CN114448473A - A two-stage beamforming method - Google Patents

A two-stage beamforming method Download PDF

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CN114448473A
CN114448473A CN202210215766.6A CN202210215766A CN114448473A CN 114448473 A CN114448473 A CN 114448473A CN 202210215766 A CN202210215766 A CN 202210215766A CN 114448473 A CN114448473 A CN 114448473A
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beamforming
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beamforming matrix
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蒋轶
李峰杰
杜城
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Fudan University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
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    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a two-stage beam forming method. The two-stage beam forming method comprises the steps of carrying out space-time block coding on a data stream to be transmitted to obtain a coded data stream; constructing a two-stage beam forming matrix corresponding to the uniform rectangular antenna array; and performing beamforming on the coded data stream through the two-stage beamforming matrix to generate a signal to be transmitted of the uniform rectangular antenna array. Compared with the traditional directional beam forming method which is directly applied, the method of the invention can realize the high-reliability and high-efficiency transmission of the public signals, because the main lobe width of the beam is widened, the coverage angle area is enlarged, the beam scanning times are reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the public signals is improved; compared with the direct application of the omnidirectional beam forming, the method has the advantages that certain beam gain is obtained, the transmission reliability of the public signals is improved, and therefore the performance of the whole network is improved.

Description

一种两级波束赋形方法A two-stage beamforming method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于通信技术领域，具体涉及一种两级波束赋形方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of communications, and in particular relates to a two-stage beamforming method.

背景技术Background technique

大规模天线是实现5G商用的关键技术之一。为了实现大规模天线的产品化，天线更倾向于使用均匀矩形阵列。对于部署均匀矩形天线阵列的基站，实现公共信号的传输是提升整体网络性能的关键因素之一。因此，基站如何在均匀矩形天线阵列下实现公共信号的高可靠高效率传输是一个亟待解决的问题。Large-scale antennas are one of the key technologies for realizing 5G commercialization. In order to realize the commercialization of large-scale antennas, the antennas tend to use uniform rectangular arrays. For base stations deploying uniform rectangular antenna arrays, realizing the transmission of public signals is one of the key factors to improve the overall network performance. Therefore, how to realize high reliability and high efficiency transmission of public signals in a base station under a uniform rectangular antenna array is an urgent problem to be solved.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的主要目的在于提供一种两级波束赋形方法，旨在解决现有技术中的基站无法在均匀矩形天线阵列下实现公共信号的高可靠高效率传输的技术问题。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a two-stage beamforming method, which aims to solve the technical problem that the base station in the prior art cannot realize the high reliability and high efficiency transmission of the public signal under the uniform rectangular antenna array.

本发明提供的两级波束赋形方法，包括：The two-stage beamforming method provided by the present invention includes:

(一)对待发数据流进行空时块编码，得到编码后的数据流；(1) performing space-time block coding on the data stream to be sent to obtain the coded data stream;

(二)通过全方向波束赋形矩阵和定向波束赋形矩阵构建与均匀矩形天线阵列对应的两级波束赋形矩阵；其中：(2) Constructing a two-stage beamforming matrix corresponding to a uniform rectangular antenna array through an omnidirectional beamforming matrix and a directional beamforming matrix; wherein:

所述均匀矩形天线阵列由L×M根天线组成，L为所述均匀矩形天线阵列的行，M为所述均匀矩形天线阵列的列，所述均匀矩形天线阵列在空间角度

Figure BDA0003534529150000011
处的阵列响应矢量对应的计算公式为：The uniform rectangular antenna array is composed of L×M antennas, where L is the row of the uniform rectangular antenna array, M is the column of the uniform rectangular antenna array, and the uniform rectangular antenna array is at a spatial angle.
Figure BDA0003534529150000011
The corresponding calculation formula of the array response vector at is:

Figure BDA0003534529150000012
Figure BDA0003534529150000012

forl＝1，2，…，L；m＝1，2，…，M；forl=1,2,...,L; m=1,2,...,M;

Figure BDA0003534529150000013
Figure BDA0003534529150000013

其中，

Figure BDA0003534529150000014
表示均匀矩形天线阵列的阵列响应矢量，所述阵列响应矢量是所述均匀矩形天线阵列中的天线对某一方向来波的响应能力，以所述均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面中的任一点为坐标原点，以所述均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面为xoy平面且以所述均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面的法向量为z轴建立空间直角坐标系，
Figure BDA0003534529150000015
表示在空间直角坐标系中待发信号的发射方向与z轴之间的夹角，θ表示在空间直角坐标系中待发信号的发射方向在xoy平面上的投影与x轴之间的夹角，λ表示待发信号的波长，dx表示所述均匀矩形天线阵列中相邻两根天线在x方向上的距离，dy表示所述均匀矩形天线阵列中相邻两根天线在y方向上的距离；in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000014
Represents the array response vector of the uniform rectangular antenna array, the array response vector is the response capability of the antenna in the uniform rectangular antenna array to waves coming from a certain direction, and takes any point in the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located as the coordinate The origin, where the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located is the xoy plane and the normal vector of the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located is the z-axis to establish a space rectangular coordinate system,
Figure BDA0003534529150000015
Represents the angle between the emission direction of the signal to be sent and the z-axis in the space rectangular coordinate system, θ represents the angle between the projection of the emission direction of the signal to be sent on the xoy plane and the x-axis in the space rectangular coordinate system , λ represents the wavelength of the signal to be sent, d x represents the distance between two adjacent antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array in the x direction, dy represents the y direction between the two adjacent antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array the distance;

假设全方向波束赋形矩阵集为

Figure BDA0003534529150000021
其中，
Figure BDA0003534529150000022
所述矩阵集
Figure BDA0003534529150000023
的自相关对应的计算公式为：Suppose the omnidirectional beamforming matrix set is
Figure BDA0003534529150000021
in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000022
the set of matrices
Figure BDA0003534529150000023
The corresponding calculation formula of the autocorrelation is:

Figure BDA0003534529150000024
Figure BDA0003534529150000024

-Q+1≤τ≤Q-1-Q+1≤τ≤Q-1

其中，

Figure BDA0003534529150000025
表示y方向的平移量，τ表示x方向的平移量，(·)*表示共轭；
Figure BDA0003534529150000026
表示复数域，P，Q分别表示全方向波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA0003534529150000027
的行和列，N表示全方向波束赋形矩阵的个数；in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000025
represents the translation in the y direction, τ represents the translation in the x direction, ( ) * represents the conjugate;
Figure BDA0003534529150000026
Represents the complex domain, P and Q represent the omnidirectional beamforming matrix, respectively
Figure BDA0003534529150000027
The rows and columns of , N represents the number of omnidirectional beamforming matrices;

所述矩阵集

Figure BDA0003534529150000028
满足以下的条件：the set of matrices
Figure BDA0003534529150000028
The following conditions are met:

Figure BDA0003534529150000029
Figure BDA0003534529150000029

其中，所述矩阵集

Figure BDA00035345291500000210
为(P，Q，N)-ACM，即自相关互补矩阵，
Figure BDA00035345291500000211
和δ(τ)均为克罗内克函数，即
Figure BDA00035345291500000212
当N＝2时，(P，Q，N)-ACM为一对格雷互补矩阵。where the matrix set
Figure BDA00035345291500000210
is (P, Q, N)-ACM, the autocorrelation complementary matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000211
and δ(τ) are both Kronecker functions, namely
Figure BDA00035345291500000212
When N=2, (P, Q, N)-ACM is a pair of Golay complementary matrices.

假设定向波束赋形矩阵为

Figure BDA00035345291500000213
其中，
Figure BDA00035345291500000214
所述定向波束赋形矩阵为：Suppose the directional beamforming matrix is
Figure BDA00035345291500000213
in,
Figure BDA00035345291500000214
The directional beamforming matrix is:

Figure BDA00035345291500000215
Figure BDA00035345291500000215

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500000216
表示定向波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA00035345291500000217
在(r，c)处的元素；R和C分别表示定向波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA00035345291500000218
的行和列。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500000216
Represents a directional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500000217
element at (r, c); R and C denote the directional beamforming matrix, respectively
Figure BDA00035345291500000218
rows and columns.

假设对所述均匀矩形天线阵列做波束赋形的两级波束赋形矩阵集为

Figure BDA00035345291500000219
所述两级波束赋形矩阵为：Assume that the two-stage beamforming matrix set for beamforming the uniform rectangular antenna array is
Figure BDA00035345291500000219
The two-stage beamforming matrix is:

Figure BDA00035345291500000220
Figure BDA00035345291500000220

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500000221
为定向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA00035345291500000222
为全方向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA00035345291500000223
Figure BDA00035345291500000224
L＝RP，M＝CQ，
Figure BDA00035345291500000225
表示克罗尼克积运算。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500000221
is the directional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000222
is the omnidirectional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000223
Figure BDA00035345291500000224
L=RP, M=CQ,
Figure BDA00035345291500000225
Represents the Kronic product operation.

通过所述两级波束赋形矩阵对所述编码后的数据流进行波束赋形，生成所述均匀矩形天线阵列的待发信号。The encoded data stream is beamformed by the two-stage beamforming matrix to generate the to-be-transmitted signal of the uniform rectangular antenna array.

优选地，所述待发数据流(信号)为：Preferably, the data stream (signal) to be sent is:

Figure BDA00035345291500000226
Figure BDA00035345291500000226

其中，X(t)表示待发信号，整数t为时间域的索引，

Figure BDA0003534529150000031
表示sn(t)的空域波束赋形权重，n＝1，...，N，N为正整数。Among them, X(t) represents the signal to be sent, the integer t is the index of the time domain,
Figure BDA0003534529150000031
Indicates the spatial beamforming weight of s n (t), n=1, . . . , N, where N is a positive integer.

本发明提供的另一技术方案为：Another technical scheme provided by the present invention is:

一种两级波束赋形方法，包括：A two-stage beamforming method, comprising:

(一)构建第一极化天线子阵列对应的第一波束赋形矩阵，通过所述第一波束赋形矩阵对待发数据流进行波束赋形，得到第一极化信号，通过所述第一极化天线子阵列发送所述第一极化信号；(1) Constructing a first beamforming matrix corresponding to the first polarized antenna sub-array, and performing beamforming on the data stream to be sent through the first beamforming matrix to obtain a first polarized signal, and passing the first beamforming matrix the polarized antenna sub-array sends the first polarized signal;

(二)构建第二极化天线子阵列对应的第二波束赋形矩阵，通过所述第二波束赋形矩阵对所述待发数据流进行波束赋形，得到第二极化信号，通过所述第二极化天线子阵列发送所述第二极化信号(2) Constructing a second beamforming matrix corresponding to the second polarized antenna sub-array, and performing beamforming on the data stream to be sent by using the second beamforming matrix to obtain a second polarized signal, which is passed through the second beamforming matrix. the second polarized antenna sub-array sends the second polarized signal

其中，所述第一极化天线子阵列和所述第二极化天线子阵列为正交关系。Wherein, the first polarized antenna sub-array and the second polarized antenna sub-array are in an orthogonal relationship.

优选地，所述第一极化天线子阵列为左极化天线子阵列，所述第一波束赋形矩阵为左极化波束赋形矩阵，所述第二极化天线子阵列为右极化天线子阵列，所述第二波束赋形矩阵为右极化波束赋形矩阵；或者；所述第一极化天线子阵列为水平极化天线子阵列，所述第一波束赋形矩阵为水平极化波束赋形矩阵，所述第二极化天线子阵列为垂直极化天线子阵列，所述第二波束赋形矩阵为垂直极化波束赋形矩阵。Preferably, the first polarized antenna sub-array is a left-polarized antenna sub-array, the first beamforming matrix is a left-polarized beamforming matrix, and the second polarized antenna sub-array is right-polarized Antenna subarray, the second beamforming matrix is a right-polarized beamforming matrix; or; the first polarized antenna subarray is a horizontally polarized antenna subarray, and the first beamforming matrix is a horizontal A polarized beamforming matrix, the second polarized antenna subarray is a vertically polarized antenna subarray, and the second beamforming matrix is a vertically polarized beamforming matrix.

优选地，通过一对格雷互补矩阵和定向波束赋形矩阵构建左极化天线子阵列对应的左极化波束赋形矩阵和右极化天线子阵列对应的右极化波束赋形矩阵，其中，所述第一波束赋形矩阵为左极化波束赋形矩阵，所述第二波束赋形矩阵为右极化波束赋形矩阵。Preferably, the left-polarized beamforming matrix corresponding to the left-polarized antenna subarray and the right-polarized beamforming matrix corresponding to the right-polarized antenna subarray are constructed by a pair of Golay complementary matrices and a directional beamforming matrix, wherein, The first beamforming matrix is a left polarized beamforming matrix, and the second beamforming matrix is a right polarized beamforming matrix.

优选地，所述左极化波束赋形矩阵和所述右极化波束赋形矩阵为：Preferably, the left polarization beamforming matrix and the right polarization beamforming matrix are:

Figure BDA0003534529150000032
Figure BDA0003534529150000032

Figure BDA0003534529150000033
Figure BDA0003534529150000033

其中，

Figure BDA0003534529150000034
表示左极化两级波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA0003534529150000035
表示右极化两级波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA0003534529150000036
和
Figure BDA0003534529150000037
为一对格雷互补矩阵，
Figure BDA0003534529150000038
表示定向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA0003534529150000039
Figure BDA00035345291500000310
表示克罗尼克积运算。in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000034
represents the left-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000035
represents the right-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000036
and
Figure BDA0003534529150000037
is a pair of Gray complementary matrices,
Figure BDA0003534529150000038
represents the directional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000039
Figure BDA00035345291500000310
Represents the Kronic product operation.

优选地，所述左极化波束赋形矩阵和所述右极化波束赋形矩阵为：Preferably, the left polarization beamforming matrix and the right polarization beamforming matrix are:

Figure BDA00035345291500000311
Figure BDA00035345291500000311

Figure BDA00035345291500000312
Figure BDA00035345291500000312

其中，

Figure BDA0003534529150000041
表示左极化两级波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA0003534529150000042
表示右极化两级波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA0003534529150000043
和
Figure BDA0003534529150000044
为一对格雷互补矩阵，
Figure BDA0003534529150000045
表示定向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA0003534529150000046
Figure BDA0003534529150000047
表示克罗尼克积运算。in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000041
represents the left-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000042
represents the right-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000043
and
Figure BDA0003534529150000044
is a pair of Gray complementary matrices,
Figure BDA0003534529150000045
represents the directional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA0003534529150000046
Figure BDA0003534529150000047
Represents the Kronic product operation.

与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本申请的两级波束赋形方法，通过对待发数据流进行空时块编码，得到编码后的数据流；构建均匀矩形天线阵列对应的两级波束赋形矩阵；通过所述两级波束赋形矩阵对所述编码后的数据流进行波束赋形，生成所述均匀矩形天线阵列的待发信号。如此设置，能够实现公共信号的高可靠高效率传输，相比于直接应用上述传统的定向波束赋形，由于波束的主瓣宽度变宽，覆盖角度区域变大，波束扫描次数减少，提高了公共信号的传输效率；相比于直接应用上述全方向波束赋形，获得了一定的波束增益，提高了公共信号的传输可靠性，从而提升整体网络的性能。In the two-stage beamforming method of the present application, the encoded data stream is obtained by performing space-time block coding on the data stream to be sent; a two-stage beamforming matrix corresponding to a uniform rectangular antenna array is constructed; The matrix beamforms the encoded data stream to generate the to-be-transmitted signal of the uniform rectangular antenna array. In this way, highly reliable and efficient transmission of public signals can be achieved. Compared with the direct application of the above-mentioned traditional directional beamforming, because the main lobe width of the beam becomes wider, the coverage angle area becomes larger, the number of beam scans is reduced, and the number of beam scans is reduced. Signal transmission efficiency; compared with the direct application of the above omnidirectional beamforming, a certain beam gain is obtained, which improves the transmission reliability of public signals, thereby improving the performance of the overall network.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without creative efforts.

图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的两级波束赋形方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a two-stage beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的均匀矩形天线阵列的示意图。2 is a schematic diagram of a uniform rectangular antenna array according to one embodiment of the present invention.

图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的全连接波束赋形结构的示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fully connected beamforming structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图4是根据本发明的一个实施例的定向波束赋形方法的空间波束图。FIG. 4 is a spatial beam diagram of a directional beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的两级波束赋形方法的空间波束图(天线分组方案R＝12，C＝10)；FIG. 5 is a spatial beam diagram of a two-stage beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention (antenna grouping scheme R=12, C=10);

图6是根据本发明的一个实施例的两级波束赋形方法的空间波束图(天线分组方案R＝4，C＝4)。6 is a spatial beam diagram of a two-stage beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention (antenna grouping scheme R=4, C=4).

图7是根据本发明的一个实施例的两级波束赋形方法的流程图。FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a two-stage beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

图8是根据本发明的一个实施例的部分连接波束赋形结构的示意图。8 is a schematic diagram of a partially connected beamforming structure according to one embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relationship between various components under a certain posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). The relative positional relationship, the movement situation, etc., if the specific posture changes, the directional indication also changes accordingly.

另外，在本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，全文中的“和/或”包括三个方案，以A和/或B为例，包括A技术方案、B技术方案，以及A和B同时满足的技术方案；另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes, and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature delimited with "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In addition, "and/or" in the full text includes three solutions, taking A and/or B as an example, including the technical solution of A, the technical solution of B, and the technical solution that A and B satisfy at the same time; in addition, between the various embodiments The technical solutions can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of those of ordinary skill in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, nor is it required by the present invention. within the scope of protection.

如图1所示，在一个实施例中，提供了一种两级波束赋形方法，应用于基站，两级波束赋形方法具体包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG. 1 , in an embodiment, a two-stage beamforming method is provided, which is applied to a base station. The two-stage beamforming method specifically includes the following steps:

S100，对待发数据流进行空时块编码，得到编码后的数据流。S100: Perform space-time block encoding on the data stream to be sent to obtain an encoded data stream.

具体地，基站对所述数据流进行空时块编码，得到编码后的数据流为：Specifically, the base station performs space-time block encoding on the data stream, and the encoded data stream is obtained as:

[s1(t)，s2(t)，...，sn(t)]T，[s 1 (t), s 2 (t), ..., s n (t)] T ,

其中，sn(t)为空时块编码(n，t)处的元素，t为时间索引，(·)T为转置操作。where s n (t) is the element at space-time block coding (n, t), t is the time index, and ( ) T is the transpose operation.

S200，构建均匀矩形天线阵列对应的两级波束赋形矩阵。S200, construct a two-stage beamforming matrix corresponding to the uniform rectangular antenna array.

在一个实施例中，所述均匀矩形天线阵列由L×M根天线组成，L为均匀矩形天线阵列的行，M为均匀矩形天线阵列的列，所述均匀矩形天线阵列在空间角度

Figure BDA0003534529150000051
处的阵列响应矢量对应的计算公式为：In one embodiment, the uniform rectangular antenna array consists of L×M antennas, where L is the row of the uniform rectangular antenna array, M is the column of the uniform rectangular antenna array, and the uniform rectangular antenna array has a spatial angle of
Figure BDA0003534529150000051
The corresponding calculation formula of the array response vector at is:

Figure BDA0003534529150000052
Figure BDA0003534529150000052

forl＝1，2，…，L；m＝1，2，…，M；forl=1,2,...,L; m=1,2,...,M;

Figure BDA0003534529150000053
Figure BDA0003534529150000053

其中，

Figure BDA0003534529150000054
表示均匀矩形天线阵列的阵列响应矢量，阵列响应矢量是均匀矩形天线阵列中的天线对某一方向来波的响应能力。如图2所示，以均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面中的任一点为坐标原点，以均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面为xoy平面且以均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面的法向量为z轴建立空间直角坐标系，
Figure BDA0003534529150000055
表示在空间直角坐标系中待发信号的发射方向与z轴之间的夹角，θ表示在空间直角坐标系中待发信号的发射方向在xoy平面上的投影与x轴之间的夹角，λ表示待发信号的波长，dx表示均匀矩形天线阵列中相邻两根天线在x方向上的距离，dy表示均匀矩形天线阵列中相邻两根天线在y方向上的距离。in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000054
Represents the array response vector of a uniform rectangular antenna array. The array response vector is the response capability of the antenna in a uniform rectangular antenna array to waves coming from a certain direction. As shown in Figure 2, taking any point in the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located as the coordinate origin, the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located is the xoy plane and the normal vector of the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located is the z-axis to establish a space rectangular coordinate system ,
Figure BDA0003534529150000055
Represents the angle between the emission direction of the signal to be sent and the z-axis in the space rectangular coordinate system, θ represents the angle between the projection of the emission direction of the signal to be sent on the xoy plane and the x-axis in the space rectangular coordinate system , λ represents the wavelength of the signal to be sent, d x represents the distance between two adjacent antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array in the x direction, and dy represents the distance between the two adjacent antennas in the y direction in the uniform rectangular antenna array.

定义

Figure BDA0003534529150000061
和
Figure BDA0003534529150000062
如下：definition
Figure BDA0003534529150000061
and
Figure BDA0003534529150000062
as follows:

Figure BDA0003534529150000063
Figure BDA0003534529150000063

Figure BDA0003534529150000064
Figure BDA0003534529150000064

关于空间角度

Figure BDA0003534529150000065
的阵列响应
Figure BDA0003534529150000066
根据公式2可以改写成如下形式：About the space angle
Figure BDA0003534529150000065
The array response of
Figure BDA0003534529150000066
According to Equation 2, it can be rewritten as follows:

Figure BDA0003534529150000067
Figure BDA0003534529150000067

假设全方向波束赋形矩阵集为

Figure BDA0003534529150000068
其中，
Figure BDA0003534529150000069
所述矩阵集
Figure BDA00035345291500000610
的自相关对应的计算公式为：Suppose the omnidirectional beamforming matrix set is
Figure BDA0003534529150000068
in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000069
the set of matrices
Figure BDA00035345291500000610
The corresponding calculation formula of the autocorrelation is:

Figure BDA00035345291500000611
Figure BDA00035345291500000611

-Q+1≤τ≤Q-1， (4)-Q+1≤τ≤Q-1, (4)

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500000612
表示y方向的平移量，τ表示x方向的平移量，(·)*表示共轭。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500000612
represents the amount of translation in the y direction, τ represents the amount of translation in the x direction, and ( ) * represents the conjugate.

所述矩阵集

Figure BDA00035345291500000613
满足公式(5)的条件：the set of matrices
Figure BDA00035345291500000613
The condition of formula (5) is satisfied:

Figure BDA00035345291500000614
Figure BDA00035345291500000614

其中，所述矩阵集

Figure BDA00035345291500000615
为(P，Q，N)-ACM，即自相关互补矩阵(AutocorrelationComplementary Matrices，ACM)，
Figure BDA00035345291500000616
和δ(τ)均为克罗内克函数，即
Figure BDA00035345291500000617
当N＝2时，(L，M，N)-ACM为一对格雷互补矩阵(Golay Complementary Matrices，GCM)。where the matrix set
Figure BDA00035345291500000615
is (P, Q, N)-ACM, namely Autocorrelation Complementary Matrices (ACM),
Figure BDA00035345291500000616
and δ(τ) are both Kronecker functions, namely
Figure BDA00035345291500000617
When N=2, (L, M, N)-ACM is a pair of Golay Complementary Matrices (GCM).

假设定向波束赋形矩阵为

Figure BDA00035345291500000618
其中，
Figure BDA00035345291500000619
所述定向波束赋形矩阵为：Suppose the directional beamforming matrix is
Figure BDA00035345291500000618
in,
Figure BDA00035345291500000619
The directional beamforming matrix is:

Figure BDA00035345291500000620
Figure BDA00035345291500000620

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500000621
表示定向波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA00035345291500000622
在(r，c)处的元素。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500000621
Represents a directional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500000622
The element at (r,c).

在一个实例中，对所述均匀矩形天线阵列做波束赋形的两级波束赋形矩阵集为

Figure BDA00035345291500000623
所述两级波束赋形矩阵为：In one example, the set of two-stage beamforming matrices for beamforming the uniform rectangular antenna array is:
Figure BDA00035345291500000623
The two-stage beamforming matrix is:

Figure BDA00035345291500000624
Figure BDA00035345291500000624

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500000625
为定向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA00035345291500000626
为全方向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA00035345291500000627
Figure BDA0003534529150000071
L＝RP，M＝CQ，
Figure BDA0003534529150000072
表示克罗尼克积运算。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500000625
is the directional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000626
is the omnidirectional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500000627
Figure BDA0003534529150000071
L=RP, M=CQ,
Figure BDA0003534529150000072
Represents the Kronic product operation.

在一个实例中，当且仅当所述两级波束赋形矩阵满足

Figure BDA0003534529150000073
其中n＝1，...，N，L＝RP，M＝CQ，
Figure BDA0003534529150000074
表示克罗尼克积运算，相比于RC根功率为1的天线阵列直接做定向波束赋形，在空间角度
Figure BDA0003534529150000075
的UE端平均接收功率
Figure BDA0003534529150000076
会增大PQ倍。In one example, if and only if the two-stage beamforming matrix satisfies
Figure BDA0003534529150000073
where n=1,...,N, L=RP, M=CQ,
Figure BDA0003534529150000074
Indicates the Kronic product operation. Compared with the antenna array with the RC root power of 1, the directional beamforming is directly performed.
Figure BDA0003534529150000075
UE-side average received power of
Figure BDA0003534529150000076
Will increase PQ times.

证明如下：The proof is as follows:

令

Figure BDA0003534529150000077
和
Figure BDA0003534529150000078
并代入位于空间角度
Figure BDA0003534529150000079
的UE端平均接收功率
Figure BDA00035345291500000710
推导过程如下：make
Figure BDA0003534529150000077
and
Figure BDA0003534529150000078
and substituting in the space angle
Figure BDA0003534529150000079
UE-side average received power of
Figure BDA00035345291500000710
The derivation process is as follows:

Figure BDA00035345291500000711
Figure BDA00035345291500000711

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500000712
表示在空间角度
Figure BDA00035345291500000713
的UE端接收功率，将公式(3)代入公式(8)，可以推出公式(9)；根据克罗尼克积转置满足分配律性质
Figure BDA00035345291500000714
可由公式(9)推出公式(10)；根据混合积性质
Figure BDA00035345291500000715
可由公式(10)推出公式(11)；根据性质
Figure BDA00035345291500000716
可由公式(11)推出公式(12)；若
Figure BDA00035345291500000717
满足公式(6)，可由公式(14)推出公式(15)；若矩阵集
Figure BDA00035345291500000718
为(P，Q，N)-ACM，即满足公式5)，可由公式(15)推出公式(16)。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500000712
expressed in space
Figure BDA00035345291500000713
Equation (9) can be derived by substituting Equation (3) into Equation (8); the transposition of the Kronic product satisfies the property of the distribution law
Figure BDA00035345291500000714
Formula (10) can be derived from formula (9); according to the property of mixed product
Figure BDA00035345291500000715
Formula (11) can be derived from formula (10); according to the properties
Figure BDA00035345291500000716
Formula (12) can be derived from formula (11); if
Figure BDA00035345291500000717
Satisfying formula (6), formula (15) can be derived from formula (14); if the matrix set
Figure BDA00035345291500000718
is (P, Q, N)-ACM, that is, to satisfy formula 5), formula (16) can be derived from formula (15).

在一个实施例中，由于两级波束赋形矩阵中的非零元素具有恒模性质，因此，可采用如图3所示的全连接波束赋形结构实现全方向波束赋形方法。In one embodiment, since the non-zero elements in the two-stage beamforming matrix have constant modulus properties, the omnidirectional beamforming method can be implemented by using the fully connected beamforming structure as shown in FIG. 3 .

在一个实施例中，对于一个由L×M根天线组成的均匀矩形天线阵列，所述均匀矩形天线阵列在空间角度

Figure BDA0003534529150000081
处的阵列响应矢量可由公式1得到。In one embodiment, for a uniform rectangular antenna array composed of L×M antennas, the uniform rectangular antenna array has a spatial angle of
Figure BDA0003534529150000081
The array response vector at can be obtained from Equation 1.

将待发数据流进行空时块编码，空时块编码采用Almouti码，具体如下：Space-time block coding is performed on the data stream to be sent, and Almouti code is used for space-time block coding, as follows:

Figure BDA0003534529150000082
Figure BDA0003534529150000082

根据公式(7)得到一对波束赋形矩阵

Figure BDA0003534529150000083
可采用如图3所示的全连接波束赋形结构。According to formula (7), a pair of beamforming matrices are obtained
Figure BDA0003534529150000083
A fully connected beamforming structure as shown in Figure 3 can be used.

具体地，全连接波束赋形结构包括第一射频链路、第二射频链路、第一均匀矩形移相器阵列、第二均匀矩形移相器阵列以及均匀矩形天线阵列，其中，第一均匀矩形移相器阵列、第二均匀矩形移相器阵列以及均匀矩形天线阵列的行L和列M均相同，第一射频链路分别与第一均匀矩形移相器阵列中的每个移相器连接，第一均匀矩形移相器阵列中的各个移相器和均匀矩形天线阵列中的各个天线一一对应连接，第二射频链路分别与第二均匀矩形移相器阵列中的每个移相器连接，第二均匀矩形移相器阵列中的各个移相器和均匀矩形天线阵列中的各个天线一一对应连接。第一均匀矩形移相器阵列和上述波束赋形矩阵

Figure BDA0003534529150000084
的行L和列M均相同，第一均匀矩形移相器阵列中的各个移相器通过波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA0003534529150000085
中对应地元素进行相位调节。第二均匀矩形移相器阵列和上述波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA0003534529150000086
的行L和列M均相同，第二均匀矩形移相器阵列中的各个移相器通过波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA0003534529150000087
中对应地元素进行相位调节。Specifically, the fully connected beamforming structure includes a first radio frequency link, a second radio frequency link, a first uniform rectangular phase shifter array, a second uniform rectangular phase shifter array, and a uniform rectangular antenna array, wherein the first uniform rectangular phase shifter array The row L and column M of the rectangular phase shifter array, the second uniform rectangular phase shifter array and the uniform rectangular antenna array are all the same, and the first radio frequency link is respectively associated with each phase shifter in the first uniform rectangular phase shifter array Connection, each phase shifter in the first uniform rectangular phase shifter array and each antenna in the uniform rectangular phase shifter array are connected one by one, and the second radio frequency link is respectively connected with each phase shifter in the second uniform rectangular phase shifter array. The phase shifters are connected, and each phase shifter in the second uniform rectangular phase shifter array is connected to each antenna in the uniform rectangular antenna array in one-to-one correspondence. The first uniform rectangular phase shifter array and the above beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000084
The row L and column M are the same, and each phase shifter in the first uniform rectangular phase shifter array is passed through the beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000085
The corresponding elements in the phase are adjusted. The second uniform rectangular phase shifter array and the beamforming matrix described above
Figure BDA0003534529150000086
The row L and column M are the same, and the individual phase shifters in the second uniform rectangular phase shifter array are passed through the beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000087
The corresponding elements in the phase are adjusted.

在一个实施例中，对于一个由L×M根天线组成的均匀矩形天线阵列，所述均匀矩形天线阵列在空间角度

Figure BDA0003534529150000088
处的阵列响应矢量可由公式1得到。In one embodiment, for a uniform rectangular antenna array composed of L×M antennas, the uniform rectangular antenna array has a spatial angle of
Figure BDA0003534529150000088
The array response vector at can be obtained from Equation 1.

将待发数据流进行空时块编码，空时块编码采用4x4 STBC码，具体如下：Space-time block coding is performed on the data stream to be sent, and 4x4 STBC code is used for space-time block coding, as follows:

Figure BDA0003534529150000089
Figure BDA0003534529150000089

根据公式7得到

Figure BDA00035345291500000810
共四个波束赋形矩阵，可采用如图3所示的全连接波束赋形结构。According to formula 7 we get
Figure BDA00035345291500000810
There are four beamforming matrices in total, and the fully connected beamforming structure shown in Figure 3 can be used.

S300，通过所述两级波束赋形矩阵对所述编码后的数据流进行波束赋形，生成所述均匀矩形天线阵列的待发信号。S300. Perform beamforming on the encoded data stream by using the two-stage beamforming matrix to generate the to-be-transmitted signal of the uniform rectangular antenna array.

具体地，所述待发信号为：Specifically, the to-be-sent signal is:

Figure BDA0003534529150000091
Figure BDA0003534529150000091

其中，X(t)表示待发信号，

Figure BDA0003534529150000093
表示sn(t)的空域波束赋形，n＝1，…，N，N为正整数。where X(t) represents the signal to be sent,
Figure BDA0003534529150000093
Represents the spatial beamforming of s n (t), n=1, . . . , N, where N is a positive integer.

在一个实施例中，假设一个24×40均匀矩形阵列，即L＝24，M＝40，选取空间角度

Figure BDA0003534529150000092
作为用户终端所在位置，对本申请的两级波束赋形方法的波束图进行仿真。仿真结果如图4-图6所示，图4为定向波束赋形方案，图5(天线分组方案R＝12，C＝10)和图6(天线分组方案R＝4，C＝4)为两级波束赋形方案，可以看到相对于定向波束赋形方案，本申请的两级波束赋形方法可以通过调整天线分组方案，在减小波束增益的同时，增大波束的主瓣宽度，以满足不同的实际通信需求。因此，本申请的两级波束赋形方法可以在波束增益与波束主瓣宽度之间进行权衡。In one embodiment, assuming a 24×40 uniform rectangular array, ie L=24, M=40, the spatial angle is selected
Figure BDA0003534529150000092
As the location of the user terminal, the beam pattern of the two-stage beamforming method of the present application is simulated. The simulation results are shown in Figure 4-Figure 6, Figure 4 is the directional beamforming scheme, Figure 5 (antenna grouping scheme R=12, C=10) and Figure 6 (antenna grouping scheme R=4, C=4) are For the two-stage beamforming scheme, it can be seen that compared with the directional beamforming scheme, the two-stage beamforming method of the present application can reduce the beam gain while increasing the main lobe width of the beam by adjusting the antenna grouping scheme. To meet different practical communication needs. Therefore, the two-stage beamforming method of the present application can make a trade-off between the beam gain and the beam main lobe width.

本申请的两级波束赋形方法，通过对待发数据流进行空时块编码，得到编码后的数据流；构建均匀矩形天线阵列对应的两级波束赋形矩阵；通过所述两级波束赋形矩阵对所述编码后的数据流进行波束赋形，生成所述均匀矩形天线阵列的待发信号。如此设置，能够实现公共信号的高可靠高效率传输，相比于直接应用上述传统的定向波束赋形，由于波束的主瓣宽度变宽，覆盖角度区域变大，波束扫描次数减少，提高了公共信号的传输效率；相比于直接应用上述全方向波束赋形，获得了一定的波束增益，提高了公共信号的传输可靠性，从而提升整体网络的性能。In the two-stage beamforming method of the present application, the encoded data stream is obtained by performing space-time block coding on the data stream to be sent; a two-stage beamforming matrix corresponding to a uniform rectangular antenna array is constructed; The matrix beamforms the encoded data stream to generate the to-be-transmitted signal of the uniform rectangular antenna array. In this way, highly reliable and efficient transmission of public signals can be achieved. Compared with the direct application of the above-mentioned traditional directional beamforming, because the main lobe width of the beam becomes wider, the coverage angle area becomes larger, the number of beam scans is reduced, and the number of beam scans is reduced. Signal transmission efficiency; compared with the direct application of the above omnidirectional beamforming, a certain beam gain is obtained, which improves the transmission reliability of public signals, thereby improving the performance of the overall network.

如图7所示，在一个实施例中，提供了一种两级波束赋形方法，应用于基站，两级波束赋形方法具体包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG. 7 , in an embodiment, a two-stage beamforming method is provided, which is applied to a base station. The two-stage beamforming method specifically includes the following steps:

S10，构建第一极化天线子阵列对应的第一波束赋形矩阵，通过所述第一波束赋形矩阵对待发数据流进行波束赋形，得到第一极化信号，通过所述第一极化天线子阵列发送所述第一极化信号。S10, construct a first beamforming matrix corresponding to the first polarized antenna sub-array, and perform beamforming on the data stream to be sent by using the first beamforming matrix to obtain a first polarized signal. The polarized antenna sub-array transmits the first polarized signal.

S20，构建第二极化天线子阵列对应的第二波束赋形矩阵，通过所述第二波束赋形矩阵对所述待发数据流进行波束赋形，得到第二极化信号，通过所述第二极化天线子阵列发送所述第二极化信号。S20, construct a second beamforming matrix corresponding to the second polarized antenna sub-array, and perform beamforming on the data stream to be sent by using the second beamforming matrix to obtain a second polarized signal, The second polarized antenna sub-array transmits the second polarized signal.

在本实施例中，所述第一极化天线子阵列为左极化天线子阵列，所述第一波束赋形矩阵为左极化波束赋形矩阵，所述第二极化天线子阵列为右极化天线子阵列，所述第二波束赋形矩阵为右极化波束赋形矩阵。可以了解，在可选地实施例中，所述第一极化天线子阵列为水平极化天线子阵列，所述第一波束赋形矩阵为水平极化波束赋形矩阵，所述第二极化天线子阵列为垂直极化天线子阵列，所述第二波束赋形矩阵为垂直极化波束赋形矩阵。In this embodiment, the first polarized antenna subarray is a left polarized antenna subarray, the first beamforming matrix is a left polarized beamforming matrix, and the second polarized antenna subarray is A right-polarized antenna sub-array, and the second beamforming matrix is a right-polarized beamforming matrix. It can be understood that, in an optional embodiment, the first polarized antenna sub-array is a horizontally polarized antenna sub-array, the first beamforming matrix is a horizontally polarized beamforming matrix, and the second polarized The antenna sub-array is a vertically polarized antenna sub-array, and the second beamforming matrix is a vertically polarized beamforming matrix.

具体地，通过一对格雷互补矩阵与定向波束赋形矩阵构建左极化天线子阵列对应的左极化波束赋形矩阵和右极化天线子阵列对应的右极化波束赋形矩阵。Specifically, a left-polarized beamforming matrix corresponding to the left-polarized antenna subarray and a right-polarized beamforming matrix corresponding to the right-polarized antenna subarray are constructed by a pair of Golay complementary matrices and a directional beamforming matrix.

在本实施例中，左极化天线子阵列和右极化天线子阵列共同形成均匀矩形天线阵列。In this embodiment, the left-polarized antenna sub-array and the right-polarized antenna sub-array together form a uniform rectangular antenna array.

在一个实施例中，均匀矩形天线阵列由L×M根天线组成，L为均匀矩形天线阵列的行，M为均匀矩形天线阵列的列，所述均匀矩形天线阵列在空间角度

Figure BDA0003534529150000101
处的阵列响应矢量对应的计算公式为：In one embodiment, the uniform rectangular antenna array consists of L×M antennas, where L is the row of the uniform rectangular antenna array, M is the column of the uniform rectangular antenna array, and the uniform rectangular antenna array is in a spatial angle
Figure BDA0003534529150000101
The corresponding calculation formula of the array response vector at is:

Figure BDA0003534529150000102
Figure BDA0003534529150000102

for l＝1，2，…，L；m＝1，2，…，M；for l=1,2,...,L; m=1,2,...,M;

Figure BDA0003534529150000103
Figure BDA0003534529150000103

其中，

Figure BDA0003534529150000104
表示均匀矩形天线阵列的阵列响应矢量，阵列响应矢量是均匀矩形天线阵列中的天线对某一方向来波的响应能力。如图2所示，以均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面中的任一点为坐标原点，以均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面为xoy平面且以均匀矩形天线阵列所在平面的法向量为z轴建立空间直角坐标系，
Figure BDA0003534529150000105
表示在空间直角坐标系中待发信号的发射方向与z轴之间的夹角，θ表示在空间直角坐标系中待发信号的发射方向在xoy平面上的投影与x轴之间的夹角，λ表示待发信号的波长，dx表示均匀矩形天线阵列中相邻两根天线在x方向上的距离，dy表示均匀矩形天线阵列中相邻两根天线在y方向上的距离。in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000104
Represents the array response vector of a uniform rectangular antenna array. The array response vector is the response capability of the antenna in a uniform rectangular antenna array to waves coming from a certain direction. As shown in Figure 2, taking any point in the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located as the coordinate origin, the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located is the xoy plane and the normal vector of the plane where the uniform rectangular antenna array is located is the z-axis to establish a space rectangular coordinate system ,
Figure BDA0003534529150000105
Represents the angle between the emission direction of the signal to be sent and the z-axis in the space rectangular coordinate system, θ represents the angle between the projection of the emission direction of the signal to be sent on the xoy plane and the x-axis in the space rectangular coordinate system , λ represents the wavelength of the signal to be sent, d x represents the distance between two adjacent antennas in the uniform rectangular antenna array in the x direction, and dy represents the distance between the two adjacent antennas in the y direction in the uniform rectangular antenna array.

假设一对全方向波束赋形矩阵为

Figure BDA0003534529150000106
其中，
Figure BDA0003534529150000107
所述
Figure BDA0003534529150000108
的自相关对应的计算公式为：Suppose a pair of omnidirectional beamforming matrices are
Figure BDA0003534529150000106
in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000107
said
Figure BDA0003534529150000108
The corresponding calculation formula of the autocorrelation is:

Figure BDA0003534529150000109
Figure BDA0003534529150000109

Figure BDA00035345291500001010
Figure BDA00035345291500001010

Figure BDA00035345291500001011
Figure BDA00035345291500001011

Figure BDA00035345291500001012
Figure BDA00035345291500001012

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500001013
表示y方向的平移量，τ表示x方向的平移量，(·)*表示共轭。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500001013
represents the amount of translation in the y direction, τ represents the amount of translation in the x direction, and ( ) * represents the conjugate.

所述左极化全方向波束赋形矩阵

Figure BDA00035345291500001014
和右极化全方向波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA00035345291500001015
满足公式(19)的条件：The left-polarized omnidirectional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500001014
and right-polarized omnidirectional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500001015
The condition of formula (19) is satisfied:

Figure BDA0003534529150000111
Figure BDA0003534529150000111

其中，所述左极化全方向波束赋形矩阵

Figure BDA0003534529150000112
和右极化全方向波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA0003534529150000113
为
Figure BDA0003534529150000114
即自相关互补矩阵(Autocorrelation Complementary Matrices，ACM)，同时也是一对格雷互补矩阵(Golay Complementary Matrices，GCM)，
Figure BDA0003534529150000115
和δ(τ)均为克罗内克函数，即
Figure BDA0003534529150000116
Wherein, the left-polarized omnidirectional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000112
and right-polarized omnidirectional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000113
for
Figure BDA0003534529150000114
That is, Autocorrelation Complementary Matrices (ACM) and a pair of Golay Complementary Matrices (GCM),
Figure BDA0003534529150000115
and δ(τ) are both Kronecker functions, namely
Figure BDA0003534529150000116

假设定向波束赋形矩阵为

Figure BDA0003534529150000117
其中，
Figure BDA0003534529150000118
所述定向波束赋形矩阵为：Suppose the directional beamforming matrix is
Figure BDA0003534529150000117
in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000118
The directional beamforming matrix is:

Figure BDA0003534529150000119
Figure BDA0003534529150000119

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500001110
表示定向波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA00035345291500001111
在(r，c)处的元素。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500001110
Represents a directional beamforming matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500001111
The element at (r,c).

在一个实施例中，当且仅当所述两级波束赋形矩阵满足：In one embodiment, if and only if the two-stage beamforming matrix satisfies:

Figure BDA00035345291500001112
其中n＝1，…，N，L＝RP，M＝CQ，
Figure BDA00035345291500001113
表示克罗尼克积运算，相比于RC根功率为1的天线阵列直接做定向波束赋形，在空间角度
Figure BDA00035345291500001114
的终端接收到的信号强度
Figure BDA00035345291500001115
的值会增大PQ倍。
Figure BDA00035345291500001112
where n=1,...,N, L=RP, M=CQ,
Figure BDA00035345291500001113
Indicates the Kronic product operation. Compared with the antenna array with the RC root power of 1, the directional beamforming is directly performed.
Figure BDA00035345291500001114
The signal strength received by the terminal
Figure BDA00035345291500001115
The value of will increase PQ times.

证明如下：The proof is as follows:

令

Figure BDA00035345291500001116
和
Figure BDA00035345291500001117
在空间角度
Figure BDA00035345291500001118
的终端将经过正交双极化天线的接收信号进行合并，得到接收信号强度
Figure BDA00035345291500001119
如下公式(21)：make
Figure BDA00035345291500001116
and
Figure BDA00035345291500001117
in space
Figure BDA00035345291500001118
The terminal combines the received signals through the orthogonal dual-polarized antennas to obtain the received signal strength
Figure BDA00035345291500001119
The following formula (21):

Figure BDA00035345291500001120
Figure BDA00035345291500001120

Figure BDA0003534529150000121
Figure BDA0003534529150000121

其中，

Figure BDA0003534529150000122
表示在空间角度
Figure BDA0003534529150000123
的UE端接收功率,上述
Figure BDA0003534529150000124
表示左极化天线子阵列的阵列响应矢量，
Figure BDA0003534529150000125
表示右极化天线子阵列的阵列响应矢量，
Figure BDA0003534529150000126
Figure BDA0003534529150000127
t为时间索引。in,
Figure BDA0003534529150000122
expressed in space
Figure BDA0003534529150000123
The UE side received power, the above
Figure BDA0003534529150000124
represents the array response vector of the left-polarized antenna subarray,
Figure BDA0003534529150000125
represents the array response vector of the right-polarized antenna subarray,
Figure BDA0003534529150000126
Figure BDA0003534529150000127
t is the time index.

定义

Figure BDA0003534529150000128
和
Figure BDA0003534529150000129
如下：definition
Figure BDA0003534529150000128
and
Figure BDA0003534529150000129
as follows:

Figure BDA00035345291500001210
Figure BDA00035345291500001210

Figure BDA00035345291500001211
Figure BDA00035345291500001211

Figure BDA00035345291500001212
Figure BDA00035345291500001212

上述阵列响应

Figure BDA0003534529150000131
根据公式(31)可以改写成如下形式：The above array response
Figure BDA0003534529150000131
According to formula (31), it can be rewritten as follows:

Figure BDA0003534529150000132
Figure BDA0003534529150000132

Figure BDA0003534529150000133
Figure BDA0003534529150000133

其中，L＝RP，M＝CQ，

Figure BDA0003534529150000134
表示克罗尼克积运算。Among them, L=RP, M=CQ,
Figure BDA0003534529150000134
Represents the Kronic product operation.

将公式(32)代入公式(22)，可以推出公式(23)；根据克罗尼克积转置满足分配律性质

Figure BDA0003534529150000135
可由公式23推出公式(24)；根据混合积性质
Figure BDA0003534529150000136
Figure BDA0003534529150000137
可由公式(24)推出公式(25)；根据性质
Figure BDA0003534529150000138
可由公式(25)推出公式(26)；若
Figure BDA0003534529150000139
满足公式(20)，可由公式(28)推出公式(29)；若矩阵
Figure BDA00035345291500001310
为一对格雷互补矩阵(GCM)，即
Figure BDA00035345291500001311
即满足公式(19)，可由公式(29)推出公式(30)。Substituting formula (32) into formula (22), formula (23) can be derived; according to the Kronic product transposition, it satisfies the distributive law property
Figure BDA0003534529150000135
Formula (24) can be derived from formula 23; according to the property of mixed product
Figure BDA0003534529150000136
Figure BDA0003534529150000137
Formula (25) can be derived from formula (24); according to the properties
Figure BDA0003534529150000138
Formula (26) can be derived from formula (25); if
Figure BDA0003534529150000139
Satisfying formula (20), formula (29) can be derived from formula (28); if the matrix
Figure BDA00035345291500001310
is a pair of Gray complementary matrices (GCM), namely
Figure BDA00035345291500001311
That is, if formula (19) is satisfied, formula (30) can be derived from formula (29).

在一个实例中，对所述均匀矩形天线阵列做波束赋形的左极化两级波束赋形矩阵为

Figure BDA00035345291500001312
和右极化两级波束赋形矩阵为
Figure BDA00035345291500001313
为：In one example, the left-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix for beamforming the uniform rectangular antenna array is:
Figure BDA00035345291500001312
and the right-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix is
Figure BDA00035345291500001313
for:

Figure BDA00035345291500001314
Figure BDA00035345291500001314

Figure BDA00035345291500001315
Figure BDA00035345291500001315

其中，

Figure BDA00035345291500001316
和
Figure BDA00035345291500001317
为一对格雷互补矩阵，
Figure BDA00035345291500001318
表示定向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure BDA00035345291500001319
Figure BDA00035345291500001320
表示克罗尼克积运算。in,
Figure BDA00035345291500001316
and
Figure BDA00035345291500001317
is a pair of Gray complementary matrices,
Figure BDA00035345291500001318
represents the directional beamforming matrix,
Figure BDA00035345291500001319
Figure BDA00035345291500001320
Represents the Kronic product operation.

根据公式(33)得到

Figure BDA00035345291500001321
可采用如图8所示的部分连接波束赋形结构。According to formula (33), we get
Figure BDA00035345291500001321
A partially connected beamforming structure as shown in Figure 8 may be used.

在一个实施例中，对于一个由L×M根天线组成的均匀矩形天线阵列，所述均匀矩形天线阵列在空间角度

Figure BDA00035345291500001322
处的阵列响应矢量可由公式(17)得到。In one embodiment, for a uniform rectangular antenna array composed of L×M antennas, the uniform rectangular antenna array has a spatial angle of
Figure BDA00035345291500001322
The array response vector at can be obtained from equation (17).

具体地，本申请通过所述左极化波束赋形矩阵对待发数据流进行波束赋形，生成所述左极化波束赋形矩阵对应的第一信号；通过所述右极化波束赋形矩阵对待发数据流进行波束赋形，生成所述右极化波束赋形矩阵对应的第二信号；左极化天线子阵列对所述第一信号进行左极化处理，得到待发左极化信号；右极化天线子阵列对所述第二信号进行右极化处理，得到待发右极化信号，其中，所述待发左极化信号和所述待发右极化信号为正交关系。当终端通过第一天线接收左极化天线子阵列发送的左极化信号和第二天线接收右极化天线子阵列发送的右极化信号时，终端对左极化信号和右极化信号进行合并处理。Specifically, the present application performs beamforming on the data stream to be sent by using the left-polarized beamforming matrix to generate a first signal corresponding to the left-polarized beamforming matrix; and using the right-polarized beamforming matrix Perform beamforming on the data stream to be sent to generate a second signal corresponding to the right-polarized beamforming matrix; the left-polarized antenna sub-array performs left-polarization processing on the first signal to obtain a left-polarized signal to be sent The right-polarized antenna subarray performs right-polarization processing on the second signal to obtain a right-polarized signal to be sent, wherein the left-polarized signal to be sent and the right-polarized signal to be sent are in an orthogonal relationship . When the terminal receives the left-polarized signal sent by the left-polarized antenna subarray through the first antenna and the right-polarized signal sent by the right-polarized antenna subarray through the second antenna, the terminal performs Merge processing.

具体地，部分连接波束赋形结构包括第一射频链路、第二射频链路、左极化均匀矩形移相器阵列、右极化均匀矩形移相器阵列以及均匀矩形天线阵列，其中，均匀矩形天线阵列包括左极化天线子阵列和右极化天线子阵列，左极化均匀矩形移相器阵列、右极化均匀矩形移相器阵列、左极化天线子阵列以及右极化天线子阵列的行L和列M/2均相同，第一射频链路分别与左极化均匀矩形移相器阵列中的每个移相器连接，左极化均匀矩形移相器阵列中的各个移相器和左极化天线子阵列中的各个天线一一对应连接，第二射频链路分别与右极化均匀矩形移相器阵列中的每个移相器连接，右极化均匀矩形移相器阵列中的各个移相器和右极化天线子阵列中的各个天线一一对应连接。左极化均匀矩形移相器阵列和上述左极化波束赋形矩阵

Figure BDA0003534529150000141
的行L和列M/2均相同，左极化均匀矩形移相器阵列中的各个移相器通过波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA0003534529150000142
中对应地元素进行相位调节。右极化均匀矩形移相器阵列和上述右极化波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA0003534529150000143
的行L和列M/2均相同，右极化均匀矩形移相器阵列中的各个移相器通过右极化波束赋形矩阵
Figure BDA0003534529150000144
中对应地元素进行相位调节。Specifically, the partially connected beamforming structure includes a first radio frequency link, a second radio frequency link, a left-polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array, a right-polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array, and a uniform rectangular antenna array, wherein the uniform The rectangular antenna array includes left-polarized antenna sub-array and right-polarized antenna sub-array, left-polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array, right-polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array, left-polarized antenna sub-array and right-polarized antenna sub-array. Both the row L and the column M/2 of the array are the same, the first radio frequency link is respectively connected to each phase shifter in the left polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array, and each phase shifter in the left polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array is connected. The phase shifters are connected to each antenna in the left-polarized antenna sub-array in a one-to-one correspondence, and the second radio frequency link is respectively connected to each phase shifter in the right-polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array, and the right-polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter is Each phase shifter in the array is connected to each antenna in the right-polarized antenna sub-array in a one-to-one correspondence. Left-polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array and the above-mentioned left-polarized beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000141
The row L and column M/2 are the same, and each phase shifter in the left polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array is passed through the beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000142
The corresponding elements in the phase are adjusted. Right polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array and the above right polarized beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000143
The row L and column M/2 are the same, and each phase shifter in the right-polarized uniform rectangular phase shifter array is passed through the right-polarized beamforming matrix
Figure BDA0003534529150000144
The corresponding elements in the phase are adjusted.

本申请的两级波束赋形方法，通过构建左极化天线子阵列对应的左极化波束赋形矩阵；构建右极化天线子阵列对应的右极化波束赋形矩阵；通过所述左极化波束赋形矩阵对待发数据流进行波束赋形，生成所述左极化波束赋形矩阵对应的第一信号；通过所述右极化波束赋形矩阵对待发数据流进行波束赋形，生成所述右极化波束赋形矩阵对应的第二信号；通过对所述第一信号进行左极化处理，得到待发左极化信号；对所述第二信号进行右极化处理，得到待发右极化信号；其中，所述待发左极化信号和所述待发右极化信号为正交关系。如此设置，能够实现公共信号的高可靠高效率传输，相比于直接应用上述传统的定向波束赋形，由于波束的主瓣宽度变宽，覆盖角度区域变大，波束扫描次数减少，提高了公共信号的传输效率；相比于直接应用上述全方向波束赋形，获得了一定的波束增益，提高了公共信号的传输可靠性，从而提升整体网络的性能。In the two-stage beamforming method of the present application, the left-polarized beamforming matrix corresponding to the left-polarized antenna sub-array is constructed; the right-polarized beam-forming matrix corresponding to the right-polarized antenna sub-array is constructed; performing beamforming on the data stream to be sent by the beamforming matrix to generate a first signal corresponding to the left polarized beamforming matrix; performing beamforming on the data stream to be sent by using the right polarized beamforming matrix to generate the second signal corresponding to the right-polarized beamforming matrix; performing left-polarization processing on the first signal to obtain a left-polarized signal to be sent; performing right-polarization processing on the second signal to obtain a to-be-transmitted signal Sending a right-polarized signal; wherein, the left-polarized signal to be sent and the right-polarized signal to be sent are in an orthogonal relationship. In this way, highly reliable and efficient transmission of public signals can be achieved. Compared with the direct application of the above-mentioned traditional directional beamforming, because the main lobe width of the beam becomes wider, the coverage angle area becomes larger, the number of beam scans is reduced, and the number of beam scans is reduced. Signal transmission efficiency; compared with the direct application of the above omnidirectional beamforming, a certain beam gain is obtained, which improves the transmission reliability of public signals, thereby improving the performance of the overall network.

以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above descriptions are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Under the inventive concept of the present invention, the equivalent structural transformations made by the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention, or the direct/indirect application Other related technical fields are included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1.一种两级波束赋形方法，其特征在于，包括：1. a two-stage beamforming method, is characterized in that, comprises: (一)构建第一极化天线子阵列对应的第一波束赋形矩阵，通过所述第一波束赋形矩阵对待发数据流进行波束赋形，得到第一极化信号，通过所述第一极化天线子阵列发送所述第一极化信号；(1) Constructing a first beamforming matrix corresponding to the first polarized antenna sub-array, and performing beamforming on the data stream to be sent through the first beamforming matrix to obtain a first polarized signal, and passing the first beamforming matrix the polarized antenna sub-array sends the first polarized signal; (二)构建第二极化天线子阵列对应的第二波束赋形矩阵，通过所述第二波束赋形矩阵对所述待发数据流进行波束赋形，得到第二极化信号，通过所述第二极化天线子阵列发送所述第二极化信号；(2) Constructing a second beamforming matrix corresponding to the second polarized antenna sub-array, and performing beamforming on the data stream to be sent by using the second beamforming matrix to obtain a second polarized signal, which is passed through the second beamforming matrix. sending the second polarized signal by the second polarized antenna sub-array; 其中，所述第一极化天线子阵列和所述第二极化天线子阵列为正交关系。Wherein, the first polarized antenna sub-array and the second polarized antenna sub-array are in an orthogonal relationship. 2.根据权利要求1所述的两级波束赋形方法，其特征在于，所述第一极化天线子阵列为左极化天线子阵列，所述第一波束赋形矩阵为左极化波束赋形矩阵，所述第二极化天线子阵列为右极化天线子阵列，所述第二波束赋形矩阵为右极化波束赋形矩阵；或者；所述第一极化天线子阵列为水平极化天线子阵列，所述第一波束赋形矩阵为水平极化波束赋形矩阵，所述第二极化天线子阵列为垂直极化天线子阵列，所述第二波束赋形矩阵为垂直极化波束赋形矩阵。2. The two-stage beamforming method according to claim 1, wherein the first polarized antenna subarray is a left polarized antenna subarray, and the first beamforming matrix is a left polarized beam A shaping matrix, the second polarized antenna sub-array is a right-polarized antenna sub-array, and the second beam-forming matrix is a right-polarized beam-forming matrix; or; the first polarized antenna sub-array is A horizontally polarized antenna subarray, the first beamforming matrix is a horizontally polarized beamforming matrix, the second polarized antenna subarray is a vertically polarized antenna subarray, and the second beamforming matrix is Vertically polarized beamforming matrix. 3.根据权利要求2所述的两级波束赋形方法，其特征在于，3. The two-stage beamforming method according to claim 2, wherein, 通过一对格雷互补矩阵和定向波束赋形矩阵构建左极化天线子阵列对应的左极化波束赋形矩阵和右极化天线子阵列对应的右极化波束赋形矩阵。The left-polarized beamforming matrix corresponding to the left-polarized antenna subarray and the right-polarized beamforming matrix corresponding to the right-polarized antenna subarray are constructed by a pair of Golay complementary matrices and directional beamforming matrices. 4.根据权利要求3所述的两级波束赋形方法，其特征在于，所述左极化波束赋形矩阵和所述右极化波束赋形矩阵为：4. The two-stage beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the left polarized beamforming matrix and the right polarized beamforming matrix are:
Figure FDA0003534529140000011
Figure FDA0003534529140000011
Figure FDA0003534529140000012
Figure FDA0003534529140000012
 其中，
Figure FDA0003534529140000013
表示左极化两级波束赋形矩阵，
Figure FDA0003534529140000014
表示右极化两级波束赋形矩阵，
Figure FDA0003534529140000015
和
Figure FDA0003534529140000016
为一对格雷互补矩阵，
Figure FDA0003534529140000017
表示定向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure FDA0003534529140000018
Figure FDA0003534529140000019
表示克罗尼克积运算。in,
Figure FDA0003534529140000013
represents the left-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000014
represents the right-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000015
and
Figure FDA0003534529140000016
is a pair of Gray complementary matrices,
Figure FDA0003534529140000017
represents the directional beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000018
Figure FDA0003534529140000019
Represents the Kronic product operation. 5.根据权利要求3所述的两级波束赋形方法，其特征在于，所述左极化波束赋形矩阵和所述右极化波束赋形矩阵为：5. The two-stage beamforming method according to claim 3, wherein the left polarized beamforming matrix and the right polarized beamforming matrix are:
Figure FDA00035345291400000110
Figure FDA00035345291400000110
Figure FDA00035345291400000111
Figure FDA00035345291400000111
 其中，
Figure FDA0003534529140000021
表示左极化两级波束赋形矩阵，
Figure FDA0003534529140000022
表示右极化两级波束赋形矩阵，
Figure FDA0003534529140000023
和
Figure FDA0003534529140000024
为一对格雷互补矩阵，
Figure FDA0003534529140000025
表示定向波束赋形矩阵，
Figure FDA0003534529140000026
Figure FDA0003534529140000027
表示克罗尼克积运算。in,
Figure FDA0003534529140000021
represents the left-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000022
represents the right-polarized two-stage beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000023
and
Figure FDA0003534529140000024
is a pair of Gray complementary matrices,
Figure FDA0003534529140000025
represents the directional beamforming matrix,
Figure FDA0003534529140000026
Figure FDA0003534529140000027
Represents the Kronic product operation.
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