promoted under certain meteorological conditions. On the other hand, the flue gas with the temperature of 50 ℃ is used as waste heat, although the energy and the taste are low and the density is small, the total amount is large, and the direct discharge to the environment causes heat loss. Therefore, the method has double meanings of saving energy and protecting the environment for recycling moisture and waste heat of the wet flue gas.
In recent years, a great deal of research and achievement have been carried out on flue gas waste heat utilization and water vapor recovery processes, and the following three types can be mainly distinguished: one is an indirect heat exchange process, as in the patent: the system comprises a pressurization regulation type flue gas channel waste heat recovery system (CN201611073039.1), a flue gas waste heat recovery wet method integrated purification system and a method (CN201710001638.0), a flue gas wet desulfurization and whitening device (CN201810302033.X) and an air compressor dehumidification yield-increasing device (CN201920432998.0) based on the pressurization waste heat recovery, wherein a traditional heat exchange form of indirect contact of flue gas and a heat exchange medium is adopted, the technology of the traditional heat exchange form is mature, the application field is wide, but the defects are that the indirect heat exchange is adopted, the influence of the cold end temperature difference between the flue gas and the heat absorption medium is influenced, the heat exchange quantity is small, the outlet temperature of the heat absorption medium is low and is generally lower than about 5 ℃ of the outlet temperature of the flue gas of a heat exchanger, the outlet temperature is low, the subsequent heat utilization scene is limited, and the waste heat utilization effect is poor. Secondly, direct heat exchange technology, as patent: the flue gas is directly contacted with a heat exchange medium for heat exchange in a water spraying direct cooling type flue gas condensing system and a water spraying direct cooling type flue gas condensing method (CN201810938098.3), a whitening and purifying integrated device (CN201910832971.5) and a flue gas purifying method (CN201911196365.5), the heat exchange temperature difference can be effectively reduced by the mode, and the contact type reactor has lower cost and has the defects that wet flue gas at an outlet is still in a saturated state, only the sensible heat partial energy of the flue gas can be utilized, the extraction and utilization of water vapor and latent heat thereof cannot be realized, and impurity components in the flue gas can pollute the recovered medium. Thirdly, heat pump technology, as patent: in the flue gas rotational flow injection de-whitening coupling absorption type heat pump waste heat recovery device and method (CN202010152079.5), the flue gas waste heat deep recovery system based on absorption type circulation (CN201720721693.2) and the heating type absorption-compression coupling heat pump waste heat recovery system (CN202010041064.1), a heat pump mode is adopted, a flue gas heat source is used as a low-temperature heat source, electric energy or superheated steam is used as a high-temperature heat source, and the heat pump is used for upgrading and heating, so that the utilization of waste heat is realized. However, the heat pump system has complex equipment composition and high initial investment cost, wherein the closed heat pump system belongs to an indirect heat exchange mode, can only reduce the wet flue gas to a saturated state with corresponding temperature, and cannot realize further condensation and extraction of water vapor; the open heat pump system absorbs solution and flue gas direct contact reaction, and pollutant component, impurity particle in the flue gas will get into and absorb solution and cause the pollution of solution, and then lead to scale deposit or jam in the pipeline, and system reliability is relatively poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the applicant provides a novel wet flue gas source heat pump for collecting water, recovering waste heat and removing pollutants, wherein the temperature of wet flue gas rises after the pressure of the flue gas is increased, and then the wet flue gas and circulating water perform direct contact type heat exchange, wherein the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to release sensible heat, and the water vapor in the flue gas further releases latent heat of vaporization after reaching a saturated state. And after the heated circulating water enters the user side heat output device to output heat, the circulating water is cooled and enters the heat exchanger to be sprayed to complete circulation. In the operation process, the device can utilize the latent heat of vaporization of water vapor in wet flue gas, the flue gas at the outlet is in a positive pressure state, the dew point temperature of the flue gas is increased, and the water vapor can more easily reach the saturated state for condensation. Meanwhile, the moisture content of the flue gas is reduced after the pressure of the flue gas is increased, and compared with a common direct contact type condensation mode, more water vapor can be condensed, and more waste heat can be recovered. The cooled saturated wet flue gas enters a turbine, and the turbine impeller is pushed to rotate by virtue of the expansion force in the gas pressure release process to drive a generator to generate electricity or output mechanical energy to coaxially drive a circulating water pump to generate electricityThe machine does work and finally achieves the emission under the normal pressure state. Taking the tail flue gas of a 20kW gas turbine unit as an example, the flow rate of the flue gas is about 316m3A temperature of about 50 ℃ initially, and theoretical analysis and simulation show that about 0.65m can be achieved by the process3The geothermal backwater is heated from 20 ℃ to 45 ℃, the system COP is more than 1.6, and the obvious waste heat recovery effect is achieved; meanwhile, the system can recover about 59.3 percent of water vapor in the wet flue gas at 50 ℃, and the expanded flue gas is discharged to the environment at 28.7 ℃.
The device realizes the effect similar to a heat pump by recovering and upgrading latent heat in wet flue gas, and can be regarded as a novel heat pump system. The invention adopts the following scheme:
a wet flue gas source heat pump system for controlling input flue gas pressure comprises a flue gas inlet, a heat exchanger, a flue gas pressure adjusting device, a pressure control valve, a controller, a turbine, a circulating water tank and a user side heat output device, wherein a temperature and/or pressure sensor is arranged at a flue gas outlet in the upper portion of the heat exchanger and used for detecting the temperature and/or pressure of discharged flue gas. The flue gas pressure adjusting device and the temperature and/or pressure sensor are in data connection with the controller, and the controller automatically adjusts the power of the flue gas pressure adjusting device according to the detected temperature and/or pressure; the pressure regulating valve, the temperature and/or pressure sensor and the controller are in data connection, and the controller automatically regulates the regulating threshold value of the pressure regulating valve according to the detected temperature and/or pressure.
Preferably, the turbine is in data connection with a controller, and the controller controls the size of energy transmitted to the circulating water pump by the turbine to control the temperature and the flow of the hot water outlet of the heat exchanger.
Preferably, when the detected flue gas temperature is lower than the set temperature and/or the lower pressure limit, the controller controls the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device to be increased, so that the flow rate of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger is increased, and the temperature of the flue gas in the heat exchanger is further increased; and meanwhile, the controller controls the pressure regulating valve to increase the threshold value, so that the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas in the heat exchanger are increased.
Preferably, when the detected flue gas temperature is higher than the set temperature and/or the upper pressure limit, the controller controls the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device to be reduced, so that the flow of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger is reduced, and the flue gas temperature in the heat exchanger is further increased; and meanwhile, the controller controls the pressure regulating valve to reduce the threshold value, so that the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas in the heat exchanger are reduced.
The flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas pressure adjusting device, the flue gas pressure adjusting device is connected with a heat exchanger, a flue gas outlet at the upper end of the heat exchanger is connected with a turbine, a first pressure control valve is arranged on a pipeline between the flue gas outlet and the turbine, a hot water outlet at the lower end of the heat exchanger is connected with a circulating water tank, a second pressure control valve is arranged on a pipeline between the hot water outlet and the circulating water tank, the circulating water tank is connected with a user side heat output device, the user side heat output device is connected with the heat exchanger, and the turbine transmits energy to the circulating water pump.
Preferably, a demister and a demister are arranged in the heat exchanger, the demister is arranged at the upper part of the demister, and a connecting pipeline between the user side heat output device and the heat exchanger extends into the heat exchanger and is arranged at the lower part of the demister.
Preferably, a filtering device, a dosing water replenishing port and a water intake port are arranged in the water tank, and the dosing water replenishing port and the water intake port are arranged at the lower part of the filtering device.
Preferably, a circulating water pump is arranged on a pipeline between the water tank and the user side heat output device, and a circulating water pump is arranged on a pipeline between the user side heat output device and the heat exchanger.
Preferably, the flue gas pressure regulating means comprises a compressor.
Preferably, the flue gas pressure of the turbine 7 is kept consistent with the flue gas pressure in the heat exchanger, and is the sum of the supercharging amount of the flue gas pressure regulating device and the ambient pressure, and the flue gas pressure is about 80kPa positive pressure in the embodiment. The temperature is the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger flue gas, which is about 45 ℃. Because the pressure of the gas after heat exchange is higher than the ambient pressure, the gas can expand to do work in the process of releasing the gas to the environment, and therefore the expansion work is used for driving the turbine to rotate to do work, and the internal energy of the gas can be converted into a mechanical energy form. The turbine impeller rotates to drive the generator to generate electricity or output mechanical energy to coaxially drive a circulating water pump motor in the system to do work. The expanded low temperature flue gas is discharged to the environment at ambient pressure, and its temperature corresponds to the wet saturation state of the flue gas after pressurization, which is about 28.7 ℃.
A water collection and waste heat recovery and pollutant removal method of a system is characterized in that wet flue gas enters a flue gas pressure regulating device through a flue gas pipeline to be changed into high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas, then the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is introduced into a heat exchanger, and the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas and circulating water perform direct contact type heat exchange, wherein the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to release sensible heat, and water vapor in the flue gas reaches a saturated state and then further releases latent heat of vaporization, so that the latent heat of vaporization of the flue gas is recovered; the circulating water exchanges heat with the flue gas in a contact manner in the heat exchanger, the heated circulating water flows back to the circulating water tank, after the processes of filtering and dosing reaction, the circulating water is pressurized by the circulating water pump and then is pumped to the user side heat output device to release heat, and the cooled circulating water enters the heat exchanger to be sprayed to complete circulation after being pressurized by the circulating water pump; the saturated wet flue gas after cooling passes through a demister and a demister to remove fog drops with larger particle sizes, then enters a turbine, and pushes a turbine impeller to rotate by means of the expansion force of high-pressure gas, so that a generator is driven to generate electricity or mechanical energy is output to coaxially drive a circulating water pump motor to do work, and finally the exhaust at normal pressure is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device and the threshold value of the pressure regulating valve can be controlled according to the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger, so that the temperature and the flow of hot water entering the heat exchanger can meet the heat supply requirement, the parameters of the flue gas entering the turbine can be further changed, and the use of the electric energy of equipment in the system can be simultaneously met.
2. The invention firstly integrates water collection and waste heat recovery, pollutant removal and flue gas self-generating recycling into a system, so that the flue gas after waste heat recovery and pollutant removal is directly used for generating mechanical energy and further outputting mechanical energy or electric energy, and the generated electric energy can also be used as an energy source of a circulating water pump of the system or surrounding small equipment, thereby achieving the integral integrated system of water collection and waste heat recovery, pollutant removal and flue gas self-generating recycling.
3. In the device, after the pressure of the wet flue gas is increased by the pressure adjusting device, the temperature of the flue gas is increased, the flue gas is changed from a saturated state at an inlet into an overheated state, the pressure dew point temperature of the flue gas is increased along with the increase of the pressure, more water can be condensed during contact type heat exchange with water, the latent heat of vaporization entering liquid circulating water is further increased, and the hydrothermal recovery efficiency of the device is obviously improved compared with that of the traditional mode.
4. In the device, after high-pressure saturated wet flue gas is subjected to adiabatic expansion work by the turbine, the pressure of the flue gas outlet is atmospheric pressure, the temperature of the flue gas outlet is lower than the corresponding saturation temperature under atmospheric pressure, and the wet flue gas is in an unsaturated state, so that the generation probability of white smoke is reduced.
5. In the device, the pressure of wet flue gas is increased, the volume of the flue gas is reduced, the sectional areas of the flue and the heat exchanger can be reduced, and the manufacturing input cost of part of equipment is further reduced.
6. The flow and pressure parameters of the circulating water pump are changed, and the spraying amount is controlled, so that the temperature of the circulating water outlet of the heat exchanger is adjusted. The temperature of the circulating water outlet can be adjusted within a certain range, and the control and the use of a user can be facilitated.
7. Slurry fog drops, particles and residual SO exist in the flue gasX、NOXAfter the flue gas passes through the heat exchanger, the acidic gas can react with water to form acid liquor; after the circulating water is atomized by the nozzle, the gas-liquid contact area is increased, the formation of acid mist is facilitated, and the acid mist and particulate matters can be captured by the circulating water through the washing effect of the circulating water; meanwhile, atomized liquid drops and condensed steam can be used as condensation cores, and particles are adsorbed in the crystal nucleus growth process, so that the removal of pollutant components is facilitated.
8. After the pressure of the flue gas is adjusted, the partial pressure of each component in the flue gas rises along with the rise of the total pressure of the flue gas, and the partial pressure of the pollutant component is far greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the component in the liquid phase, so that the diffusion effect of the gas component to the liquid phase can be effectively strengthened, and the absorption process is promoted.
9. According to the invention, the baffle is arranged, so that the sprayed fluid and the flue gas can stay on the baffle for more time, and the heat exchange time is prolonged. Meanwhile, gas and liquid can be subjected to concentrated heat exchange in the fluid holes, and the occurrence of a heat exchange short circuit area is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel wet flue gas source heat pump for water collection, waste heat recovery and pollutant removal;
the system comprises a flue gas inlet 1, a flue gas inlet 2, a flue gas pressure adjusting device 3, a heat exchanger, 4, a demister 5, a pressure control valve 6, a turbine 7, a flue gas outlet 8, a demister 9, a circulating water pump I, a circulating water tank 10, a user side heat output device 11, a circulating water pump II, a circulating water pump 12, a water intake 13, a circulating water tank 14, a medicine adding and water supplementing port 15, a filtering device 16, a pressure control valve 17, a controller 18 and a baffle.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a wet flue gas source heat pump system for water collection, waste heat recovery and pollutant removal. As shown in fig. 1, the system includes a flue gas inlet 1, a heat exchanger 3, a flue gas pressure adjusting device 2, pressure control valves 6 and 16, a turbine 7, a circulating water tank 13, and a user side heat output device 10, where the flue gas inlet 1 is connected to the flue gas pressure adjusting device 2, the flue gas pressure adjusting device 2 is connected to the heat exchanger 3, a flue gas outlet at the upper end of the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the turbine 7, a first pressure control valve 6 is arranged on a pipeline between the flue gas outlet 5 and the turbine 7, a hot water outlet at the lower end of the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the circulating water tank 13, a second pressure control valve 16 is arranged on a pipeline between the hot water outlet and the circulating water tank 13, the circulating water tank 13 is connected to the user side heat output device 10, the user side heat output device 10 is connected to the heat exchanger 3, and the turbine 7 delivers energy to a circulating water pump 9.
Preferably, the tail end of the connecting pipeline is connected with a spraying device, and the connecting pipeline of the flue gas pressure adjusting device 2 and the heat exchanger 3 extends into the heat exchanger and is positioned at the lower part of the spraying device. Spray through spray set makes flue gas and water carry out the intensive mixing heat transfer, improves the heat transfer effect.
Preferably, a filtering device 15, a dosing water replenishing port 14 and a water intake port 12 are arranged in the water tank 13, and the dosing water replenishing port and the water intake port are arranged at the lower part of the filtering device.
Preferably, a circulating water pump 11 is arranged on a pipeline between the water tank and the user side heat output device, and a circulating water pump 9 is arranged on a pipeline between the user side heat output device and the heat exchanger.
Preferably, the flue gas pressure regulating means 2 comprises a compressor. After the pressure of the wet flue gas is increased by the pressure adjusting device, the temperature of the flue gas rises, the flue gas is changed from a saturated state at an inlet into an overheated state, the dew point temperature of the pressure of the flue gas rises along with the rise of the pressure, more water can be condensed when the wet flue gas is in contact heat exchange with water, the latent heat of vaporization entering liquid circulating water is further increased, and the water heat recovery efficiency of the device is obviously improved compared with that of the traditional mode.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for water collection, waste heat recovery and pollutant removal, wet flue gas enters a flue gas pressure regulating device through a flue gas pipeline, is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas, and then is introduced into a heat exchanger, and the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas and circulating water perform direct contact type heat exchange, wherein the flue gas is cooled to release sensible heat, and further releases latent heat of vaporization after water vapor in the flue gas reaches a saturated state, so that the recovery of the latent heat of vaporization of the flue gas is realized; the circulating water exchanges heat with the flue gas in a contact manner in the heat exchanger, the heated circulating water flows back to the circulating water tank, after the processes of filtering and dosing reaction, the circulating water is pressurized by the circulating water pump and then is pumped to the user side heat output device to release heat, and the cooled circulating water enters the heat exchanger to be sprayed to complete circulation after being pressurized by the circulating water pump; the saturated wet flue gas after cooling passes through a demister and a demister to remove fog drops with larger particle sizes, then enters a turbine, and pushes a turbine impeller to rotate by means of the expansion force of high-pressure gas, so that a generator is driven to generate electricity or mechanical energy is output to coaxially drive a circulating water pump motor to do work, and finally the exhaust at normal pressure is achieved.
Preferably, the flue gas pressure adjusting device 2 can be a pressure transmitting device such as a vapor compressor. Because the moisture content in the wet flue gas is higher, modes such as coating anticorrosion, material anticorrosion and the like can be adopted. The variable-frequency compressor is selected, the power of the compressor can be adjusted, and the variable-frequency compressor is used for adjusting the flue gas parameters of the system. The power of the pressure adjusting device can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that the delivered flue gas flow is changed according to needs. For example, when the detected pressure and temperature of the flue gas output from the heat exchanger are lower than the preset pressure and temperature, the power of the system intelligent pressure regulating device is increased, so that the output flue gas flow is increased, and the threshold value of the pressure regulating valve is increased, so that the temperature and flow of the hot water outlet of the heat exchanger are ensured to meet the heat supply requirement, and the parameters of the flue gas entering the turbine are changed.
Preferably, a temperature and/or pressure sensor is arranged at a flue gas outlet at the upper part of the heat exchanger 3 and is used for detecting the temperature and/or pressure of the discharged flue gas, the flue gas pressure adjusting device 2, the temperature and/or pressure sensor and the controller 17 are in data connection, and the controller 17 automatically adjusts the power of the flue gas pressure adjusting device 2 according to the detected temperature and/or pressure, so that the output flue gas flow can meet the heat exchange requirement of the heat exchanger.
Preferably, the pressure control valve, the temperature and/or pressure sensor and the controller are in data connection, and the controller automatically adjusts the threshold value of the pressure control valve according to the detected temperature and/or pressure, so that the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas in the heat exchanger meet the heat exchange requirements of the heat exchanger.
Preferably, the turbine 7 is in data connection with a controller, and the controller controls the amount of energy delivered by the turbine 7 to the circulating water pump 9 to control the flow of circulating water entering the heat exchanger.
Preferably, when the detected flue gas temperature is lower than the set temperature and/or pressure lower limit, the controller controls the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device 2 to be increased, so as to improve the flow rate of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger 3.
Preferably, when the detected flue gas temperature is lower than the set temperature and/or pressure lower limit, the controller controls the pressure control valve to increase the threshold value, so as to increase the temperature and pressure of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger 3.
Preferably, when the detected flue gas temperature is higher than the set temperature and/or pressure upper limit, the controller controls the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device 2 to be reduced, so as to reduce the flow rate of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger 3.
Preferably, when the detected flue gas temperature is higher than the set temperature and/or pressure upper limit, the controller controls the pressure control valve threshold to be lowered, so as to lower the temperature and pressure of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger 3. By such arrangement, on one hand, the turbine 7 can obtain more mechanical energy to be transmitted and utilized by mechanical energy or electric energy, and also more energy can be subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger 3, so that the user needs can be better met.
The power of the flue gas pressure regulating device 2 is controlled according to the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger 3, so that the pressure and the temperature of the flue gas entering the turbine 7 can meet the requirements of the turbine on rotating output mechanical energy or power generation, and more electric energy can be output and the heat supply needs of users can be met.
Preferably, the circulating water pump I9 is in data connection with a controller, and the controller controls the power of the circulating water pump I9 according to the temperature of the flue gas outlet at the upper part of the heat exchanger 3.
Preferably, a temperature and/or pressure sensor is arranged at a flue gas outlet in the upper part of the heat exchanger 3 and used for detecting the temperature and/or pressure of the discharged flue gas, the circulating water pump I9 and the temperature and/or pressure sensor are in data connection with a controller, and the controller automatically adjusts the compression power of the circulating water pump I9 according to the detected temperature and/or pressure, so that the temperature and flow of hot water entering the heat exchanger are guaranteed to meet the heat supply requirement, and the parameters of the flue gas entering the turbine are changed.
Preferably, the turbine 7 is connected with the circulating water pump I9 and used for supplying electric energy or mechanical energy to the circulating water pump I9, the turbine 7 is in data connection with a controller, and the controller controls the turbine 7 to supply energy to the circulating water pump I9 so as to control the power of the circulating water pump I9.
Preferably, when the detected flue gas temperature is lower than the set temperature and/or the pressure lower limit, the controller controls the power of the circulating water pump I9 to be reduced, so that the flow of a cold source entering the heat exchanger is reduced, and the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas output by the heat exchanger 3 are improved.
Preferably, when the detected flue gas temperature is higher than the set upper temperature and/or pressure limit, the controller controls the power of the circulating water pump I9 to be increased, so that the flow of the cold source entering the heat exchanger is increased, and the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas output from the heat exchanger 3 are reduced. By the arrangement, more energy can be subjected to heat exchange in the heat exchanger 3, and the user needs can be better met.
Through foretell size according to 3 export flue gas temperature pressure control circulating water pump I9 of heat exchanger, can realize guaranteeing that the pressure and the temperature that get into turbine 7 satisfy the electricity generation requirement, make more electric energy output and satisfy user's heat supply needs simultaneously.
Preferably, the heat exchanger 3 is a direct contact heat exchanger, and a gas-liquid contact reaction apparatus such as a spray tower, a plate tower, or a packed tower can be used. Wet flue gas enters the reaction tower from the middle part of the reaction tower and leaves the reaction tower from the top of the reaction tower; circulating water enters the reaction tower from the upper part of the reaction tower and leaves the reaction tower from the bottom of the reaction tower.
As a modification, a horizontal baffle is arranged in the heat exchanger 3, the baffle extends the whole cross section of the shell of the heat exchanger 3, the baffle is arranged between the spraying device and the flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger, fluid holes are arranged on the baffle, the flue gas flows upwards through the fluid holes, and simultaneously, water flows downwards from the lower part.
According to the invention, the baffle is arranged, so that the sprayed fluid and the flue gas can stay on the baffle for more time, and the heat exchange time is prolonged. Meanwhile, gas and liquid can be subjected to concentrated heat exchange in the fluid holes, and the flowing heat exchange short circuit area is avoided.
Preferably, the baffle is provided in plurality. Through a plurality of baffles, fluid flows out of the baffles through the fluid holes, enters the next baffle space, stays for more time between the baffles, and continues to exchange heat. The heat can be fully and continuously utilized.
Preferably, the uppermost and lowermost baffles have a non-uniform distribution of fluid hole distribution density. The distribution density of the through-flow holes is increasing from the centre of the uppermost and lowermost baffle to the location where the baffles are connected to the housing of the heat exchanger 3. Because the fluid distributed in the center is the most and the fluid distributed from the center to the outside is reduced no matter the spray head is in spraying or flue gas input, the fluid holes are arranged to be unevenly distributed, so that the fluid holes can be evenly distributed in the process of flowing upwards and downwards, and the damage caused by overhigh local temperature is avoided.
Preferably, the distribution density of the through-flow holes increases from the center of the baffle plate to the connecting position of the baffle plate and the shell. Through the arrangement, the requirement of uniform fluid distribution can be further met.
Preferably, the horizontal baffle plates are of two types, the first type being that the distribution density of the through-flow holes is increased from the center of the baffle plate 18 to the edge of the plate (where the plate is connected to the heat exchanger shell). In the second type, the distribution density of the through-flow holes is reduced from the center of the baffle to the edge of the baffle (the position where the baffle is connected with the housing). A plurality of parallel baffles are arranged along the height direction, and the types of the adjacent baffles are different. The baffles are formed into baffle-like forms by arranging adjacent baffles to be different in type. The fluid flow in the center or around of the previous baffle is the largest, and after the fluid flows into the next baffle, the fluid needs to flow to the around or the center, so that the flow path of the fluid is increased, the fluid can be fully contacted with the heat exchange component, and the heat exchange effect is improved.
Preferably, the uppermost and lowermost baffles are of the first type.
Through setting up the baffle, also can make more being dissolved in aqueous of particulate matter in the flue gas, reduce exhaust pollution.
Preferably, the baffle members are metallic members. The metal piece is arranged to play a role in enhancing heat transfer.
Preferably, the spacing between adjacent baffles increases from the lower portion to the upper portion and then begins to decrease at some intermediate location.
The certain position is preferably an intermediate position between the spraying device and the heat exchanger flue gas inlet.
Through the setting, the flue gas temperature of the flue gas inlet is the highest, and the number of the lower baffles is the largest through the continuous increase of the distance between the baffles, so that the flue gas between the lower baffles and the water exchange more fully. Similarly, because the temperature of shower water is minimum, constantly increases through the interval between the water flow direction baffle for upper portion baffle quantity is the most, makes more abundant heat transfer between flue gas and the water between the baffle on upper portion. Through foretell setting for satisfy the heat transfer effect against current more between the above-mentioned heat exchanger, make the heat exchange efficiency between two entrances the highest, heat transfer time is the longest, and for normal heat transfer effect against current, the heat transfer effect is better, can further improve heat exchange efficiency.
Preferably, the spacing between adjacent baffles increases with increasing magnitude from the lower portion to the upper portion, and then begins decreasing with increasing magnitude at a certain location. The amplitude of the structure is also the result of a large number of experiments and numerical simulation, and the heat exchange efficiency is further improved by about 7%.
Preferably, in order to prevent the flue gas from flowing out through the bottom pipeline of the heat exchanger, a certain liquid level height needs to be kept in the reaction tower to be used as a liquid seal, and the liquid level height is the distance from the liquid level of the cooling water to the second pressure control valve and can be set to be 1 m. At the moment, the pressure parameter set by the second pressure control valve is the difference between the absolute pressure value in the heat exchanger and the liquid level height water head.
Preferably, the heat exchanger 3 is made of pressure-resistant materials such as stainless steel due to the fact that the temperature of flue gas flowing through the heat exchanger is high and the internal pressure of the flue gas is higher than the pressure of the external environment. The pressure in the heat exchanger is the sum of the pressurization amount of the flue gas pressure regulating device and the ambient pressure, if the ambient pressure is 101.3kPa and the flue gas pressurization amount is 80kPa, the pressure in the heat exchanger is 181.3kPa, and the regulation and the control can be carried out through pressure control valves arranged at the flue gas outlet at the upper side and the cooling water outlet at the lower side of the heat exchanger.
Preferably, the demister 8 and the demister 4 are arranged above the inside of the heat exchanger 3 for filtering out liquid droplets entrained with the flue gas. The demister can be a wire mesh demister or a baffle demister.
Preferably, the heat exchanger 3 is provided with a demister 8 and a demister 4, the demister 4 is arranged at the upper part of the demister 8, and a connecting pipeline between the user side heat output device 10 and the heat exchanger 3 extends into the heat exchanger 3 and is arranged at the lower part of the demister 8. Because recirculated cooling water adopts the form of spraying to get into the heat exchanger, inside air and cooling water reverse contact and velocity of flow are higher, and accessible defroster and demister carry out the entrapment to large granule liquid drop fixedly.
And the circulating water pump II 11 is used for improving the pressure of circulating water in the pipeline. The pressure provided by the circulating water pump I9 is used for ensuring the working state of a spraying device, preferably a nozzle, in the heat exchanger 3, and the pressure and flow parameters are determined by the spraying working condition of the nozzle. The pressure provided by the circulating water pump II 11 is used for ensuring the flowing heat exchange state of circulating water in the user side heat output device 10, and the pressure, the temperature and the flow parameters are fed back and adjusted by the thermodynamic calculation result of the user side heat output device. The thermodynamic process is calculated by the gas-liquid energy balance of the heat exchanger 3. In the calculation process, the heat dissipation loss of the equipment is not considered, and the gas-liquid energy balance equation is obtained as follows:
mfΔhf＝cwmwΔTw
wherein m isf、mwRespectively the mass flow of the flue gas and the circulating water, delta hfIs the enthalpy difference of the flue gas inlet-outlet ratio of the heat exchanger, cwIs the specific heat capacity, delta T, of circulating water at constant pressurewThe temperature difference between the circulating water inlet and the circulating water outlet of the heat exchanger.
The specific enthalpy h of the flue gas can be calculated by an empirical formula of the enthalpy value of the flue gas:
h＝1.01t+(2500+1.84t)d
the compressed flue gas temperature can be calculated according to the relationship of the polytropic process T, P:
Figure BDA0003006411820000091
where n is the polytropic index of the thermodynamic process, n may be 1.55.
The moisture content d is:
Figure BDA0003006411820000092
Pbis the gas pressure, PSFor the partial pressure of water vapor, the equation of the relationship between the saturated vapor pressure of Antoine water and the temperature can be used for calculation:
Figure BDA0003006411820000093
according to the equation, the temperature T of the circulating water outlet of the heat exchanger can be obtained as the parameters of the flue gas entering the system can be used as known dataw' with the flow of circulating water mwThe relationship between them.
The pressure control valves 6 and 16 are used for controlling pressure parameters in the heat exchanger, and can be self-supporting pressure regulating valves or digital pressure regulating valves. Because the system is continuously air inlet, the intermittent pressure control is carried out by utilizing a self-standing pressure regulating valve or a digital pressure regulating valve. The pressure regulating valve adopts a post-valve decompression mode, and the pressure control value is consistent with the set value of the smoke pressure regulating device. When the pressure in the heat exchanger is lower than a set value, the regulating valve is in a closed state, the boosted flue gas is enriched in the heat exchanger, and the internal pressure is gradually increased; when the pressure in the heat exchanger is higher than a set value, the regulating valve is in an open state, the flue gas leaves the heat exchanger through the regulating valve, the internal pressure is gradually reduced, the regulating valve is reset, and the closed state is finally recovered. Taking the pressure in the heat exchanger as the positive pressure of 80kPa, the liquid level height of the heat exchanger is 1m, and the environmental pressure is 101kPa, the pressure control parameter of the first pressure control valve is 181kPa, and the pressure control parameter of the second pressure control valve is the difference between the pressure in the heat exchanger and the liquid level head pressure (9.8kPa), namely 171.2 kPa.
The user side heat output device 10 is a user side heat utilization device, and can adopt a common heat exchange mode to utilize the heat of circulating water. This example uses a domestic radiator heating process as the heat utilization device. The inlet temperature of the radiator is 20 ℃, the outlet temperature is 45 ℃, and the maximum hot water amount is 0.65m3The outlet temperature and the hot water quantity can be carried out according to the requirements of a user side by utilizing the circulating water quantity and the flue gas pressurization quantity of the systemAnd (4) feedback regulation.
The circulating water tank 13 is used for storing circulating water of the system and has a buffering effect, and meanwhile, the running temperature of the system can be adjusted by controlling the flow of the circulating water. After gas-liquid heat exchange is carried out on the circulating water in the heat exchanger 3, the circulating water flows to the lower circulating water tank 13 under the action of pressure in the tower. As trace impurities, particles and the like in the flue gas are dissolved in the circulating water during the operation of the system, the flue gas is enriched in the circulating water after long-term operation, and a water treatment device and a filtering device are required to be arranged in the circulating water tank.
The dosing water replenishing port 14 is arranged at the bottom of the circulating water tank 13 and is used for feeding pollutant treatment agents, and dosing modes such as timed feeding, continuous feeding and the like can be adopted.
The water intake 12 is also arranged at the bottom of the circulating water tank 13, and because the system can extract water vapor in the flue gas and enter the circulating water, the long-term operation breaks the mass balance of the original water in the system, and therefore the recovered water needs to be extracted. Meanwhile, the water intake 12 can also be used for discharging the circulating water in the circulating water tank 13.
The filtering device 15 is located inside the circulation water tank 13 and is used for filtering particulate matters or precipitated matters with larger particle sizes.
A working method of a wet flue gas source heat pump system for controlling input flue gas pressure comprises the following steps:
the wet flue gas enters the flue gas pressure adjusting device 2 to adjust the flue gas pressure parameters, the flue gas pressure can be increased, the flue gas temperature is increased, then the wet flue gas is introduced into the heat exchanger 3, the flue gas and circulating water are subjected to direct contact type heat exchange, the flue gas is cooled to release sensible heat, and the water vapor in the flue gas reaches a saturated state and then further releases latent heat of vaporization. The pressure control valve 6 is arranged above the heat exchanger 3, and the pressure control valve 16 is arranged below the heat exchanger 3 and used for controlling the pressure stability in the heat exchanger 3. The cooled saturated wet flue gas passes through a demister 4 and a demister 8 to remove fog drops with larger particle sizes, then enters a turbine 7, and pushes a turbine impeller to rotate by means of expansion force in a gas pressure release process, so that a generator is driven to generate power or mechanical energy is output to coaxially drive a circulating water pump motor to do work, and finally the saturated wet flue gas is discharged under the normal pressure state. The circulating water and the flue gas perform contact heat exchange in the heat exchanger 3, the heated circulating water flows back to the circulating water tank 13 under the action of pressure, and after the processes of filtering, dosing reaction and the like, the circulating water is pressurized by the circulating water pump 11 and then is pumped to the user side heat output device 10 to release heat. And the cooled circulating water is pressurized by a circulating water pump I9 and then enters the heat exchanger 3 to be sprayed to complete circulation.
After the saturated wet flue gas is boosted by the flue gas pressure regulating device, the water vapor in the wet flue gas is changed from a saturated state to an overheated state, and the dew point temperature of the wet flue gas is increased along with the increase of the pressure. Taking 1.8 times of boost ratio as an example, the saturated wet flue gas at 50 ℃ can be raised to about 125 ℃. Because the temperature of the circulating water is far lower than the temperature of the superheated flue gas, after the gas and the liquid are directly contacted, the temperature of the superheated flue gas is reduced to the saturation temperature of the steam under the pressure, and the sensible heat of the flue gas is released in the process; the saturated flue gas is further cooled and released by the gas-liquid temperature difference, and sensible heat of dry flue gas components and latent heat of vaporization of water vapor are released at the stage.
Due to the increased dew point of the wet flue gas, the amount of condensable water condensed to the same temperature is increased compared to conventional atmospheric contact condensers. Therefore, the recovery of the water vapor in the wet flue gas can be realized.
The atomized circulating water drops and the small-particle-size condensed water drops can be used as crystal nuclei to adsorb pollutant gas molecules and particles in the flue gas, the diffusion effect is further promoted under the pressurization effect, and the adsorption capacity is enhanced. After the temperature is reduced, the flue gas leaves the heat exchanger and enters the turbine, and the turbine can expand to generate power or output mechanical energy to coaxially drive the circulating water pump motor to do work. The temperature of the flue gas after the pressure is released to the normal pressure is further reduced and is in an unsaturated state. The circulating water absorbs the sensible heat of the flue gas and the latent heat of vaporization of the water vapor in the contact process, the temperature of the circulating water rises, and the circulating water is used as an output heat source to supply heat to the outside after leaving the heat exchanger.
And the circulating water pump II is used for increasing the pressure of circulating water in the pipeline and can adopt a centrifugal pump. The pressure provided by the circulating water pump I is used for ensuring the working state of a nozzle in the flue gas-water heat exchanger, and the pressure and flow parameters are determined by the spraying working condition of the nozzle. And the pressure provided by the circulating water pump II is used for ensuring the flowing heat exchange state of circulating water in the user side heat output device, and the pressure and flow parameters are determined by the thermodynamic calculation result of the user side heat output device.
The pressure control valve is used for controlling pressure parameters in the flue gas-water heat exchanger, and a digital pressure regulating valve is selected.
The circulating water tank is positioned below the flue gas-water heat exchanger and the pressure control valve, is used for storing circulating water of the system, plays a role in buffering, and can adjust the running temperature of the system through the flow of the circulating water. And circulating water flows into a lower circulating water tank under the action of pressure in the tower after gas-liquid heat exchange is carried out on the circulating water in the flue gas-water heat exchanger. As trace impurities, particles and the like in the flue gas are dissolved in the circulating water during the operation of the system, the flue gas is enriched in the circulating water after long-term operation, and a water treatment device and a filtering device are required to be arranged in the circulating water tank. The bottom of the circulating water tank is provided with a dosing water replenishing port and a water intake port.
The dosing water replenishing port is arranged at the bottom of the circulating water tank and used for feeding pollutant treatment agents in a dosing mode of timed feeding. The water intake is also arranged at the bottom of the circulating water tank and is used for extracting the water recovered by the system and discharging the circulating water in the circulating water tank. The filtering device is positioned in the circulating water tank and used for filtering particles or sediment with larger particle size.
Through preliminary calculation and experimental check, the temperature of return water of the floor heating at 20 ℃ in winter is used as the outlet temperature of a heat output device at a user end, when the pressure rising ratio of smoke is 1.8, after the system recovers waste heat for heating, circulating water can be heated to about 45 ℃, the requirement of the temperature of inlet water of the floor heating can be met, COP can reach more than 1.6 under the working condition, and the recovery effect is good.
The principle of the existing vapor mechanical recompression (MVR) technology or air recompression heat pump (VRC) can be summarized as compressing the secondary vapor generated by the evaporator by a compressor to increase the pressure and temperature thereof, increasing the enthalpy, and then using the secondary vapor as the heat source of the evaporator, so as to fully utilize the latent heat in the secondary vapor, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving. Compared with the two compression type energy upgrading devices, the invention has the following innovation points:
(1) the wet flue gas is used as a heat-carrying working medium, the latent heat of vaporization of water vapor in the wet flue gas is used as a low-temperature heat source, and the processes of energy upgrading, moisture recovery, impurity treatment and the like are carried out on a flue gas source heat pump.
(2) The dew point temperature of the compressed flue gas is increased, the amount of water separated out from the flue gas is increased, the water in the flue gas can be effectively extracted through the gas-liquid contact type heat exchanger, the investment of condensing equipment can be saved compared with the existing two-form device, and the cost of the system is reduced.
(3) Compared with an indirect heat exchange mode, the contact heat exchange can effectively reduce the end difference of the heat exchanger, effectively improve the outlet temperature of the heat absorbing medium and has more obvious energy upgrading effect.
(4) After heat exchange, the flue gas is released to push the impeller to do work, the gas expansion force is converted into mechanical energy to drive the generator to generate electricity or output the mechanical energy to coaxially drive the circulating water pump motor to do work, and finally the normal pressure state emission is achieved, so that the cascade effective utilization of energy is further realized.
In the whole process of the system, the utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas, the recovery of the moisture in the flue gas and the capture of pollutant components can be realized, and the system has extremely strong engineering practice significance.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A wet flue gas source heat pump system for controlling input flue gas pressure comprises a flue gas inlet, a heat exchanger, a flue gas pressure adjusting device, a pressure control valve, a controller, a turbine, a circulating water tank and a user side heat output device, wherein a flue gas outlet at the upper part of the heat exchanger is provided with a temperature and/or pressure sensor for detecting the temperature and/or pressure of discharged flue gas; the flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas pressure adjusting device, the flue gas pressure adjusting device is connected with a heat exchanger, a flue gas outlet at the upper end of the heat exchanger is connected with a turbine, a first pressure control valve is arranged on a pipeline between the flue gas outlet and the turbine, a hot water outlet at the lower end of the heat exchanger is connected with a circulating water tank, a second pressure control valve is arranged on a pipeline between the hot water outlet and the circulating water tank, the circulating water tank is connected with a user side heat output device, the user side heat output device is connected with the heat exchanger, and the turbine outputs electric energy or mechanical energy which can convey energy to a circulating water pump.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the turbine is in data communication with a controller that controls the amount of energy delivered by the turbine to the circulating water pump to control the heat exchanger hot water outlet temperature and flow rate.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein when the detected flue gas temperature is lower than the set temperature and/or pressure lower limit, the controller controls the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device to be increased, so that the flow rate of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger is increased, and the temperature of the flue gas in the heat exchanger is further increased; and meanwhile, the controller controls the pressure regulating valve to increase the threshold value, so that the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas in the heat exchanger are increased.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein when the detected flue gas temperature is higher than the set temperature and/or upper pressure limit, the controller controls the power of the flue gas pressure regulating device to be reduced, so that the flow of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger is reduced, and the flue gas temperature in the heat exchanger is further reduced; and meanwhile, the controller controls the pressure regulating valve to reduce the threshold value, so that the temperature and the pressure of the flue gas in the heat exchanger are reduced.
5. The water collecting, waste heat recovering and pollutant eliminating method of the system as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that wet flue gas is introduced into the flue gas pressure regulating device through the flue gas pipeline to be changed into high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas, which is then introduced into the heat exchanger, and the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas is subjected to direct contact type heat exchange with circulating water, wherein the flue gas is cooled to release sensible heat, and further releases latent heat of vaporization after the water vapor in the flue gas reaches a saturated state, thereby realizing recovery of latent heat of vaporization of the flue gas; the circulating water exchanges heat with the flue gas in a contact manner in the heat exchanger, the heated circulating water flows back to the circulating water tank, after the processes of filtering and dosing reaction, the circulating water is pressurized by the circulating water pump and then is pumped to the user side heat output device to release heat, and the cooled circulating water enters the heat exchanger to be sprayed to complete circulation after being pressurized by the circulating water pump; the saturated wet flue gas after cooling passes through a demister and a demister to remove fog drops with larger particle sizes, then enters a turbine, and pushes a turbine impeller to rotate by means of the expansion force of high-pressure gas, so that a generator is driven to generate electricity or mechanical energy is output to coaxially drive a circulating water pump motor to do work, and finally the exhaust at normal pressure is achieved.
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