CN114455710A - Plant screening and community constructing method suitable for urban landscape water body restoration - Google Patents
Plant screening and community constructing method suitable for urban landscape water body restoration Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000005273 Canna coccinea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 244000205574 Acorus calamus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 240000001398 Typha domingensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000011996 Calamus deerratus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000008555 Canna flaccida Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000383620 Allium mongolicum Species 0.000 claims description 14
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000071493 Iris tectorum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010167 Allium cepa var aggregatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 244000257727 Allium fistulosum Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000008553 Allium fistulosum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000205578 Thalictrum Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000292211 Canna coccinea Species 0.000 description 20
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000006480 Acorus calamus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013479 Amaranthus retroflexus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000005674 Ceanothus americanus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014224 Ceanothus americanus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001904 Ceanothus herbaceus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241001521648 Thalia dealbata Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000383558 Thalia <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001518821 Typha orientalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000209495 Acorus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000143231 Scirpus validus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008573 Scirpus validus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004224 Typha angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036531 allelopathy Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029602 competition with other organism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a plant screening and community constructing method suitable for urban landscape water body restoration, which is characterized in that propagation materials of allium fistulosum, cattail, iris, calamus, canna and thalictrum ramosissimum are collected and planted in a containing box loaded with an artificial wetland matrix in the following way: 1) each plant is planted in the containing box independently; 2) planting plants with the same growth type in a storage box in a combined manner; the method comprises the following steps: 1) periodically adding nutrition; 2) monitoring plant growth and water quality indexes; 3) and judging the strength of the competitiveness of different plant species according to the growth condition of the plant and the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body, and screening. The six plants are mixed and planted in the containing box to construct a community, and through ecological niche difference among different plants, interspecific competition is weakened, and absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in the eutrophic water body by the plants are promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of eutrophic water body restoration, in particular to a plant screening and community constructing method suitable for urban landscape water body restoration.
Background
The urban landscape water body is used as an important component of the urban water ecological environment, can optimize the living environment and is closely related to the life quality of people. Compared with natural water bodies such as lakes, rivers and the like, most of urban landscape water bodies are closed water bodies, and have the characteristics of small water area, poor flowability and the like, the ecological system is simple in structure and function, and the self-cleaning capacity and the capacity of resisting external interference are weak. Along with the development of industry and the increase of population density, a large amount of NO and NO are contained in automobile exhaust2The equal gas and surface nutrition flow in along with the rainwater and surface runoffThe method is applied to urban landscape water bodies and also comprises the invasion of domestic garbage, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies is overhigh due to the input of external nutrients, the eutrophication of the water bodies is caused, the phenomena of mass propagation of algae and plankton, reduction of dissolved oxygen in water, odor generation of the water bodies and the like occur, the life quality of residents is seriously influenced, and the ornamental value of the urban landscape water bodies is lost.
Among the numerous methods for treating the eutrophication of urban landscape water bodies, the traditional physical methods such as aeration and salvage have overhigh cost and can treat the symptoms but not the root causes. Although the chemical method has obvious effect, the chemical method is easy to cause secondary pollution. The plant restoration in the biological method removes nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body through the absorption and assimilation of aquatic plants and the synergistic effect of the aquatic plants and microorganisms, has the characteristics of low cost, low energy consumption, high efficiency, self-maintenance and updating, convenient operation and maintenance and the like, can beautify the environment, and is widely applied to the ecological restoration of urban landscape water bodies.
The growth characteristics of the aquatic plants are different, and the tolerance degree and the absorption and utilization capacity of the aquatic plants to nutrient elements in the water body are different, so that the purification effect of the water body is influenced to a great extent by the selection of the aquatic plants. Meanwhile, the combination of plants also affects the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus. On the one hand, the combination of plants can cause interspecific competition, species with strong competitive power can inhibit the growth of other species, more resources are obtained to meet the growth and reproduction, and species with weak competitive power can be rapidly or gradually died due to less resources. Especially among species with similar ecological niches, competition (especially allelopathy) influences survival of plants and accumulation of biomass, for example, if a large number of species with weak competition capability are planted, massive death of the plants can be caused, and thus exogenous nutrient input in a water body is artificially increased. On the other hand, the combination of the plants can improve the species diversity of the community, and researches show that the species diversity can cause ecological niche complementation and improve the capability of horizontally absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus by the community, thereby optimizing the water body purification effect. The ecological niche complementation means that resource distribution and ecological niche differentiation occur among different plants due to the difference between species in resource demand and habitat utilization, the competition strength of the different plants in space, time, and the types, forms and quantity of nutrient elements is reduced, the coexistence among the plants and the stability of a community are promoted, and further the primary productivity of the community and the utilization efficiency of resources are improved. Therefore, in the practical application of water body restoration, the competitive power of species and the differentiation degree of the aquatic plants constructing the community on the ecological niche should be considered comprehensively.
Although the species diversity of the community has the potential of improving the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, the current application of aquatic plants in water purification has the combined advantages of acquiescent submerged plants and other life types, and the species competitiveness is not evaluated, and the community is not suitable for shallow water and ornamental requirements in the city. Compared with submerged plants, emerging plants can remove nitrogen and phosphorus in water in large quantity due to large biomass and strong adaptability, have higher ornamental value, simultaneously facilitate the transfer of assimilated nitrogen and phosphorus from a system through later-stage manual harvesting, and are often used for the restoration of landscape water bodies or water bodies with high eutrophication degree. Six emerging plants with ornamental value are selected, and an application paradigm is provided for plant screening and community construction for urban landscape water restoration from interspecific competition and resource utilization efficiency of the plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plant screening and community constructing method suitable for urban landscape water body restoration, and aims to provide a realization scheme for screening and configuring plants when constructing a plant community for urban landscape water body ecological restoration.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a plant screening method suitable for city landscape water body is restoreed which characterized in that, collects ornamental emergent aquatic plant water shallot, cattail, iris, calamus, canna, the reproductive material of religious flower, plants respectively according to following mode and cultivates in the containing box that loads artificial wetland matrix:
1) each plant is planted in the containing box independently;
2) planting plants with the same growth type in a storage box in a combined manner;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) periodically adding nutrition;
2) monitoring the growth condition of plants and water quality indexes;
3) and judging the strength of the competitiveness of different plant species according to the growth condition of the plant and the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body, and screening.
The artificial wetland substrate mainly comprises river sand, the river sand is washed for 5-6 times by tap water until effluent is clear, the washed sediment is soaked for 1-2 days by 0.2mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid, and then the sediment is washed by tap water and distilled water in sequence to remove soluble nutrient substances in the sediment so as to prevent the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment on the measurement result.
The size specification of the containing boxes is 63cm long, 45cm wide and 39cm high, each containing box is used for planting 12 plants, so that the planting density of the plants is 43.5 plants/m2The roots and stems of the plants are fixed in 8cm deep silt, and the water level is maintained between 14cm and 18cm during the cultivation.
The growth environment of the plants is a greenhouse still water condition, the initial state of the culture water body is 10 percent Hoagland nutrient solution, the total nitrogen concentration is 12mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 4mg/L, and the volume is 30L; the nutrient solution is added every 5 days during two months of plant culture, and ammonium chloride (NH) is used4CL) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) as the nitrogen and phosphorus components in the nutrient solution, the total nitrogen content in the nutrient solution added each time is 70mg, the total phosphorus content is 10mg, and for different plant combinations, the principle of quantitatively adding nitrogen and phosphorus and fixing the volume to a uniform water level by using distilled water is adopted.
The incubator is arranged in a greenhouse for culture, the temperature of the time period of 8:00-20:00 is set to be 30 ℃, the temperature of the time period of 20:00-8:00 is set to be 25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50%; the plants were supplemented with light using sodium lamps during the 8:00-20:00 time period, with good ventilation maintained during the cultivation.
The utility model provides a plant community construction method suitable for urban landscape water body is restoreed, its characterized in that, collects ornamental emergent aquatic plant allium mongolicum regel, cattail, iris tectorum, calamus, canna, the reproductive material of religious flower to mixed planting is cultivated in the containing box that loads the artificial wetland matrix, constructs the community, through the ecological niche difference between the different plants, in order to weaken interspecific competition, promote the plant to the absorption and the utilization of nitrogen phosphorus in the eutrophic water body.
Has the advantages that: and (3) carrying out combined planting on plants with the same growth type, comparing the growth conditions of the plants under the condition of similar ecological niches, and screening out the plants with stronger competitive power. Meanwhile, plants of different growth types are matched to form ecological niche difference among plant communities, so that ecological niche complementation of different types of plants in resource allocation and utilization is caused, and absorption and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by the communities are promoted. From the inter-species competition relationship and the resource utilization efficiency of the plants, a scheme is provided for screening and community construction of the plants in the water body ecological restoration technology respectively: (1) the plants of the same growth type are planted in a combined manner, and the competitive power of the plants is judged, so that the plants are screened; (2) the method comprises the steps of constructing a community by using plants of different growth types, and improving the stability of the community and the water body restoration effect through ecological niche difference between the plants. The two schemes can be used jointly in practical application, firstly, screening is carried out among plants of the same growth type, then community construction is carried out by matching the screened plants with different growth types, community stability and landscape diversity are promoted to the maximum extent, and the water body restoration effect is improved at the same time.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The utility model provides a plant screening method suitable for city landscape water body is restoreed which characterized in that, collects ornamental emergent aquatic plant water shallot, cattail, iris, calamus, canna, the reproductive material of religious flower, plants respectively according to following mode and cultivates in the containing box that loads artificial wetland matrix:
1) each plant is planted in the containing box independently;
2) planting plants with the same growth type in a storage box in a combined manner;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) periodically adding nutrition;
2) monitoring the growth condition of plants and water quality indexes;
3) and judging the strength of the competitiveness of different plant species according to the growth condition of the plant and the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body, and screening.
The artificial wetland substrate mainly comprises river sand, the river sand is washed for 5-6 times by tap water until effluent is clear, the washed sediment is soaked for 1-2 days by 0.2mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid, and then the sediment is washed by tap water and distilled water in sequence to remove soluble nutrient substances in the sediment so as to prevent the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment on the measurement result.
The size specification of the containing boxes is 63cm long, 45cm wide and 39cm high, each containing box is used for planting 12 plants, so that the planting density of the plants is 43.5 plants/m2The roots and stems of the plants are fixed in 8cm deep silt, and the water level is maintained between 14cm and 18cm during the cultivation.
The growth environment of the plants is a greenhouse still water condition, the initial state of the culture water body is 10 percent Hoagland nutrient solution, the total nitrogen concentration is 12mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 4mg/L, and the volume is 30L; the nutrient solution is added every 5 days during two months of plant culture, and ammonium chloride (NH) is used4CL) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) as the nitrogen and phosphorus components in the nutrient solution, the total nitrogen content in the nutrient solution added each time is 70mg, the total phosphorus content is 10mg, and for different plant combinations, the principle of quantitatively adding nitrogen and phosphorus and fixing the volume to a uniform water level by using distilled water is adopted.
The incubator is arranged in a greenhouse for culture, the temperature of the time period of 8:00-20:00 is set to be 30 ℃, the temperature of the time period of 20:00-8:00 is set to be 25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50%; the plants were supplemented with light using sodium lamps during the 8:00-20:00 time period, with good ventilation maintained during the cultivation.
The utility model provides a plant community construction method suitable for urban landscape water body is restoreed, its characterized in that, collects ornamental emergent aquatic plant allium mongolicum regel, cattail, iris tectorum, calamus, canna, the reproductive material of religious flower to mixed planting is cultivated in the containing box that loads the artificial wetland matrix, constructs the community, through the ecological niche difference between the different plants, in order to weaken interspecific competition, promote the plant to the absorption and the utilization of nitrogen phosphorus in the eutrophic water body.
The specific experimental steps are as follows:
six common emergent aquatic plants selected by the invention, namely the allium fistulosum (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani), the Typha orientalis (Typha orientalis), the Iris tectorum (Iris tectorum), the Acorus calamus (Acorus calamus), the Canna indica (Canna indica) and the Thalia dealbata (Thalia dealbata), come from the same nursery base. Selecting plant individuals with proper size and similar body types, respectively trimming the plant individuals to similar heights according to the growth types of different types of plants, cleaning the roots and leaves of the plants by using distilled water, removing residual nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, weighing and recording the fresh weight of the plant individuals. Meanwhile, the leaf quantity of canna, religious flower, calamus and iris and the branch quantity of allium mongolicum and cattail are recorded. The remaining plants were selected for outdoor culture and used to supplement dead plants. Selecting a transparent storage box with the length of 63cm, the width of 45cm and the height of 39cm as a container for plant growth, laying a sand layer with the thickness of 8cm in the storage box for fixing plants, and planting 12 plants in each storage box with the planting density of 43.5 plants/m2. In order to prevent the influence of original nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment on the measurement result, the river sand is washed by tap water for 5-6 times in the early stage until the effluent is clear, the washed sediment is soaked by 0.2mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid for 1-2 days to remove soluble nutrient substances in the sediment, and then the sediment is washed by tap water and distilled water in sequence.
The invention is provided with three planting modes which are respectively as follows: single planting, double species combination and mixed planting of six plants. The configuration results of the plants in different ways are as follows: in a single planting, each plant was replicated 3 times for a total of 18 containers. In the double-species combination, three plants with the same growth type, namely large (redroot flowers and canna), thin (water shallots and cattail) and fan (water iris and acorus calamus), are respectively combined and planted, 6 plants are planted in each combination, and 6 plants are planted in each single repetition, so that 18 containing boxes are obtained. In a mixture of six plants, 2 plants were grown for each plant for a total of 6 plants and 12 plants were planted, and 18 storage boxes were duplicated. Therefore, the number of repetition of each plant in the three planting methods was 36, and the total number of storage boxes was 54.
According to different collocation combinations, plants with numbers are uniformly planted at random positions of the containing boxes, the containing boxes are randomly placed on four seedbeds in a greenhouse, 30L of 10% Hoagland nutrient solution is added, and scale marks are marked. The total nitrogen concentration of the initial culture water body is 12mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 4mg/L, and the concentration of nutrients is higher than the standard of surface water class V. Starting from the sand layer, the initial plant height of the plants was measured and recorded. The temperature is set to 30 ℃ in the daytime (8:00-20:00), the humidity is controlled to be 50% at night (20:00-8:00), and the plants are supplemented with the illumination by a sodium lamp in the daytime. Good ventilation was maintained during the culture, and the water level was maintained between 14cm and 18 cm.
Nitrogen and phosphorus were additionally added to all the containers during the culture period. Using ammonium chloride (NH)4CL) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) as the nitrogen and phosphorus components in the nutrient solution, adding equal amount of nutrient solution with the same concentration into all the containing boxes every five days, wherein the addition amount is 70mg of total nitrogen and 10mg of total phosphorus, adding distilled water to a constant volume of 30L of corresponding scale marks, uniformly stirring, respectively taking 20ml of water samples at four corners and the center of each containing box, and uniformly mixing 100ml of water samples. After a water sample is taken, the concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the water sample is measured on the same day, the detection method of the total nitrogen is potassium persulfate ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the detection method of the total phosphorus is molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry, and specific reference is made to water and wastewater monitoring and analyzing method (fourth edition).
After two months of cultivation, all plants were harvested and the roots were cleaned of silt, flowering and dead individuals were recorded, and the morphological indices of the plants were measured at the same time. The measurement indexes include: the number of 1 plant is 2, the fresh weight is 3, the number of leaves is 4, the growth forms of six plants are different, and the measurement indexes are different. The canna, the religious flower, the calamus and the iris are measured as the number of leaves, and the number of the branches of the canna, the allium mongolicum and the canna is counted.
After two months of culture, the results were as follows:
(1) in the combined planting of the allium mongolicum regel and the cattail, the allium mongolicum regel and the cattail grow well. In the combined planting of the allium mongolicum regel, the plant height, the fresh weight and the plant division growth are all larger than those of single planting, wherein the fresh weight growth has obvious difference in the two planting modes, and the fact that the allium mongolicum regel grows better in the combined planting is shown. The cattail has no obvious difference in each index from a single species value in the combined planting, which shows that although the growth types of the cattail and the cattail are the same, the cattail does not have violent interspecific competition and even has a certain promotion effect. In the aspect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus, 720.22mg of total nitrogen and 138.20mg of total phosphorus are removed by planting allium mongolicum regel singly; typha angustifolia planted singly removed total nitrogen 647.95mg, total phosphorus 133.57 mg. The nutrient removing ability of the allium mongolicum regel is slightly strong.
(2) In the combined planting of the iris and the calamus, the growth vigor of the calamus is obviously superior to that of the iris. In a single species value, the plant height, the fresh weight and the leaf growth of the iris are all larger than those of the combined planting, wherein the plant height and the fresh weight have obvious difference in the two planting modes, which shows that in the combined planting, the interspecific competition effect is stronger, the acorus is in an advantage position, and the iris competition capability is weaker. In the aspect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus, total nitrogen of 684.62mg and total phosphorus of 139.20mg are removed by planting iris singly; the single planting of calamus can remove 712.23mg of total nitrogen and 160.99mg of total phosphorus. The nutrient removing ability of calamus is slightly stronger.
(3) In the combined planting of canna and redroot flowers, the canna and redroot flowers grow well, the plant height and the fresh weight increase of canna are higher than those of single planting, but the plant height and the fresh weight increase are smaller than those of single planting. The plant height, fresh weight and leaf growth of the Thalia dealbata are all less than those of single planting. This indicates that both plants are inhibited from growing in combination compared to single planting, making both plants less well grown in combination than in single planting. In the aspect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body, the canna single planting method is used for removing 791.20mg of total nitrogen and 189.26mg of total phosphorus; then the single planting of the forceful flower removes 754.91mg of total nitrogen and 144.66mg of total phosphorus. Canna has slightly stronger nutrition removing capability.
(4) In the mixed planting of the six plants, the plant height and the plant division growth of the allium mongolicum regel are lower than those of single planting, and the fresh weight growth is higher than that of the single planting, which shows that the allium mongolicum regel grows in the single planting and the mixed planting. The plant height, fresh weight, plant height increase and survival rate of the cattail are obviously lower than those of single planting, which indicates that the cattail is inhibited from growing in the mixed planting of six plants. The plant height, fresh weight and plant height of the iris are obviously lower than those of single planting, the plant height and fresh weight of the calamus are higher than those of single planting, and the blade growth is lower than that of single planting, which shows that the growth condition of the calamus in mixed planting is better than that of the iris. The plant height, fresh weight and plant height of canna and Thalia schrenkiana are obviously higher than those of single planting, which indicates that the canna and the Thalia schrenkiana both grow well in mixed planting.
(5) The mixed planting of the six plants has the optimal effect of removing the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the water body, the total nitrogen is absorbed and removed by 756.07mg in the two-month culture, the total phosphorus is 173.30mg, the total phosphorus accounts for 93 percent and 91 percent of the total addition amount respectively, and the average level of the single planting or the combined planting of the six plants is obviously higher. Under the condition of continuously adding nitrogen and phosphorus, the nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body are respectively reduced to 1.93mg/L and 0.56mg/L from 12mg/L and 4mg/L of initial total nitrogen and phosphorus, which shows that the ecological niche among species is opened up by the growth type difference of the six emergent aquatic plants, thereby further causing the ecological niche complementation of different kinds of plants in resource utilization and promoting the absorption of the whole community on the nitrogen and phosphorus.
(6) In single planting, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal capacity of the water body of six plants is different, and the nitrogen removal capacity is as follows from large to small: canna, thalictrum ramosissimum, allium mongolicum regel, calamus, iris tectorum and cattail, the phosphorus removal capability is as follows from big to small in sequence: canna, calamus, reshelvetia, allium fistulosum, iris and calamus.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a plant screening method suitable for city landscape water body is restoreed which characterized in that, collects ornamental emergent aquatic plant water shallot, cattail, iris, calamus, canna, the reproductive material of religious flower, plants respectively according to following mode and cultivates in the containing box that loads artificial wetland matrix:
1) each plant is planted in the containing box independently;
2) planting plants with the same growth type in a storage box in a combined manner;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) periodically adding nutrition;
2) monitoring the growth condition of plants and water quality indexes;
3) and judging the strength of the competitiveness of different plant species according to the growth condition of the plant and the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the water body, and screening.
2. The plant screening method suitable for urban landscape water restoration according to claim 1, wherein the constructed wetland substrate is mainly composed of river sand, the river sand is washed with tap water for 5-6 times until the effluent is clear, the washed sediment is soaked with 0.2mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid for 1-2 days, and then the tap water and distilled water are sequentially used for washing, so that soluble nutrients in the sediment are removed, and the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment on the measurement result is prevented.
3. The plant screening method suitable for urban landscape water restoration according to claim 1, wherein the storage boxes have dimensions of 63cm in length, 45cm in width and 39cm in height, and each storage box is planted with 12 plants, so that the plant planting density is 43.5 plants/m2The roots and stems of the plants are fixed in 8cm deep silt, and the water level is maintained between 14cm and 18cm during the cultivation.
4. The plant screening method suitable for urban landscape water restoration according to claim 1, wherein the growing environment of the plants is greenhouse still water conditions, the initial state of the cultured water is 10% Hoagland nutrient solution, the total nitrogen concentration is 12mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 4mg/L, and the volume is 30L; during two months of plant culture, the nutrient solution is added every 5 days, ammonium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used as nitrogen and phosphorus components in the nutrient solution, the total nitrogen content and the total phosphorus content in the nutrient solution added each time are 70mg and 10mg respectively, and for different plant combinations, the principle of quantitatively adding nitrogen and phosphorus and fixing the volume to a uniform water level by using distilled water is adopted.
5. The plant screening method suitable for urban landscape water restoration according to claim 1, wherein an incubator is placed in a greenhouse for cultivation, the temperature of the time period of 8:00-20:00 is set to 30 ℃, the temperature of the time period of 20:00-8:00 is set to 25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled at 50%; the plants were supplemented with light using sodium lamps during the 8:00-20:00 time period, with good ventilation maintained during the cultivation.
6. The utility model provides a plant community construction method suitable for urban landscape water body is restoreed, its characterized in that, collects ornamental emergent aquatic plant allium mongolicum regel, cattail, iris tectorum, calamus, canna, the reproductive material of religious flower to mixed planting is cultivated in the containing box that loads the artificial wetland matrix, constructs the community, through the ecological niche difference between the different plants, in order to weaken interspecific competition, promote the plant to the absorption and the utilization of nitrogen phosphorus in the eutrophic water body.
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