CN114457346B - Method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil through hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method - Google Patents
Method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil through hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114457346B CN114457346B CN202210245989.7A CN202210245989A CN114457346B CN 114457346 B CN114457346 B CN 114457346B CN 202210245989 A CN202210245989 A CN 202210245989A CN 114457346 B CN114457346 B CN 114457346B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- IGUHATROZYFXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [W].[Ir] Chemical group [W].[Ir] IGUHATROZYFXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 Fe (III) ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052655 plagioclase feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/33—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and relates to a method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil by a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, which comprises the following steps: heating lunar soil to a reduction temperature under a vacuum condition; introducing hydrogen into the mixture and preserving the heat for a period of time to obtain metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain water; putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into a closed electrolytic tank, and heating to an electrolysis temperature to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag; electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite, obtaining aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode and obtaining oxygen at an anode. The method extracts iron in lunar soil in advance through hydrogen reduction, avoids the mutual conversion of Fe (II) and Fe (III) ions between a cathode and an anode in the electrolysis process, and has higher current efficiency; and oxygen in anorthite which is a main phase of lunar soil is extracted through an electrolysis method, so that the yield of the oxygen is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil through a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy.
Background
The development of moon resources and the construction of moon bases are leading-edge subjects of crossing of multidisciplinary fields, and have important scientific significance. The distance between the earth and the moon is about 38 ten thousand kilometers, and the transportation cost is high, so that the metal materials and oxygen required by long-term and permanent lunar activities cannot depend on the replenishment and transportation of the earth, and the self-sufficiency of the lunar base metal materials and oxygen can be realized by utilizing the composite oxide contained in lunar soil in situ only according to the environmental conditions of the lunar surface.
Mineral analysis of lunar soil samples shows that lunar soil located in high lands is mainly clarion, wherein anorthite CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 The mass fraction of the catalyst is more than 90 percent, and the rest is pyroxene (Mg, ca, fe) SiO 3 And olivine (Mg, fe) 2 SiO 4 . Lunar soil located in the lunar sea is mainly basalt, and contains plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine and ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) And the like. Representative U.S. "Apollo No. 14" lunar soil of lunar origin has 48.1% SiO as the main chemical composition 2 、1.7％TiO 2 、17.4％Al 2 O 3 10.4% FeO, 9.4% MgO, 10.7% CaO, etc. If the oxygen element can be separated from the composite oxide ore contained in the lunar soil, continuous oxygen can be provided for the construction of the lunar base and the residence of the human being.
Lunar soil in situ utilization the raw materials used in the study of the production of oxygen are generally lunar soil simulation samples comprising anorthite, ilmenite. Studies have shown that an average of 1 ton lunar soil can provide 369dm 3 The highest mass fraction of hydrogen in the lunar surface soil with the depth of 0.1 μm is 0.3%, and solid water ice possibly exists at the two poles of the moon (hydrogen can be generated by electrolysis), so that the hydrogen reduction method has application prospect. The hydrogen reduction method is not enough to reduce ilmenite contained in the lunar soil to obtain iron, titanium dioxide and water, and cannot extract oxygen elements in anorthite which is a main phase of the lunar soil. That is, the mass of oxygen extracted by hydrogen reduction4.85% of the lunar soil mass, which is far lower than the total mass fraction of oxygen in the lunar soil (more than 40%).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil by a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, which can fully utilize various composite oxides contained in the lunar soil to prepare oxygen, has higher yield of oxygen and can obtain metallic iron and aluminum-silicon alloy.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
a method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil through a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, the flow is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, putting lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to a reduction temperature under a vacuum condition.
And S2, introducing hydrogen into the reactor and preserving heat for a period of time to obtain metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite. While another product water can be obtained by condensation.
S3, placing the lunar soil which is separated from the metal iron and is rich in anorthite into a closed electrolytic tank, and separating the metal iron and the lunar soil which is rich in anorthite by utilizing the density difference of the metal iron and the anorthite and adopting methods of sedimentation separation, centrifugal separation and the like.
And heating to the electrolysis temperature to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag.
S4, inserting an inert electrode into the slag, controlling the current of an electrolytic cell, and electrolyzing the lunar soil rich in anorthite to obtain oxygen.
In step S1, the reduction temperature is 900-1250 ℃.
In the step S2, the hydrogen gas is introduced at a rate of 150-250 mL/min, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h.
In step S2, the water obtained by condensation is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen can be recycled in step S2.
In step S3, the electrolysis temperature is 1550-1650 ℃.
In the step S4, the current density of the electrolytic tank is 0.6-1.0A/cm 2 The sum ofThe electrolysis time is 2-6 h.
In step S4, during the electrolysis, an aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained at the cathode and oxygen is obtained at the anode.
In the electrolysis process of step S4, preferably, graphite is used as the cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy is used as the anode.
The invention provides a method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil through a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, which relates to the following chemical reactions:
FeTiO 3 (s)+H 2 (g)＝Fe(s)+TiO 2 (s)+H 2 o (g) (hydrogen reduction)
H 2 O(l)＝H 2 (g)+1/2O 2 (g) (electrolyzed water)
2CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ＝2CaO+4Al-Si+7O 2 (slag electrolysis)
Firstly, reducing ilmenite contained in lunar soil by adopting hydrogen to obtain metallic iron and water, and electrolyzing the water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen; and then electrochemical reduction is carried out on anorthite in lunar soil by adopting an electrolytic method to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy and oxygen. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method adopts a hydrogen reduction and electrolysis combined method, does not need ore dressing treatment on the lunar soil, not only can reduce ilmenite contained in the lunar soil to prepare oxygen, but also can extract oxygen in anorthite which is a main phase of the lunar soil, thereby improving the yield of the oxygen.
2. The method can extract metallic iron in lunar soil by utilizing a hydrogen reduction method, the slag in the subsequent electrolysis process does not contain iron, the interconversion of Fe (II) and Fe (III) ions between a cathode and an anode in the slag electrolysis process can be avoided, the current efficiency is improved, and aluminum-silicon alloy without impurity iron is obtained in the cathode electrolysis; in addition, iridium-tungsten alloy can be adopted as anode material in the electrolytic process, so that the anode material has strong oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance and relatively low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart for preparing oxygen by hydrogen reduction-electrolysis using lunar soil.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better explained by the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings. In the embodiment of the invention, the chemical components of the lunar soil simulation sample are 43.56-51.68% of SiO by mass percent 2 ，13.64％～24.52％Al 2 O 3 ，5.14％～15.63％FeO，10.2％～16.31％CaO，3.3％～8.15％MgO，0.86％～8.27％TiO 2 ，0.12％～0.53％K 2 O, the balance of impurities. Wherein FeO and TiO 2 Mainly in the form of ilmenite.
Example 1
The flow of the method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil through hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method is shown in fig. 1, and the specific steps are as follows: the lunar soil chemical composition used in this example was 43.56% SiO by mass 2 ，24.52％Al 2 O 3 ，8.36％FeO，12.74％CaO，4.13％MgO，6.46％TiO 2 ，0.22％K 2 O, the balance of impurities.
S1, placing 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 900 ℃ under vacuum;
s2, introducing hydrogen into the reactor, wherein the introducing rate of the hydrogen is 150mL/min, and preserving heat for 6 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; and electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into an electrolytic tank which takes graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and heating to 1550 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, controlling the constant current density of the electrolytic tank to be 0.7A/cm 2 The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic tank and slag is 14.2cm 2 Electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 3 hr to obtain Al-Si alloy at the cathode, collecting anode gas at the anode, liquefying and purifying to obtain oxygen with high purity.
Steps S2 and S4 gave a total oxygen content of 15.35g and an oxygen yield of 69.12%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 75.6%.
Comparative example 2
After the lunar soil was directly melted, electrolysis was performed using the electrolytic cell and the electrolysis parameters of example 1.
The total amount of oxygen obtained was 12.53g, and the oxygen yield was 56.42%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 56.6%. It can be seen that the presence of elemental iron in the lunar soil slag can greatly affect the efficiency of electrolysis.
Example 3
S1, placing 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1250 ℃ under vacuum; wherein the lunar soil comprises 46.95% of SiO by mass percent 2 ，22.47％Al 2 O 3 ，5.14％FeO，11.38％CaO，5.34％MgO，8.27％TiO 2 ，0.43％K 2 O, the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the rate of 250mL/min into the reactor, preserving heat for 2 hours to obtain metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, condensing to obtain water as another product, and preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing the water;
s3, putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into an electrolytic tank, and heating to 1650 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, graphite is used as a cathode, iridium-tungsten alloy is used as an anode, and the constant current density of the electrolytic tank is controlled to be 1.0A/cm 2 The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic tank and slag is 14.2cm 2 Electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 2.5h to obtain Al-Si alloy at the cathode, collecting anode gas at the anode, liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
Steps S2 and S4 gave a total oxygen content of 15.58g and an oxygen yield of 68.54%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 82.9%.
Example 4
S1, placing 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 950 ℃ under vacuum; wherein the lunar soil comprises 49.25% of SiO by mass percent 2 ，18.61％Al 2 O 3 ，12.83％FeO，10.2％CaO，7.87％MgO，0.86％TiO 2 ，0.37％K 2 O, the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the rate of 200mL/min into the reactor, preserving heat for 3 hours to obtain metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, condensing to obtain water of another product, and preparing hydrogen and oxygen from the water obtained by condensation through electrolysis;
s3, putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into an electrolytic tank, and heating to 1600 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, graphite is used as a cathode, iridium-tungsten alloy is used as an anode, and the constant current density of the electrolytic tank is controlled to be 0.8A/cm 2 The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic tank and slag is 14.2cm 2 Electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 5 hr to obtain Al-Si alloy at the cathode, collecting anode gas at the anode, liquefying and purifying to obtain oxygen with high purity.
Steps S2 and S4 gave a total oxygen content of 15.72g and an oxygen yield of 70.98%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 78.8%.
Example 5
S1, placing 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1050 ℃ under vacuum; wherein the lunar soil comprises 48.26% of SiO by mass percent 2 ，14.97％Al 2 O 3 ，12.49％FeO，13.43％CaO，8.15％MgO，2.57％TiO 2 ，0.12％K 2 O, the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the rate of 180mL/min into the reactor, preserving heat for 3.5 hours to obtain metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, condensing to obtain water of another product, and preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation;
s3, putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into an electrolytic tank, and heating to 1620 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, graphite is used as a cathode, iridium-tungsten alloy is used as an anode, and the constant current density of the electrolytic tank is controlled to be 0.9A/cm 2 The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic tank and slag is 14.2cm 2 Electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 4 hr to obtain Al-Si alloy at the cathodeCollecting anode gas at the anode, and obtaining oxygen with higher purity for standby after liquefying and purifying.
Steps S2 and S4 gave a total oxygen content of 16.15g and an oxygen yield of 72.47%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 80.5%.
Example 6
S1, placing 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1150 ℃ under vacuum; wherein the lunar soil comprises 45.46% of SiO by mass percent 2 ，13.64％Al 2 O 3 ，15.63％FeO，14.91％CaO，5.54％MgO，4.51％TiO 2 ，0.29％K 2 O, the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the rate of 220mL/min into the reactor, preserving heat for 4 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into an electrolytic tank, and heating to 1610 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, graphite is used as a cathode, iridium-tungsten alloy is used as an anode, and the constant current density of the electrolytic tank is controlled to be 0.65A/cm 2 The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic tank and slag is 14.2cm 2 Electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 4.5h to obtain Al-Si alloy at the cathode, collecting anode gas at the anode, liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
Steps S2 and S4 gave a total oxygen content of 14.21g and an oxygen yield of 67.54%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 81.4%.
Example 7
S1, placing 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1000 ℃ under vacuum; wherein the lunar soil comprises 50.08% of SiO by mass 2 ，16.25％Al 2 O 3 ，14.18％FeO，14.82％CaO，3.3％MgO，1.16％TiO 2 ，0.19％K 2 O, the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the rate of 170mL/min into the reactor, preserving the temperature for 2.5 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into an electrolytic tank, and heating to 1570 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, graphite is used as a cathode, iridium-tungsten alloy is used as an anode, and the constant current density of the electrolytic tank is controlled to be 0.75A/cm 2 The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic tank and slag is 14.2cm 2 Electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 2h to obtain Al-Si alloy at the cathode, collecting anode gas at the anode, liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
Steps S2 and S4 gave a total oxygen content of 15.34g and an oxygen yield of 70.5%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 79.6%.
Example 8
S1, placing 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1100 ℃ under vacuum; wherein the lunar soil comprises 44.29% of SiO by mass percent 2 ，20.64％Al 2 O 3 ，7.96％FeO，16.31％CaO，6.65％MgO，3.72％TiO 2 ，0.42％K 2 O, the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the rate of 210mL/min into the reactor, preserving the temperature for 4.5 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into an electrolytic tank, and heating to 1630 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, graphite is used as a cathode, iridium-tungsten alloy is used as an anode, and the constant current density of the electrolytic tank is controlled to be 0.95A/cm 2 The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic tank and slag is 14.2cm 2 Electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 6h to obtain Al-Si alloy at the cathode, collecting anode gas at the anode, liquefying and purifying to obtain oxygen with high purity for later use.
Steps S2 and S4 gave a total oxygen content of 15.65g and an oxygen yield of 71.24%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 80.9%.
Example 9
S1, placing 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1200 ℃ under vacuum; wherein the lunar soil comprises the chemical components of 51.68% of SiO by mass percent 2 ，15.18％Al 2 O 3 ，10.21％FeO，15.72％CaO，4.73％MgO，1.94％TiO 2 ，0.53％K 2 O, the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the rate of 240mL/min into the reactor, preserving heat for 5 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into an electrolytic tank, and heating to 1590 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, graphite is used as a cathode, iridium-tungsten alloy is used as an anode, and the constant current density of the electrolytic tank is controlled to be 0.6A/cm 2 The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic tank and slag is 14.2cm 2 Electrolyzing lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 5.5h to obtain Al-Si alloy at the cathode, collecting anode gas at the anode, liquefying and purifying to obtain oxygen with higher purity for later use.
Steps S2 and S4 gave a total oxygen content of 15.86g with an oxygen yield of 69.41%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 82.3%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make modifications or alterations to the above disclosed technical content to equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil by a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, putting lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to a reduction temperature under a vacuum condition;
s2, introducing hydrogen into the reactor and preserving heat for a period of time to obtain metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite;
s3, placing the lunar soil which is separated from the metallic iron and is rich in anorthite into a closed electrolytic tank, and heating to an electrolysis temperature which is 1550-1650 ℃ to enable the lunar soil to be melted into liquid slag;
s4, inserting an electrode into the slag for electrolysis to obtain oxygen.
2. The method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein the reduction temperature is 900 to 1250 ℃ in the step S1.
3. The method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the hydrogen gas is introduced at a rate of 150 to 250mL/min, and the time for heat preservation is 2 to 6 hours.
4. The method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, another product water is obtained by condensing, and the condensed water is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen and oxygen.
5. The method for producing oxygen by lunar soil according to claim 4, wherein the produced hydrogen is recycled to the step S2.
6. The method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the current density of the electrolytic cell is 0.6-1.0A/cm during the electrolysis 2 The electrolysis time is 2-6 hours.
7. The method for preparing oxygen from lunar soil by hydrogen reduction-electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained at the cathode and oxygen is obtained at the anode during the electrolysis.
8. The method for preparing oxygen by lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein the cathode used for the electrolysis in the step S4 is graphite and the anode is iridium-tungsten alloy.
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| CN108330374A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-07-27 | 东北大学 | The method that calciothermic reduction-fused salt electrolysis process extracts Alsical from anorthite |
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| CN103643259A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-19 | 东北大学 | Method for extracting metal and preparing oxygen from lunar soil/lunar rock mixed oxides |
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