CN114453895B - Milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining open type thin-wall workpieces - Google Patents
Milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining open type thin-wall workpieces Download PDFInfo
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- CN114453895B CN114453895B CN202111042483.8A CN202111042483A CN114453895B CN 114453895 B CN114453895 B CN 114453895B CN 202111042483 A CN202111042483 A CN 202111042483A CN 114453895 B CN114453895 B CN 114453895B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
- B23Q3/082—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention discloses a milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for processing an open type thin-wall workpiece, which comprises a frame, a movable workbench, a clamping mechanism, a vertical drilling mechanism, a horizontal milling mechanism and a horizontal drilling mechanism; the working procedures of feeding, processing and discharging are realized by the movable workbench without manual operation, and the vertical drilling mechanism, the horizontal milling mechanism and the horizontal drilling mechanism are used for carrying out the working procedures of the bracket, the processing in two directions is completed in the same compound machine tool, the arrangement of the machine tool stations is reasonable, the clamping and positioning times are reduced, and the production cost is reduced; according to the characteristics of multiple holes and thin and easy deformation of the open type thin-wall workpiece, the clamping mechanism uses point contact to reduce the damage to the bracket at the part of the thin-wall structure to be compressed, and meanwhile, the triangular compressing plates are arranged to reduce the play, so that the compressing arrangement structure is stable; aiming at the problem of poor rigidity at the opening, the supporting unit is added to improve the supporting strength, so that the workpiece is ensured to be free from damage and deformation in the machining and clamping process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining an open-type thin-wall workpiece.
Background
The bracket type part is one of typical parts commonly used in mechanical products, and is used as a key connecting piece in a vehicle and mainly plays a role in supporting and positioning. The shape is particularly provided with an opening, the machining requirements are complex, the machining is generally required to be carried out from multiple directions, the holes are multiple, the wall is thin, the precision is high, the machining is easy to deform, and the clamping times are multiple. When the common machine tool is used for machining, a plurality of working procedures are needed, different clamps and equipment are adopted to realize part machining in a plurality of directions, meanwhile, the common machine tool cannot realize continuity of drilling and milling working procedures, the common machine tool is needed to be respectively finished on the two machine tools, parts cannot be continuously machined, a large amount of time is wasted, human resources are wasted, and therefore the product cycle is long and the efficiency is low.
In the manufacturing process of the present bracket as shown in fig. 1, the following processing contents are allocated to the present process according to the line processing requirements: milling two groups of surfaces on two sides of the small end, drilling a group of phi 17 double-layer holes, drilling 2 groups of phi 18 holes, and drilling 2 groups of phi 17 holes; the machining allowance is not more than 3mm; the processing time of a single piece is 6min.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a milling and drilling composite numerical control machine tool for processing an open type thin-wall workpiece, which shortens the processing time, improves the working efficiency and obtains higher economic benefit through orderly and efficient drilling and milling processing.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining the open-type thin-wall workpiece further comprises a frame, a movable workbench, a clamping mechanism, a vertical drilling mechanism, a horizontal milling mechanism and a horizontal drilling mechanism; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the movable workbench is arranged on the frame; the movable workbench comprises a mounting table and a transmission unit; the mounting table is connected to the transmission unit, and the transmission unit drives the mounting table to reciprocate on the frame along the X axis;
the clamping mechanism is arranged on the mounting table and is used for clamping the workpiece; the workpiece comprises a plurality of horizontal thin walls, a plurality of vertical thin walls and an opening mainly composed of two thin walls; the clamping mechanism comprises a clamp base, a clamping unit, a limiting unit and a supporting unit; wherein the clamping unit is mounted on the clamp base; the clamping unit comprises a first pressing plate, a second pressing plate and a third pressing plate which are in point contact with the horizontal thin wall of the workpiece respectively; three contact points of the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the third pressing plate with the horizontal thin wall are triangular on a horizontal plane; the limiting unit is arranged on the clamp base and is propped against the vertical thin wall of the workpiece; the supporting unit stretches into the opening of the workpiece and supports two thin walls at the opening;
the vertical drilling mechanism is arranged at one end of the frame; for machining a borehole from the Z-axis direction;
the horizontal milling mechanism is arranged at the downstream end of the vertical drilling mechanism; the horizontal milling mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the frame and symmetrically arranged on the X axis, and are used for performing end face milling by taking the Z axis as a feeding direction;
the horizontal drilling mechanism is fixedly arranged at the downstream end of the horizontal milling mechanism; the horizontal drilling mechanisms are arranged in a plurality, are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the frame in an X-axis mode and are used for machining drilling holes in the Y-axis direction.
Further, spiral chip removers are arranged on two sides of the movable workbench and located below the vertical drilling mechanism, the horizontal milling mechanism and the horizontal drilling mechanism, and are used for collecting and discharging scraps of the workpiece.
Further, the vertical drilling mechanism comprises a first upright post, a second upright post, a gantry servo sliding table and a drill bit; the first upright post and the second upright post are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the movable workbench; the gantry type servo sliding table is arranged between the first upright post and the second upright post and is positioned above the movable workbench; the drill bit is arranged on the gantry type servo slipway; and the gantry type servo sliding table drives the drill bit to move up and down along the Z axis.
Further, the vertical drilling mechanism further comprises a movable drill sleeve, and the movable drill sleeve is arranged below the drill bit; the movable drill sleeve comprises a telescopic component, a drilling guide block and a detection unit; the drilling guide block is arranged at the movable end of the telescopic component and linearly slides along the horizontal direction; the drilling guide block comprises a supporting plate and a guide hole, and the supporting plate stretches into the upper part of the thin wall of the workpiece to be drilled; the guide hole is formed in the support plate, and a drill bushing is arranged in the guide hole; the detection unit detects the displacement position of the drilling guide block.
Further, an adjusting unit is arranged between the gantry type servo slipway and the drill bit and used for adjusting the left and right positions of the drill bit; the adjusting unit is arranged on the gantry type servo slipway; the adjusting unit comprises an adjusting groove and an adjusting sliding block; the adjusting groove is formed in the mounting surface of the gantry type servo sliding table for mounting the drill bit; the adjusting groove is formed in the horizontal direction; the adjusting slide blocks are slidably arranged on the adjusting grooves, two adjusting slide blocks are arranged, and the two adjusting slide blocks are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the drill bit.
Further, two horizontal milling mechanisms are arranged and are respectively arranged on the side wall of the first upright post and the side wall of the second upright post; and linear guide rails are arranged on the side walls of the first upright post and the second upright post to drive the horizontal milling mechanism to do Z-axis feeding motion.
Further, the clamping unit further comprises a centering clamping part and a mandril, wherein the centering clamping part comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and a bidirectional screw, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are movably arranged on the bidirectional screw; the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are arranged on two sides of the workpiece by taking the X axis as a symmetry axis, and move in opposite directions along the Y axis to clamp the workpiece; the ejector rod moves linearly along the X-axis direction and abuts against the workpiece from the X-axis direction, and the ejector rod is opposite to the force application direction of the limiting unit to the workpiece.
Further, the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the third pressing plate are rotatably installed on the clamp base, support column nails are arranged on the top surface of the clamp base and correspond to the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the third pressing plate, and the support column nails are arranged below the workpiece.
The machining method of the milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining the open-type thin-wall workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, installing a workpiece to be processed on a clamping mechanism in a worker operation area;
step 2, moving a clamping mechanism for mounting a workpiece to be processed to a processing station of a vertical drilling mechanism at the far end of the frame through a transmission unit of a movable workbench;
step 3, fast forwarding and working of the vertical drilling mechanism, and drilling and processing are carried out; after the processing is finished, quickly returning to the original position;
step 4, a workpiece enters a processing station of the horizontal milling mechanism through a transmission unit of the movable workbench; horizontal milling mechanisms symmetrically arranged on two sides of the frame in the X-axis direction simultaneously start milling;
step 5, after milling, keeping the end position of the horizontal milling mechanism unchanged; after a workpiece enters a processing station of the horizontal drilling mechanism through a transmission unit of the movable workbench, the horizontal milling mechanism returns to the original position;
step 6, starting a horizontal drilling mechanism positioned on one side of the frame to perform drilling processing, and starting the horizontal drilling mechanism positioned on the other side of the frame after a limited time; firstly, the processing amount of the horizontal drilling mechanism started is 1/2 of the depth of the hole to be drilled, then the horizontal drilling mechanism started is returned to the original position, and the horizontal drilling mechanism started later is returned to the original position after drilling the hole to be drilled;
and 7, returning the machined workpiece and the clamping mechanism to a worker operation area through a transmission unit of the movable workbench, and unloading the machined workpiece by an operator.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
firstly, by implementing the scheme of the invention, the working procedures of feeding, processing and discharging are realized by the movable workbench without manual operation; the vertical drilling mechanism, the horizontal milling mechanism and the horizontal drilling mechanism are used for carrying out the machining process of the bracket, the machining in two directions is completed in the same compound machine tool, the arrangement of the machine tool stations is reasonable, the clamping and positioning times are reduced, and the production cost is reduced; according to the characteristics of multiple holes and thin and easy deformation of the open type thin-wall workpiece, the clamping mechanism uses point contact to reduce the damage to the bracket at the part of the thin-wall structure to be compressed, and meanwhile, the triangular pressing plate is arranged to reduce the movement, so that the compression arrangement structure is stable; aiming at the problem of poor rigidity at the opening, the supporting unit is added to improve the supporting strength, so that the workpiece is ensured to be free from damage and deformation in the machining and clamping process.
Secondly, spiral chip removers are arranged on two sides of the movable workbench, so that the waste chips are conveniently discharged.
Thirdly, in order to ensure rigidity, a gantry servo sliding table is adopted, and two side stand columns are adopted for supporting and mounting, so that the cutter is prevented from being in a cantilever state by the single side stand columns of a normal vertical drilling machine, deformation caused by long-term use is avoided, and machining precision is prevented from being influenced.
Fourthly, when machining the long and thin holes, the movable drill sleeve is used for guiding the cutter to machine, so that the vibration of the long drill is reduced, the machining precision of drilling is ensured, and the coaxiality is ensured.
Fifth, first stand and second stand support vertical drilling mechanism and horizontal milling mechanism simultaneously, make lathe mechanism compacter, reduced part quantity, be favorable to the arrangement of lathe more.
Sixthly, the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the third pressing plate are rotatably arranged on the clamp base, and the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the third pressing plate do not need to be integrally lifted and removed when the workpiece is fed and discharged; the installation time is saved, the installation accuracy is improved, and meanwhile, enough upper space is reserved, so that the feeding and discharging of the production line are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of a stent according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a perspective view of a compound numerically controlled machine tool of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front view of the compound numerically controlled machine tool of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the rack, mobile work station and cooling system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a perspective view of the frame, mobile station and vertical drilling mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 5
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a gantry servo slipway;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal drilling mechanism of the present invention assembled on the right side of the numerical control machine tool of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a right side view of the horizontal milling mechanism of the present invention assembled on the numerically controlled machine tool of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the structure of the assembly of the clamping mechanism and the bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a front view of an assembly of the clamping mechanism and bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a top view of an assembly of the clamping mechanism and bracket of the present invention;
symbol description:
1. the device comprises a frame, 1-1 parts of a first upright, 1-2 parts of a second upright, 1-3 parts of a linear guide rail, 1-4 parts of an upright servo sliding table, 2 parts of a movable working table, 2-1 parts of a mounting table, 2-2 parts of a transmission unit, 3 parts of a clamping mechanism, 3-1 parts of a clamp base, 3-2 parts of a first pressing plate, 3-3 parts of a second pressing plate, 3-4 parts of a third pressing plate, 3-5 parts of a push rod, 3-6 parts of a first telescopic cylinder, 3-7 parts of a first bracket, 3-8 parts of a second telescopic cylinder, 3-9 parts of a second bracket, 3-10 parts of a supporting unit, 3-11 parts of a first limiting plate, 3-12 parts of a second limiting plate, 3-13 parts of a supporting nail column, 3-14 parts of a first clamping plate. 3-15 parts of a bidirectional screw, 4 parts of a vertical drilling mechanism, 4-1 parts of a gantry servo sliding table, 4-1-1 parts of an adjusting groove, 4-1-2 parts of a positioning key, 4-1-3 parts of an adjusting sliding block, 4-2 parts of a movable drill bushing, 4-2-1 parts of a telescopic component, 4-2-2 parts of a supporting plate, 4-2-3 parts of a detecting unit, 4-2-4 parts of a guide hole, 4-3 parts of a drill bit, 4-3-1 parts of a vertical drilling motor, 4-3-2 parts of a twist drill bit, 5 parts of a horizontal milling mechanism, 5-1 parts of a double-shaft milling head, 5-2 parts of a milling cutter, 5-3 parts of a milling motor, 6 parts of a horizontal drilling mechanism, 6-1 parts of a horizontal servo sliding table, 6-2 parts of a four-shaft U-drilling power head, 6-3.U parts of a drilling motor 7. Aerial bridge, 8, support, 9, cooling system, 10, spiral chip remover.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
1-12, a milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for processing an open type thin-wall workpiece comprises a frame 1, a movable workbench 2, a clamping mechanism 3, a vertical drilling mechanism 4, a horizontal milling mechanism 5 and a horizontal drilling mechanism 6; wherein the movable workbench 2 is arranged on the frame 1; the movable workbench 2 comprises a mounting table 2-1 and a transmission unit 2-2; the mounting table 2-1 is connected to the transmission unit 2-2, and the transmission unit 2-2 drives the mounting table 2-1 to reciprocate on the frame along the X axis; preferably, the transmission unit 2-2 comprises a servo motor, the model number of which is 150ST-M32015M; the two sides of the movable workbench 2 are respectively provided with a spiral chip remover 10, the length of the spiral chip remover 10 is not less than the length of the movable workbench 2 along the X-axis direction, processing scraps are removed through the spiral chip removers 10 and uniformly discharged into a cooling system 9 at one end of the numerical control machine tool, the cooling system 9 comprises a cooling pipeline and a cooling chip removal system, and the cooling system is transported away by a trolley.
The vertical drilling mechanism 4 is fixedly arranged at one end of the frame 1; the vertical drilling mechanism 4 is fixed at one end of the frame 1 far away from the operation area of workers; the vertical drilling mechanism comprises a first upright 1-1, a second upright 1-2, a gantry type servo sliding table 4-1, a drill bit 4-3 and a movable drill bushing 4-2, wherein the first upright 1-1 and the second upright 1-2 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a movable workbench 2; the gantry type servo sliding table 4-1 is arranged between the first upright 1-1 and the second upright 1-2 and is positioned above the movable workbench 2, and preferably, the first upright 1-1 and the second upright 1-2 are used as supports, and the left side and the right side of the gantry type servo sliding table 4-1 are arranged at the tops of the first upright 1-1 and the second upright 1-2; the drill bit 4-3 is arranged on the gantry type servo sliding table 4-1; the gantry type servo sliding table 4-1 drives the drill bit 4-3 to move up and down along the Z axis; the drill bit 4-3 comprises a vertical drilling motor 4-3-1 and a twist drill bit 4-3-2; the model of the vertical drilling motor 4-3-1 is Y90L-4B5, and the twist drill 4-3-2 is used for drilling double-layer holes with phi 17 mm; the movable drill sleeve 4-2 is arranged below the drill bit 4-3; the movable drill bushing 4-2 comprises a telescopic component 4-2-1, a drilling guide block and a detection unit 4-2-3; the drilling guide block is arranged at the movable end of the telescopic component 4-2-1, the drilling guide block linearly slides along the horizontal direction, and preferably, the telescopic component 4-2-1 is a telescopic oil cylinder, and the cylinder body end of the telescopic oil cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the first upright column 1-1 or the second upright column 1-2 and linearly moves along the Y axis; the drilling guide block comprises a support plate 4-2-2 and a guide hole 4-2-4, wherein the support plate 4-2-2 extends above a thin wall of a workpiece to be drilled, and according to the double-layer hole structure of the support 8, the support plate 4-2-2 is divided into an upper support plate and a lower support plate, the upper support plate is positioned above the thin wall where a first layer of holes are positioned, and the lower support plate extends between the first layer of thin wall and a second layer of thin wall from the side surface; the guide holes 4-2-4 are formed in the support plate 4-2-2, the drill bushing is arranged in the guide holes 4-2-4, the movable drill bushing 4-2 is used for guiding the cutter to process, the vibration of the long twist drill bit is reduced, the processing precision of the two holes is ensured, and the coaxiality is ensured; and the detection unit 4-2-3 detects the displacement position of the drilling guide block and ensures the positioning accuracy of the drilling guide block.
The positions of the double-layer holes on the bracket 8 are required to be correspondingly adjusted due to the influence of temperature changes in summer and winter and the influence of moulds in different batches, and the trimming amount of (+/-) 1 mm on the left and right sides of the vertical drilling mechanism 4 is required to be ensured; an adjusting unit is arranged between the gantry type servo slipway 4-1 and the drill bit 4-3 and is used for adjusting the left and right positions of the drill bit 4-3; the adjusting unit is arranged on the gantry type servo sliding table 4-3; the adjusting unit comprises an adjusting groove 4-1-1 and an adjusting sliding block 4-1-3; wherein, the adjusting groove 4-1-1 is arranged on the mounting surface of the gantry servo slipway 4-3 for mounting the drill bit 4-3, and the adjusting groove 4-1-1 is preferably a T-shaped groove; the adjusting groove 4-1-1 is arranged along the horizontal direction, and a positioning key 4-1-2 is arranged on the adjusting groove 4-1-1 and is connected with the drill bit 4-3 for fixing the installation position of the drill bit 4-3 on the Z axis; the adjusting slide blocks 4-1-3 are slidably arranged on the adjusting groove 4-1-1, two adjusting slide blocks 4-1-3 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the drill bit 4-3, and the left and the right positions of the drill bit 4-3 on the X axis are finely adjusted through horizontally sliding the adjusting slide blocks 4-1-3.
A horizontal milling mechanism 5 installed at the downstream end of the vertical drilling mechanism 4; the horizontal milling mechanisms 5 are arranged in a plurality and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the frame 1 in the X-axis direction, and according to the structure of the bracket 8 in the scheme, the two horizontal milling mechanisms 5 are arranged at the two sides and respectively arranged on the side wall of the first upright post 1-1 and the side wall of the second upright post 1-2; linear guide rails 1-3 are arranged on the side wall of the first upright post 1-1 and the side wall of the second upright post 1-2, and upright post servo sliding tables 1-4 are arranged on the first upright post 1-1 and the second upright post 1-2; the upright post servo sliding table 1-4 drives the horizontal milling mechanism 5 to do Z-axis up-and-down reciprocating motion on the linear guide rail 1-3; the first upright 1-1 and the second upright 1-2 simultaneously support the vertical drilling mechanism 4 and the horizontal milling mechanism 5, so that the machine tool mechanism is more compact, the number of parts is reduced, and the arrangement of the machine tool is facilitated; the horizontal milling mechanism 5 comprises a double-shaft milling head 5-1 and a milling motor 5-3; wherein two milling cutters 5-2 are arranged in the double-shaft milling head 5-1; the model of the milling motor 5-3 is Y132M-6B5; the horizontal milling mechanism 5 performs machining from two sides simultaneously, so that time is saved and efficiency is improved.
A horizontal drilling mechanism 6 installed at the downstream end of the horizontal milling mechanism 5; the horizontal drilling mechanisms 6 are arranged in a plurality and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the frame 1 in the X-axis direction, and according to the structure of the bracket 8 in the scheme, the horizontal drilling mechanisms 6 are arranged in two for processing drilling holes in the Y-axis direction, and the horizontal drilling mechanisms are required to be divided into two steps for processing when the positions of the required holes are too close; the horizontal drilling mechanism 6 comprises a horizontal servo sliding table 6-1, a four-axis U-drill power head 6-2 and a U-drill motor 6-3; the horizontal servo sliding table 6-1 is arranged on the frame 1, and the model of a servo motor in the horizontal servo sliding table 6-1 is 150ST-M32015M and is used for controlling the Y-axis feeding amount of the horizontal drilling mechanism 6; the model of the U drill motor 6-3 is Y112M-4B5.
The clamping mechanism 3 is arranged on the mounting table 2-1 and is used for clamping the bracket 8; firstly, confirming the placement mode of the bracket 8 according to the processing requirement; drilling a group of phi 17 double-layer holes into slender holes, and arranging cutters along a Z axis; two groups of phi 18 holes are drilled, two groups of phi 17 holes are drilled, and cutters are required to be arranged along the X axis.
Two groups of surfaces on two sides of the small end are milled bilaterally, and the alternative scheme is as follows: end face milling, wherein a cutter main shaft is arranged along an X axis; side milling, wherein the cutter main shaft is arranged along a Z axis or a Y axis; considering that the end face milling precision is high and the surface roughness is easy to ensure, the same arrangement mode as that of phi 18 hole and phi 17 hole machining tools is adopted, and the machining tools are arranged on two sides of a workpiece along an X axis for horizontal machining.
The clamping mechanism 3 comprises a clamp base 3-1, a clamping unit, a limiting unit, a supporting unit 3-10, a centering clamping part, an ejector rod 3-5 and a support column nail 3-13; the clamping unit comprises a first pressing plate 3-2, a second pressing plate 3-3 and a third pressing plate 3-4, wherein the three pressing plates are in contact with a horizontal thin-wall point of a workpiece, and the contact point is triangular on a horizontal plane; according to the structure of the bracket 8, the first pressing plate 3-2 and the second pressing plate 3-3 are arranged at the position of a flat plate behind the bracket 8, the upper surface of the flat plate part of the bracket 8 is pressed from the Z-axis direction, and the first pressing plate 3-2 and the second pressing plate 3-3 are arranged in tandem in the X-axis direction; so that the contact points are not in a straight line; the third pressing plate 3-4 is arranged at the front opening of the bracket 8, and has larger distance from the first pressing plate 3-2 and the second pressing plate 3-3, so that the three-point coverage is ensured to be larger; the top surface of the clamp base 3-1 is provided with support column nails 3-13, the support column nails 3-13 are arranged corresponding to the first pressing plate 3-2, the second pressing plate 3-3 and the third pressing plate 3-4, and the support column nails 3-13 are arranged below the support 8 and provide support from the Z-axis direction; the supporting units 3-10 extend into the opening of the bracket 8, support the two side walls of the opening, are arranged corresponding to the third pressing plate 3-4, and prevent the bracket 8 from deforming due to the poor rigidity of the opening; the clamping unit limits three degrees of freedom of Z-axis movement, X-axis rotation, Y-axis rotation of the carriage 8.
The centering clamping part comprises a first clamping plate 3-14, a second clamping plate and a bidirectional screw rod 3-15, wherein the first clamping plate 3-14 and the second clamping plate are movably arranged on the bidirectional screw rod 3-15; the first clamping plates 3-14 and the second clamping plates are arranged on two sides of the support 8 by taking the X axis as a symmetry axis, move in opposite directions along the Y axis, clamp the vertical surface of the support 8, and limit the Y axis movement of the support 8 by centering the clamping parts.
The limiting unit is arranged on the clamp base 3-1, the limiting unit is abutted against a vertical thin wall on a workpiece, and according to the structure of the bracket 8, the limiting unit comprises a first limiting plate 3-11 and a second limiting plate 3-12, the first limiting plate 3-11 and the second limiting plate 3-12 are vertically arranged and are arranged on two sides of the bracket 8 by taking an X axis as a center, and the limiting unit is abutted against the front side of the vertical side wall of the bracket 8 from the X axis direction, so that the movement of the bracket 8 in the X axis and the degree of freedom of Z axis rotation are limited; the ejector rod 3-5 moves linearly along the X-axis direction and abuts against the support 8 from the X-axis direction, and the ejector rod 3-5 is opposite to the force application direction of the limiting unit to the support 8; preferably, the ejector rod 3-5 abuts against the rear end of the bracket 8 from the X-axis direction; the support 8 is ensured to reliably rest on the first limit plate 3-11 and the second limit plate 3-12.
Considering feeding and discharging of a robot, the clamping mechanism is designed to be open at the upper part; the first pressing plate 3-2, the second pressing plate 3-3 and the third pressing plate 3-4 are rotatably arranged on the clamp base 3-1; according to the structural design of the bracket 8, the first pressing plate 3-2 and the second pressing plate 3-3 are arranged in a Y-axis rotary opening and closing way, so that enough upper space is reserved during feeding and discharging; the third pressing plate 3-4 rotates 90 degrees by using a Z axis, so that a feeding space and a discharging space are reserved for the bracket 8; specifically, a first telescopic oil cylinder 3-6, a first bracket 3-7, a second telescopic oil cylinder 3-8 and a second bracket 3-9 are respectively arranged on a clamp base 3-1, wherein the rear end of a first pressing plate 3-2 is hinged with the piston rod end of the first telescopic oil cylinder 3-6, a boss is arranged on the side wall of the first pressing plate 3-2 and extends into a guide hole obliquely arranged on the first bracket 3-7, and the first telescopic oil cylinder 3-6 stretches and moves to drive the boss to slide in the guide hole obliquely arranged; the rear end of the second pressing plate 3-3 is hinged with a piston rod end of a second telescopic oil cylinder 3-8, a boss is arranged on the side wall of the second pressing plate 3-3, and extends into a guide hole obliquely arranged on the second bracket 3-9; the first pressing plate 3-2 and the second pressing plate 3-3 can be rotated to open and close along the Y axis.
The frame 1 further comprises an aerial bridge 7 arranged above the frame worker's operating area for loading and unloading.
The machining method of the milling and drilling composite numerical control machine tool for machining the bracket is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, installing a workpiece to be processed on a clamping mechanism in a worker operation area; the method specifically comprises the steps of feeding and pushing a bracket to be processed back, abutting against a first limiting plate and a second limiting plate, manually and bidirectionally screwing the screw rod to enable the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate to clamp the bracket in a centering manner, and abutting against the rear end of the bracket to be processed by using an ejector rod; the supporting unit extends into the opening of the bracket; clamping a bracket to be processed by using a first pressing plate, a second pressing plate and a third pressing plate;
step 2, moving a clamping mechanism provided with a bracket to be processed to a processing station of a vertical drilling mechanism at the far end of the frame through a transmission unit of a movable workbench;
step 3, fast forwarding and working of the vertical drilling mechanism, and drilling and processing are carried out; because the drilling of the vertical drilling mechanism is double-layer drilling, before the drilling, the movable drill sleeve stretches into the upper part of the thin wall to be drilled; after the processing is finished, quickly returning to the original position;
step 4, the bracket enters a processing station of the horizontal milling mechanism through a transmission unit of the movable workbench; horizontal milling mechanisms symmetrically arranged on two sides of the frame in the X-axis direction simultaneously start milling;
step 5, after milling, keeping the end position of the horizontal milling mechanism unchanged; after the bracket enters a processing station of the horizontal drilling mechanism through a transmission unit of the movable workbench, the horizontal milling mechanism returns to the original position;
step 6, starting a horizontal drilling mechanism positioned at one side of the frame to perform drilling processing, and starting the horizontal drilling mechanism positioned at the other side of the frame after 5 seconds; firstly, the processing amount of the horizontal drilling mechanism started is 1/2 of the depth of the hole to be drilled, then the horizontal drilling mechanism started is returned to the original position, and the horizontal drilling mechanism started later is returned to the original position after drilling the hole to be drilled; the horizontal drilling mechanisms at two sides are processed simultaneously, so that half of the working time can be reduced;
and 7, returning the machined workpiece and the clamping mechanism to a worker operation area through a transmission unit of the movable workbench, and unloading the machined workpiece by an operator.
During the processing, scraps produced during the processing are discharged out of the machine tool through spiral chip removers arranged on two sides of the movable workbench.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and functions of the present invention, and not in limitation thereof, and modifications or alterations may be made to the above-described embodiments by any person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. A compound digit control machine tool of milling and boring for processing open-type thin wall class work piece, characterized by that includes frame, removal
The device comprises a workbench, a clamping mechanism, a vertical drilling mechanism, a horizontal milling mechanism and a horizontal drilling mechanism; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the movable workbench is arranged on the frame; the movable workbench comprises a mounting table and a transmission unit; the mounting table is connected to the transmission unit, and the transmission unit drives the mounting table to reciprocate on the frame along the X axis;
the clamping mechanism is arranged on the mounting table and is used for clamping the workpiece; the workpiece comprises a plurality of horizontal thin walls, a plurality of vertical thin walls and an opening mainly composed of two thin walls; the clamping mechanism comprises a clamp base, a clamping unit, a limiting unit and a supporting unit; wherein the clamping unit is mounted on the clamp base; the clamping unit comprises a first pressing plate, a second pressing plate and a third pressing plate which are in point contact with the horizontal thin wall of the workpiece respectively; three contact points of the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the third pressing plate with the horizontal thin wall are triangular on a horizontal plane; the limiting unit is arranged on the clamp base and is propped against the vertical thin wall of the workpiece; the supporting unit stretches into the opening of the workpiece and supports two thin walls at the opening;
the vertical drilling mechanism is arranged at one end of the frame; for machining a borehole from the Z-axis direction;
the horizontal milling mechanism is arranged at the downstream end of the vertical drilling mechanism; the horizontal milling mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the frame and symmetrically arranged on the X axis, and are used for performing end face milling by taking the Z axis as a feeding direction;
the horizontal drilling mechanism is fixedly arranged at the downstream end of the horizontal milling mechanism; the horizontal drilling mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the frame in an X-axis symmetry manner and are used for machining drilling holes from the Y-axis direction;
the clamping unit further comprises a centering clamping part and an ejector rod, wherein the centering clamping part comprises a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate and a bidirectional screw rod, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are movably arranged on the bidirectional screw rod; the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are arranged on two sides of the workpiece by taking the X axis as a symmetry axis, and move in opposite directions along the Y axis to clamp the workpiece; the ejector rod moves linearly along the X-axis direction and abuts against the workpiece from the X-axis direction, and the ejector rod is opposite to the force application direction of the limiting unit to the workpiece;
the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the third pressing plate are rotatably installed on the clamp base, support column nails are arranged on the top surface of the clamp base, the support column nails are arranged corresponding to the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the third pressing plate, and the support column nails are arranged below the workpiece.
2. The milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining open-type thin-wall workpieces according to claim 1, wherein spiral chip removers are arranged on two sides of the movable workbench; the spiral chip remover is positioned below the vertical drilling mechanism, the horizontal milling mechanism and the horizontal drilling mechanism and is used for collecting and discharging scraps of the workpiece.
3. The milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining open-type thin-wall workpieces according to claim 1, wherein the vertical drilling mechanism comprises a first upright, a second upright, a gantry type servo sliding table and a drill bit; the first upright post and the second upright post are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the movable workbench; the gantry type servo sliding table is arranged between the first upright post and the second upright post and is positioned above the movable workbench; the drill bit is arranged on the gantry type servo slipway; and the gantry type servo sliding table drives the drill bit to move up and down along the Z axis.
4. A compound numerically controlled milling and drilling machine for machining open-ended thin-walled workpieces as in claim 3, wherein the vertical drilling mechanism further comprises a movable drill sleeve disposed below the drill bit; the movable drill sleeve comprises a telescopic component, a drilling guide block and a detection unit; the drilling guide block is arranged at the movable end of the telescopic component and linearly slides along the horizontal direction; the drilling guide block comprises a supporting plate and a guide hole, and the supporting plate stretches into the upper part of the thin wall of the workpiece to be drilled; the guide hole is formed in the support plate, and a drill bushing is arranged in the guide hole;
the detection unit detects the displacement position of the drilling guide block.
5. The milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for processing open-type thin-wall workpieces according to claim 3, wherein an adjusting unit is arranged between the gantry type servo slipway and the drill bit and used for adjusting the left and right positions of the drill bit; the adjusting unit is arranged on the gantry type servo slipway; the adjusting unit comprises an adjusting groove and an adjusting sliding block; the adjusting groove is formed in the mounting surface of the gantry type servo sliding table for mounting the drill bit; the adjusting groove is formed in the horizontal direction; the adjusting slide blocks are slidably arranged on the adjusting grooves, two adjusting slide blocks are arranged, and the two adjusting slide blocks are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the drill bit.
6. The milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for processing open-type thin-wall workpieces according to claim 3, wherein two horizontal milling mechanisms are arranged and respectively mounted on the side wall of the first upright post and the side wall of the second upright post; and linear guide rails are arranged on the side walls of the first upright post and the second upright post to drive the horizontal milling mechanism to do Z-axis feeding motion.
7. A machining method of a milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining an open type thin-wall workpiece, based on the milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining an open type thin-wall workpiece as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, installing a workpiece to be processed on a clamping mechanism in a worker operation area;
step 2, moving a clamping mechanism for mounting a workpiece to be processed to a processing station of a vertical drilling mechanism at the far end of the frame through a transmission unit of a movable workbench;
step 3, fast forwarding and working of the vertical drilling mechanism, and drilling and processing are carried out; after the processing is finished, quickly returning to the original position;
step 4, a workpiece enters a processing station of the horizontal milling mechanism through a transmission unit of the movable workbench; horizontal milling mechanisms symmetrically arranged on two sides of the frame in the X-axis direction simultaneously start milling;
step 5, after milling, keeping the end position of the horizontal milling mechanism unchanged; after a workpiece enters a processing station of the horizontal drilling mechanism through a transmission unit of the movable workbench, the horizontal milling mechanism returns to the original position;
step 6, starting a horizontal drilling mechanism positioned on one side of the frame to perform drilling processing, and starting the horizontal drilling mechanism positioned on the other side of the frame after a limited time; firstly, the processing amount of the horizontal drilling mechanism started is 1/2 of the depth of the hole to be drilled, then the horizontal drilling mechanism started is returned to the original position, and the horizontal drilling mechanism started later is returned to the original position after drilling the hole to be drilled;
and 7, returning the machined workpiece and the clamping mechanism to a worker operation area through a transmission unit of the movable workbench, and unloading the machined workpiece by an operator.
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| CN202111042483.8A CN114453895B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining open type thin-wall workpieces |
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| CN202111042483.8A CN114453895B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Milling and drilling compound numerical control machine tool for machining open type thin-wall workpieces |
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Effective date of registration: 20231013 Address after: No. 43886, 4th Floor, GF District, Building 3, Phase 3, E-commerce Park, Wenshui Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230031 Patentee after: Anhui Chenze Intellectual Property Service Co.,Ltd. Address before: 224051 middle road of hope Avenue, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, No. 1 Patentee before: YANCHENG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY |