CN114456931A - Cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis - Google Patents

Cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis Download PDF

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CN114456931A
CN114456931A CN202210049437.9A CN202210049437A CN114456931A CN 114456931 A CN114456931 A CN 114456931A CN 202210049437 A CN202210049437 A CN 202210049437A CN 114456931 A CN114456931 A CN 114456931A
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excitation electrode
electrode
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吴玉潘
张哲欣
张展
邓玥超
鲁其怀
王少熙
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
Shenzhen Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis, which comprises: the device comprises a base, a cover plate, a first excitation electrode, a second excitation electrode and a suspension electrode, wherein the cover plate is arranged on the base, and a channel penetrating through the cover plate is formed in the cover plate along a preset direction; the first excitation electrode, the second excitation electrode and the suspension electrode are all arranged on the substrate, part of the first excitation electrode and part of the second excitation electrode are located under the channel, at least part of the suspension electrode is located under the channel, the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode are symmetrically arranged along the channel, and the suspension electrode is located between the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode. According to the cell three-dimensional rotating micro-fluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis, alternating current electric fields are applied to the two excitation electrodes to drive ions on a double electric layer of the suspension electrode to slide to generate vortices, and the vortices with proper size and flow rate are generated by changing parameters of the applied electric fields to drive cells to realize three-dimensional rotation.

Description

Cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cell analysis, and relates to a cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis.
Background
The precise rotational manipulation of particles, cells and multicellular organisms is an essential capability of biotechnology, affecting a variety of disciplines, including single cell analysis, drug discovery, and biological research. The rotation operation can provide three-dimensional (3D) viewing, revealing hidden genetic, cellular, and structural details that are critical in small biological phenotype analysis, drug screening, and microsurgery, but not visible in typical translation operations. Therefore, the realization of three-dimensional rotational manipulation of particles, cells and multicellular organisms has extremely important value in the field of biomedical research.
Micro-fluidic Chip (Micro-fluidic Chip) technology is widely applied to the fields of single cell analysis, medical diagnosis and high-throughput screening, which are equal to the field of biomedicine. Various manipulation techniques for particles, cells and multicellular organisms are established, wherein the manipulation technique based on electric field is the most common and the most easy to integrate, but the three-dimensional rotation operation of the particles and the cells cannot be realized by the existing techniques.
Induced charge electroosmosis, proposed by Bazant and Squire et al, induces charges on the polarizable conductor surface by an excitation electric field, which drives the movement of charges in the double electric layer on the conductor surface to promote the flow of the microfluid. The technology is widely applied to operations such as mixing and centrifuging of microfluid.
Therefore, how to implement three-dimensional rotation operation on cells becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cell three-dimensional rotation chip based on induced charge electroosmosis, the cell three-dimensional rotation chip comprising: a substrate, a cover plate, a first excitation electrode, a second excitation electrode and a suspension electrode, wherein,
the cover plate is arranged on the base, and a channel penetrating through the cover plate is formed in the cover plate along a preset direction;
the first excitation electrode, the second excitation electrode and the floating electrode are all arranged on the substrate, part of the first excitation electrode and part of the second excitation electrode are positioned right below the channel, at least one part of the floating electrode is positioned right below the channel, the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode are symmetrically arranged along the channel, and the floating electrode is positioned between the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode;
and applying an alternating current electric field to the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode to generate two symmetrical, opposite and vertical-to-plane vortexes so as to realize three-dimensional rotation control on the cells in the channel.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode are both parallel to a side of the channel.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cover slip is a PDMS cover slip.
In one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the channel is provided with a channel inlet for injecting the solution containing the cells, and the other end is provided with a channel outlet for discharging the solution containing the cells injected through the channel inlet.
In one embodiment of the invention, both the channel inlet and the channel outlet are provided with a metal connector.
In one embodiment of the invention, the substrate is a glass substrate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first excitation electrode, the second excitation electrode, and the floating electrode are all ITO electrodes.
In one embodiment of the present invention, electrode leads are disposed on the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode.
In one embodiment of the invention, the time-averaged flow rate of electroosmotic slip over the suspended electrode is:
Figure BDA0003473864740000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,<uslip>time-average flow rate, epsilon, for electroosmotic flow slipfEta is the solution dielectric constant, eta is the solution viscosity, zeta is the induced zeta potential,
Figure BDA0003473864740000032
in order to excite the surface potential of the electrode,
Figure BDA0003473864740000033
is an electric double layer outer potential, E is an electric field intensity applied to the excitation electrode, EtIs the tangential component of the electric field, is the complex conjugate, is the complex amplitude, n is the normal vector, δ is the ratio of the diffusion layer capacitance to the Stern layer capacitance, and Re represents the real part.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis, an alternating current electric field is applied to the two excitation electrodes to drive ions on a double electric layer of the suspension electrode to slide to generate vortices, and the vortices with proper size and flow speed are generated by changing parameters of the applied electric field to drive cells to realize three-dimensional rotation.
2. The cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis is simple to process, small in applied voltage and free of additional modification on cells.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell three-dimensional rotation chip based on induced charge electroosmosis according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first excitation electrode, a second excitation electrode and a floating electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional cell rotation principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the results of a three-dimensional rotation experiment of yeast according to an embodiment of the present invention;
icon: 1-a substrate; 2-cover plate; 3-a first excitation electrode; 4-a second excitation electrode; 5-a suspended electrode; 6-channel; 601-channel entrance; 602-channel outlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell three-dimensional rotation chip based on induced charge electroosmosis according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first excitation electrode, a second excitation electrode, and a floating electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the invention provides a cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis, which comprises: a substrate 1, a cover plate 2, a first excitation electrode 3, a second excitation electrode and a 4 suspended electrode 5, wherein,
the cover sheet 2 is arranged on the base 1, and a channel 6 penetrating through the cover sheet 2 is arranged on the cover sheet 2 along a preset direction, wherein the preset direction is, for example, the length direction of the cover sheet 2;
the first excitation electrode 3, the second excitation electrode 4 and the suspension electrode 5 are all arranged on the substrate 1, part of the first excitation electrode 3 and part of the second excitation electrode 4 are positioned under the channel 6, at least one part of the suspension electrode 5 is positioned under the channel 6 (the suspension electrode 5 can be completely positioned under the channel 6, or a part of the suspension electrode 5 can be positioned under the channel 6 so as to be partially positioned under the cover plate 2), moreover, the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4 are symmetrically arranged along the channel 6, and the suspension electrode 5 is positioned between the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4;
the alternating current electric field is applied to the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4 to generate two symmetrical, reverse and vertical vortexes to realize three-dimensional rotation control of cells in the channel, that is, in the embodiment, the electric field is applied to the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4 simultaneously to generate induced electroosmotic flow, so that vortexes can be formed, and thus three-dimensional rotation control of the cells can be realized.
Further, first excitation electrode 3 and second excitation electrode 4 are both parallel to the side of channel 6.
Further, the cover sheet 2 is a PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) cover sheet.
Further, one end of the channel 6 is provided with a channel inlet 601, and the other end is provided with a channel outlet 602, wherein the channel inlet 601 is used for injecting the solution containing the cells, and the channel outlet 602 is used for discharging the solution containing the cells injected through the channel inlet 601.
Further, metal connectors are arranged at the channel inlet 601 and the channel outlet 602, and the metal connectors are used for being connected with a cell solution injection pump.
Further, the substrate is a glass substrate.
Further, the first excitation electrode 3, the second excitation electrode 4, and the floating electrode 5 are ITO electrodes.
Further, electrode leads (not shown) are disposed on the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode, and an electric field is applied to the excitation electrodes through the electrode leads attached to the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4 in this embodiment.
The time-averaged flow rate of electroosmotic slippage on the suspended electrode was:
Figure BDA0003473864740000051
wherein the content of the first and second substances,<uslip>time-average flow rate, epsilon, for electroosmotic flow slipfEta is the solution dielectric constant, eta is the solution viscosity, zeta is the induced zeta potential,
Figure BDA0003473864740000061
in order to excite the surface potential of the electrode,
Figure BDA0003473864740000062
is an electric double layer outer potential, E is an electric field intensity applied to the excitation electrode, EtIs the tangential component of the electric field, is the complex conjugate, is the complex amplitude, n is the normal vector, δ is the ratio of the diffusion layer capacitance to the Stern layer capacitance, and Re represents the real part.
The dimensional data for first excitation electrode 3, second excitation electrode 4, levitation electrode 5, and channel 6 for this example are shown in table 1.
Table 1 chip structure dimensional data
Figure BDA0003473864740000063
Further, please refer to fig. 3 for describing the solution mixing principle of the present embodiment, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the three-dimensional cell rotation principle provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, when an ac voltage is applied to the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4, ions in the solution are driven to the suspension electrode 5 to form an electric double layer, and then the ions in the electric double layer slide under the action of the power plant to form two symmetrically opposite vortices, thereby driving the cells in the solution to rotate three-dimensionally.
It should be noted that the slip velocity can be changed by changing the frequency or amplitude of the electric field applied to the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4, so as to change the flow velocity of the vortex and the size of the vortex, so as to generate the vortex suitable for the size of the cell to realize the three-dimensional rotation of the cell.
In the cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis, an alternating current electric field is applied to two excitation electrodes to drive ions on a suspension electrode double electric layer to slide to generate vortices, and the vortices with proper size and flow speed are generated by changing parameters of the applied electric field to drive cells to realize three-dimensional rotation. In addition, the cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis has the advantages of simple processing, small applied voltage and no need of additional modification on cells.
It should be noted that, in order to implement three-dimensional manipulation of cells, the embodiment of the present invention only needs to apply an ac voltage to the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4 at the same time, and does not need to apply a voltage to the floating electrode 5, because the voltage applied to the floating electrode 5 will generate asymmetric electroosmotic flow.
Example two
This example performs experimental verification on the induced charge electroosmosis-based cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip of the first example. The dimensional data of the first excitation electrode 3, the second excitation electrode 4, the suspension electrode 5 and the channel 6 of the cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis of the embodiment are shown in table 1.
During the three-dimensional rotation experiment of the cells: first, a buffer solution was prepared. Adding a certain amount of deionized water into a beaker to obtain a buffer solution with the conductivity of 8mS/m, and preparing a yeast cell solution with the buffer solution of about 100 per microliter.
And secondly, preparing the absolute ethyl alcohol and the Tween solution according to the volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain the solution A, wherein the solution A mainly has the function of reducing the adhesion of particles on the surface of a channel or a substrate. And respectively preparing the solution A and the prepared yeast cell solution according to the volume ratio of 1:99 to obtain a solution D.
Then, carrying out experimental operation, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: turning on a computer, a signal generator, a microscope and a CCD switch to observe whether the equipment runs normally; and then, opening ImageView image acquisition software on a computer, and observing the scene on the microscope objective table in real time.
Step 2: the cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis provided by the embodiment is fixed on an objective table, the position and the focal distance of the chip are adjusted, a small amount of solution A is dripped into an outlet to wet the whole channel, and particles can be ensured not to be stuck on the channel wall; observation under a microscope ensured complete wetting of the PDMS channels. A 25 microliter microsyringe is then mounted on the syringe pump and a volume of solution D is aspirated, and the syringe tip of the syringe pump aspirating the volume of solution D is inserted into the metal connector at the channel inlet 601 and ensures a good seal.
And step 3: the first excitation electrode 3 and the second excitation electrode 4 are respectively connected with a signal generator through electrode leads, and the signal voltage and frequency parameters on the signal generator and the flow control parameters on the injection pump are well adjusted.
And 4, step 4: the syringe pump is started to allow the solution D to flow into the PDMS channel 6 from the channel inlet 601 at a controlled flow rate, and when the flow of the fluid in the channel is stable, the signal applying button on the signal generator is pressed.
And 5: observing under a microscope, adjusting the focal length and the position of the chip again, and selecting the clearest and stable height of the yeast to detect and record the video.
Step 6: repeating the steps for 3-5, continuously adjusting the voltage, the frequency and the flow rate, observing the experimental phenomenon and recording.
The experiment is carried out on the cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis shown in fig. 1, in the experiment, the amplitude of signal voltage is 10Vpp, the frequency is 1000Hz, the experimental result is shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a diagram of the experimental result of three-dimensional rotating control of the yeast provided by the embodiment of the invention, and fig. 4 is a diagram of the yeast image after the electric fields are applied for 0s, 1.5s, 3s, 4.5s and 6 s. As can be seen from the figure, the yeast performs three-dimensional rotational motion along the direction perpendicular to the plane.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a cell three-dimensional rotating microfluidic chip based on induced charge electroosmosis, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: PDMS channel processing, in this example, the channel depth is 50 μm.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment of the glass substrate: firstly, manually washing by using a cleaning agent, then sequentially placing the washed cloth in acetone and isopropanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 10min, then washing by using ionized water, and drying by using nitrogen; finally, the dried glass substrate is placed in a baking oven and heated for 15min at 80 ℃.
2) Covering the photoresist: in order to obtain a channel with the depth of 50 mu m, a photoresist of a type of DuPont photosensitive dry film ST925 is adopted, and a single layer of photoresist is 25 mu m thick, so that two layers of dry films are adopted for covering.
Firstly, selecting cleaned glass, and dripping a small amount of water drops on the surface of the glass, so that bubbles between the photoresist and the glass can be conveniently removed; after that, the photoresist is covered by a hot laminator. After the completion, prebaking is firstly carried out, namely the glass substrate pasted with the photoresist is placed on a hot plate at the temperature of 60 ℃, and the prebaking time is 30 min.
3) Exposure: the vias MASK are placed on top of the photoresist under a UV lamp, taking care that the side of the MASK with the ink is pressed against the photoresist, which is then pressed with a transparent plate, placed under a UV lamp and exposed.
4) And (3) developing: before development, a postbake, i.e. heating on a hotplate, was required, increasing from 60 ℃ to 95 ℃ and then holding at 95 ℃ for 35 min. The cooled mold was then placed in 1 wt% Na2CO3And developing in a developing solution. And taking out after developing for 10min, cleaning with plasma water, drying by using nitrogen, and then baking in a baking oven at 80 ℃ for 10-20 min.
5) Pouring PDMS: PDMS was mixed with curing agent as 10: 1, stirring for 15-20 min by using a clean glass rod, vacuumizing for 30min to ensure that bubbles in the uniformly stirred mixture completely disappear, and silanizing the channel mold to deposit a layer of silane on the surface of the channel mold, so that PDMS is not adhered to the channel mold, and the PDMS channel is easily separated from the mold. And finally, pouring PDMS on the channel mould after silane treatment, vacuumizing for 20min, placing in a baking oven after ensuring no air bubbles, and heating for 2h at 80 ℃. And curing.
6) PDMS channel treatment: and slowly removing the cured PDMS from the mold, cutting the PDMS into a regular shape by using a blade, and punching by using a puncher to form an inlet and an outlet of the PDMS channel according to the design structure of the microfluidic chip.
Step two: processing of ITO electrodes
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning a glass substrate with a layer of ITO conductive film, wherein the specific steps are consistent with the pretreatment steps of the glass substrate in PDMS channel processing;
2) covering the photoresist: the photoresist is only used for protecting the ITO layer from being corroded; the DuPont photosensitive dry film ST925 is adopted in the experiment, and the specific steps are consistent with the step of covering photoresist in PDMS channel processing;
3) exposure: according to the parameters of the microfluidic chip, exposure was performed under a UV lamp.
4) And (3) developing: placing the exposed ITO on a special 1 wt% concentration Na2CO3And developing for 2-3 min in the developing solution.
5) Etching the ITO conductive film: and (3) placing the exposed and developed ITO into a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass ratio of 60%, adding a certain amount of ferric chloride as a catalyst, and etching for 30 min.
6) Removing the photoresist: and after etching, soaking in a 5% NaOH solution by mass ratio, and removing the cured dry film to obtain a complete ITO electrode structure (an exciting electrode and a suspension electrode in the figure).
Step three: and (5) testing the bonding of the chip.
The side of the glass substrate provided with the ITO electrode and the side of the PDMS cover plate provided with the PDMS channel are upward and are arranged in a cavity of a plasma machine in parallel, and plasma treatment is carried out according to the corresponding steps of the plasma machine; then taking out, aligning under a microscope, and dripping a small amount of water on the ITO electrode to facilitate fine adjustment; after alignment, the plates were pressed vigorously for several minutes and then placed in an oven to heat at 60 ℃ for 40 min.
It should be noted that when fine adjustment is required during alignment, the key is not pressed hard, but is held lightly as much as possible so as not to be moved when the key is bonded together. Bonding is a very critical step, and the quality of bonding directly affects the sealing effect of the channel in the final chip, thereby affecting the reliability and accuracy of the experimental result. Before bonding, care is taken to ensure that holes are punched in the PDMS channel, and once the PDMS channel is bonded, the holes cannot be punched.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic data point described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A cell three-dimensional rotation chip based on induced charge electroosmosis, which is characterized by comprising: a substrate, a cover plate, a first excitation electrode, a second excitation electrode and a suspension electrode, wherein,
the cover plate is arranged on the base, and a channel penetrating through the cover plate is formed in the cover plate along a preset direction;
the first excitation electrode, the second excitation electrode and the floating electrode are all arranged on the substrate, part of the first excitation electrode and part of the second excitation electrode are positioned right below the channel, at least one part of the floating electrode is positioned right below the channel, the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode are symmetrically arranged along the channel, and the floating electrode is positioned between the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode;
and applying an alternating current electric field to the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode to generate two symmetrical, opposite and vertical-to-plane vortexes so as to realize three-dimensional rotation control on the cells in the channel.
2. The induction charge electroosmosis-based cell three-dimensional rotation chip of claim 1, wherein the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode are both parallel to the side of the channel.
3. The induction charge electroosmosis-based cell three-dimensional rotation chip according to claim 1, wherein the cover sheet is a PDMS cover sheet.
4. The induction charge electroosmosis-based cell three-dimensional rotation chip according to claim 3, wherein one end of the channel is provided with a channel inlet for injecting a cell-containing solution, and the other end is provided with a channel outlet for discharging the cell-containing solution injected through the channel inlet.
5. The induction charge electroosmosis-based cell three-dimensional rotation chip according to claim 4, wherein the channel inlet and the channel outlet are provided with metal connectors.
6. The induction charge electroosmosis-based cell three-dimensional rotation chip according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a glass substrate.
7. The induction charge electroosmosis-based cell three-dimensional rotation chip according to claim 1, wherein the first excitation electrode, the second excitation electrode and the suspension electrode are all ITO electrodes.
8. The cell three-dimensional rotation chip based on induced charge electroosmosis of claim 1, wherein the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode are provided with electrode leads.
9. The cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis of claim 1, wherein the time-average flow rate of electroosmotic slip on the suspended electrode is:
Figure FDA0003473864730000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,<uslip>time-average flow rate, epsilon, for electroosmotic flow slipfEta is the solution viscosity, zeta is the induced zeta potential,
Figure FDA0003473864730000022
Figure FDA0003473864730000023
in order to excite the surface potential of the electrode,
Figure FDA0003473864730000024
is an electric double layer outer potential, E is an electric field intensity applied to the excitation electrode, EtIs the tangential component of the electric field, is the complex conjugate, is the complex amplitude, n is the normal vector, δ is the ratio of the diffusion layer capacitance to the Stern layer capacitance, and Re represents the real part.
CN202210049437.9A 2022-01-17 2022-01-17 Cell three-dimensional rotating chip based on induced charge electroosmosis Pending CN114456931A (en)

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