CN114451118B - Unmanned aerial vehicle-based uniform spike fertilizer application method for rice - Google Patents
Unmanned aerial vehicle-based uniform spike fertilizer application method for rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN114451118B CN114451118B CN202210261290.XA CN202210261290A CN114451118B CN 114451118 B CN114451118 B CN 114451118B CN 202210261290 A CN202210261290 A CN 202210261290A CN 114451118 B CN114451118 B CN 114451118B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a uniform spike fertilizer application method for rice based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the steps of performing sub-unit management division according to the transverse width of the unmanned aerial vehicle fertilizer application, and calculating the uniformity of multispectral values of all cells by combining multispectral. And (4) calculating the nitrogen application amount of different cells according to the nitrogen application amount set by the yield target and the uniformity, and adjusting the flight speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle to realize variable fertilization on the basis of determining the functional relationship between the fertilizer application amount and the flight speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The invention aims to meet the development requirements of light simplification and intellectualization of the current agriculture and avoid the problems of high labor cost, large fertilizing amount, low fertilizer utilization efficiency and the like in the application process of producing the panicle fertilizer for rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural operation, in particular to a uniform spike fertilizer application method for rice based on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Background
With the development of social economy and the acceleration of population aging speed, rice production gradually goes to scale and intellectualization. In the rice production process, the application of the tiller fertilizer can be mechanically replaced, and the problems of rough application, uneven application of the fertilizer, large application amount of the fertilizer, high labor cost and the like of the spike fertilizer are obvious at present. At present, although a mode of fertilizing by using an unmanned aerial vehicle is provided, the fertilizing mode of the unmanned aerial vehicle does not determine the fertilizing amount according to the growth characteristics of rice groups, and the purpose of quantitative fertilization is not achieved. Some scholars have proposed monitoring methods for rice populations, but not well coupled with fertilization.
Based on the problems existing in the application process of the rice panicle fertilizer, the problems can be effectively solved only by integrating the growth monitoring and the fertilization processes of the rice and realizing the matching butt joint of the two.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle-based method for uniformly applying panicle fertilizer to rice, which aims to meet the current development requirements of light simplification and intellectualization of agriculture and avoid the problems of high labor cost, large fertilizing amount, low fertilizer utilization efficiency and the like in the application process of panicle fertilizer in rice production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an unmanned aerial vehicle-based method for uniformly applying spike fertilizer to rice comprises the following steps:
s1: the horizontal width of the fertilization of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for dividing the rice sub-unit area, the number of the sub-units is obtained based on the rice planting area, the unmanned aerial vehicle carries out multispectral shooting, and the fertilizing amount required by the sub-unit area is calculated according to the fertilizer requirement of a unit field block and the multispectral distribution uniformity;
s2: and setting an advancing route of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the arrangement of the sub-units, and adjusting the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the relation between the fertilizing amount required by the area of the sub-units and the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle to finish variable fertilization.
Preferably, the horizontal width of the unmanned aerial vehicle fertilizer application is consistent with the width in a sub-unit area, and is 1.5-1.8 m, the longitudinal length in the sub-unit area is 2-3 m, and the height of multispectral shooting is generally 5-10 m.
Preferably, the fertilizing amount of the whole paddy field is set according to the yield requirement.
Preferably, the multi-spectral data and the fertilizing amount required by the sub-unit area have the following relationship:
wherein X NDVI Is the value of the spectral NDVI of the current sub-unit,
is the average of the sub-unit spectra NDVI values.
Preferably, S2 specifically includes:
constructing a relation between the fertilizing amount required by the sub-unit area and the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle before fertilizing according to the characteristics of the used fertilizer, constructing a curve relation between the fertilizing amount of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the flying speed within the same distance, and setting on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the advancing route of the unmanned aerial vehicle is subjected to GPS positioning and setting according to the set subunit arrangement, and after the speed is calculated according to the longitudinal length of the subunits, the unmanned aerial vehicle realizes automatic variable fertilization.
Preferably, the relation between the fertilizing amount required in the sub-unit area and the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows:
y＝5.8915x 2 -24.284x+43.545
wherein x represents the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and y represents the fertilizing amount required in the sub-unit area.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a method for uniformly applying the panicle fertilizer to the rice based on the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of a variable rate fertilization method for rice based on an unmanned aerial vehicle;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of transverse fertilization breadth of the fertilizing unmanned aerial vehicle in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the forward speed and nitrogen application of the UAV;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the multi-spectral distribution of rice field subunits;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of multi-spectral distribution of rice field subunits after variable rate fertilization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a uniform spike fertilizer application method for rice based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: the number of the sub-units in the unit area of the rice is defined according to the transverse width of the fertilizing unmanned aerial vehicle and the planting area of the rice, the multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle is used for low-altitude shooting, the fertilizing amount required by the unit area of the sub-units is calculated according to the relation between multispectral data and the content of crop fertilizers, and the integration of unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring and fertilizer application area is achieved.
S2: and setting an advancing route of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the set sub-unit arrangement, and adjusting the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the relation between the fertilizing amount required by the sub-unit area and the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle to finish variable fertilization.
The step S1 comprises the following characteristics:
the fertilizing unmanned aerial vehicle has a multispectral monitoring function, a GPS positioning function and an automatic speed adjusting function.
The horizontal width of fertilization of the fertilization unmanned aerial vehicle is consistent with the width of a crop sub unit area, and is generally 1.5-1.8 m, and the longitudinal length of the crop sub unit area is generally set to be 2-3 m.
The height of multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude shooting is generally 5-10 m.
And measuring the unit fertilization amount according to the NDVI value measured by the multispectral measurement and the set target fertilization amount.
The step S2 comprises the following characteristics:
s21: the curve construction of the fertilizer demand required by the sub unit area and the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is carried out before fertilization according to the characteristics of the used fertilizer, 10 gradients are set, the curve relation between the fertilization amount and the speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is constructed within the same distance, and the curve relation is set in the unmanned aerial vehicle.
S22: the advancing route of the unmanned aerial vehicle is subjected to GPS positioning and setting according to the set subunit arrangement, and after the speed is calculated according to the longitudinal length of the subunits, the unmanned aerial vehicle realizes automatic variable fertilization.
The specific process of the present invention applied to the top dressing of rice spike fertilizer will be specifically described below:
s1: firstly, calculating the average NDVI value of a subunit according to the NDVI value, and calculating the fertilizing amount of the subunit area according to the change ratio between the NDVI value of the subunit area and the average NDVI value and the target fertilizing amount.
S2: before fertilization, a distance of 20m is set, and the fertilizer application amount under different speeds (1 m/s,2m/s,3m/s,4m/s,5m/s and 6 m/s) is determined by a weighing method, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio in the fertilizer is 25:15:15, the function relationship of the speed and the fertilizing amount per unit area is shown in figure 3.
S3: in the application of the embodiment, the adopted variety is Yongyou 1540, mechanical transplanting is performed, the planting specification is 30 x 18cm, when the unmanned aerial vehicle is applied to an actual field, the unmanned aerial vehicle shown in fig. 2 is adopted, the fertilization height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 2.5-3 m, the transverse width of fertilizer application is 1.5m, a field block with the transverse width of 15m and the longitudinal width of 60m is divided, and the total fertilizer application amount is 20 kilograms. As shown in fig. 4, divisionInto 200 sub-units. The area of each subunit is 4.5m 2 。
S4: and (3) monitoring the 5 m-height flight of the field by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, calculating the NDVI value of each subunit area, and calculating the NDVI value of each subunit according to a function curve. And calculating the fertilizing amount of each cell according to the difference between the NDVI value of the subunit and the average NDVI value. As shown in fig. 4, the average NDVI value of 200 cells is 0.3894, and the fertilizing amount of each cell is shown in table 1 according to the NDVI calculation of each cell.
S5: utilize GPS location according to the concrete rate of fertilizer application of subunit, set for unmanned aerial vehicle flight route, set for unmanned aerial vehicle flying speed after, accomplish variable fertilization, make the nitrogen fertilizer distribution degree of consistency of colony effectively promote, realize the purpose of accurate even fertilization. As shown in fig. 5, the NDVI values of the cells after 10 days of fertilization are shown in table 1, and the variation coefficient of the NDVI values of the cells is calculated, and it can be found that the variation coefficient is significantly reduced after fertilization by the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the purpose of uniform fertilization is achieved.
TABLE 1 fertilizing amount and NDVI value before and after fertilizing
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed in the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the description of the method part.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. An unmanned aerial vehicle-based method for uniformly applying spike fertilizer to rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the horizontal width of the fertilization of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for dividing the rice sub-unit area, the number of the sub-units is obtained based on the rice planting area, the unmanned aerial vehicle carries out multispectral shooting, and the fertilizing amount required by the sub-unit area is calculated according to the fertilizer requirement of a unit field block and the multispectral distribution uniformity;
s2: setting an advancing route of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the arrangement of the subunits, adjusting the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the relationship between the fertilizing amount required by the subunit area and the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle to finish variable rate fertilization,
the multi-spectral data and the fertilizing amount needed by the sub-unit area have the following relationship:
wherein, X NDVI Is the value of the spectral NDVI of the current sub-unit,
is the average of the values of the sub-unit spectra NDVI,
s2 specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing a relation between the fertilizing amount required by the sub-unit area and the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle before fertilizing according to the characteristics of the used fertilizer, constructing a curve relation between the fertilizing amount of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the flying speed within the same distance, and setting on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the advancing route of the unmanned aerial vehicle is positioned and set by a GPS according to the arrangement of the set subunits, after the speed is calculated according to the longitudinal length of the subunits, the unmanned aerial vehicle realizes automatic variable fertilization,
the relationship between the fertilizing amount required by the sub unit area and the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows:
y＝5.8915x 2 -24.284x+43.545
wherein x represents the advancing speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and y represents the fertilizing amount required in the sub-unit area.
2. The unmanned aerial vehicle-based uniform spike fertilization method for rice according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal width of fertilization by the unmanned aerial vehicle is consistent with the width in the sub-unit area and is 1.5 m-1.8 m, the longitudinal length in the sub-unit area is 2 m-3 m, and the height of multispectral shooting is generally 5 m-10 m.
3. The unmanned aerial vehicle-based uniform spike fertilizer application method for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizing amount in the whole rice field is set according to yield requirements.
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