CN114451427B - 一种含有印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的农药杀虫剂 - Google Patents

一种含有印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的农药杀虫剂 Download PDF

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CN114451427B
CN114451427B CN202210161018.4A CN202210161018A CN114451427B CN 114451427 B CN114451427 B CN 114451427B CN 202210161018 A CN202210161018 A CN 202210161018A CN 114451427 B CN114451427 B CN 114451427B
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毛堂富
金立
汪涵
郑芬
魏敬怀
梅永洁
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种复配农药杀虫剂及其应用，该复配农药杀虫剂主要由印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜两种活性成分组成，印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜复配能够产生增效作用，该复配农药杀虫剂对玫瑰花蓟马具有良好的防治效果，而且用量少，成本低，不会对玫瑰安全性和产量造成影响。

Description

一种含有印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的农药杀虫剂
技术领域
本发明属于农药复配技术领域，具体涉及一种含有印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的农药杀虫剂及其应用。
技术背景
玫瑰花蓟马，缨翅目蓟马科，以成虫和若虫锉吸玫瑰的叶片，花蕾，果实等幼嫩组织，被害的嫩叶嫩梢变硬变茧，卷曲枯萎，植株生长缓慢，节间缩短，甚至可以形成虫瘿，严重影响园林作物的观赏价值和经济价值。更为严重的是蓟马还能传播病毒病，对农业生产造成灾难性破坏的斑萎病毒、坏死斑病毒，近几年在我国流行的褪绿斑病毒也是由蓟马传播。玫瑰花蓟马前些年发生较少，近两年发展极快，对玫瑰危害极大，严重时造成绝收。
印楝籽提取物，属于四环三萜类化合物，以印楝种仁粉为原料制备。印楝籽提取物可以直接或间接通过破坏昆虫口器的化学感应器官产生拒食作用，也可以通过作用于中肠消化酶使得食物的营养转换不足，影响昆虫的生命力。高剂量的印楝素可以直接杀死昆虫，低剂量则致使出现永久性幼虫，或畸形的蛹、成虫等。印楝籽提取物还可以通过抑制脑神经分泌细胞对促前胸腺激素的合成与释放，进而影响前胸腺对蜕皮甾类的合成和释放，以及咽侧体对保幼激素的合成和释放，昆虫血淋巴内保幼激素正常浓度水平的破坏使得昆虫卵成熟所需要的卵黄原蛋白合成不足而导致不育。
松脂酸铜是一种广谱的有机铜制剂，铜制剂杀虫主要是依靠植物表面水的酸化，促使铜制剂药物逐步释放铜离子，铜离子与靶标表面的阳离子交换，使细胞膜上蛋白质凝固，同时部分铜离子渗透到细胞内与胞内蛋白质中的-SH、-COOH、-N2H、-OH等基团结合，影响蛋白酶活性，起到抑制靶标的作用。
印楝籽提取物对鳞翅目害虫活性较高，松脂酸铜主要应用于植物病害防治，二者对同翅目害虫的活性尚无深入研究，印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的复配目前尚无报道。将不同药剂进行组合，组合效果并不确定，可能产生增效作用，也可能产生拮抗作用，且不同药剂的组合对于不同虫害的效果也是不确定地。
发明内容
一种含有印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的农药杀虫剂：
该农药杀虫剂由印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜两种活性成分组成，印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的质量比为1～5：16～20；
该农药杀虫剂中印楝籽提取物的含量为1％～10％，松脂酸铜的含量为1％～50％；
该农药杀虫剂中还包括分散剂2％～15％、湿润剂2％～7％、增稠剂0.1％～1.5％、防腐剂1％～5.5％、抗冻剂1％～6.5％，余量为水；
该农药杀虫剂主要应用于防治玫瑰花蓟马。
本发明的有益技术效果体现在：本发明通过配比优化，获得印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的复配制剂对玫瑰花蓟马的共毒系数最高可达到650.832，LC50为1.6590mg/L，LC90为8.9089mg/L，而且复配制剂对玫瑰安全，不会产生矮化、褪绿、畸形等药害症状。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例，对本发明做进一步说明，本发明的特点和优点将随着描述而更清楚，但示例性的实施例仅仅用来说明本发明，并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。
实施例1
根据农药室内生物测定试验准则NY/T 1156.12-2008、NY/T1156.6-2006，通过测定印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜按照不同比例复配后对玫瑰花蓟马的防治效果，筛选印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的最优配比。
玫瑰花蓟马由安徽丰乐农化有限公司生测室提供，室内用人工饲料饲养繁殖，以室内饲养繁殖的第十代3龄幼虫为试虫；试验药剂为印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜原药，以及印楝籽提取物：松脂酸铜混合比例分别为1:20、2:19、3:18、4:17、5:16的组合。制剂配制浓度及测定结果见表1和表2。
表1印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜试验配比表
Figure BDA0003514687230000031
表2印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜不同配比活性检测结果表
Figure BDA0003514687230000041
根据检测结果可知，印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜在试验配比下对玫瑰花蓟马均表现为增效作用，其中印楝籽提取物:松脂酸铜为3:18时增效作用最高，共毒系数为650.832，LC50为1.6590mg/L、LC90为8.9089mg/L。
实施例2
田间药效试验。药效试验地位于云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所温室大棚，水肥条件良好，玫瑰植株长势旺盛，蓟马发生严重。试验设6个处理，每个处理4次重复，合计为24个小区，每个试验小区的面积约为24m2，区组间和小区间设隔离沟道，四周设保护行。进行药效试验时，采用随机区组排列，先按表3分别配好药液，并按试验设计排列好小区，用新加坡利农16型喷雾器对玫瑰蓟马进行均匀喷雾防治，喷雾重点是玫瑰花朵，每小区随机标记20株玫瑰花朵，在施药前和药后第10天，采用以白色瓷盘轻拍的方法，分别调查每朵已标记玫瑰花上的蓟马数量。
表3各药剂试验用量表
Figure BDA0003514687230000051
表4不同药剂处理对玫瑰花蓟马的防治效果
Figure BDA0003514687230000052
根据表4结果可知，2.5％印楝籽提取物+15％松脂酸铜制剂用药量为10毫升/亩的防治效果最好，防效为在86.70％，显著优于两个对照药剂防效。经田间观察,上述供试药剂和对照药剂处理，都对试验作物玫瑰安全，没有发现如矮化、褪绿、畸形等药害症状。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，本发明的内容，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种含有印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的农药杀虫剂，其特征在于：该农药杀虫剂的活性成分由印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜组成，印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的质量比为1～5：16～20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的农药杀虫剂，其特征在于：该农药杀虫剂中印楝籽提取物的含量为1％～10％，松脂酸铜的含量为1％～50％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有印楝籽提取物和松脂酸铜的农药杀虫剂，其特征在于：该农药杀虫剂中还包括分散剂2％～15％、湿润剂2％～7％、增稠剂0.1％～1.5％、防腐剂1％～5.5％、抗冻剂1％～6.5％，余量为水。
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