CN114453754B - High-speed welding hump defect suppression method based on laser arc common molten pool decoupling - Google Patents
High-speed welding hump defect suppression method based on laser arc common molten pool decoupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN114453754B CN114453754B CN202210114591.XA CN202210114591A CN114453754B CN 114453754 B CN114453754 B CN 114453754B CN 202210114591 A CN202210114591 A CN 202210114591A CN 114453754 B CN114453754 B CN 114453754B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of welding, and provides a method for inhibiting hump defects in high-speed welding based on non-coupling of a laser arc common molten pool. The electric arc of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun keeps a certain distance from the laser beam of the laser welding gun, so that the coupling effect of metal steam caused by the electric arc and the laser beam can be avoided, and the electric arc only regulates and controls the action of a molten pool generated by the laser beam. The electric arc force and the electric arc heat of the electric arc can be changed by adjusting the electric arc, and the maximum distance Z between the highest point of the molten pool and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is ensured to be less than or equal to the preset height. In this way, the high-speed liquid flow in the molten pool is decelerated by the arc force, and the molten pool width is increased by the arc heat, so that the stability of the liquid flow in the molten pool is enhanced, and the hump defect is suppressed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a method for inhibiting hump defects in high-speed welding based on laser arc co-melting pool decoupling.
Background
Laser welding has a higher energy density and therefore generally has a higher welding speed than arc welding, which can achieve higher production efficiency. In order to further improve the production efficiency of laser welding, the welding speed needs to be further improved. However, when the welding speed of laser welding is too high, periodic undulations, i.e., hump defects, appear on the weld. The generation of hump defects damages the mechanical integrity of the welding seam, reduces the effective bearing area of the welding seam, causes stress concentration, seriously damages the mechanical property of the welding seam and simultaneously causes the welding seam to become unattractive, thereby limiting the further improvement of the welding speed.
The formation of the hump defect of the high-speed laser welding is closely related to the behavior of a molten pool, when the welding speed is higher, a slender high-speed liquid flow exists in the molten pool, and under the action of surface tension, the slender high-speed liquid flow has stronger instability, so that a series of bulges and depressions are easily generated in the molten pool, and the hump defect is formed after solidification. The suppression of the hump defect of high-speed laser welding requires the regulation of the molten pool behavior. At present, some methods for inhibiting hump defects in high-speed laser welding are available, including increasing the size of a light spot, swinging a laser beam and the like, however, increasing the size of the light spot can cause the reduction of weld penetration, and swinging laser welding can only reduce the hump defects but cannot completely eliminate the hump defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for inhibiting hump defect in high-speed welding based on laser-arc co-melting pool decoupling, which is used for solving the problem that the hump defect is easy to appear in a welding seam when the laser welding speed is higher in the prior art, and realizes the effect of ensuring the forming quality while accelerating the welding speed.
The invention provides a method for inhibiting hump defects in high-speed welding based on laser arc co-melting pool decoupling, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the distance between an argon tungsten-arc welding gun and a laser welding gun to enable the minimum distance L between an electric arc area and a point A along the welding direction to be larger than or equal to a preset distance, wherein the electric arc area is an area occupied by electric arcs generated by the argon tungsten-arc welding gun, the point A is an intersection point of laser beams generated by the laser welding gun and a workpiece to be welded, and the argon tungsten-arc welding gun is positioned behind the laser welding gun along the welding direction; and adjusting the electric arc of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun to ensure that the maximum height Z of the molten pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded is less than or equal to a preset height.
According to the method for inhibiting the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc co-melting pool, the adjustment of the distance between the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the laser welding gun comprises the following steps: and adjusting the distance between the point B and the point A to ensure that the minimum distance L between the point A and the arc area along the welding direction is greater than or equal to the preset distance, wherein the point B is the intersection point of the axis of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded.
According to the method for inhibiting the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc co-melting pool, the adjustment of the distance between the point B and the point A comprises the following steps: determining the current distance between the point A and the point B, and determining the current welding current of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun; based on the present distance and the present welding current, performing the following target distance determining step: calculating the minimum distance L between the arc area and the point A along the welding direction, and comparing the minimum distance L with the preset distance; if the minimum distance L is greater than or equal to the preset distance, determining that the current distance is the target distance; and if the minimum distance L is smaller than the preset distance, increasing the current distance by a preset distance step length to re-determine the current distance, and re-executing the target distance determining step.
According to the method for suppressing the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc co-melting pool, the minimum distance L between the arc area and the point A along the welding direction is calculated, and the method comprises the following steps: capturing images of the weld puddle and the arc from a side of a welding direction using a camera; the image is processed and the value of the minimum distance L is determined.
According to the method for inhibiting the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc common melting pool, the adjustment of the electric arc of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun comprises the following steps: and adjusting the welding current of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun to enable the maximum height Z of the molten pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded to be smaller than or equal to the preset height.
According to the method for inhibiting the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc common melting pool, the adjustment of the welding current of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun comprises the following steps of determining the target welding current based on the current welding current: calculating the maximum height Z of the molten pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and comparing the maximum height Z with the preset height; if the maximum height Z is smaller than or equal to the preset height, determining that the current welding current is the target welding current; and if the maximum height Z is larger than the preset height, increasing the current welding current by a preset current step length to re-determine the current welding current, and executing the target distance determining step until the minimum distance L is larger than or equal to the preset distance, and executing the target welding current determining step.
According to the method for inhibiting the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc co-melting pool, the calculation of the maximum height Z of the melting pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded comprises the following steps: using a camera to capture images of the weld pool and the arc from the side of the welding direction; the image is processed and the value of the maximum height Z is determined.
According to the method for inhibiting the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc molten pool, the vertical distance H between the welding end of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is less than or equal to 2mm.
According to the method for inhibiting the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc co-melting pool, provided by the invention, the value of an included angle alpha between the axial direction of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is between 0 and 50 degrees.
According to the method for inhibiting the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc common melting pool, the moving speed of the laser welding gun and the argon tungsten-arc welding gun along the welding direction is more than ten meters per minute.
The invention provides a hump defect suppression method for high-speed welding based on laser-arc co-molten pool decoupling, which comprises the steps of adjusting the distance between an argon tungsten-arc welding gun and a laser welding gun and adjusting the electric arc of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun, wherein the argon tungsten-arc welding gun is connected behind the laser welding gun in the welding direction in series. And adjusting the distance between the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the laser welding gun to ensure that the minimum distance L between an electric arc area and a point A along the welding direction is greater than or equal to a preset distance, wherein the electric arc area is an area occupied by electric arcs generated by the argon tungsten-arc welding gun, and the point A is an intersection point of a laser beam of the laser welding gun and a workpiece to be welded. The electric arc of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun keeps a certain distance from the laser beam of the laser welding gun, so that the coupling effect of metal vapor caused by the electric arc and the laser beam can be avoided, namely the electric arc and the laser beam are two independent heat sources, the welding line penetration is not influenced by the addition of the electric arc, and the action of a molten pool generated by the laser beam is only regulated and controlled. The electric arc of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun is adjusted, the electric arc force and the electric arc heat of the electric arc can be changed, and the fact that the maximum height Z of the molten pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded is smaller than or equal to the preset height is guaranteed. In this way, the high-speed liquid flow in the molten pool is decelerated by the arc force, and the molten pool width is increased by the arc heat, so that the stability of the liquid flow in the molten pool is enhanced, and the hump defect is suppressed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a weld pool and a workpiece to be welded during laser high speed welding of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a weld pool and a workpiece to be welded during laser high speed welding in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a molten pool and a workpiece to be welded during welding by using the method for suppressing the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser-arc co-molten pool provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a weld pool and a workpiece to be welded during welding by using the method for suppressing the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc co-weld pool provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the relative positions of the TIG welding gun, the laser beam and the workpiece to be welded according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining a target distance and a target welding current in a high-speed welding hump defect suppression method based on laser arc co-melting bath decoupling provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for determining a target distance and a target welding current in a high-speed welding hump defect suppression method based on laser arc co-melting pool decoupling provided by the invention.
Reference numerals:
410: a workpiece to be welded; 420: a molten pool; 500: a laser beam; 610: a tungsten electrode argon arc welding gun; 620: and (4) an arc.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for suppressing hump defects of high-speed welding based on laser arc co-melting pool decoupling is described in the following with reference to fig. 1-7.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a work piece 410 to be welded and a melt pool 420 of a high-speed laser welding process in the related art, and fig. 2 is a plan view illustrating the work piece 410 to be welded and the melt pool 420 of the high-speed laser welding process in the related art. In the welding method shown in the figure, when the welding speed is too high, for example, the welding speed exceeds 10m/min, an elongated high-speed liquid flow exists in the molten pool 420, and the elongated high-speed liquid flow has strong instability under the action of surface tension, so that a series of bulges and depressions are easily generated in the molten pool 420, and a hump defect is formed after solidification. The generation of hump defects damages the mechanical integrity of the welding seam, reduces the effective bearing area of the welding seam, causes stress concentration, seriously damages the mechanical property of the welding seam and simultaneously causes the welding seam to become unattractive, thereby limiting the further improvement of the welding speed.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for inhibiting hump defects in high-speed welding based on non-coupling of a laser arc co-melting pool, which is used for solving the problems and comprises the following steps:
step S100, adjusting the distance between the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the laser welding gun, and enabling the minimum distance L between an arc area and a point A along the welding direction to be larger than or equal to a preset distance, wherein the arc area is an area occupied by an arc 620 generated by the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610, the point A is an intersection point of a laser beam 500 generated by the laser welding gun and a workpiece 410 to be welded, and the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 is located behind the laser welding gun along the welding direction.
Step S200, adjusting the electric arc 620 of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 to enable the maximum height Z of the molten pool 420 exceeding the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded to be smaller than or equal to a preset height.
In order to solve the hump defect, the hump defect inhibiting method based on laser-arc co-molten pool non-coupling for high-speed welding provided by the invention is characterized in that an argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 is connected in series behind the laser welding gun along the welding direction, and the action of the force and the heat of an electric arc 620 of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 is utilized to regulate and control the action of a molten pool 420 generated by a laser beam 500 of the laser welding gun so as to obtain a welding seam with a smooth surface and without hump defect, thereby providing a feasible method for further improving the production efficiency of laser welding.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a workpiece to be welded 410 and a molten pool 420 during welding according to the method for suppressing a hump defect in high-speed welding based on decoupling of a laser arc molten pool provided by the invention, and fig. 4 is a top view of the workpiece to be welded 410 and the molten pool 420 during welding according to the method for suppressing a hump defect in high-speed welding based on decoupling of a laser arc molten pool provided by the invention. In the figure, the direction to the right of the paper is the welding direction, the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610 is connected in series at the rear side of the laser welding gun along the welding direction, namely the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610 is connected in series at the left side of the laser welding gun, the electric arc 620 generated by the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610 acts on the molten pool 420 generated by the laser beam 500 of the laser welding gun, the high-speed liquid flow in the molten pool 420 is decelerated under the action of the electric arc force, the width of the molten pool 420 is increased under the action of the electric arc heat, the stability of the liquid flow in the molten pool 420 is enhanced, and the hump defect is inhibited.
The method for suppressing the hump defect of the high-speed welding based on the non-coupling of the laser arc co-melting pool is different from the traditional laser arc hybrid welding mode. In the traditional laser-arc hybrid welding, the arc 620 is close to the laser beam 500, so that the arc 620 and the metal vapor caused by the laser beam 500 are coupled, namely the arc 620 and the laser beam 500 are coupled into a heat source, and the method can be used for increasing the weld penetration, improving the adaptability to the groove gap, eliminating pores and the like.
In the present invention, the distance between the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the laser welding gun needs to be adjusted, so that the minimum distance L between the arc region generated by the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the action point of the laser welding gun on the workpiece 410 to be welded along the welding direction is greater than or equal to the preset distance. Thus, the arc 620 and the laser beam 500 are kept at a certain distance to avoid the coupling effect of the arc 620 and the metal vapor caused by the laser beam 500, that is, the arc 620 and the laser beam 500 are two independent heat sources, and the addition of the arc 620 does not affect the weld penetration, but only regulates and controls the behavior of the molten pool 420 generated by the laser beam 500.
In addition, the arc 620 of the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610 needs to be adjusted to change the arc force and the arc heat of the arc 620, so as to ensure that the maximum distance Z between the part of the molten pool 420 higher than the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is less than or equal to the preset height. As described above, the high-speed liquid flow in the molten pool 420 is decelerated by the arc force, and the width of the molten pool 420 is increased by the arc heat, so that the stability of the liquid flow in the molten pool 420 is enhanced, and the hump defect is suppressed.
Compared with the prior art, the method can effectively inhibit the hump defect of high-speed laser welding, obtain the welding seam with a smooth surface, avoid the coupling effect of metal vapor caused by the electric arc 620 and the laser beam 500 by selecting proper process parameters, and avoid the influence on the weld penetration.
Before further explanation of the above method, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the following specification is first made on the relative positions and the representation method of the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610, the laser beam 500, the workpiece 410 to be welded, and the molten pool 420.
Referring to fig. 5, the direction to the right of the paper is the welding direction, point a is the intersection point of the axis of the laser beam 500 and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded, point B is the intersection point of the axis of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded, the vertical distance between the welding end of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is H, and the included angle between the axis of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is α. Referring to fig. 6, the distance in the welding direction between the position of the arc region near point a in the welding direction and point a is a minimum distance L, and the height of the highest point of the portion of the molten pool 420 higher than the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded from the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is a maximum height Z.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting the distance between the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the laser welding gun in step S100 includes the following steps:
step S110, adjusting a distance between a point B and the point a, so that a minimum distance L between the point a and the arc region along a welding direction is greater than or equal to the preset distance, where the point B is an intersection point of an axis of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded.
In the working process, after adjusting each working parameter of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the distance between the welding end and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded, the arc area of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 is a determined area, and in order to prevent the arc 620 from being coupled with the laser beam 500, the distance between the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the laser welding gun can be adjusted.
In this embodiment, the distance between the argon tungsten arc welding torch 610 and the laser welding torch can be changed by adjusting and measuring the distance between the points a and B.
When the distance between the point A and the point B is too small, the electric arc 620 is close to the laser beam 500, the electric arc 620 is easy to generate coupling action with metal vapor caused by the laser beam 500, once the coupling happens, the molten pool 420 in a laser irradiation area can obtain extra electric arc heat, the temperature is increased, larger vapor recoil force is generated, the liquid flow in the molten pool 420 is more violent, and the generation of a hump defect is more easily caused; when the distance between the point a and the point B is too large, the arc 620 is too far away from the laser beam 500, and the arc 620 cannot act on the molten pool 420 generated by the laser beam 500, so that the behavior of the molten pool 420 cannot be effectively controlled to suppress the hump defect.
Therefore, by adjusting the distance between the point a and the point B, the target distance is obtained, and the minimum distance L between the arc 620 and the laser beam 500 in the welding direction is within the preset distance range, so that the arc 620 can act on the molten pool 420 generated by the laser beam 500 under the condition that the arc 620 is not coupled with the laser beam 500.
In a further embodiment, the step S110 of adjusting the distance between the point B and the point a may include the following steps:
step S111, determining the current distance between the point A and the point B, and determining the current welding current of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610;
step S112, based on the current distance and the current welding current, executing the following target distance determination step:
step S113, calculating a minimum distance L between the arc area and the point A along the welding direction, and comparing the minimum distance L with the preset distance;
step S114, if the minimum distance L is greater than or equal to the preset distance, determining that the current distance is the target distance;
step S115, if the minimum distance L is smaller than the preset distance, increasing the current distance by a preset distance step length to redetermine the current distance, and executing the target distance determination step.
Wherein, the preset distance can be more than or equal to 1mm, and can be set manually according to actual conditions. The current distance may be less than or equal to 3mm, and the value of the current distance may be arbitrarily selected within the range.
In this embodiment, the current distance between the point a and the point B may be temporarily determined to be 2mm, the preset distance step may be 2mm, the preset distance may be selected to be 1mm, and the current welding current may be less than or equal to 50A, for example, the current welding current may be 30A.
Then, the laser welding gun and the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 are started and the target distance determining step is executed:
and calculating the minimum distance L between the arc area of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the point A along the welding direction, and comparing the value of the minimum distance L with the value of the preset distance. If the calculated minimum distance L is greater than or equal to 1mm, which indicates that the current distance between the current point a and the current point B meets the welding requirement, the current distance is determined to be the target distance, that is, the target distance is 2mm. If the calculated minimum distance L is less than 1mm, it indicates that the arc 620 and the metal vapor caused by the laser beam 500 are coupled, at this time, the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 needs to be moved by a preset distance step length in the opposite direction of the welding direction to increase the current distance between the point a and the point B, a new current distance is obtained after adjustment, at this time, the value of the current distance is changed to 4mm, the time length of waiting for Δ t is obtained, the process to be welded enters a steady state, at this time, the minimum distance L between the arc area of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the point a in the welding direction is calculated again, if the calculated minimum distance L is greater than or equal to 1mm at this time, the current distance is determined to be the target distance, that is, the target distance is 4mm, if the calculated minimum distance L is still less than 1mm at this time, the current distance is increased by a preset distance again on the basis of 4mm, the time length of waiting for Δ t is obtained, the process to enter the steady state, the minimum distance L between the arc area of the argon tungsten-arc area of the point 610 and the point a similar to the minimum distance is calculated again, and the minimum distance L is determined until the minimum distance L is satisfied, and the minimum distance L is greater than or equal to be equal to 1mm at this time.
It should be noted that, in the actual welding process, because the range of the target distance between the point a and the point B cannot be accurately determined, and the minimum distance L in the range is greater than or equal to the preset distance, a smaller value is determined for the distance between the point a and the point B at the initial time, and then the distance between the point a and the point B is slowly increased until the requirement is met, so that the range of the distance between the point a and the point B at the initial time is limited to be within 3 mm.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S113, the minimum distance L between the arc region and the point a in the welding direction is calculated, and the specific calculation steps are as follows:
step S113a, an image of the molten pool 420 and the arc 620 is taken from the side of the welding direction using a camera.
Step S113b, processes the image and determines the value of the minimum distance L.
In this embodiment, the image taken by the camera is the image shown in fig. 5, the image can be processed by the computer, the minimum distance L from the arc region to the point a in the welding direction is calculated, and the output value is the value of the minimum distance L.
In an embodiment of the invention, the adjusting the arc 620 of the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610 in the step S200 includes the following steps:
step S210, adjusting the welding current of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 to enable the maximum height Z of the molten pool 420 exceeding the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded to be smaller than or equal to a preset height.
In this embodiment, the state of the arc 620 of the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610 may be changed by adjusting the welding current of the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610.
In the welding process, when the welding current is too small, the arc force and the arc heat are weak, and the arc 620 cannot effectively regulate and control the behavior of the molten pool 420 to inhibit the hump defect; when the welding current is too large, the arc 620 is too large, which tends to cause the arc 620 to be too close to the laser beam 500, and thus the arc 620 and the metal vapor caused by the laser beam 500 are coupled, and the hump defect cannot be suppressed.
Therefore, in order to suppress the hump defect, the value of the welding current needs to ensure that the maximum distance Z of the molten pool 420 higher than the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is less than or equal to a preset height, and the preset height is less than or equal to 0.2mm during welding, so that the hump defect can be suppressed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting the welding current of the argon tungsten arc welding gun 610 in step S210 includes executing the following steps of determining a target welding current based on the current welding current:
step S211, calculating the maximum height Z of the molten pool 420 exceeding the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded, and comparing the maximum height Z with the preset height;
step S212, if the maximum height Z is smaller than or equal to the preset height, determining that the preset welding current is the target welding current;
step S213, if the maximum height Z is greater than the preset height, increasing the current welding current by a preset current step length to re-determine the current welding current, and executing the target distance determining step until the minimum distance L is greater than or equal to the preset distance, executing the target welding current determining step.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the current welding current may be 30A, the preset height is less than or equal to 0.2mm, for example, the preset height may be 0.1mm, and the preset current step size is 10A to 50A, for example, the preset current step size may be 30A.
Then, the laser welding gun and the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 are started and the target welding current determining step is executed:
and calculating the maximum height Z of the part of the molten pool 420 higher than the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded from the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded, and if the calculated maximum height Z is less than or equal to 0.1mm, which indicates that the welding requirement is met when the welding current is 30A, determining that the current welding current is the target welding current, wherein the value of the target welding current is 30A.
If the calculated maximum height Z is greater than 0.1mm, it is determined that the arc 620 force and the arc 620 are not hot enough, and the value of the welding current needs to be increased, at this time, a preset current step is added on the basis that the current welding current is 30A, a new current welding current is obtained after the current welding current is added, at this time, the current welding current becomes 60A, and after the current welding current is increased, the arc area becomes large, so that the duration of Δ t is waited, the process to be welded enters a steady state, the target distance determining step is executed again until the value of the minimum distance L is greater than or equal to the preset distance, and at this time, the maximum height Z of the part of the molten pool 420 higher than the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded from the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is calculated again.
If the maximum height Z calculated at this time is less than or equal to 0.1mm, it is determined that the current welding current is the target welding current, i.e., the target welding current is 60A. If the calculated maximum height Z is still larger than 0.1mm, the current welding current is increased by the preset current step length again on the basis of 60A, the time length of delta t is waited, the process to be welded enters a steady state, the target distance determining step and the target welding current determining step are executed again until the maximum height Z is smaller than or equal to 0.1mm, and the target welding current is determined.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the step S211, described above, calculates the maximum height Z of the melt pool 420 beyond the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded. The specific calculation steps are as follows:
step S211a, the image of the molten pool 420 and the arc 620 is photographed from the side of the welding direction using the camera.
Step S211b, processes the image and determines the value of the maximum height Z.
The image taken by the camera, such as the image shown in fig. 5, can be processed by a computer, and the maximum height Z of the part of the molten pool 420 higher than the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded from the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is calculated, and the obtained value is the value of Z.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to provide a strong arc force and arc heat, the perpendicular distance H between the welding end of the TIG welding gun 610 and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is less than or equal to 2mm.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in order to provide a large arc force in the welding direction, the included angle α between the axis of the tig welding gun 610 and the surface of the workpiece 410 to be welded is 0 ° to 50 °, and the top of the tig welding gun 610 is inclined in the opposite direction to the welding direction.
In an embodiment of the invention, in the method for suppressing the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc co-melting pool, the moving speed of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun 610 and the laser welding gun along the welding direction can be more than 10m/min.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for inhibiting hump defects in high-speed welding based on non-coupling of a laser arc co-melting pool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adjusting the distance between an argon tungsten-arc welding gun and a laser welding gun to enable the minimum distance L between an electric arc area and a point A along the welding direction to be larger than or equal to a preset distance, wherein the electric arc area is an area occupied by electric arcs generated by the argon tungsten-arc welding gun, the point A is an intersection point of laser beams generated by the laser welding gun and a workpiece to be welded, and the argon tungsten-arc welding gun is positioned behind the laser welding gun along the welding direction;
adjusting the electric arc of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun to enable the maximum height Z of the molten pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded to be smaller than or equal to a preset height;
and the moving speed of the laser welding gun and the tungsten electrode argon arc welding gun along the welding direction is more than ten meters per minute.
2. The method for suppressing the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc co-melting pool according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting the distance between the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the laser welding gun comprises:
and adjusting the distance between the point B and the point A to ensure that the minimum distance L between the point A and the arc area along the welding direction is greater than or equal to the preset distance, wherein the point B is the intersection point of the axis of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded.
3. The method for suppressing the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc co-melting pool according to claim 2, wherein the adjusting the distance between the point B and the point A comprises the following steps:
determining the current distance between the point A and the point B, and determining the current welding current of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun;
based on the present distance and the present welding current, performing the following target distance determination steps:
calculating the minimum distance L between the arc area and the point A along the welding direction, and comparing the minimum distance L with the preset distance;
if the minimum distance L is larger than or equal to the preset distance, determining the current distance as the target distance;
and if the minimum distance L is smaller than the preset distance, increasing the current distance by a preset distance step length to re-determine the current distance, and re-executing the target distance determining step.
4. The method for suppressing the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc co-melting pool according to claim 3, wherein the step of calculating the minimum distance L between the arc area and the point A along the welding direction comprises the following steps:
capturing images of the weld puddle and the arc from a side of a welding direction using a camera;
the image is processed and the value of the minimum distance L is determined.
5. The method for suppressing the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc co-melting pool according to claim 3, wherein the adjusting the arc of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun comprises the following steps:
and adjusting the welding current of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun to ensure that the maximum height Z of the molten pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded is less than or equal to the preset height.
6. The method for suppressing the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc co-melting pool according to claim 5, wherein the adjusting the welding current of the argon tungsten arc welding gun comprises executing the following target welding current determination steps based on the current welding current:
calculating the maximum height Z of the molten pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and comparing the maximum height Z with the preset height;
if the maximum height Z is smaller than or equal to the preset height, determining that the current welding current is the target welding current;
and if the maximum height Z is larger than the preset height, increasing the current welding current by a preset current step length to re-determine the current welding current, and executing the target distance determining step until the minimum distance L is larger than or equal to the preset distance, and executing the target welding current determining step.
7. The method for suppressing the hump defect in high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc co-melting pool according to claim 6, wherein the calculating the maximum height Z of the melting pool exceeding the surface of the workpiece to be welded comprises the following steps:
using a camera to capture images of the weld pool and the arc from the side of the welding direction;
the image is processed and the value of the maximum height Z is determined.
8. The hump defect suppression method for high-speed welding based on laser arc co-melting pool decoupling according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the vertical distance H between the welding end of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is less than or equal to 2mm.
9. The method for suppressing the hump defect in the high-speed welding based on the decoupling of the laser arc molten pool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the value of an included angle alpha between the axial direction of the argon tungsten-arc welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is between 0 and 50 degrees.
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