CN114457346A - Method for preparing oxygen from lunar soil by hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method - Google Patents
Method for preparing oxygen from lunar soil by hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114457346A CN114457346A CN202210245989.7A CN202210245989A CN114457346A CN 114457346 A CN114457346 A CN 114457346A CN 202210245989 A CN202210245989 A CN 202210245989A CN 114457346 A CN114457346 A CN 114457346A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- IGUHATROZYFXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [W].[Ir] Chemical compound [W].[Ir] IGUHATROZYFXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 Fe (III) ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910005451 FeTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020489 SiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009411 base construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052655 plagioclase feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/33—Silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and relates to a method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil through a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, which comprises the following steps: heating the lunar soil to a reduction temperature under a vacuum condition; introducing hydrogen into the lunar soil, keeping the temperature for a period of time to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain water; putting the lunar soil rich in anorthite separated from the metallic iron into a closed electrolytic cell, and heating to the electrolytic temperature to melt the lunar soil into liquid slag; electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode and oxygen at an anode. According to the method, iron in the lunar soil is extracted in advance through hydrogen reduction, mutual conversion of Fe (II) and Fe (III) ions between a cathode and an anode in an electrolysis process is avoided, and the current efficiency is high; and the oxygen in the main phase anorthite of the lunar soil is extracted by an electrolytic method, so that the yield of the oxygen is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil by a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy.
Background
The development of moon resources and the construction of a moon base are front-end subjects crossed in multiple subject fields, and have important scientific significance. The distance between the earth and the moon is about 38 ten thousand kilometers, and the transportation cost is high, so that the metal materials and oxygen required by long-term and permanent lunar activities cannot depend on the supply and the transportation of the earth, and the metal materials and the oxygen in the lunar soil can be utilized in situ only according to the environmental conditions of the lunar surface, so that the self-sufficiency of the metal materials and the oxygen in the lunar base is realized.
Mineral analysis of the lunar soil sample shows that lunar soil located in high lands is mainly anorthite, wherein anorthite CaAl2Si2O8The mass fraction of the component (A) is more than 90 percent, and the rest is pyroxene (Mg, Ca, Fe) SiO3And olivine (Mg, Fe)2SiO4. The lunar soil in the lunar sea is mainly basalt containing plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine and ilmenite (FeTiO)3) And the like. The representative American' Apollo 14 # crescent moon lunar soil has the main chemical component of 48.1 percent SiO2、1.7％TiO2、17.4％Al2O310.4% FeO, 9.4% MgO, 10.7% CaO, etc. If the oxygen element can be separated from the composite oxide ore contained in the lunar soil, continuous oxygen can be provided for lunar base construction and human residence moon.
The raw materials used for the research of preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil in situ are generally lunar soil simulation samples containing anorthite and ilmenite. Research shows that the average 1 ton of lunar soil can provide 369dm3Hydrogen gas (2) having the highest mass fraction of hydrogen gas in lunar surface soil having a depth of 0.1 μmThe height is 0.3 percent, and solid water ice (capable of generating hydrogen by electrolysis) possibly exists at the two poles of the moon, so that the hydrogen reduction method has application prospect. The deficiency is that the hydrogen reduction method can only reduce ilmenite contained in the lunar soil to obtain iron, titanium dioxide and water, and cannot extract oxygen element in anorthite which is a main phase of the lunar soil. That is, the mass of the oxygen extracted by the hydrogen reduction method accounts for 4.85% of the mass of the lunar soil and is far lower than the total mass fraction (more than 40%) of the oxygen in the lunar soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing oxygen by using lunar soil through a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, which can fully utilize a plurality of composite oxides contained in the lunar soil to prepare the oxygen, has high oxygen yield and can obtain metal iron and aluminum-silicon alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil by a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method is shown in a flow chart of figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to a reduction temperature under a vacuum condition.
And S2, introducing hydrogen into the reactor and preserving heat for a period of time to prepare the metallic iron and the lunar soil rich in anorthite. While another product water can be obtained by condensation.
S3, placing the lunar soil rich in anorthite separated from the metallic iron into a closed electrolytic cell, separating the metallic iron and the lunar soil rich in anorthite by using the density difference of the metallic iron and the lunar soil rich in anorthite, and adopting methods such as sedimentation separation, centrifugal separation and the like.
And heating to the electrolysis temperature to melt the lunar soil into liquid slag.
S4, inserting an inert electrode into the slag, controlling the current of the electrolytic cell, and electrolyzing the lunar soil rich in anorthite to obtain oxygen.
In step S1, the reduction temperature is 900-1250 ℃.
In step S2, the introduction rate of the hydrogen is 150-250 mL/min, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h.
In step S2, the water obtained by the condensation is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen can be recycled for use in step S2.
In step S3, the electrolysis temperature is 1550-1650 ℃.
In step S4, the current density of the electrolytic cell is 0.6 to 1.0A/cm2And the electrolysis time is 2-6 h.
In step S4, during the electrolysis, an aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained at the cathode and oxygen is obtained at the anode.
In the electrolysis process of step S4, the cathode is preferably made of graphite, and the anode is made of iridium-tungsten alloy.
The invention provides a method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil by a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method, which comprises the following chemical reactions:
FeTiO3(s)+H2(g)＝Fe(s)+TiO2(s)+H2o (g) (hydrogen reduction)
H2O(l)＝H2(g)+1/2O2(g) (electrolyzed water)
2CaAl2Si2O8＝2CaO+4Al-Si+7O2(slag electrolysis)
The method comprises the steps of firstly, adopting hydrogen to reduce ilmenite contained in lunar soil to obtain metallic iron and water, and electrolyzing the water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen; and then carrying out electrochemical reduction on anorthite in the lunar soil by adopting an electrolysis method to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy and oxygen. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method adopts a method combining hydrogen reduction and electrolysis, does not need to carry out ore dressing treatment on the lunar soil, can reduce ilmenite contained in the lunar soil to prepare oxygen, and can extract oxygen in anorthite which is a main phase of the lunar soil, thereby improving the yield of the oxygen.
2. The method can extract the metallic iron in the lunar soil by using a hydrogen reduction method, the slag in the subsequent electrolysis process does not contain iron, the mutual conversion of Fe (II) and Fe (III) ions between a cathode and an anode in the slag electrolysis process can be avoided, the current efficiency is improved, and the aluminum-silicon alloy without impurity iron is obtained by cathode electrolysis; in addition, the anode material for the electrolytic process can adopt iridium-tungsten alloy, has strong oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, and has relatively low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis process for preparing oxygen by using lunar soil.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiment of the invention, the chemical components of the lunar soil simulation sample are 43.56-51.68% SiO by mass2，13.64％～24.52％Al2O3，5.14％～15.63％FeO，10.2％～16.31％CaO，3.3％～8.15％MgO，0.86％～8.27％TiO2，0.12％～0.53％K2O and the balance of impurities. In which FeO and TiO2Mainly in the form of ilmenite.
Example 1
The flow of the method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil by using a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method is shown in figure 1, and the specific steps are as follows: the chemical components of lunar soil used in the embodiment are 43.56% SiO by mass2，24.52％Al2O3，8.36％FeO，12.74％CaO，4.13％MgO，6.46％TiO2，0.22％K2O and the balance of impurities.
S1, putting 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 900 ℃ under a vacuum condition;
s2, introducing hydrogen into the reactor at a speed of 150mL/min, preserving heat for 6 hours to obtain metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, placing the lunar soil rich in anorthite separated from the metallic iron into an electrolytic cell with graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and heating to 1550 ℃ to melt the lunar soil into liquid slag;
s4, controlling the constant current density of the electrolytic cell to be 0.7A/cm2The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic cell and the slag is 14.2cm2Electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 3h to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode, collecting anode gas at an anode, and liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen.
The total amount of oxygen obtained in steps S2 and S4 was 15.35g, and the oxygen yield was 69.12%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 75.6%.
Comparative example 2
After the lunar soil was directly melted, electrolysis was performed using the electrolytic cell and electrolysis parameters of example 1.
The total amount of the obtained oxygen is 12.53g, and the oxygen yield is 56.42%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 56.6%. Therefore, the existence of iron element in the lunar soil slag can greatly influence the electrolysis efficiency.
Example 3
S1, putting 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1250 ℃ under a vacuum condition; wherein the lunar soil chemical component is 46.95% SiO by mass fraction2，22.47％Al2O3，5.14％FeO，11.38％CaO，5.34％MgO，8.27％TiO2，0.43％K2O and the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen at a rate of 250mL/min into the reactor, preserving heat for 2h to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, condensing to obtain another product water, and electrolyzing the water to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, placing the lunar soil rich in anorthite after being separated from the metallic iron into an electrolytic cell, heating to 1650 ℃, and melting the lunar soil into liquid slag;
s4, taking graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and controlling the constant current density of the electrolytic cell to be 1.0A/cm2The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic cell and the slag is 14.2cm2Electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 2.5h to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode, collecting anode gas at an anode, and liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
The total amount of oxygen obtained in steps S2 and S4 was 15.58g, and the oxygen yield was 68.54%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 82.9%.
Example 4
S1, putting 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 950 ℃ under a vacuum condition; wherein the chemical components of the lunar soil are 49.25 percent of SiO in percentage by mass2，18.61％Al2O3，12.83％FeO，10.2％CaO，7.87％MgO，0.86％TiO2，0.37％K2O and the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the speed of 200mL/min into the reactor, preserving the heat for 3 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, condensing to obtain another product water, and electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil rich in anorthite separated from the metallic iron into an electrolytic cell, heating to 1600 ℃, and melting the lunar soil into liquid slag;
s4, taking graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and controlling the constant current density of the electrolytic cell to be 0.8A/cm2The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic cell and the slag is 14.2cm2Electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 5h to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode, collecting anode gas at an anode, and liquefying and purifying to obtain oxygen with higher purity.
The total amount of oxygen obtained in steps S2 and S4 was 15.72g, and the oxygen yield was 70.98%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 78.8%.
Example 5
S1, putting 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1050 ℃ under a vacuum condition; wherein the chemical components of the lunar soil are 48.26 percent of SiO in percentage by mass2，14.97％Al2O3，12.49％FeO，13.43％CaO，8.15％MgO，2.57％TiO2，0.12％K2O and the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the speed of 180mL/min into the reactor, preserving the heat for 3.5 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, condensing to obtain another product water, and electrolyzing the water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, placing the lunar soil rich in anorthite after being separated from the metallic iron into an electrolytic cell, heating to 1620 ℃, and melting the lunar soil into liquid slag;
s4, taking graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and controlling the constant current density of the electrolytic cell to be 0.9A/cm2The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic cell and the slag is 14.2cm2Electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 4 hours to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode, collecting anode gas at an anode, and liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
The total amount of oxygen obtained in steps S2 and S4 was 16.15g, and the oxygen yield was 72.47%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 80.5%.
Example 6
S1, putting 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1150 ℃ under a vacuum condition; wherein the lunar soil chemical component is 45.46% SiO by mass fraction2，13.64％Al2O3，15.63％FeO，14.91％CaO，5.54％MgO，4.51％TiO2，0.29％K2O and the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the speed of 220mL/min into the reactor, preserving the heat for 4 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil rich in anorthite after being separated from the metallic iron into an electrolytic cell, heating to 1610 ℃, and melting the lunar soil into liquid slag;
s4, taking graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and controlling the constant current density of the electrolytic cell to be 0.65A/cm2The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic cell and the slag is 14.2cm2Electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 4.5h to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode, collecting anode gas at an anode, and liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
The total amount of oxygen obtained in steps S2 and S4 was 14.21g, and the oxygen yield was 67.54%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 81.4%.
Example 7
S1, putting 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating under the vacuum conditionTo 1000 ℃; wherein the chemical components of the lunar soil are 50.08 percent of SiO in percentage by mass2，16.25％Al2O3，14.18％FeO，14.82％CaO，3.3％MgO，1.16％TiO2，0.19％K2O and the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the speed of 170mL/min into the reactor, preserving the heat for 2.5 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil rich in anorthite after being separated from the metallic iron into an electrolytic cell, heating to 1570 ℃, and melting the lunar soil into liquid slag;
s4, taking graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and controlling the constant current density of the electrolytic cell to be 0.75A/cm2The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic cell and the slag is 14.2cm2Electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 2h to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode, collecting anode gas at an anode, and liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
The total amount of oxygen obtained in steps S2 and S4 was 15.34g, and the oxygen yield was 70.5%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 79.6%.
Example 8
S1, putting 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1100 ℃ under a vacuum condition; wherein the lunar soil chemical component is 44.29% SiO by mass fraction2，20.64％Al2O3，7.96％FeO，16.31％CaO，6.65％MgO，3.72％TiO2，0.42％K2O and the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen with the speed of 210mL/min into the reactor, preserving the heat for 4.5 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, putting the lunar soil rich in anorthite after being separated from the metallic iron into an electrolytic cell, heating to 1630 ℃, and melting the lunar soil into liquid slag;
s4, taking graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and controllingThe constant current density of the electrolytic cell is 0.95A/cm2The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic cell and the slag is 14.2cm2Electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 6 hours to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode, collecting anode gas at an anode, and liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
The total amount of oxygen obtained in steps S2 and S4 was 15.65g, and the oxygen yield was 71.24%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 80.9%.
Example 9
S1, putting 50g of lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to 1200 ℃ under a vacuum condition; wherein the chemical components of the lunar soil are 51.68 percent of SiO in percentage by mass2，15.18％Al2O3，10.21％FeO，15.72％CaO，4.73％MgO，1.94％TiO2，0.53％K2O and the balance of impurities.
S2, introducing hydrogen at the speed of 240mL/min into the reactor, preserving the heat for 5 hours to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite, and condensing to obtain another product water; electrolyzing water obtained by condensation to prepare hydrogen and oxygen;
s3, placing the lunar soil rich in anorthite after being separated from the metallic iron into an electrolytic cell, heating to 1590 ℃ to melt the lunar soil into liquid slag;
s4, taking graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode, and controlling the constant current density of the electrolytic cell to be 0.6A/cm2The contact surface area of the anode of the electrolytic cell and the slag is 14.2cm2Electrolyzing the lunar soil slag rich in anorthite for 5.5h to obtain aluminum-silicon alloy at a cathode, collecting anode gas at an anode, and liquefying and purifying to obtain high-purity oxygen for later use.
The total amount of oxygen obtained in steps S2 and S4 was 15.86g, and the oxygen yield was 69.41%; the current efficiency of the electrolysis process of step S4 was 82.3%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art can change or modify the technical content disclosed above into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing oxygen by utilizing lunar soil by a hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, putting the lunar soil into a closed reactor, and heating to a reduction temperature under a vacuum condition;
s2, introducing hydrogen into the reactor and preserving heat for a period of time to prepare metallic iron and lunar soil rich in anorthite;
s3, placing the lunar soil rich in anorthite after being separated from the metallic iron into a closed electrolytic cell, and heating to the electrolytic temperature to melt the lunar soil into liquid slag;
and S4, inserting an electrode into the slag to perform electrolysis to obtain oxygen.
2. The hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method for preparing oxygen from lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein the reduction temperature is 900 to 1250 ℃ in step S1.
3. The method for preparing oxygen from lunar soil by hydrogen reduction-electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the introduction rate of hydrogen is 150-250 mL/min, and the time for heat preservation is 2-6 h.
4. The hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method for preparing oxygen using lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, another product water is obtained by condensation, and the condensed water is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.
5. The hydrogen reduction-electrolysis process for producing oxygen using lunar soil according to claim 4, wherein the produced hydrogen is recycled to be used in step S2.
6. The hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method for preparing oxygen from lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis temperature is 1550 to 1650 ℃ in step S3.
7. The hydrogen reduction-electrolysis process for producing oxygen from lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the current density of the electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process is 0.6-1.0A/cm2And the electrolysis time is 2-6 h.
8. The hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method for producing oxygen using lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein during the electrolysis, aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained at the cathode and oxygen is obtained at the anode in step S4.
9. The hydrogen reduction-electrolysis method for preparing oxygen from lunar soil according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis of step S4 uses graphite as a cathode and iridium-tungsten alloy as an anode.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4948477A (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1990-08-14 | Carbotek, Inc. | Integrated lunar materials manufacturing process |
| CN101956203A (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2011-01-26 | 北京科技大学 | New method for preparing oxygen in situ by using lunar surface soil |
| CN103643259A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-19 | 东北大学 | Method for extracting metal and preparing oxygen from lunar soil/lunar rock mixed oxides |
| CN108330374A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-07-27 | 东北大学 | The method that calciothermic reduction-fused salt electrolysis process extracts Alsical from anorthite |
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| US4948477A (en) * | 1987-11-06 | 1990-08-14 | Carbotek, Inc. | Integrated lunar materials manufacturing process |
| CN101956203A (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2011-01-26 | 北京科技大学 | New method for preparing oxygen in situ by using lunar surface soil |
| CN103643259A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-19 | 东北大学 | Method for extracting metal and preparing oxygen from lunar soil/lunar rock mixed oxides |
| CN108330374A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-07-27 | 东北大学 | The method that calciothermic reduction-fused salt electrolysis process extracts Alsical from anorthite |
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