CN114458321B - Method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting - Google Patents
Method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114458321B CN114458321B CN202210311558.6A CN202210311558A CN114458321B CN 114458321 B CN114458321 B CN 114458321B CN 202210311558 A CN202210311558 A CN 202210311558A CN 114458321 B CN114458321 B CN 114458321B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting, which relates to the technical field of mine blasting, and utilizes the advantages of the coexistence of flexibility and strength of a filling material (9), and vibration waves and impact force generated by explosive are buffered and blocked by the filling material during blasting, so that the damage of blasting to the surrounding rock is reduced, the stability of the surrounding rock is enhanced, cracks generated by blasting to the surrounding rock are also reduced, after blasting, the filling material in a top protection hole is added with reinforcing steel bars placed in the middle to be supported by upright posts and arched jacking posts, so that a stable and effective artificial roof is formed, the safety coefficient of the operation of operators under the artificial roof is effectively ensured, and each component in the filling material is a pollution-free, healthy and environment-friendly product, other pollution gas can not be generated after blasting, and can be discharged out of an operation surface along with the concentration of the polluted air.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine blasting, in particular to a method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting.
Background
Surrounding rock in the tunneling process is known to be an underground tunnel which is excavated in the mining or exploring process and used for transportation, drainage and ventilation, and exposed rock mass around the tunnel.
In the tunneling process, explosive is used for blasting in a rock body, so that when the explosive is blasted in the rock body, explosive gas can be generated to instantaneously expand and act on rock walls around the explosive to form a strong impact load, the impact load acts on the rock walls, the rock walls exist as a medium, the stress state of the rock walls is propagated from a blasting source to the surrounding in a fluctuation mode, the fluctuation of the stress is called stress wave, and the stress wave acts on the rock walls to deform and destroy the rock body to different degrees.
The structure of a rock refers to the size, shape, surface characteristics of the mineral grains that make up the rock and the manner of bonding between the mineral grains, which means that the rock mass or rock is not completely void-free and that it itself is void, fissure or joint-free and that changes or damage to the surrounding rock caused by the action of an explosive explosion on the void, fissure or joint are critical.
When an underground tunnel is excavated, the stability of surrounding rock is one of the roadway safety indexes, and the surrounding rock is formed by combining three kinds of rocks under the normal condition of the encountered rocks, and the formation processes of the three kinds of rocks are not identical, so that the stress states of the three kinds of rocks are different, but the stress states interact in a period, the balance point reaches an equilibrium state, and after the tunneling blasting, the original balance condition is destroyed due to the partial excavation of the underground, so that the stress is redistributed, and the rock body is deformed towards the direction of the tunnel. When the stress exceeds the rock mass strength, the rock mass breaks. In weak rock mass or soil mass, deformation phenomena such as roof collapse, bottom plate bulge, two-wall extrusion and the like can also occur.
In the whole blasting process, the stable support of surrounding rock is one of important links, and the current common support modes mainly comprise the following steps:
1. And (3) advanced anchor cable support: the method is characterized in that an advanced anchor cable hole is drilled at the top at an upward inclination angle of 12 degrees according to design requirements before a blasting hole is drilled, and an anchor cable is placed into the hole by using an anchor cable machine after the anchor cable hole drilling is completed.
2. Isolation hole: the method is characterized in that before drilling the blastholes, the isolation holes are drilled at the top, the drilling inclination angle is 12 degrees, the isolation holes are arranged at intervals of 10-15 CM, and after the isolation holes are drilled, the blastholes are drilled, and the method has the defects that in a construction area with poor surrounding rock stability, safety support is needed after blasting, and when the support is carried out, the top of a working area is still in exposed surrounding rock, and the safety coefficient of the working area is poor.
3. Advanced steel pipe: the method is characterized in that before drilling a blasthole, a leading hole is drilled at the top, the drilling inclination angle is about 12 degrees of the upward inclination angle, after the construction of the leading hole is finished, a plugged leading steel pipe is plugged at the rear, the leading steel pipe with an exposed orifice is fixed on a rear arch-shaped supporting part to conduct roof protection, and the defects are that the leading steel pipe is deformed and extruded due to poor toughness and blasting time of the leading steel pipe and the impact force of explosive, so that the self strength of the leading steel pipe is reduced, the safety coefficient of roof protection is reduced, and the like.
It would be a long felt technical need of those skilled in the art how to provide a method for stabilizing and supporting surrounding rock during soft rock excavation blasting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention provides a method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling and blasting, and the filling material in the invention is used for buffering and blocking vibration waves and impact force generated by explosive during blasting under the advantage of coexistence of flexibility and strength, so that the damage of blasting to the surrounding rock is reduced, the stability of the surrounding rock is greatly enhanced, and cracks and the like generated by blasting to the surrounding rock are also reduced.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting comprises the following steps:
Firstly, checking straightness of the steel bar and whether external threads of two ends of the steel bar are defective, and checking whether threaded holes on a circular end gasket and a circular clamp of an orifice are slipped or damaged;
Secondly, after checking and meeting design requirements, drilling roof protection holes at the upper end of the surrounding rock surface along the outline of the arch surface, wherein the distance between every two roof protection holes is 10 CM-15 CM, the bottoms of central axes of the roof protection holes incline upwards to form inclination angles, the central axes of the roof protection holes form an inclination angle with a horizontal included angle of 13-17 degrees, and the inclination angles of the roof protection holes on the same surrounding rock surface are the inclination angles of uniform inclination angles;
Thirdly, drilling a blasting hole on the surrounding rock surface according to the design requirement after the top protection hole is drilled;
Fourthly, filling the top protection hole, firstly taking out the reinforcing steel bars, screwing external threads at the lower end of the reinforcing steel bars into threaded holes in the round end gaskets until the reinforcing steel bars are completely screwed, lightly kneading packaging bags filled with filling materials, enabling the swelling agent and the sticky agent which are independently packaged in the material bag A on the packaging bags to be fused with the polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A, enabling the catalyst which are independently packaged in the material bag B on the packaging bags to be fused with the synthetic curing agent in the material bag B, kneading and unsealing partition strips on the packaging bags to enable the swelling agent, the sticky agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A to be fused with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the material bag B and to generate chemical reaction, stacking the packaging bags filled with the filling materials into thin strips, enabling the length of the packaging bags to be 20 CM-40 CM, then enabling the plurality of packaging bags to be bound to the outer edge surfaces of the reinforcing steel bars at intervals, after the packaging bags are bound, enabling the reinforcing steel bars to be plugged into the top protection hole until the round end gaskets to be completely contacted with the bottom of the hole of the top protection hole, enabling the threaded holes on the hole opening on the material bag B to be sleeved on the top protection hole, then enabling the swelling agent, the sticky agent and the anti-seepage material to be completely screwed into the hole on the top protection hole, and the top protection hole after the sealing bags are completely filled with the round hole, and the top protection hole is completely filled with the sealing materials;
Fifthly, after filling all the top protection holes, manufacturing detonating cord, explosive and detonator into detonating powder, then lightly pushing the detonating powder into the blasting holes by using a long wooden stick, lightly kneading a packaging bag filled with filling materials after the detonating powder is filled, enabling an expanding agent and a sticky agent which are independently packaged in an A material bag on the packaging bag to be fused with a polymeric fiber resin and an antioxidant in the A material bag, enabling a catalyst which are independently packaged in a B material bag on the packaging bag to be fused with a synthetic curing agent in the B material bag, then kneading and unsealing a dividing strip on the packaging bag to enable the expanding agent, the sticky agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the A material bag to be fused with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the B material bag and to generate chemical reaction, kneading the shape of the packaging bag into a cylinder, then plugging the sealing bag into an orifice of the blasting holes and abutting against the end of the detonating powder, and enabling the filling materials to burst the packaging bag and the outer packaging bag until the filling materials are completely reacted together until the filling materials are completely bonded with the wall of the blasting holes, and if the filling materials are still provided with expansion pressure, and the filling materials can completely extend to the bottom of the blasting holes and stop doing work after the expansion along the bottom of the blasting holes;
Sixthly, after filling all the blast holes, the operator exits the operation area and reaches the detonation area, and detonates after waiting for 20-40 minutes;
Step seven, after the detonation is completed, carrying out forced mechanical ventilation on the operation area for 45-min min, after the ventilation is completed, carrying a gas detector by an operator to reach the operation area, and entering the operation area under the condition that the air reaches the standard, firstly cleaning and flattening the space capable of installing the stand columns on the left side and the right side of the operation area, installing the stand columns on the two sides, then installing arch-shaped jacking columns on the upper ends of the two stand columns, and carrying out primary blasting support by arch-shaped jacking to respectively connect and support the outer ends of the filling materials in each jacking hole;
And eighth, repeating the steps to carry out subsequent blasting support, then respectively connecting the upright posts and the arched jacking posts in the two adjacent blasting supports into a whole by using a pull rod, setting a supporting iron pipe or a rail in a space at the horizontal included angle between the outer edge surface of the filling material in the jacking hole and the horizontal included angle in each blasting support, and then cleaning slag stones generated by blasting.
The third step is to drill a cut hole in the middle of the surrounding rock surface when drilling a blasting hole on the surrounding rock surface.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling and blasting is characterized in that the depth of the top protection hole is larger than that of the blasting hole.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling and blasting comprises the step of enabling the depth of the blastholes to be 2.4 m-2.6 m.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling and blasting comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
50% -60% of polymerized fiber resin;
2% -6% of antioxidant;
5% -15% of a catalyst;
6% -9% of an expanding agent;
5% -17% of a thickening agent;
10 to 15 percent of synthetic curing agent.
The method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling and blasting comprises the steps of using a high-molecular synthetic curing agent, wherein the high-molecular synthetic curing agent is a combination of hydrophilic white carbon black and fluoroplastic, the antioxidant is an A0-60 antioxidant, and the thickening agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting comprises the steps of arranging an anti-seepage bag on the inner side of an outer bag, arranging a partition strip on the middle lower portion of the outer bag to enable the upper end and the lower end of the outer bag to be distributed to form an A material bag and a B material bag with independent spaces, wherein polymeric fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent and a sticky agent are respectively arranged in the A material bag, the expanding agent and the sticky agent are respectively and independently packaged in the A material bag, a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent are respectively and independently packaged in the B material bag, and the catalyst is respectively and independently packaged in the B material bag.
The method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling and blasting comprises the steps that the sealing bag comprises an anti-seepage bag and an outer bag, the anti-seepage bag is arranged in the outer bag, and independently packaged polymer fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent, a sticky agent, a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent are respectively arranged in the anti-seepage bag.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
According to the invention, under the advantage of coexistence of flexibility and strength of the filling material, vibration waves and impact force generated by explosive are buffered and blocked by the filling material during blasting, so that damage of blasting to surrounding rock is reduced, stability of the surrounding rock is greatly enhanced, cracks generated by blasting to the surrounding rock are also reduced, after blasting, the filling material formed by the top protection hole is additionally added with reinforcing steel bars placed in the middle and supported by the upright posts and the arched jacking posts, so that a stable and effective artificial top is formed, safety coefficient of operation of operators under the artificial top is effectively ensured, each component in the filling material is a pollution-free, healthy and environment-friendly product, other polluted gas is not generated after blasting, the polluted gas can be discharged out of an operation surface along with concentrated polluted wind, and the invention has the advantages of convenience in operation, high blasting efficiency, good use effect and the like, and is suitable for popularization and application in a large range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a layout of a roof hole and a blast hole in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a top guard hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a blast hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the packaging bag according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an initial state of a filling material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an initial chemical reaction state of a filler material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a further chemical reaction state of the filler material according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the final state of the filling material after chemical reaction in the embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure: 1. an arched surface; 2. a top protection hole; 3. cutting the slot; 4. a blast hole; 5. a surrounding rock face; 6. an external thread; 7. an orifice circular card; 8. reinforcing steel bars; 9. a filler material; 10. a circular end spacer; 11. detonating cord; 12. an explosive; 13. a detonator; 14. a material bag A; 15. an anti-seepage bag; 16. dividing the strips; 17. an outer bag; 18. and B, material bag.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in more detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention;
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "side", "length", "width", "height", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "side", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting is described with reference to figures 1-8, and specifically comprises the following steps:
Firstly, checking straightness of the steel bar 8 and whether external threads 6 at two ends of the steel bar 8 are defective, and checking whether threaded holes on a circular end gasket 10 and a circular clamp 7 of an orifice are slipped and damaged;
Secondly, after checking and meeting design requirements, drilling top protection holes 2 at the upper end of the surrounding rock surface 5 along the outline of the arch surface 1, wherein the distance between every two top protection holes 2 is 10 CM-15 CM, the bottom of the central axis of each top protection hole 2 is inclined upwards to form an inclination angle, the central axis of each top protection hole 2 and the horizontal included angle are 13-17 degrees, and the inclination angle of the top protection holes 2 on the same surrounding rock surface 5 is the inclination angle of a uniform inclination angle;
Thirdly, drilling blasting holes 4 on the surrounding rock surface 5 according to design requirements after the top protection holes 2 are drilled; drilling a cut hole 3 in the middle of the surrounding rock face 5 when drilling a blast hole 4 in the surrounding rock face 5;
Fourthly, filling the top protection hole 2, firstly taking out the reinforcing steel bar 8, screwing the external thread 6 at the lower end of the reinforcing steel bar 8 into the threaded hole in the round end gasket 10 until the reinforcing steel bar is completely screwed, lightly kneading the packaging bag filled with the filling material 9, enabling the expanding agent and the sticky agent which are independently packaged in the packaging bag A to be fused with the polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the packaging bag A14, enabling the catalyst which are independently packaged in the packaging bag B to be fused with the synthetic curing agent in the packaging bag B18, kneading the dividing strip 16 on the packaging bag to enable the expanding agent, the sticky agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the packaging bag A to be fused with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the packaging bag B to generate chemical reaction, stacking the packaging bag filled with the filling material 9 into a thin strip shape, enabling the length of the packaging bag to be 20 CM-40 CM, enabling the packaging bags to be bound to the outer edge surface of the reinforcing steel bar 8 at intervals, plugging the reinforcing steel bar 8 into the top protection hole 2 until the round end gasket 10 is completely contacted with the synthetic curing agent in the packaging bag B in the packaging bag 18, enabling the sealing bag B to be completely contacted with the synthetic curing agent in the top protection hole 2, and enabling the sealing strip to be completely screwed with the round end 7 to be completely contacted with the reinforcing steel bar 9, and completely screwed into the round end 7, and completely sleeved on the top protection hole 7 is completely connected with the round end 7, and the sealing material is completely filled with the sealing bag 9, and finally, the sealing material is completely sealed;
Fifthly, after filling all the top protection holes 2, manufacturing an detonating cord 11, an explosive 12 and a detonator 13 into an initiating explosive, then slightly pushing the initiating explosive into a blasting hole 4 by using a long wooden stick, after filling the initiating explosive, slightly kneading a sealing bag filled with a filling material 9, so that an expanding agent and a sticky agent which are independently packaged in an A material bag 14 on the sealing bag are fused with a polymeric fiber resin and an antioxidant in the A material bag 14, so that a catalyst which are independently packaged in a B material bag 18 on the sealing bag is fused with a synthetic curing agent in the B material bag 18, then kneading a dividing strip 16 on the sealing bag to enable the expanding agent, the sticky agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the A material bag 14 to be fused with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the B material bag 18 and generate chemical reaction, kneading the shape of the sealing bag into a cylinder, then plugging the sealing bag into an orifice of the blasting hole 4 by using the long wooden stick and abutting the explosive, after the filling material 9 is completely reacted, the filling material 9 is used for bursting the end heads 15 and the sealing bag 17 until the seepage-proof bags are completely bonded with the wall of the blasting hole 4, and the expansion material 9 is completely stretched along the expansion hole 9 after the explosion hole is completely filled, and the expansion is completely done until the expansion material is completely filled along the bottom material 9;
Sixthly, after filling all the blasting holes 4, the operator exits the operation area and reaches the detonation area, and detonates after waiting for 20-40 minutes;
Step seven, after the detonation is completed, carrying out forced mechanical ventilation on the operation area for 45-min min, after the ventilation is completed, carrying a gas detector by an operator to reach the operation area, and entering the operation area under the condition that the air reaches the standard, firstly cleaning and flattening the space capable of installing the stand columns on the left side and the right side of the operation area, installing the stand columns on the two sides, then installing arch-shaped jacking columns on the upper ends of the two stand columns, and carrying out arch-shaped jacking to respectively connect and support the outer ends of the filling materials 9 in each jacking hole 2, thus completing primary blasting support;
And eighth, repeating the steps to carry out subsequent blasting support, then respectively connecting the upright posts and the arched jacking posts in the two adjacent blasting supports into a whole by using a pull rod, setting a supporting iron pipe or a rail in the space at the horizontal included angle between the outer edge surface of the filling material 9 in the jacking hole 2 in each blasting support, and then cleaning slag stones generated by blasting.
In specific implementation, the depth of the blastholes 4 is 2.4 m-2.6 m. The depth of the roof hole 2 is greater than the depth of the blast hole 4.
Further, the filling material 9 comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
50% -60% of polymerized fiber resin; 2% -6% of antioxidant;
5% -15% of a catalyst; 6% -9% of an expanding agent;
5% -17% of a thickening agent; 10 to 15 percent of synthetic curing agent.
The synthetic curing agent is a high-molecular synthetic curing agent, the high-molecular synthetic curing agent is a combination of hydrophilic white carbon black and fluoroplastic, the antioxidant is an A0-60 antioxidant, and the thickening agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Further, the packaging bag comprises an impermeable bag 15, a dividing strip 16 and an outer bag 17, wherein the impermeable bag 15 is arranged on the inner side of the outer bag 17, the dividing strip 16 is arranged on the middle lower portion of the outer bag 17, so that an A material bag 14 and a B material bag 18 with independent spaces are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the outer bag 17 in a distributed mode, polymeric fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent and a sticky agent are respectively contained in the A material bag 14, the expanding agent and the sticky agent are respectively and independently packaged in the A material bag 14, a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent are respectively contained in the B material bag 18, and the catalyst is respectively and independently packaged in the B material bag 18.
Further, the packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag 15 and an outer packaging bag 17, wherein the anti-seepage bag 15 is arranged in the outer packaging bag 17, and independently packaged polymer fiber resin, antioxidant, swelling agent, thickening agent, catalyst and synthetic curing agent are respectively arranged in the anti-seepage bag 15.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the pilot holes 2 are H1 to H31 in fig. 1, the blastholes 4 are 10 to 71 in fig. 1, and the undercut holes 3 are 1 to 9 in fig. 1.
The magnitude of the supporting strength in the tunnel tunneling is a key for effectively controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the relation between the steady flow speed of the surrounding rock and the supporting strength is in a negative exponential function form. The control effect of the support strength on the roadway deformation is greatly influenced. The invention adopts the same supporting structural form to detect the supporting strength of different roadway peripheries.
Detection points are arranged on the periphery of the arched roof, the supporting strength is measured, and the values are given in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 supporting strength of each roadway test point
The optimal roadway support strength is not as high as possible, and is mainly dependent on the safe use and service life of the roadway. The supporting strength has a reasonable range, and in the range, the increase of the supporting strength can effectively control the deformation of the roadway, and the supporting strength is increased and exceeds the range. The deformation of the roadway is not significantly reduced.
Proved by researches, the support strength is in the range of 0.3-0.5 MPa, which is a reasonable strength range of surrounding rock support. The above assay was consistent with this study outcome.
According to the surrounding rock loose coil theory, the surrounding rock is divided into two stages according to the rock volume strain curve in the full stress-strain process: in the weakening section, the volume expansion speed is higher, and the occurrence and development of the weakening section are limited by the supporting resistance, so that higher cost and price are required. This stage breaks the surrounding rock edge in a relatively stable state, so that it is not necessary to control the deformation of the surrounding rock of the weakened section at a high cost, and the deformation should be released. In the residual strength section, the broken rock mass generates larger sliding deformation under the action of residual stress, the crack expansion speed is increased, the volume expansion growth is more gradual, the deformation speed of surrounding rock of a roadway is impossible to be zero, and the method is not only technically difficult to realize, but also economically difficult to bear. The low-speed rheological property of the surrounding rock is effectively controlled, so that the economical and effective supporting safety can be ensured, the roadway is safe and reliable in the using process, as can be seen from the table 2, four roadways with different sections are in the residual stress release stage within 15-30 days in the early stage, the filling material can support the sliding deformation of the surrounding rock, and the deformation amount of the filling material is gradually reduced and tends to be stable when the filling material is 30-90, so that the supporting mode plays the role of unloading the loose surrounding rock, prevents the development of loose rings, and well controls the rheological deformation speed of the surrounding rock around the roadway.
TABLE 2 rheological speeds of surrounding rock of each roadway
Blasting effect measurement
Because the explosion reaction of the explosive is a high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed transient process, the lithology is complex and changeable with the explosion conditions, the direct observation and research of the rock breaking process are extremely difficult, the explosion conditions affecting the explosion effect are more, the effect is different, but the explosion conditions are mainly related to the explosion parameters, the free surface conditions, the blocking quality and the delay time. Therefore, the blasting-penetration effect is mainly measured to check the blasting-penetration effect. The specific blasting effect is shown in tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 determination of blast effect under hard rock
Table 4 determination of blast effect under soft rock
By comparing the situations of the 1238 middle-section east main rock-drilling roadway, the 1200 middle-section east main rock-drilling roadway, the 271 middle-section main rock-drilling roadway and the 271 one-layer main rock-drilling roadway, the blasting effect on hard rock is 100% -106%, the blasting effect on soft rock is 104% -106%, and the blasting effect is beyond the expected blasting effect.
The related experimental study provides an intuitive method for roadway support, and therefore, the strength of the surrounding rock of the roadway support through the filling material reaches 0.3-0.6MPa, and the rheological speed of the roadway is basically 0.1-0.4mm/d. The blasting effect is 4% -6% enhanced compared with the expected result. The data fully illustrate the feasibility of the support of the filling material, meanwhile, the filling material has constant negative contractibility, the structure of the support can be ensured to be uniformly contracted under the working resistance before the deformation pressure of the surrounding rock reaches the bearing limit of the support body, the deformation of the surrounding rock is released to some extent, the external load of the support is slowed down, thereby ensuring the completeness of the support body, and meanwhile, the filling support effectively seals the surface of the surrounding rock and can prevent the rock body from softening and disintegrating due to water absorption. The filling material has the advantages of no pollution, health and environmental protection, no other pollution gas after blasting, capability of being discharged out of the working surface along with the concentrated sewage wind, convenient operation, high blasting efficiency, good using effect and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The embodiments selected herein for the purposes of disclosing the invention are presently considered to be suitable, but it is to be understood that the invention is intended to include all such variations and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, checking straightness of the steel bar (8) and whether external threads (6) at two ends of the steel bar (8) are defective or not, and checking whether threaded holes on a circular end gasket (10) and a circular clamp (7) of an orifice are slipped or damaged or not;
Secondly, after checking and meeting design requirements, drilling roof protection holes (2) at the upper end of a surrounding rock surface (5) along the outline of an arch surface (1), wherein the distance between every two roof protection holes (2) is 10 CM-15 CM, the bottom of the central axis of each roof protection hole (2) is inclined upwards to form an inclination angle, the central axis of each roof protection hole (2) and the horizontal included angle are 13-17 degrees, and the inclination angle of the roof protection holes (2) on the same surrounding rock surface (5) is the inclination angle of a uniform inclination angle;
Thirdly, drilling blasting holes (4) on the surrounding rock surface (5) according to design requirements after the top protection holes (2) are drilled;
Fourth, filling the top protection hole (2), firstly taking out the reinforcing steel bar (8), screwing the external thread (6) at the lower end of the reinforcing steel bar (8) into the threaded hole on the round end gasket (10), slightly kneading the packaging bag filled with the filling material (9), enabling the expanding agent and the sticky agent which are independently packaged in the packaging bag A (14) to be fused with the polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the packaging bag A (14), enabling the catalyst which are independently packaged in the packaging bag B (18) to be fused with the synthetic curing agent in the packaging bag B (18), then kneading and unsealing the dividing strip (16) on the packaging bag to enable the expanding agent, the sticky agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the packaging bag A (14) to be fused with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the round end gasket (18) and generate chemical reaction, stacking the packaging bag filled with the filling material (9) into a thin strip shape, enabling the length of the packaging bag A to be 20 CM-40 CM, binding a plurality of packaging bags to be bound to the outer edge surface of the packaging bag A (8), binding the catalyst which is independently packaged in the packaging bag B (18) with the synthetic curing agent in the packaging bag B (18), enabling the expanding agent, the sticky agent polymeric fiber resin and the sticky agent to be fused with the synthetic curing agent in the round end gasket (18) to be completely contacted with the round end part (7) of the reinforcing steel bar (7) to be completely screwed into the round end part (7) of the reinforcing steel bar (7) and the round end part (7) and the reinforcing steel bar (7) to be completely screwed into the round end part (7) and completely contacted with the round end part (7), after the filling material (9) is completely reacted, the filling material (9) breaks through the anti-seepage bag (15) and the outer bag (17) until the anti-seepage bag and the outer bag are completely bonded with the hole wall of the top protection hole (2), and then the filling of one top protection hole (2) is completed;
Fifthly, after filling all the top protection holes (2), manufacturing an detonating cord (11), an explosive (12) and a detonator (13) into an initiating explosive, then slightly pushing the initiating explosive into a blasting hole (4) by using a long wooden stick, after filling the initiating explosive, lightly kneading a sealing bag filled with a filling material (9), enabling an expanding agent and a sticky agent which are independently packaged in an A material bag (14) on the sealing bag to be fused with a polymeric fiber resin and an antioxidant in the A material bag (14), enabling a catalyst which is independently packaged in a B material bag (18) on the sealing bag to be fused with a synthetic curing agent in the B material bag (18), then kneading a dividing strip (16) on the unsealing bag to enable the expanding agent, the sticky agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the A material bag (14) to be fused with the catalyst and generate chemical reaction, kneading the shape of the sealing bag into a cylinder, then enabling the sealing long wooden stick to be plugged into an orifice of the blasting hole (4) and the end of the explosive to be detonated, enabling the filling material (9) to be in contact with the end of the explosive bag, and completely sealing bag to be in the sealing bag until the filling material (9) is completely bonded with the anti-seepage material (9) along with the filling material (9), and then completely sealing the filling material (9) and the filling hole (9) are completely sealed until the filling material (9) is completely filled up along the hole (9) and the hole after the filling hole is completely filled, and the hole is completely filled with the filling material (9;
sixthly, after filling all the blasting holes (4), the operator exits the operation area and reaches the detonation area, and detonates after waiting for 20-40 minutes;
Step seven, after the detonation is completed, carrying out forced mechanical ventilation for 45-min min on the operation area, carrying a gas detector by operators to reach the operation area after the ventilation is completed, and entering the operation area under the condition that the air reaches the standard, firstly cleaning and flattening a space capable of installing stand columns on the left side and the right side of the operation area, installing the stand columns on the two sides, then installing arch-shaped jacking columns on the upper ends of the two stand columns, and carrying out arch-shaped jacking to respectively connect and support the outer ends of the filling materials (9) in each roof protection hole (2) so as to complete primary blasting support;
And eighth, repeating the steps to carry out subsequent blasting support, then respectively connecting the upright posts and the arched jacking posts in the two adjacent blasting supports into a whole by using a pull rod, setting a supporting iron pipe or a rail in a space at the horizontal included angle between the outer edge surface of the filling material (9) in the top protection hole (2) in each blasting support, and then cleaning slag stones generated by blasting.
2. The method for stabilizing and supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and thirdly, drilling a cut hole (3) in the middle of the surrounding rock surface (5) when drilling the blasting hole (4) on the surrounding rock surface (5).
3. The method for stabilizing and supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the depth of the top protection hole (2) is larger than that of the blasting hole (4).
4. The method for stabilizing and supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the depth of the blasting holes (4) is 2.4 m-2.6 m.
5. The method for stabilizing and supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the filling material (9) comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
50% -60% of polymerized fiber resin;
2% -6% of antioxidant;
5% -15% of a catalyst;
6% -9% of an expanding agent;
5% -17% of a thickening agent;
10 to 15 percent of synthetic curing agent.
6. The method for stabilizing and supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the synthetic curing agent is a high-molecular synthetic curing agent, the high-molecular synthetic curing agent is a combination of hydrophilic white carbon black and fluoroplastic, the antioxidant is an A0-60 antioxidant, and the thickening agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
7. The method for stabilizing and supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag (15), partition strips (16) and an outer packaging bag (17), wherein the anti-seepage bag (15) is arranged on the inner side of the outer packaging bag (17), the partition strips (16) are arranged on the middle lower portion of the outer packaging bag (17), the upper end and the lower end of the outer packaging bag (17) are distributed to form an A material bag (14) and a B material bag (18) which are provided with independent spaces, polymeric fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent and a sticky agent are respectively arranged in the A material bag (14), the expanding agent and the sticky agent are respectively and independently packaged in the A material bag (14), and a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent are respectively arranged in the B material bag (18), and the catalyst is respectively and independently packaged in the B material bag (18).
8. The method for stabilizing and supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the replacement structure of the packaging bag is that the packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag (15) and an outer packaging bag (17), the anti-seepage bag (15) is arranged in the outer packaging bag (17), and the anti-seepage bag (15) is respectively provided with independently packaged polymer fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent, a sticky agent, a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent.
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