CN106788652A - High-order direction modulator approach based on beam forming - Google Patents
High-order direction modulator approach based on beam forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN106788652A CN106788652A CN201710102108.5A CN201710102108A CN106788652A CN 106788652 A CN106788652 A CN 106788652A CN 201710102108 A CN201710102108 A CN 201710102108A CN 106788652 A CN106788652 A CN 106788652A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/345—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information
- H04L27/3461—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel
- H04L27/3477—Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel by using the outer points of the constellation or of the constituent two-dimensional constellations
Abstract
The invention belongs to the Array Signal Processing field in the communication technology, it is used in the high rate data transmission for need carrying out anti-eavesdrop communication, implementation method is that the high-order direction based on beam forming is modulated.The present invention provides a kind of high-order direction modulator approach based on beam forming.The inventive method is to realize the modulation of different amplitudes using the gain multiplication factor of beam forming when for high order modulation, and approaches traditional beam forming gain as far as possible.The renewal that the method for use direction modulation carries out array element weights substitutes baseband modulation, while ensure that the security of desired orientation and the non-reduced of beam forming gain.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Array Signal Processing field in the communication technology, being used in carries out needing to carry out anti-eavesdrop communication
In high rate data transmission, implementation method is that the high-order direction based on beam forming is modulated.
Background technology
With extensive use of the wireless communication technology in different industries, security of the communication information in transmitting procedure is asked
Topic causes all the more the concern of people.Traditional solution is all to ensure the communication information using key and secure transfer protocol
Security, but with the enhancing and the development of new network without center of listener-in's computing capability, the safety approach of traditional approach is received
To increasing challenge.Safety of physical layer is the utilization radio communication system for growing up on the basis of Shannon information theory in recent years
The characteristics of system itself, solves the study hotspot of transmission information security, such as man made noise's Aided Physical layer safe communication system,
Safety of physical layer communication system based on coding techniques and the cooperation safety of physical layer communication system based on theory of games.
Traditional wireless communication transmitter is all the modulation that digital communication is realized in base band, then upconverts to and penetrates
Frequently, modulated radio signal is by amplifier drive transmitting antenna or antenna array radiated communications information.The nothing launched by this way
Line signal of communication, interception receiver receives information that signal includes and main lobe in secondary lobe, and to expect that receiver receives signal identical,
Only difference is that the signal to noise ratio for receiving signal is different, if the enough sensitivity of interception receiver still can be from connecing
The useful communication information is demodulated in the collection of letters number.For this case come in recent years, multiple antennas are received and dispatched array application by researcher
In the safety of physical layer communications field, it is proposed that direction modulation technique.The technology is using multi-antenna transmission battle array in wireless communication system
Row directly comprehensively go out the digital modulation signals with directional characteristic in antenna end, and solving the communication information from signal modulation angle is passing
Safety issue during defeated.Relative phase of the wireless communication signals of transmitting between orientation reception signal constellation point is expected
Relation is identical with base-band digital modulated signal, and validated user can normal demodulated received signal；And unexpected orientation eavesdropping is received
The relative phase relation that machine is received between signal constellation point produces distortion, and listener-in cannot demodulate communication letter from signal is received
Breath.
Change of traditional direction modulation technique typically using the N roots antenna difference phase-shift value of phased array antenna is remote in antenna
End comprehensively goes out desired planisphere, and direction modulation at this stage is usually that limited modulation is carried out under conditions of permanent envelope, and
In order to the planisphere for realizing higher order is modulated, it is necessary to consider the modulation of different amplitudes and the modulation problems of out of phase point, herein
A new thinking is proposed, the modulation of different amplitudes is realized by beam forming gain, while reducing loss as far as possible due to direction
The gain loss that modulation brings.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high-order direction modulator approach based on beam forming.The inventive method is
The modulation of different amplitudes is realized using the gain multiplication factor of beam forming when for high order modulation, and is approached as far as possible
Traditional beam forming gain.
Understand for convenience, the model that the present invention is used is introduced first：
The present invention is combined for realizing array gain and the security of direction modulation in space, and basic model is array day
Electromagnetic field value of the line in remote place forming：Wherein,Represent the ripple of transmission direction
Number vector,WithRepresent receiving point position vector and each array element distance value.
For the directional diagram AP of omnidirectional antenna array element individual antennan(θ)=1, while using half-wavelength conduct in linear array
Array element spacing, so the far field E of antenna can be defined as formulaWherein, θ is that signal enters
Firing angle, normal is set as 90o, phase center point is set as array center, n=1,2...N.
A kind of high-order direction modulator approach based on beam forming, comprises the following steps that：
S1, foundation are different from the Antenna Far Field model of traditional beam forming：
In direction modulation (DM), GnWith DmChange ceaselessly updated, while willIncrease as a new plural number
Beneficial Gn' control the Wave-packet shaping network to replace base band D simultaneouslymIt is modulated, wherein, N is antenna array columns, and θ is incident signal
Angle；
S2, high-order modulation constellation figure is divided into amplitude A MP and phase PHASE two parts, i.e., single constellation point value is AMP
(x)ejPHASE(x), wherein, x is x-th constellation point, and AMP is the amplitude after being normalized for outermost amplitude；
S3, using array antenna number N, sets target planisphere outermost star chart point amplitude is N-y, sets each constellation point
It is (N-y) * AMP (x) e in Antenna Far Field radiation target valuejPHASE(x)Wherein, 0 ＜ y≤1；
S4, by array signal weights change, synthesize expectation target constellation point, comprise the following steps that：
S41, foundation are as follows using the model of phased array antenna weights synthesis constellation point：
Wherein,In φiIt is by genetic algorithm or population
Algorithm etc. carries out the numerical value obtained after office solves of demanding perfection, and makes it and equal to expectation constellation point (N-y) * AMP (x) ejPHASE(x), its
In, i=1,2 ..., N；
S42, using the nonnumeric algorithm such as synthesis such as genetic algorithm, particle cluster algorithm planisphere, sets target function is
X-th constellation point AMP (x) ejPHASE(x), by successive ignition carry out solve optimal value x groups it is N number of
S5, substitution have passed through DOA algorithm for estimating or have preassigned to expect that safety receives directionBy traditional wave beam
Shaping Algorithm such as (LCMV) algorithm obtains the weights of N number of bay
S6, the optimization bay weights for obtainingAs new transmitting antenna array element weights；
S7, baseband modulation signal is classified, mapped according to the different antenna array tuples of different symbol correspondences.
In actual signal transmitting is carried out, a symbol is often launched by the mapping of distinct symbols and maps once corresponding antenna weights,
Just high-order direction modulation in the desired direction is formd.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The envelope of high order modulation is not constant, has the difference of amplitude, if its amplitude factor is taken into account into day simultaneously
In the radiated electric field in line far field, integrally account for, i.e., the difference of amplitude is realized by the different gains of Wave-packet shaping network,
What is experienced when propagation in air is same channel decline, so similar to traditional baseband modulation.Meanwhile, use direction is adjusted
The renewal that the method for system carries out array element weights substitutes baseband modulation, while ensure that the security and beam forming of desired orientation increase
The non-reduced of benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that traditional 16APSK signals are adjusted by the planisphere that Wave-packet shaping network is formed with based on beam forming direction
The 16APSK planispheres of system.
Fig. 2 is the array gain value by various constellations point.
Fig. 3 is that 16APSK is by the bit error rate after channel in different angles.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is a kind of that high-order direction modulator approach is realized based on beam forming, comprise the following steps that：
S1：Set up the Antenna Far Field model for being different from traditional beam forming：
Assuming that antenna array columns is N=16, array element spacing is λ/2.
By formula it can be seen that come in its different modulation symbol, far-field radiation vector is consistent, by difference
Modulation symbol introduces the new free degree can effectively strengthen the security of its radiated electric field.
In direction modulation (DM), GmnWith DmChange ceaselessly updated, while willAs one
New complex gain Gmn' control the Wave-packet shaping network to replace base band D simultaneouslymBe modulated, can also be regarded as a kind of new
Antenna weights.
S2：16APSK modulation constellations are divided into outer ring amplitude 1, inner ring amplitude 0.5540,8*8APSK modulation, Internal and external cycle
Phase is respectively π/8 initial phase, and with π/4 as phase intervals, 8 phases, Internal and external cycle phase is identical.Simultaneously according to original justice
AMP(x)ejPHASE(x)It is distributed, AMP is the amplitude after being normalized with outermost amplitude.
S3：Using array antenna number 16, sets target planisphere outermost star chart point amplitude (16-0.5), then setting is each
Individual constellation point is being (16-0.5) * AMP (x) e in Antenna Far Field radiation target valuejPHASE(x).
S4：The change by the weights of array signal is set, synthesizes expectation target constellation point, comprised the following steps that：
S41：Set up as follows using the model of phased array antenna weights synthesis constellation point：
Wherein,In φiIt is to be calculated by genetic algorithm or population
Method etc. carries out seeking the numerical value obtained after global solution, makes it and equal to expectation constellation point (15.5) * AMP (x) ejPHASE(x)。
S42：Using nonnumeric algorithm such as genetic algorithm synthesis planisphere, sets target function is x-th constellation point AMP
(x)ejPHASE(x), by successive ignition solve the x groups 16 of optimal value
S421：10000 binary system heredity of random generation are individual.
S422：Scope-pi~+the pi of phased array is set, the binary sequence range set by random generation is phased array
Scope, corresponds, and seeks target function valueSetting N=16.
S423：Calculate individual fitness.
S424：Selection, single-point restructuring intersect
S425：Cross and variation.
S426：Binary system is changed to the decimal system, then calculating target function value.
S427：Iteration, sets genetic algebra as 50 generations again, preserves optimal value.
S5:Assuming that passed through DOA algorithm for estimating or preassigned to expect that safety receives direction θ, by traditional wave beam
Shaping Algorithm such as (LCMV) algorithm obtains 16 weights of bay
S6：With reference to the optimization bay weights that S4 and S5 are obtainedWeighed as new transmitting antenna array element
Value.
S7：Baseband modulation signal is classified, is mapped according to the different antenna array tuple of different symbol correspondences.
In actual signal transmitting is carried out, a symbol is often launched by the mapping of distinct symbols and maps once corresponding antenna weights,
Just high-order direction modulation in the desired direction is formd.
S5:Assuming that passed through DOA algorithm for estimating or preassigned to expect that safety receives direction θ, by traditional wave beam
Shaping Algorithm such as (LCMV) algorithm obtains the weights of N number of bay
S6：With reference to the optimization bay weights that S4 and S5 are obtainedWeighed as new transmitting antenna array element
Value.
S7：Baseband modulation signal is classified, is mapped according to the different antenna array tuple of different symbol correspondences.
In actual signal transmitting is carried out, a symbol is often launched by the mapping of distinct symbols and maps once corresponding antenna weights,
Just high-order direction modulation in the desired direction is formd.
Below by other related algorithms with the inventive method algorithm performance comparative analysis, further to verify of the invention
Performance.
Employ the validity that three aspects carry out metric algorithm, one be with after conventional baseband is modulated by 16 array elements
The planisphere of formation and the planisphere by this method realization are contrasted after antenna；One is with the wave beam for being various constellations point
Directional diagram verifies the loss of its array gain；One is to illustrate that the direction that this method is realized is modulated using traditional ber curve
Security is effective, and only the bit error rate in desired orientation is reduced as the bit error rate is raised, rather than desired orientation is with error code
Rate is raised without change.
Fig. 1 is that conventional constellation figure and this method produce planisphere contrast (being all after with the addition of array gain), and making fork is
Conventional constellation figure point, circle is this method planisphere point, can could see and, and it is completely superposed.
Fig. 2 is by various constellations lattice array gain, it is found that the constellation point of outmost turns just close to full array gain, reaches
To the effect of traditional beam forming, inner ring realizes the scaling of amplitude using gain.
Fig. 3 is four ber curves of different directions, it can be seen that in expected angle 45oOn with the bit error rate raise and
Reduce, rather than desired orientation is as bit error rate rising is without change.
To sum up told, this patent proposes one and new realizes high-order direction modulator approach method based on beam forming.
Combined by the way that the gain of beam forming and direction are modulated into the modulation principle of itself, its amplitude factor is taken into account that antenna is remote simultaneously
In the radiated electric field of field, integrally account for, i.e., the difference of amplitude is realized by the different gains of Wave-packet shaping network, in air
What is experienced when middle propagation is same channel decline, so similar to traditional baseband modulation.Use direction modulation simultaneously
The realization of more newly arriving that method carries out array element weights replaces baseband modulation, it is ensured that the security and beam forming gain of desired orientation
Non-reduced.Experimental result shows, algorithm proposed by the present invention can under conditions of beam forming gain is not reduced as far as possible,
Realize the security of direction modulation.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of high-order direction modulator approach based on beam forming, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that：
S1, foundation are different from the Antenna Far Field model of traditional beam forming：In direction
In modulation (DM), GnWith DmChange ceaselessly updated, while willAs a new complex gain Gn' come
Control Wave-packet shaping network replaces base band D simultaneouslymIt is modulated, wherein, N is antenna array columns, and θ is signal incidence angle；
S2, high-order modulation constellation figure is divided into amplitude A MP and phase PHASE two parts, i.e., single constellation point value is AMP (x)
ejPHASE(x), wherein, x is x-th constellation point, and AMP is the amplitude after being normalized for outermost amplitude；
S3, using array antenna number N, sets target planisphere outermost star chart point amplitude is N-y, sets each constellation point in day
Line far-field radiation desired value is (N-y) * AMP (x) ejPHASE(x)Wherein, 0 ＜ y≤1；
S4, by array signal weights change, synthesize expectation target constellation point, comprise the following steps that：
S41, foundation are as follows using the model of phased array antenna weights synthesis constellation point：
Wherein,In φiIt is to be calculated by genetic algorithm or population
Method etc. carries out the numerical value obtained after office solves of demanding perfection, and makes it and equal to expectation constellation point (N-y) * AMP (x) ejPHASE(x), wherein, i
=1,2 ..., N；
S42, using nonnumeric algorithm for example genetic algorithm, particle cluster algorithm etc. synthesis planisphere, sets target function be x-th
Constellation point AMP (x) ejPHASE(x), by successive ignition carry out solve optimal value x groups it is N number of
S5, substitution have passed through DOA algorithm for estimating or have preassigned to expect that safety receives directionBy traditional beam forming
Algorithm such as (LCMV) algorithm obtains the weights of N number of bay
S6, the optimization bay weights for obtainingAs new transmitting antenna array element weights；
S7, baseband modulation signal is classified, mapped according to the different antenna array tuples of different symbol correspondences.Entering
In the transmitting of row actual signal, a symbol is often launched by the mapping of distinct symbols and maps once corresponding antenna weights, just shape
Into high-order direction modulation in the desired direction.
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| CN108880647A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-11-23 | 深圳大学 | A kind of beam-steering methods based on frequency diversity array antenna |
| CN109639325A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of phased communication means of multicarrier based on communication distance |
| CN112003812A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-11-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Signal modulation method, device and system |
| CN114338311A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-12 | 南京理工大学 | Direction modulation method based on independent optimization of wave control wave beam and interference wave beam |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN114338311A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-12 | 南京理工大学 | Direction modulation method based on independent optimization of wave control wave beam and interference wave beam |
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