CN110152489A - The carbon dioxide capture system and method recycled based on steam turbine exhaust heat - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集系统及方法；基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集系统，包括二氧化碳捕集子系统和基于汽轮机排汽的余热回收热泵子系统；其特征在于：所述二氧化碳捕集子系统包括引风机、吸收塔、富液泵、贫/富液换热器、富液换热器、解吸塔、再沸器、贫液泵、贫液冷却器、塔顶气换热器和气液分离器；所述基于汽轮机排汽的余热回收热泵子系统包括凝汽器、塔顶气换热器、压缩机、再沸器、富液换热器以及节流阀；所述二氧化碳捕集子系统中，所述的吸收塔具有底部气体入口，供经引风机引入的含CO2烟气进入，底部液体出口与富液泵入口相连；本发明适用于燃煤电厂等产生的烟气中低浓度CO2的捕集。
The invention discloses a carbon dioxide capture system and method based on recovery and utilization of waste heat from steam turbine exhaust; the carbon dioxide capture system based on recovery and utilization of waste heat from steam turbine exhaust includes a carbon dioxide capture subsystem and a waste heat recovery heat pump subsystem based on steam turbine exhaust; It is characterized in that: the carbon dioxide capture subsystem includes an induced draft fan, an absorption tower, a rich liquid pump, a lean/rich liquid heat exchanger, a rich liquid heat exchanger, a desorption tower, a reboiler, a lean liquid pump, and a lean liquid cooling device, overhead gas heat exchanger, and gas-liquid separator; the waste heat recovery heat pump subsystem based on steam turbine exhaust includes a condenser, an overhead gas heat exchanger, a compressor, a reboiler, a rich liquid heat exchanger, and Throttle valve; in the carbon dioxide capture subsystem, the absorption tower has a gas inlet at the bottom for the CO2 -containing flue gas introduced by the induced draft fan to enter, and the liquid outlet at the bottom is connected to the inlet of the rich liquid pump; the present invention is applicable to Capture of low-concentration CO2 in flue gas produced by coal-fired power plants, etc.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及二氧化碳捕集系统及方法，具体涉及一种基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集系统及方法。The invention relates to a carbon dioxide capture system and method, in particular to a carbon dioxide capture system and method based on recovery and utilization of waste heat from steam turbine exhaust.
背景技术Background technique
为满足社会不断发展的能源需求，大量煤、天然气等化石燃料的燃烧导致了CO2气体的大量排放，带来了严重的温室效应和气候变化，引起了全人类的广泛关注。因此高效经济的二氧化碳捕集技术十分必要。In order to meet the ever-growing energy demand of the society, the combustion of a large amount of fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas leads to a large amount of CO 2 gas emission, which brings serious greenhouse effect and climate change, which has aroused widespread concern of the whole human being. Therefore, efficient and economical carbon dioxide capture technology is very necessary.
目前，以碱性醇胺类水溶液为化学吸收剂的二氧化碳燃烧后捕集工艺已较为成熟，电力行业中已开始相关的示范工程。然而，该工艺中为了实现吸收剂的再生和二氧化碳的解吸，需要从汽水系统汽轮机的中低压缸抽取高品质蒸汽供热，能耗高，同时导致蒸汽利用率下降、电厂效率降低。据统计，二氧化碳捕集系统的应用将使电厂净效率降低9.5-12.5％。其次，由于燃煤电站发电工艺的汽水系统的本质特征，蒸汽在凝汽器内凝结放出大量汽化潜热被循环冷却水带走，这部分热量由于品质较低往往被浪费，排放到周围环境中。同时，碳捕集系统中仍有多处热流能量未实现充分回收利用，由此造成了热能的极大浪费。因此研究一种回收蒸汽系统及碳捕集工艺流程中低品质热量并充分利用具有重要意义。At present, the carbon dioxide post-combustion capture technology using alkaline alcohol amine aqueous solution as the chemical absorbent is relatively mature, and relevant demonstration projects have begun in the power industry. However, in order to realize the regeneration of the absorbent and the desorption of carbon dioxide in this process, high-quality steam needs to be extracted from the medium and low pressure cylinders of the steam-water system steam turbine for heating, which leads to high energy consumption, and reduces the steam utilization rate and power plant efficiency. According to statistics, the application of carbon dioxide capture system will reduce the net efficiency of power plants by 9.5-12.5%. Secondly, due to the essential characteristics of the steam-water system of the coal-fired power station power generation process, the steam condenses in the condenser and releases a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, which is carried away by the circulating cooling water. This part of the heat is often wasted due to its low quality and discharged to the surrounding environment. At the same time, there are still many places in the carbon capture system where the heat flow energy has not been fully recovered, resulting in a great waste of heat energy. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a recovery steam system and carbon capture process to make full use of low-quality heat.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集系统及方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide capture system and method based on recovery and utilization of waste heat from steam turbine exhaust.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：一种基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集系统，包括二氧化碳捕集子系统和基于汽轮机排汽余热回收的热泵子系统；其特征在于：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a carbon dioxide capture system based on steam turbine exhaust waste heat recovery and utilization, including a carbon dioxide capture subsystem and a heat pump subsystem based on steam turbine exhaust steam waste heat recovery; it is characterized in that:
所述二氧化碳捕集子系统包括引风机、吸收塔、富液泵、贫/富液换热器、富液换热器、解吸塔、再沸器、贫液泵、贫液冷却器、塔顶气换热器和气液分离器。The carbon dioxide capture subsystem includes induced draft fan, absorption tower, rich liquid pump, lean/rich liquid heat exchanger, rich liquid heat exchanger, desorption tower, reboiler, lean liquid pump, lean liquid cooler, tower top Gas heat exchanger and gas-liquid separator.
所述基于汽轮机排汽余热回收的热泵子系统包括凝汽器、塔顶气换热器、压缩机、再沸器、富液换热器以及节流阀。The heat pump subsystem based on steam turbine exhaust waste heat recovery includes a condenser, a tower top gas heat exchanger, a compressor, a reboiler, a rich liquid heat exchanger and a throttle valve.
所述二氧化碳捕集子系统中，所述的吸收塔具有底部气体入口，供经引风机引入的含CO2烟气进入，底部液体出口与富液泵入口相连，顶部液体入口与贫液冷却器出口相连，顶部气体出口连通至后续压缩系统；贫/富液换热器第一入口和第一出口分别与富液泵出口和富液换热器第一入口相连，贫/富液换热器第二入口与贫液泵出口相连；贫/富液换热器的第二出口和贫液冷却器入口相连；解吸塔顶部分别与富液换热器第一出口、塔顶气换热器的第一入口相连，解吸塔底部第一出口与贫液泵入口相连；解吸塔底部第二出口与再沸器的第一入口相连，解吸塔底部入口与再沸器第一出口相连；塔顶气换热器第一出口与气液分离器入口相连，气液分离器底部出口与贫液冷却器的入口连通；气液分离器顶部出口连接CO2压缩系统。In the carbon dioxide capture subsystem, the absorption tower has a bottom gas inlet for the CO2 -containing flue gas introduced by the induced draft fan, the bottom liquid outlet is connected to the rich liquid pump inlet, and the top liquid inlet is connected to the lean liquid cooler The outlets are connected, and the top gas outlet is connected to the subsequent compression system; the first inlet and the first outlet of the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger are respectively connected with the outlet of the rich liquid pump and the first inlet of the rich liquid heat exchanger, and the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger The second inlet is connected to the outlet of the lean liquid pump; the second outlet of the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the lean liquid cooler; the top of the desorption tower is connected to the first outlet of the rich liquid heat exchanger and the top gas heat exchanger respectively. The first inlet is connected, and the first outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower is connected with the inlet of the lean liquid pump; the second outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower is connected with the first inlet of the reboiler, and the inlet at the bottom of the desorption tower is connected with the first outlet of the reboiler; the top gas The first outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the lean liquid cooler; the top outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the CO2 compression system.
所述基于汽轮机排汽的余热回收热泵子系统中，汽轮机的低压缸出口经排汽管道与凝汽器的排汽入口连通，凝汽器的凝结水出口与经热井连接，凝汽器的凝结水由热井收集，并通过凝结水泵提供动力，经多级锅炉给水加热器加热后送入锅炉；凝汽器的热泵工质出口与塔顶气换热器第二入口相连，塔顶气换热器第二出口与压缩机入口相连，压缩机出口与再沸器第二入口相连，再沸器第二出口与富液换热器第二入口连接，富液换热器第二出口与节流阀入口相连，节流阀出口与凝汽器的热泵工质入口相连，形成闭环。In the waste heat recovery heat pump subsystem based on steam turbine exhaust, the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is connected with the exhaust steam inlet of the condenser through the exhaust pipeline, the condensed water outlet of the condenser is connected with the heat well, and the outlet of the condenser The condensed water is collected by the hot well, powered by the condensed water pump, and sent to the boiler after being heated by the multi-stage boiler feed water heater; the heat pump outlet of the condenser is connected with the second inlet of the tower top gas heat exchanger, and the tower top gas The second outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the compressor inlet, the compressor outlet is connected to the second inlet of the reboiler, the second outlet of the reboiler is connected to the second inlet of the rich liquid heat exchanger, and the second outlet of the rich liquid heat exchanger is connected to the The inlet of the throttle valve is connected, and the outlet of the throttle valve is connected with the inlet of the heat pump working medium of the condenser to form a closed loop.
本发明的第二个技术方案是，一种基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集方法，其特在在于：包括如下步骤：The second technical solution of the present invention is a carbon dioxide capture method based on steam turbine exhaust waste heat recovery and utilization, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
外部经净化处理的含CO2烟气经引风机加压后由吸收塔底部气体入口进入吸收塔，与从吸收塔顶部液体入口进入的贫液逆流接触，贫液吸收烟气中的二氧化碳变为富液，被处理后的烟气由顶部气体出口被送至后续输送管道；富液由吸收塔底部液体出口流出，经富液泵升压进入贫/富液换热器与高温CO2吸收剂进行换热，回收由贫液泵而来的高温贫液的热量而升温，进入富液换热器与余热回收热泵子系统中工质换热而升温，而后从解吸塔顶部进入解吸塔；解吸塔对富液进行CO2解吸，使富液变为半贫液，半贫液进入再沸器，在热泵工质的加热下继续进行CO2解吸，使半贫液变为贫液，贫液和解吸出的CO2气体从再沸器流回解吸塔底部作为解吸塔内解吸的热源；贫液再在贫液泵的输送下进入贫/富液换热器，在贫/富液换热器中与经富液泵升压进入的富液换热后，通过贫液冷却器进入吸收塔；解吸塔内解吸出的CO2气体输出到塔顶气换热器；CO2气体在塔顶气换热器中被冷却后送至气液分离器，分离出的CO2气体送入CO2压缩系统，分离出的液体汇入从贫/富液换热器而来的贫液中，经贫液冷却器进入吸收塔内。The externally purified CO2 -containing flue gas is pressurized by the induced draft fan, enters the absorption tower from the gas inlet at the bottom of the absorption tower, and contacts with the lean liquid entering from the liquid inlet at the top of the absorption tower in countercurrent, and the lean liquid absorbs the carbon dioxide in the flue gas to become Rich liquid, the treated flue gas is sent to the subsequent pipeline from the top gas outlet; the rich liquid flows out from the liquid outlet at the bottom of the absorption tower, and is boosted by the rich liquid pump to enter the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger and the high-temperature CO2 absorbent Perform heat exchange, recover the heat of the high-temperature lean liquid from the lean liquid pump to heat up, enter the rich liquid heat exchanger and waste heat recovery heat pump subsystem to heat up the working fluid, and then enter the desorption tower from the top of the desorption tower; desorption The tower performs CO2 desorption on the rich liquid, turning the rich liquid into a semi-lean liquid, and the semi-lean liquid enters the reboiler, and continues CO2 desorption under the heating of the heat pump working fluid, making the semi-poor liquid into a lean liquid, and the lean liquid And the desorbed CO 2 gas flows back from the reboiler to the bottom of the desorption tower as the heat source for desorption in the desorption tower; the lean liquid enters the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger under the delivery of the lean liquid pump, and in the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger After exchanging heat with the rich liquid that has been boosted by the rich liquid pump, it enters the absorption tower through the lean liquid cooler; the CO 2 gas desorbed in the desorption tower is output to the top gas heat exchanger; the CO 2 gas in the top gas After being cooled in the heat exchanger, it is sent to the gas-liquid separator, and the separated CO 2 gas is sent to the CO 2 compression system, and the separated liquid flows into the lean liquid from the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger, and passes through the lean The liquid cooler enters the absorption tower.
过冷状态的低压液态热泵工质进入凝汽器内，与来自汽轮机低压缸的排汽进行换热，排汽凝结放热成为凝结水，经热井收集、凝结水泵输送至锅炉给水加热系统；热泵工质吸热后汽化为湿蒸汽态，随后进入塔顶气换热器与从解吸塔顶部输出的CO2气体换热，进一步升温后的湿蒸汽态工质进入压缩机升压、升温为高温高压汽态工质，该高温高压汽态工质经再沸器内放热凝结为高压液态工质；该高压液态工质在富液换热器内进一步换热降温后，变成低压低温的液相工质，经节流阀进入凝汽器。The low-pressure liquid heat pump working fluid in the supercooled state enters the condenser and exchanges heat with the exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine. The exhaust steam condenses and releases heat to become condensed water, which is collected by a hot well and pumped to the boiler feed water heating system; The heat pump working fluid absorbs heat and vaporizes into a wet steam state, and then enters the top gas heat exchanger to exchange heat with the CO 2 gas output from the top of the desorption tower, and the wet steam state working fluid after further heating enters the compressor to increase the pressure and temperature to High-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium, which is condensed into a high-pressure liquid working medium after exothermic heat in the reboiler; the high-pressure liquid working medium becomes low-pressure and low-temperature after further heat exchange and cooling in the liquid-rich heat exchanger The liquid-phase working medium enters the condenser through the throttle valve.
本发明所述的基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集系统及方法的有益效果是：本发明利用余热回收热泵子系统提升热能品质后供再沸器中CO2吸收剂再生使用，从而避免了从汽轮机中低压缸抽取高品质蒸汽供热，提高了蒸汽利用率和发电效率，同时降低了用于冷却成品气的冷却水使用量，能效利用率高，可广泛适用于燃煤电厂等产生的烟气中低浓度CO2的捕集。The beneficial effects of the carbon dioxide capture system and method based on steam turbine exhaust waste heat recovery and utilization described in the present invention are: the present invention utilizes the waste heat recovery heat pump subsystem to improve the thermal energy quality and then supply the CO2 absorbent in the reboiler for regeneration, thereby avoiding In order to extract high-quality steam from the medium and low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine for heating, improve the steam utilization rate and power generation efficiency, and reduce the cooling water consumption for cooling the product gas, with high energy efficiency and utilization rate, it can be widely used in coal-fired power plants and other generation Capture of low concentration CO 2 in flue gas.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集系统的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon dioxide capture system based on recovery and utilization of waste heat from exhaust steam of a steam turbine according to the present invention.
图2是凝汽器2的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the condenser 2 .
其中：1--汽轮机，2--凝汽器，3--热井，4--凝结水泵4，5--引风机，6--吸收塔，7--富液泵，8--贫/富液换热器，9--富液换热器，10--解吸塔，11--再沸器，12--贫液泵，13--贫液冷却器，14--塔顶气换热器，15--气液分离器，16--压缩机，17--节流阀，18—锅炉给水加热器，19—CO2压缩系统，21--凝汽器壳体，22--热泵工质换热管束，23--循环水换热管束，24--排汽入口，25--凝结水出口；26--热泵工质入口，27--循环水入口，28--热泵工质出口，29--循环水出口。Among them: 1 - steam turbine, 2 - condenser, 3 - hot well, 4 - condensate pump 4, 5 - induced draft fan, 6 - absorption tower, 7 - rich liquid pump, 8 - lean /rich liquid heat exchanger, 9--rich liquid heat exchanger, 10--desorption tower, 11--reboiler, 12--lean liquid pump, 13--lean liquid cooler, 14--overhead gas Heat exchanger, 15--gas-liquid separator, 16--compressor, 17--throttle valve, 18--boiler feed water heater, 19-CO 2 compression system, 21--condenser shell, 22- -heat pump working medium heat exchange tube bundle, 23-circulating water heat exchange tube bundle, 24-exhaust steam inlet, 25-condensed water outlet; 26-heat pump working medium inlet, 27-circulating water inlet, 28-heat pump Working medium outlet, 29 -- circulating water outlet.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合试验例及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细描述。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例，凡基于本发明内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific embodiments. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
实施例1，参见图1，一种基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集系统，包括二氧化碳捕集子系统和基于汽轮机排汽余热回收的热泵子系统；Embodiment 1, see FIG. 1, a carbon dioxide capture system based on steam turbine exhaust heat recovery and utilization, including a carbon dioxide capture subsystem and a heat pump subsystem based on steam turbine exhaust heat recovery;
所述二氧化碳捕集子系统包括引风机5、吸收塔6、富液泵7、贫/富液换热器8、富液换热器9、解吸塔10、再沸器11、贫液泵12、贫液冷却器13、塔顶气换热器14和气液分离器15。The carbon dioxide capture subsystem includes an induced draft fan 5, an absorption tower 6, a rich liquid pump 7, a lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 8, a rich liquid heat exchanger 9, a desorption tower 10, a reboiler 11, and a lean liquid pump 12 , lean liquid cooler 13, tower top gas heat exchanger 14 and gas-liquid separator 15.
所述基于汽轮机排汽余热回收的热泵子系统包括凝汽器2、塔顶气换热器14、压缩机16、再沸器11、富液换热器9以及节流阀17。The heat pump subsystem based on steam turbine exhaust heat recovery includes a condenser 2 , an overhead gas heat exchanger 14 , a compressor 16 , a reboiler 11 , a rich liquid heat exchanger 9 and a throttle valve 17 .
所述二氧化碳捕集子系统中，所述的吸收塔6具有底部气体入口，供经引风机5引入的含CO2烟气进入，底部液体出口与富液泵7入口相连，顶部液体入口与贫液冷却器13出口相连，顶部气体出口连通至后续压缩系统；贫/富液换热器8第一入口和第一出口分别与富液泵7出口和富液换热器9第一入口相连，贫/富液换热器8第二入口与贫液泵12出口相连；贫/富液换热器8的第二出口和贫液冷却器13入口相连；解吸塔10顶部分别与富液换热器9第一出口、塔顶气换热器14的第一入口相连，解吸塔10底部第一出口与贫液泵12入口相连；解吸塔10底部第二出口与再沸器11的第一入口相连，解吸塔10底部入口与再沸器11第一出口相连；塔顶气换热器14第一出口与气液分离器15入口相连，气液分离器15底部出口与贫液冷却器13的入口连通；气液分离器15顶部出口连接CO2压缩系统19。In the carbon dioxide capture subsystem, the absorption tower 6 has a gas inlet at the bottom for the CO2 -containing flue gas introduced by the induced draft fan 5 to enter, the liquid outlet at the bottom is connected to the inlet of the rich liquid pump 7, and the liquid inlet at the top is connected to the lean pump 7. The outlet of the liquid cooler 13 is connected, and the top gas outlet is connected to the subsequent compression system; the first inlet and the first outlet of the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 8 are respectively connected to the outlet of the rich liquid pump 7 and the first inlet of the rich liquid heat exchanger 9, The second inlet of the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 8 is connected to the outlet of the lean liquid pump 12; the second outlet of the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 8 is connected to the inlet of the lean liquid cooler 13; the top of the desorption tower 10 exchanges heat with the rich liquid respectively The first outlet of the device 9 and the first inlet of the top gas heat exchanger 14 are connected, the first outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower 10 is connected with the inlet of the lean liquid pump 12; the second outlet at the bottom of the desorption tower 10 is connected with the first inlet of the reboiler 11 The bottom inlet of desorption tower 10 is connected with the first outlet of reboiler 11; The inlet is connected; the outlet at the top of the gas-liquid separator 15 is connected to the CO 2 compression system 19 .
所述基于汽轮机排汽余热回收的热泵子系统中，汽轮机1的低压缸出口经排汽管道与凝汽器2的排汽入口24连通，凝汽器2的凝结水出口25与经热井3连接，凝汽器2的凝结水由热井3收集，并通过凝结水泵4提供动力，经多级锅炉给水加热器18加热后送入锅炉；凝汽器2的热泵工质出口28与塔顶气换热器14第二入口相连，塔顶气换热器14第二出口与压缩机16入口相连，压缩机16出口与再沸器11第二入口相连，再沸器11第二出口与富液换热器9第二入口连接，富液换热器9第二出口与节流阀17入口相连，节流阀17出口与凝汽器的热泵工质入口26相连，形成闭环。In the heat pump subsystem based on steam turbine exhaust waste heat recovery, the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 1 is communicated with the exhaust steam inlet 24 of the condenser 2 through the exhaust pipeline, and the condensed water outlet 25 of the condenser 2 is connected with the exhaust steam inlet 25 of the condenser 2 through the hot well 3 The condensed water in the condenser 2 is collected by the hot well 3, powered by the condensed water pump 4, and sent to the boiler after being heated by the multi-stage boiler feed water heater 18; the heat pump working medium outlet 28 of the condenser 2 is connected to the top The second inlet of the gas heat exchanger 14 is connected, the second outlet of the top gas heat exchanger 14 is connected with the inlet of the compressor 16, the outlet of the compressor 16 is connected with the second inlet of the reboiler 11, and the second outlet of the reboiler 11 is connected with the rich The second inlet of the liquid heat exchanger 9 is connected, the second outlet of the rich liquid heat exchanger 9 is connected with the inlet of the throttle valve 17, and the outlet of the throttle valve 17 is connected with the heat pump working medium inlet 26 of the condenser, forming a closed loop.
在具体实施例中，如图2所示。所述凝汽器包括凝汽器壳体21，凝汽器壳体21的顶部设置排汽入口24，底部设置凝结水出口25；凝汽器壳体21的侧面分别设置热泵工质入口26、循环水入口2、热泵工质出口28和循环水出口29；凝汽器壳体21内部上、下分别布置热泵工质换热管束22和循环水换热管束23；热泵工质换热管束22的两端分别与热泵工质入口26和热泵工质出口28连通，循环水换热管束23的两端分别与循环水入口27和循环水出口29连通。In a specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 . The condenser includes a condenser shell 21, the top of the condenser shell 21 is provided with an exhaust steam inlet 24, and the bottom is provided with a condensed water outlet 25; the sides of the condenser shell 21 are respectively provided with a heat pump working fluid inlet 26, Circulating water inlet 2, heat pump working fluid outlet 28, and circulating water outlet 29; inside the condenser shell 21, heat pump working fluid heat exchange tube bundle 22 and circulating water heat exchange tube bundle 23 are arranged respectively; heat pump working fluid heat exchange tube bundle 22 The two ends of the heat pump working fluid inlet 26 and the heat pump working fluid outlet 28 communicate with each other, and the two ends of the circulating water heat exchange tube bundle 23 communicate with the circulating water inlet 27 and the circulating water outlet 29 respectively.
所述凝汽器内热泵工质换热管束22具有换热面积可调的功能，可根据二氧化碳捕集系统实际工况下所需热量进行调节，回收足够热量供再沸器使用。The heat pump working medium heat exchange tube bundle 22 in the condenser has the function of adjustable heat exchange area, which can be adjusted according to the heat required by the carbon dioxide capture system under actual working conditions, and enough heat can be recovered for use by the reboiler.
所述贫液冷却器13由冷却水冷却；所述压缩机16、贫液泵11、富液泵7以及引风机5由电力驱动；所述热泵工质可为适合于高温制冷剂的有机工质，如R1234ze(Z)、R245fa等。The lean liquid cooler 13 is cooled by cooling water; the compressor 16, the lean liquid pump 11, the rich liquid pump 7 and the induced draft fan 5 are driven by electric power; Quality, such as R1234ze(Z), R245fa, etc.
所述贫液即经过解吸后的CO2吸收剂，可采用常用醇胺类吸收剂以及中国专利CN2018092807所涉及的胺改性多孔二氧化硅微球乳液状无水二氧化碳吸收剂等，其解吸温度在80℃-120℃之间均可。所述富液是指吸收CO2后的CO2吸收剂。所述半贫液是指解吸出部分CO2的富液。The barren solution is the desorbed CO2 absorbent, which can be commonly used alcohol amine absorbents and the amine-modified porous silica microsphere emulsion-like anhydrous carbon dioxide absorbent involved in the Chinese patent CN2018092807. The desorption temperature It can be between 80°C and 120°C. The rich liquid refers to the CO 2 absorbent after absorbing CO 2 . The semi-poor solution refers to a rich solution that desorbs part of CO 2 .
所述富液换热器9不局限于加热单股富液系统，可包含加热两股或两股以上的富液分流系统。The liquid-rich heat exchanger 9 is not limited to a system for heating a single rich liquid, but may include a split system for heating two or more rich liquids.
所述节流阀17与凝汽器2之间的管道还可设置热泵工质流量调节装置。The pipeline between the throttle valve 17 and the condenser 2 can also be provided with a heat pump working medium flow regulating device.
实施例2、一种基于汽轮机排汽余热回收利用的二氧化碳捕集方法，包括如下步骤：外部经净化处理的含CO2烟气经引风机5加压后由吸收塔6底部气体入口进入吸收塔6，与从吸收塔顶部液体入口进入的贫液逆流接触，贫液吸收烟气中的二氧化碳变为富液，被处理后的烟气由顶部气体出口被送至后续输送管道；富液由吸收塔底部液体出口流出，经富液泵7升压进入贫/富液换热器8与高温CO2吸收剂进行换热，回收由贫液泵12而来的高温贫液的热量而升温，进入富液换热器9与余热回收热泵子系统中工质换热而升温，而后从解吸塔10顶部进入解吸塔10；解吸塔10对富液进行CO2解吸，使富液变为半贫液，半贫液进入再沸器11，在热泵工质的加热下继续进行CO2解吸，使半贫液变为贫液，贫液和解吸出的CO2气体从再沸器11流回解吸塔10底部作为解吸塔内解吸的热源；贫液再在贫液泵12的输送下进入贫/富液换热器8，在贫/富液换热器8中与经富液泵7升压进入的富液换热后，通过贫液冷却器13进入吸收塔6；解吸塔10内解吸出的CO2气体输出到塔顶气换热器14；CO2气体在塔顶气换热器14中被冷却后送至气液分离器15，分离出的CO2气体送入CO2压缩系统19，分离出的液体汇入从贫/富液换热器8而来的贫液中，经贫液冷却器13进入吸收塔6内。Embodiment 2, a carbon dioxide capture method based on steam turbine exhaust waste heat recovery and utilization, comprising the following steps: the externally purified CO 2 flue gas enters the absorption tower from the gas inlet at the bottom of the absorption tower 6 after being pressurized by the induced draft fan 5 6. In countercurrent contact with the lean liquid entering from the liquid inlet at the top of the absorption tower, the lean liquid absorbs the carbon dioxide in the flue gas and becomes a rich liquid, and the treated flue gas is sent to the subsequent pipeline from the top gas outlet; the rich liquid is absorbed by the absorber The liquid at the bottom of the tower flows out of the outlet, and enters the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 8 through the rich liquid pump 7 to exchange heat with the high-temperature CO2 absorbent, recovers the heat of the high-temperature lean liquid from the lean liquid pump 12 to raise the temperature, and enters the The rich liquid heat exchanger 9 exchanges heat with the working medium in the waste heat recovery heat pump subsystem to increase the temperature, and then enters the desorption tower 10 from the top of the desorption tower 10; the desorption tower 10 desorbs CO2 for the rich liquid, turning the rich liquid into a semi-lean liquid , the semi-lean liquid enters the reboiler 11, and CO2 desorption continues under the heating of the heat pump working fluid, so that the semi-lean liquid becomes a lean liquid, and the lean liquid and desorbed CO2 gas flow back to the desorption tower 10 from the reboiler 11 The bottom is used as the heat source for desorption in the desorption tower; the lean liquid enters the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 8 under the delivery of the lean liquid pump 12, and in the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 8, it is boosted by the rich liquid pump 7. After the heat exchange of the rich liquid, it enters the absorption tower 6 through the lean liquid cooler 13; the CO gas desorbed in the desorption tower 10 is output to the top gas heat exchanger 14; the CO gas is absorbed in the top gas heat exchanger 14 After cooling, it is sent to the gas-liquid separator 15, and the separated CO2 gas is sent to the CO2 compression system 19, and the separated liquid flows into the lean liquid from the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 8, and is cooled by the lean liquid The device 13 enters the absorption tower 6.
过冷状态的低压液态热泵工质进入凝汽器2内，与来自汽轮机1低压缸的排汽进行换热，排汽凝结放热成为凝结水，经热井3收集、凝结水泵4输送至锅炉给水加热系统18；热泵工质吸热后汽化为35℃左右湿蒸汽态，随后进入塔顶气换热器14与从解吸塔10顶部输出的CO2气体换热，进一步升温后的湿蒸汽态工质进入压缩机16升压并升温为110℃-130℃、压力9--14bar的高温高压汽态工质。考虑换热器端差，该高温高压汽态工质的温度应高于再沸器11所需温度10℃左右，该高温高压汽态工质经再沸器11内放热凝结为高压液态工质；该高压液态工质在富液换热器9内进一步换热降温后，变成压力0.8bar左右，温度为10℃左右的低压低温的液相工质，经节流阀17进入凝汽器2。The low-pressure liquid heat pump working fluid in the supercooled state enters the condenser 2 and exchanges heat with the exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 1. The exhaust steam condenses and releases heat to become condensed water, which is collected by the hot well 3 and sent to the boiler by the condensed water pump 4. Feed water heating system 18; the heat pump working fluid absorbs heat and vaporizes into a wet steam state at about 35°C, and then enters the top gas heat exchanger 14 to exchange heat with the CO 2 gas output from the top of the desorption tower 10, and the wet steam state after further heating The working medium enters the compressor 16 to increase the pressure and temperature to 110°C-130°C, and the pressure is 9--14bar high-temperature and high-pressure vapor state working medium. Considering the end difference of the heat exchanger, the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium should be about 10°C higher than the temperature required by the reboiler 11. After further heat exchange and cooling in the liquid-rich heat exchanger 9, the high-pressure liquid working medium becomes a low-pressure and low-temperature liquid-phase working medium with a pressure of about 0.8 bar and a temperature of about 10°C, and enters the condensing steam through the throttle valve 17 Device 2.
在具体实施例中，所述凝汽器包括凝汽器壳体21，凝汽器壳体21的顶部设置排汽入口24，底部设置凝结水出口25；凝汽器壳体21的侧面分别设置热泵工质入口26、循环水入口27、热泵工质出口28和循环水出口29；凝汽器壳体21内部上、下分别布置热泵工质换热管束22和循环水换热管束23；热泵工质换热管束22的两端分别与热泵工质入口26和热泵工质出口28连通，循环水换热管束23的两端分别与循环水入口27和循环水出口29连通；如图2所示。汽轮机排汽进入凝汽器2后先与上层设置的热泵工质换热管束22内的热泵工质换热，再与下层设置的循环水换热管束23内设置的循环水换热。因此碳捕集系统正常运行时将大大减少供给凝汽器的循环水量，从而降低循环水泵功。当二氧化碳捕集系统处于停止运行或进行检修时，所述汽轮机排汽余热回收热泵子系统也停止运行，供给凝汽器的循环水量恢复至无汽轮机排汽余热回收热泵子系统时的设定值，汽轮机排汽只与循环水进行换热，从而保证汽水系统的稳定运行。In a specific embodiment, the condenser includes a condenser housing 21, the top of the condenser housing 21 is provided with an exhaust steam inlet 24, and the bottom is provided with a condensate outlet 25; the sides of the condenser housing 21 are respectively provided with Heat pump working medium inlet 26, circulating water inlet 27, heat pump working medium outlet 28, and circulating water outlet 29; inside the condenser shell 21, heat pump working medium heat exchange tube bundles 22 and circulating water heat exchange tube bundles 23 are arranged respectively; The two ends of the working medium heat exchange tube bundle 22 are respectively connected with the heat pump working medium inlet 26 and the heat pump working medium outlet 28, and the two ends of the circulating water heat exchange tube bundle 23 are respectively connected with the circulating water inlet 27 and the circulating water outlet 29; as shown in Figure 2 Show. After the steam turbine exhaust enters the condenser 2, it first exchanges heat with the heat pump working medium in the heat pump working medium heat exchange tube bundle 22 provided on the upper layer, and then exchanges heat with the circulating water provided in the circulating water heat exchange tube bundle 23 provided on the lower layer. Therefore, when the carbon capture system is in normal operation, the amount of circulating water supplied to the condenser will be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the circulating water pump work. When the carbon dioxide capture system is shut down or under maintenance, the steam turbine exhaust heat recovery heat pump subsystem also stops running, and the circulating water supplied to the condenser returns to the set value when there is no steam turbine exhaust heat recovery heat pump subsystem , The exhaust steam of the steam turbine only exchanges heat with the circulating water, thus ensuring the stable operation of the steam-water system.
凝汽器循环水入口27通过循环水泵连接冷却塔的循环水出口，凝汽器循环水出口29与冷却塔的循环水入口相连。The condenser circulating water inlet 27 is connected to the circulating water outlet of the cooling tower through a circulating water pump, and the condenser circulating water outlet 29 is connected to the circulating water inlet of the cooling tower.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still describe the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments. Modifications, or equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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