CN114448473A - Two-stage beam forming method - Google Patents

Two-stage beam forming method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114448473A
CN114448473A CN202210215766.6A CN202210215766A CN114448473A CN 114448473 A CN114448473 A CN 114448473A CN 202210215766 A CN202210215766 A CN 202210215766A CN 114448473 A CN114448473 A CN 114448473A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
polarized
beam forming
array
matrix
beamforming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210215766.6A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蒋轶
李峰杰
杜城
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fudan University
Original Assignee
Fudan University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fudan University filed Critical Fudan University
Priority to CN202210215766.6A priority Critical patent/CN114448473A/en
Publication of CN114448473A publication Critical patent/CN114448473A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a two-stage beam forming method. The two-stage beam forming method comprises the steps of carrying out space-time block coding on a data stream to be transmitted to obtain a coded data stream; constructing a two-stage beam forming matrix corresponding to the uniform rectangular antenna array; and performing beamforming on the coded data stream through the two-stage beamforming matrix to generate a signal to be transmitted of the uniform rectangular antenna array. Compared with the traditional directional beam forming method which is directly applied, the method of the invention can realize the high-reliability and high-efficiency transmission of the public signals, because the main lobe width of the beam is widened, the coverage angle area is enlarged, the beam scanning times are reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the public signals is improved; compared with the direct application of the omnidirectional beam forming, the method has the advantages that certain beam gain is obtained, the transmission reliability of the public signals is improved, and therefore the performance of the whole network is improved.

Description

Two-stage beam forming method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a two-stage beam forming method.
Background
Large-scale antennas are one of the key technologies for realizing 5G commercial use. In order to realize the productization of a large-scale antenna, the antenna is more prone to use a uniform rectangular array. For a base station with a uniform rectangular antenna array, realizing the transmission of common signals is one of the key factors for improving the overall network performance. Therefore, how to realize high-reliability and high-efficiency transmission of public signals under a uniform rectangular antenna array by a base station is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a two-stage beam forming method, and aims to solve the technical problem that a base station in the prior art cannot realize high-reliability and high-efficiency transmission of public signals under a uniform rectangular antenna array.
The two-stage beam forming method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
performing space-time block coding on a data stream to be transmitted to obtain a coded data stream;
secondly, constructing a two-stage beam forming matrix corresponding to the uniform rectangular antenna array through the omnidirectional beam forming matrix and the directional beam forming matrix; wherein:
the uniform rectangular antenna array is composed of L multiplied by M antennas, L is a row of the uniform rectangular antenna array, M is a column of the uniform rectangular antenna array, and the uniform rectangular antenna array is in a space angle
Figure BDA0003534529150000011
The corresponding calculation formula of the array response vector is as follows:
Figure BDA0003534529150000012
forl＝1，2，…，L；m＝1，2，…，M；
Figure BDA0003534529150000013
wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000014
representing a uniform rectangular antenna arrayThe array response vector is the response capability of the antenna in the uniform rectangular antenna array to a directional wave, any point in a plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located is taken as a coordinate origin, the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located is taken as an xoy plane, and a spatial rectangular coordinate system is established by taking a normal vector of the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located as a z-axis,
Figure BDA0003534529150000015
the included angle between the emission direction of the signal to be emitted and the z axis in the space rectangular coordinate system is represented, theta represents the included angle between the projection of the emission direction of the signal to be emitted on the xoy plane in the space rectangular coordinate system and the x axis, lambda represents the wavelength of the signal to be emitted, and dxRepresents the distance between two adjacent antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array in the x direction, dyRepresenting the distance between two adjacent antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array in the y direction;
assuming a set of omni-directional beamforming matrices as
Figure BDA0003534529150000021
Wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000022
the set of matrices
Figure BDA0003534529150000023
The formula for calculating the autocorrelation is:
Figure BDA0003534529150000024
-Q+1≤τ≤Q-1
wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000025
represents the amount of translation in the y-direction, and τ represents the amount of translation in the x-direction, (·)*Represents a conjugation;
Figure BDA0003534529150000026
representing a complex field, P, Q respectively representing an omnidirectional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000027
N represents the number of omnidirectional beamforming matrices;
the set of matrices
Figure BDA0003534529150000028
The following conditions are satisfied:
Figure BDA0003534529150000029
wherein the matrix set
Figure BDA00035345291500000210
Is (P, Q, N) -ACM, i.e., an autocorrelation complementary matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000211
and δ (τ) are both kronecker functions, i.e.
Figure BDA00035345291500000212
When N is 2, (P, Q, N) -ACM is a pair of golay complementary matrices.
Assuming a directional beamforming matrix of
Figure BDA00035345291500000213
Wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500000214
the directional beamforming matrix is:
Figure BDA00035345291500000215
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500000216
representing directional beamforming matrices
Figure BDA00035345291500000217
The element at (r, c); r and C respectively represent directional beam forming matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500000218
Rows and columns.
Assuming a two-stage beamforming matrix set for beamforming the uniform rectangular antenna array as
Figure BDA00035345291500000219
The two-stage beam forming matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA00035345291500000220
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500000221
in order to direct the beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000222
in order to provide an omni-directional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000223
Figure BDA00035345291500000224
L＝RP，M＝CQ，
Figure BDA00035345291500000225
representing a kronecker product operation.
And performing beamforming on the coded data stream through the two-stage beamforming matrix to generate a signal to be transmitted of the uniform rectangular antenna array.
Preferably, the data stream (signal) to be transmitted is:
Figure BDA00035345291500000226
wherein X (t) represents a signal to be transmitted, integer t is an index of a time domain,
Figure BDA0003534529150000031
denotes sn(t), wherein N is 1.
The other technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a two-stage beamforming method, comprising:
a first beam forming matrix corresponding to a first polarized antenna subarray is constructed, beam forming is carried out on a data stream to be transmitted through the first beam forming matrix to obtain a first polarized signal, and the first polarized signal is transmitted through the first polarized antenna subarray;
(II) constructing a second beam forming matrix corresponding to a second polarized antenna subarray, carrying out beam forming on the data stream to be transmitted through the second beam forming matrix to obtain a second polarized signal, and transmitting the second polarized signal through the second polarized antenna subarray
Wherein the first polarized antenna subarray and the second polarized antenna subarray are in an orthogonal relationship.
Preferably, the first polarized antenna subarray is a left polarized antenna subarray, the first beamforming matrix is a left polarized beamforming matrix, the second polarized antenna subarray is a right polarized antenna subarray, and the second beamforming matrix is a right polarized beamforming matrix; or; the first polarized antenna subarray is a horizontal polarized antenna subarray, the first beam forming matrix is a horizontal polarized beam forming matrix, the second polarized antenna subarray is a vertical polarized antenna subarray, and the second beam forming matrix is a vertical polarized beam forming matrix.
Preferably, a left polarized beam forming matrix corresponding to the left polarized antenna sub-array and a right polarized beam forming matrix corresponding to the right polarized antenna sub-array are constructed by a pair of gray complementary matrices and directional beam forming matrices, wherein the first beam forming matrix is the left polarized beam forming matrix, and the second beam forming matrix is the right polarized beam forming matrix.
Preferably, the left polarized beamforming matrix and the right polarized beamforming matrix are:
Figure BDA0003534529150000032
Figure BDA0003534529150000033
wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000034
representing a left polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000035
representing a right polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000036
and
Figure BDA0003534529150000037
is a pair of gray complementary matrixes,
Figure BDA0003534529150000038
a directional beamforming matrix is represented and,
Figure BDA0003534529150000039
Figure BDA00035345291500000310
representing a kronecker product operation.
Preferably, the left polarized beamforming matrix and the right polarized beamforming matrix are:
Figure BDA00035345291500000311
Figure BDA00035345291500000312
wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000041
representing a left polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000042
representing a right polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000043
and
Figure BDA0003534529150000044
is a pair of gray complementary matrixes,
Figure BDA0003534529150000045
a directional beamforming matrix is represented and,
Figure BDA0003534529150000046
Figure BDA0003534529150000047
representing a kronecker product operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the two-stage beamforming method, the coded data stream is obtained by performing space-time block coding on the data stream to be transmitted; constructing a two-stage beam forming matrix corresponding to the uniform rectangular antenna array; and performing beamforming on the coded data stream through the two-stage beamforming matrix to generate a signal to be transmitted of the uniform rectangular antenna array. Compared with the traditional directional beam forming which is directly applied, the method has the advantages that the main lobe width of the beam is widened, the coverage angle area is enlarged, the beam scanning times are reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the public signal is improved; compared with the direct application of the omnidirectional beam forming, the method obtains certain beam gain, improves the transmission reliability of the public signal and further improves the performance of the whole network.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a two-stage beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a uniform rectangular antenna array according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fully-connected beamforming structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a spatial beam pattern of a directional beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a spatial beam pattern of a two-stage beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention (antenna grouping scheme R-12, C-10);
fig. 6 is a spatial beam pattern of a two-stage beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention (antenna grouping scheme R-4, C-4).
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of a two-stage beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial connection beamforming structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In addition, "and/or" in the whole text includes three schemes, taking a and/or B as an example, including a technical scheme, and a technical scheme that a and B meet simultaneously; in addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment, a two-stage beamforming method is provided, which is applied to a base station, and the two-stage beamforming method specifically includes the following steps:
s100, performing space-time block coding on the data stream to be transmitted to obtain a coded data stream.
Specifically, the base station performs space-time block coding on the data stream, and the obtained coded data stream is:
[s1(t)，s2(t)，...，sn(t)]T，
wherein s isn(t) is the element at space-time block coding (n, t), t is the time index, (-)TIs a transpose operation.
S200, constructing a two-stage beam forming matrix corresponding to the uniform rectangular antenna array.
In one embodiment, the uniform rectangular antenna array is composed of L × M antennas, L is a row of the uniform rectangular antenna array, and M is a column of the uniform rectangular antenna array, the uniform rectangular antenna array being spatially angled
Figure BDA0003534529150000051
The corresponding calculation formula of the array response vector is as follows:
Figure BDA0003534529150000052
forl＝1，2，…，L；m＝1，2，…，M；
Figure BDA0003534529150000053
wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000054
an array response vector of the uniform rectangular antenna array is represented, and the array response vector is the response capability of the antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array to a certain directional wave. As shown in fig. 2, a spatial rectangular coordinate system is established by using any point in the plane of the uniform rectangular antenna array as the origin of coordinates, using the plane of the uniform rectangular antenna array as the xoy plane and using the normal vector of the plane of the uniform rectangular antenna array as the z-axis,
Figure BDA0003534529150000055
the included angle between the emission direction of the signal to be emitted and the z axis in the space rectangular coordinate system is represented, theta represents the included angle between the projection of the emission direction of the signal to be emitted on the xoy plane in the space rectangular coordinate system and the x axis, lambda represents the wavelength of the signal to be emitted, and dxDenotes the distance in the x-direction between two adjacent antennas in a uniform rectangular antenna array, dyRepresenting two adjacent antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array at yDistance in the direction.
Definition of
Figure BDA0003534529150000061
And
Figure BDA0003534529150000062
the following were used:
Figure BDA0003534529150000063
Figure BDA0003534529150000064
about the angle of space
Figure BDA0003534529150000065
Array response of
Figure BDA0003534529150000066
According to equation 2, the following can be rewritten:
Figure BDA0003534529150000067
assuming a set of omni-directional beamforming matrices as
Figure BDA0003534529150000068
Wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000069
the set of matrices
Figure BDA00035345291500000610
The formula for calculating the autocorrelation is:
Figure BDA00035345291500000611
-Q+1≤τ≤Q-1， (4)
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500000612
represents the amount of translation in the y-direction, and τ represents the amount of translation in the x-direction, (. DEG)*Representing conjugation.
The set of matrices
Figure BDA00035345291500000613
Satisfying the condition of formula (5):
Figure BDA00035345291500000614
wherein the matrix set
Figure BDA00035345291500000615
Is (P, Q, N) -ACM, i.e., Autocorrelation Complementary Matrix (ACM),
Figure BDA00035345291500000616
and δ (τ) are both kronecker functions, i.e.
Figure BDA00035345291500000617
When N is 2, (L, M, N) -ACM is a pair of Golay Complementary Matrices (GCMs).
Assuming a directional beamforming matrix of
Figure BDA00035345291500000618
Wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500000619
the directional beamforming matrix is:
Figure BDA00035345291500000620
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500000621
representing directional beamforming matrices
Figure BDA00035345291500000622
The element at (r, c).
In one example, the set of two-stage beamforming matrices for beamforming the uniform rectangular antenna array is
Figure BDA00035345291500000623
The two-stage beam forming matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA00035345291500000624
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500000625
in order to direct the beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000626
in order to provide an omni-directional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000627
Figure BDA0003534529150000071
L＝RP，M＝CQ，
Figure BDA0003534529150000072
representing a kronecker product operation.
In one example, if and only if the two-stage beamforming matrix satisfies
Figure BDA0003534529150000073
Wherein N is 1, N, L is RP, M is CQ,
Figure BDA0003534529150000074
representing a Crohn's product operation, compared to RCThe antenna array with root power of 1 directly performs directional beam forming at space angle
Figure BDA0003534529150000075
Average received power of UE terminal
Figure BDA0003534529150000076
PQ is increased by a factor of two.
The following was demonstrated:
order to
Figure BDA0003534529150000077
And
Figure BDA0003534529150000078
and substituted into the angle in space
Figure BDA0003534529150000079
Average received power of UE terminal
Figure BDA00035345291500000710
The derivation process is as follows:
Figure BDA00035345291500000711
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500000712
is shown in space angle
Figure BDA00035345291500000713
The UE receives power, and substitutes the formula (3) into the formula (8) to derive the formula (9); satisfying allocation law properties according to a kronecker product transpose
Figure BDA00035345291500000714
Equation (10) can be derived from equation (9); according to the nature of the mixing volume
Figure BDA00035345291500000715
Equation (11) can be derived from equation (10); according to the nature
Figure BDA00035345291500000716
Equation (12) can be derived from equation (11); if it is
Figure BDA00035345291500000717
Equation (15) can be derived from equation (14) by satisfying equation (6); if matrix set
Figure BDA00035345291500000718
To (P, Q, N) -ACM, i.e., satisfy equation 5, equation (16) can be derived from equation (15).
In one embodiment, since the non-zero elements in the two-stage beamforming matrix have constant modulus property, the omni-directional beamforming method can be implemented by using the fully-connected beamforming structure shown in fig. 3.
In one embodiment, for a uniform rectangular antenna array consisting of L x M antennas, the uniform rectangular antenna array is spatially angled
Figure BDA0003534529150000081
The array response vector at (a) can be obtained from equation 1.
Performing space-time block coding on a data stream to be transmitted, wherein the space-time block coding adopts an Almouti code, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003534529150000082
obtaining a pair of beamforming matrices according to the formula (7)
Figure BDA0003534529150000083
A fully connected beamforming structure as shown in fig. 3 may be employed.
Specifically, the fully-connected beam forming structure comprises a first radio frequency link, a second radio frequency link, a first uniform rectangular phase shifter array, a second uniform rectangular phase shifter array and a uniform rectangular antenna array, wherein the first uniform rectangular phase shifter arrayThe rows L and the columns M of the first uniform rectangular phase shifter array, the second uniform rectangular phase shifter array and the uniform rectangular antenna array are the same, the first radio frequency link is respectively connected with each phase shifter in the first uniform rectangular phase shifter array, each phase shifter in the first uniform rectangular phase shifter array is connected with each antenna in the uniform rectangular antenna array in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the second radio frequency link is respectively connected with each phase shifter in the second uniform rectangular phase shifter array, and each phase shifter in the second uniform rectangular phase shifter array is connected with each antenna in the uniform rectangular antenna array in a one-to-one correspondence mode. A first uniform rectangular phase shifter array and the beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000084
Are the same, each phase shifter in the first uniform rectangular phase shifter array passes through the beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000085
The phase of the corresponding element is adjusted. Second uniform rectangular phase shifter array and beamforming matrix as described above
Figure BDA0003534529150000086
Is the same in both rows L and columns M, each phase shifter in the second uniform rectangular phase shifter array passes through the beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000087
The phase of the corresponding element is adjusted.
In one embodiment, for a uniform rectangular antenna array consisting of L x M antennas, the uniform rectangular antenna array is spatially angled
Figure BDA0003534529150000088
The array response vector at (a) can be obtained from equation 1.
Performing space-time block coding on a data stream to be transmitted, wherein the space-time block coding adopts a 4x4 STBC code, and the specific steps are as follows:
Figure BDA0003534529150000089
obtained according to equation 7
Figure BDA00035345291500000810
There are four beamforming matrices, and a fully connected beamforming structure as shown in fig. 3 may be adopted.
S300, performing beamforming on the coded data stream through the two-stage beamforming matrix to generate a signal to be transmitted of the uniform rectangular antenna array.
Specifically, the signal to be sent is:
Figure BDA0003534529150000091
wherein X (t) represents a signal to be transmitted,
Figure BDA0003534529150000093
denotes sn(t), N is 1, …, and N is a positive integer.
In one embodiment, a 24 × 40 uniform rectangular array is assumed, i.e., L is 24 and M is 40, and the spatial angles are selected
Figure BDA0003534529150000092
And as the position of the user terminal, simulating the beam pattern of the two-stage beam forming method. As shown in fig. 4-6, fig. 4 is a directional beamforming scheme, and fig. 5 (antenna grouping scheme R is 12, and C is 10) and fig. 6 (antenna grouping scheme R is 4, and C is 4) are two-stage beamforming schemes, it can be seen that, compared to the directional beamforming scheme, the two-stage beamforming method of the present application can reduce the beam gain and increase the main lobe width of the beam to meet different actual communication requirements by adjusting the antenna grouping scheme. Therefore, the two-stage beamforming method of the present application can make a trade-off between the beam gain and the beam main lobe width.
According to the two-stage beamforming method, the coded data stream is obtained by performing space-time block coding on the data stream to be transmitted; constructing a two-stage beam forming matrix corresponding to the uniform rectangular antenna array; and performing beamforming on the coded data stream through the two-stage beamforming matrix to generate a signal to be transmitted of the uniform rectangular antenna array. Compared with the traditional directional beam forming which is directly applied, the method has the advantages that the main lobe width of the beam is widened, the coverage angle area is enlarged, the beam scanning times are reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the public signal is improved; compared with the direct application of the omnidirectional beam forming, the method obtains certain beam gain, improves the transmission reliability of the public signal and further improves the performance of the whole network.
As shown in fig. 7, in an embodiment, a two-stage beamforming method is provided, which is applied to a base station, and the two-stage beamforming method specifically includes the following steps:
s10, a first beamforming matrix corresponding to a first polarized antenna sub-array is constructed, beamforming is carried out on the data stream to be transmitted through the first beamforming matrix to obtain a first polarized signal, and the first polarized signal is transmitted through the first polarized antenna sub-array.
S20, a second beam forming matrix corresponding to the second polarized antenna subarray is constructed, beam forming is carried out on the data stream to be sent through the second beam forming matrix to obtain a second polarized signal, and the second polarized signal is sent through the second polarized antenna subarray.
In this embodiment, the first sub-array of polarized antennas is a left sub-array of polarized antennas, the first beamforming matrix is a left sub-array of polarized antennas, the second sub-array of polarized antennas is a right sub-array of polarized antennas, and the second beamforming matrix is a right sub-array of polarized antennas. It will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, the first sub-array of polarized antennas is a sub-array of horizontally polarized antennas, the first beamforming matrix is a horizontally polarized beamforming matrix, the second sub-array of polarized antennas is a sub-array of vertically polarized antennas, and the second beamforming matrix is a vertically polarized beamforming matrix.
Specifically, a left polarized beam forming matrix corresponding to the left polarized antenna sub-array and a right polarized beam forming matrix corresponding to the right polarized antenna sub-array are constructed through a pair of gray complementary matrixes and a directional beam forming matrix.
In this embodiment, the left and right polarized antenna sub-arrays together form a uniform rectangular antenna array.
In one embodiment, the uniform rectangular antenna array is composed of L × M antennas, L being a row of the uniform rectangular antenna array and M being a column of the uniform rectangular antenna array, the uniform rectangular antenna array being spatially angled
Figure BDA0003534529150000101
The corresponding calculation formula of the array response vector is as follows:
Figure BDA0003534529150000102
for l＝1，2，…，L；m＝1，2，…，M；
Figure BDA0003534529150000103
wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000104
an array response vector of the uniform rectangular antenna array is represented, and the array response vector is the response capability of the antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array to a certain directional wave. As shown in fig. 2, a spatial rectangular coordinate system is established by using any point in the plane of the uniform rectangular antenna array as the origin of coordinates, using the plane of the uniform rectangular antenna array as the xoy plane and using the normal vector of the plane of the uniform rectangular antenna array as the z-axis,
Figure BDA0003534529150000105
representing the included angle between the emission direction of the signal to be emitted and the z-axis in a space rectangular coordinate system, and theta represents the spaceIn the rectangular coordinate system, the projection of the emission direction of the signal to be emitted on the xoy plane forms an included angle with the x axis, lambda represents the wavelength of the signal to be emitted, and dxDenotes the distance in the x-direction between two adjacent antennas in a uniform rectangular antenna array, dyRepresenting the distance in the y-direction between two adjacent antennas in a uniform rectangular antenna array.
Assuming a pair of omni-directional beamforming matrices as
Figure BDA0003534529150000106
Wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000107
the above-mentioned
Figure BDA0003534529150000108
The formula for calculating the autocorrelation is:
Figure BDA0003534529150000109
Figure BDA00035345291500001010
Figure BDA00035345291500001011
Figure BDA00035345291500001012
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500001013
represents the amount of translation in the y-direction, and τ represents the amount of translation in the x-direction, (. DEG)*Representing conjugation.
The left polarization omnidirectional beam forming matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500001014
And right polarization omni-directional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500001015
Satisfying the condition of equation (19):
Figure BDA0003534529150000111
wherein the left polarized omnidirectional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000112
And right polarization omni-directional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000113
Is composed of
Figure BDA0003534529150000114
Namely, Autocorrelation Compensation Matrices (ACM), and also a pair of Golay Compensation Matrices (GCM),
Figure BDA0003534529150000115
and δ (τ) are both kronecker functions, i.e.
Figure BDA0003534529150000116
Assuming a directional beamforming matrix of
Figure BDA0003534529150000117
Wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000118
the directional beamforming matrix is:
Figure BDA0003534529150000119
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500001110
representing directional beamforming matrices
Figure BDA00035345291500001111
The element at (r, c).
In one embodiment, if and only if the two-stage beamforming matrix satisfies:
Figure BDA00035345291500001112
wherein N is 1, …, N, L is RP, M is CQ,
Figure BDA00035345291500001113
the method represents the operation of the Cronike product, and compared with an antenna array with the RC root power of 1, the method directly carries out directional beam forming and carries out beam forming in space angle
Figure BDA00035345291500001114
Received signal strength of the terminal
Figure BDA00035345291500001115
The value of (a) increases PQ times.
The following was demonstrated:
order to
Figure BDA00035345291500001116
And
Figure BDA00035345291500001117
at a spatial angle
Figure BDA00035345291500001118
The terminal combines the received signals passing through the orthogonal dual-polarized antenna to obtain the intensity of the received signals
Figure BDA00035345291500001119
The following equation (21):
Figure BDA00035345291500001120
Figure BDA0003534529150000121
wherein,
Figure BDA0003534529150000122
is shown in spatial angle
Figure BDA0003534529150000123
The UE terminal of (1) receiving power, the above
Figure BDA0003534529150000124
Representing the array response vector for the left polarized antenna sub-array,
Figure BDA0003534529150000125
representing the array response vector for the right polarized antenna sub-array,
Figure BDA0003534529150000126
Figure BDA0003534529150000127
t is the time index.
Definition of
Figure BDA0003534529150000128
And
Figure BDA0003534529150000129
the following were used:
Figure BDA00035345291500001210
Figure BDA00035345291500001211
Figure BDA00035345291500001212
the above array response
Figure BDA0003534529150000131
The following can be rewritten according to equation (31):
Figure BDA0003534529150000132
Figure BDA0003534529150000133
wherein, L is RP, M is CQ,
Figure BDA0003534529150000134
representing a kronecker product operation.
By substituting equation (32) into equation (22), equation (23) can be derived; satisfying allocation law properties according to a kronecker product transpose
Figure BDA0003534529150000135
Equation (24) can be derived from equation 23; according to the nature of the mixing volume
Figure BDA0003534529150000136
Figure BDA0003534529150000137
Equation (25) can be derived from equation (24); according to the nature
Figure BDA0003534529150000138
Equation (26) can be derived from equation (25); if it is
Figure BDA0003534529150000139
Equation (29) can be derived from equation (28) by satisfying equation (20); if matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500001310
As a pair of Gray Complementary Matrices (GCM), i.e.
Figure BDA00035345291500001311
I.e., equation (19) is satisfied, equation (30) can be derived from equation (29).
In one example, a left polarized two-stage beamforming matrix for beamforming the uniform rectangular antenna array is
Figure BDA00035345291500001312
And right polarization two-stage beamforming matrix of
Figure BDA00035345291500001313
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA00035345291500001314
Figure BDA00035345291500001315
wherein,
Figure BDA00035345291500001316
and
Figure BDA00035345291500001317
is a pair of gray complementary matrixes,
Figure BDA00035345291500001318
a directional beamforming matrix is represented and,
Figure BDA00035345291500001319
Figure BDA00035345291500001320
representing a kronecker product operation.
Obtained according to formula (33)
Figure BDA00035345291500001321
A partially connected beamforming structure as shown in fig. 8 may be employed.
In one embodiment, for a uniform rectangular antenna array consisting of L x M antennas, the uniform rectangular antenna array is spatially angled
Figure BDA00035345291500001322
The array response vector at (a) can be obtained from equation (17).
Specifically, the data stream to be transmitted is beamformed through the left polarized beamforming matrix, and a first signal corresponding to the left polarized beamforming matrix is generated; performing beamforming on a data stream to be transmitted through the right polarized beamforming matrix to generate a second signal corresponding to the right polarized beamforming matrix; the left polarized antenna subarray carries out left polarization processing on the first signal to obtain a left polarized signal to be sent; and the right polarized antenna subarray performs right polarization processing on the second signal to obtain a right polarized signal to be transmitted, wherein the left polarized signal to be transmitted and the right polarized signal to be transmitted are in an orthogonal relation. When the terminal receives a left polarized signal sent by the left polarized antenna subarray through the first antenna and receives a right polarized signal sent by the right polarized antenna subarray through the second antenna, the terminal performs combination processing on the left polarized signal and the right polarized signal.
Specifically, the partially connected beam forming structure comprises a first radio frequency link, a second radio frequency link, a left polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array, a right polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array and a uniform rectangular antenna array, wherein the uniform rectangular antenna array comprises a left polarization antenna subarray and a right polarization antenna subarray, the row L and the column M/2 of the left polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array, the right polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array, the left polarization antenna subarray and the right polarization antenna subarray are the same, the first radio frequency link is respectively connected with each phase shifter in the left polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array, each phase shifter in the left polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array is connected with each antenna in the left polarization antenna subarray in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the second radio frequency link, the left polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array, each phase shifter in the left polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array and each antenna in the left polarization antenna subarray are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the second radio frequency link is connected with each phase shifter in the right polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array in a one-to-one correspondence mannerThe radio frequency link is respectively connected with each phase shifter in the right polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array, and each phase shifter in the right polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array is connected with each antenna in the right polarization antenna subarray in a one-to-one correspondence mode. Left polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array and left polarization beam forming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000141
Is the same as the column M/2, each phase shifter in the left polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array passes through the beam forming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000142
The phase of the corresponding element is adjusted. Right polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array and right polarization beam forming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000143
Is the same as the column M/2, and each phase shifter in the right polarization uniform rectangular phase shifter array forms a matrix through the right polarization beam
Figure BDA0003534529150000144
The phase of the corresponding element is adjusted.
The two-stage beam forming method comprises the steps of constructing a left polarized beam forming matrix corresponding to a left polarized antenna subarray; constructing a right polarized beam forming matrix corresponding to the right polarized antenna subarray; beamforming is carried out on a data stream to be transmitted through the left polarized beamforming matrix, and a first signal corresponding to the left polarized beamforming matrix is generated; carrying out beamforming on a data stream to be transmitted through the right polarized beamforming matrix to generate a second signal corresponding to the right polarized beamforming matrix; performing left polarization processing on the first signal to obtain a left polarization signal to be emitted; carrying out right polarization processing on the second signal to obtain a right polarization signal to be sent; and the left polarization signal to be sent and the right polarization signal to be sent are in an orthogonal relation. Compared with the traditional directional beam forming which is directly applied, the method has the advantages that the main lobe width of the beam is widened, the coverage angle area is enlarged, the beam scanning times are reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the public signal is improved; compared with the direct application of the omnidirectional beam forming, the method obtains certain beam gain, improves the transmission reliability of the public signal and further improves the performance of the whole network.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A two-stage beamforming method, comprising:
a first beam forming matrix corresponding to a first polarized antenna subarray is constructed, beam forming is carried out on a data stream to be transmitted through the first beam forming matrix to obtain a first polarized signal, and the first polarized signal is transmitted through the first polarized antenna subarray;
(II) constructing a second beam forming matrix corresponding to a second polarized antenna subarray, carrying out beam forming on the data stream to be transmitted through the second beam forming matrix to obtain a second polarized signal, and transmitting the second polarized signal through the second polarized antenna subarray;
wherein the first polarized antenna subarray and the second polarized antenna subarray are in an orthogonal relationship.
2. The two-stage beamforming method according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-array of polarized antennas is a left sub-array of polarized antennas, the first beamforming matrix is a left sub-array of polarized antennas, the second sub-array of polarized antennas is a right sub-array of polarized antennas, and the second beamforming matrix is a right sub-array of polarized antennas; or; the first polarized antenna subarray is a horizontal polarized antenna subarray, the first beam forming matrix is a horizontal polarized beam forming matrix, the second polarized antenna subarray is a vertical polarized antenna subarray, and the second beam forming matrix is a vertical polarized beam forming matrix.
3. The two-stage beamforming method according to claim 2,
and constructing a left polarized beam forming matrix corresponding to the left polarized antenna sub-array and a right polarized beam forming matrix corresponding to the right polarized antenna sub-array through a pair of Gray complementary matrixes and directional beam forming matrixes.
4. The two-stage beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the left and right polarization beamforming matrices are:
Figure FDA0003534529140000011
Figure FDA0003534529140000012
wherein,
Figure FDA0003534529140000013
representing a left polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000014
representing a right polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000015
and
Figure FDA0003534529140000016
is a pair of gray complementary matrixes,
Figure FDA0003534529140000017
a directional beamforming matrix is represented and,
Figure FDA0003534529140000018
Figure FDA0003534529140000019
representing a kronecker product operation.
5. The two-stage beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the left and right polarization beamforming matrices are:
Figure FDA00035345291400000110
Figure FDA00035345291400000111
wherein,
Figure FDA0003534529140000021
representing a left polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000022
representing a right polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000023
and
Figure FDA0003534529140000024
is a pair of gray complementary matrixes,
Figure FDA0003534529140000025
a directional beamforming matrix is represented and,
Figure FDA0003534529140000026
Figure FDA0003534529140000027
representing a kronecker product operation.
CN202210215766.6A 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Two-stage beam forming method Pending CN114448473A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210215766.6A CN114448473A (en) 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Two-stage beam forming method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110700497.8A CN113328773B (en) 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Two-stage beam forming method
CN202210215766.6A CN114448473A (en) 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Two-stage beam forming method

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110700497.8A Division CN113328773B (en) 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Two-stage beam forming method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114448473A true CN114448473A (en) 2022-05-06

Family

ID=77424536

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210215766.6A Pending CN114448473A (en) 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Two-stage beam forming method
CN202110700497.8A Active CN113328773B (en) 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Two-stage beam forming method

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110700497.8A Active CN113328773B (en) 2021-06-23 2021-06-23 Two-stage beam forming method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (2) CN114448473A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115441920B (en) * 2022-11-09 2023-02-21 长沙北斗产业安全技术研究院股份有限公司 On-site expandable antenna array beam forming method and system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101459457A (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-17 鼎桥通信技术有限公司 Wave beam shaping method
CN103905105A (en) * 2014-02-19 2014-07-02 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 Double-current beam forming method and device
CN107078402A (en) * 2015-09-30 2017-08-18 华为技术有限公司 Beam form-endowing method and equipment
US20180026367A1 (en) * 2015-03-06 2018-01-25 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Beam Forming Using an Antenna Arrangement
CN112929061A (en) * 2021-01-21 2021-06-08 复旦大学 Omnidirectional beam forming design method based on autocorrelation complementary matrix

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104537171A (en) * 2014-12-24 2015-04-22 南京信息工程大学 MIMO channel spatial fading correlation calculation method and multi-antenna system
WO2018028690A1 (en) * 2016-08-12 2018-02-15 Mediatek Inc. Beam management in beamforming systems
EP3358754A1 (en) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Antenna array codebook with beamforming coefficients adapted to an arbitrary antenna response of the antenna array
CN108134216B (en) * 2017-12-29 2024-02-06 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 Antenna array simulating beam forming
CN109495142B (en) * 2018-10-27 2021-01-22 复旦大学 Omnidirectional beam forming design method based on complementary sequence under uniform rectangular array
CN110932765B (en) * 2019-11-01 2023-04-07 复旦大学 Omnidirectional beam forming method for uniform rectangular array
JP6814311B2 (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-01-13 テレフオンアクチーボラゲット エルエム エリクソン（パブル） Beam formation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101459457A (en) * 2007-12-12 2009-06-17 鼎桥通信技术有限公司 Wave beam shaping method
CN103905105A (en) * 2014-02-19 2014-07-02 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 Double-current beam forming method and device
US20180026367A1 (en) * 2015-03-06 2018-01-25 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Beam Forming Using an Antenna Arrangement
CN107078402A (en) * 2015-09-30 2017-08-18 华为技术有限公司 Beam form-endowing method and equipment
CN112929061A (en) * 2021-01-21 2021-06-08 复旦大学 Omnidirectional beam forming design method based on autocorrelation complementary matrix

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FENGJIE LI, YI JIANG: "Construction of Golay Complementary Matrices and Its Applications to MIMO Omnidirectional Transmission", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING》 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113328773A (en) 2021-08-31
CN113328773B (en) 2022-05-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10651544B2 (en) Antenna system and mobile terminal
CN114025425B (en) Intelligent super-surface-assisted wireless communication and sensing positioning integrated method
Sanchez-Fernandez et al. Spectral efficiency in MIMO systems using space and pattern diversities under compactness constraints
CN107171757B (en) MIMO wireless channel modeling method fusing intelligent antenna
CN102521472A (en) Method for constructing thinned MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) planar array radar antenna
CN113328773B (en) Two-stage beam forming method
CN110429392B (en) Hybrid array antenna
CN107104720A (en) The relatively prime array adaptive beamforming method rebuild based on covariance matrix virtual Domain discretization
CN113540791B (en) Method for optimizing aperture-level transmit-receive simultaneous array
CN105244634B (en) The dimension reduction method of extensive mimo antenna array and the system using this method
CN111596271B (en) Synthetic aperture radar polarization calibration method based on active calibrator reference matrix
CN1728456A (en) Reversion F antenna system of four planes in use for terminals in multiple input/output communication system
CN102144361B (en) Mobile communication system, base station, interference removal method
CN209560074U (en) A kind of imaging radar device
US11368194B2 (en) Omnidirectional beamforming method
CN111356168A (en) Network coverage simulation method and device
CN113281732A (en) MIMO radar target positioning method and system based on space-time coding
CN113330647B (en) Antenna module comprising a metallic structure for reducing radio waves radiated by a back lobe and electronic device comprising such an antenna module
CN210224275U (en) Beam scanning dipole array antenna applied to smart watch
CN114499615B (en) Near-far field unified transmitting beam forming method in terahertz communication system
Jo et al. Achieving 360$^\circ $ Coverage Dynamic and Switchable Beamforming Through Resource-Efficient Switchable Antennas for Future mmWave IoT Devices
CN2783545Y (en) Sector array intelligent antenna
Fakoukakis et al. Development of an adaptive and a switched beam smart antenna system for wireless communications
CN208873896U (en) A kind of six beam array antenna of wideband
CN112688724A (en) Cluster target cooperative response method and inquiry response system based on MIMO technology

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20220506