CN114447755A - Orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on intracavity polarization conversion device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on intracavity polarization conversion, which comprises a semiconductor pumping source, a coupling lens system, a catadioptric mirror, a gain medium unit and an output coupler which are sequentially arranged, wherein a polarization conversion unit is arranged on the side surface of the catadioptric mirror. By adopting the orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on the intracavity polarization conversion, in the forming process of the first linear polarization laser and the second linear polarization laser, small signals are alternately amplified for multiple times through the first gain medium and the second gain medium respectively, so that the effect of simultaneously meeting the requirements of high conversion efficiency and power balance is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid lasers, in particular to an orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on an intracavity polarization conversion device.
Background
Polarization is one of the most important physical properties of light. The orthogonal polarization laser has extremely wide application scenes in the fields of differential interference imaging, laser display, continuous terahertz wave generation, precision measurement and the like, so that the development of the orthogonal polarization laser source with high conversion efficiency and high polarization degree has great significance.
In the prior art, a solid orthogonal polarization laser source is usually realized by the transition of different Stark energy level fractures of a solid gain medium, the output characteristic of the method is not stable enough, and due to principle limitation, only dual-frequency orthogonal polarization light can be obtained. However, the single-frequency orthogonal polarization laser has unique advantages in some application scenarios, for example, precision measurement, which has advantages of small nonlinear error, no limitation of the measurement range by the dual-frequency difference, and the like. In view of the defects of the single gain medium method, the method considers that the oscillation is realized in the same resonant cavity by using the gain medium which is orthogonally arranged on the c axis of the coaxial pump double blocks of the semiconductor laser, the orthogonal polarization laser can be obtained, the method has simple structure and no gain competition, can generate the single-wavelength orthogonal polarization light, can realize the output of the single-frequency narrow-linewidth orthogonal polarization laser by frequency selection measures such as a method of adding a standard tool and the like, and has unique advantages.
When the dual-gain medium orthogonal placement method is actually applied to generating the single-wavelength orthogonal polarization laser, the contradiction that the conversion efficiency and the orthogonal polarization balance position conflict with each other exists, namely: after the pump light is absorbed by the first gain medium, less pump light is incident to the second gain medium, so that the power output of the polarized oscillation light corresponding to the first gain medium is far higher than that of the polarized oscillation light corresponding to the second gain medium, and the polarization ratio is unbalanced. To avoid this phenomenon, methods of decreasing the absorption of the first gain medium and increasing the absorption of the second gain medium are often used, such as adjusting the output wavelength of the semiconductor laser, decreasing the absorption coefficient of the first gain medium, locating the pump light focusing position inside the second gain medium, and so on. These methods often cause the reduction of conversion efficiency, and cannot exert the advantages of the solid-state laser, so that it is necessary to develop a coaxial pump dual-gain medium laser that has both conversion efficiency and polarization component balance, so as to better exert the advantages of the all-solid-state laser.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on an intracavity polarization conversion device, which realizes intracavity polarization conversion by inserting the polarization device into an end face coaxial pump laser cavity, and further realizes orthogonal polarization gain self-balancing based on the polarization characteristic of a laser gain medium.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on an intracavity polarization conversion device, which comprises a semiconductor pump source, a coupling lens system, a catadioptric mirror, a gain medium unit and an output coupler, which are sequentially arranged, wherein a polarization conversion unit is arranged on a side surface of the catadioptric mirror:
the coupling lens system is connected with the semiconductor pumping source through an energy transmission optical fiber, and focuses the pumping light generated by the semiconductor pumping source to obtain focused light;
the catadioptric mirror is placed at an angle of 45 degrees, one side of the surface of the catadioptric mirror is plated with a high-reflection film and an antireflection film, one side of the film of the catadioptric mirror faces the gain medium unit, and the catadioptric mirror is used for transmitting the focused light and reflecting the oscillation light in the resonant cavity to the polarization conversion unit;
the polarization conversion unit comprises a quarter-wave plate and a total reflection mirror, wherein an antireflection film is plated on the surface of the quarter-wave plate, the total reflection mirror is a plane mirror, a high reflection film is plated on the surface of the total reflection mirror, the film-coated surface of the total reflection mirror faces the gain medium unit, the polarization conversion unit is used for converting and outputting 90-degree polarization of the input oscillation light, then the oscillation light is input to the gain medium unit for gain, and the total reflection mirror is used as a total reflection device of a laser;
the gain medium unit comprises a first gain medium and a second gain medium, the first gain medium and the second gain medium are coaxially arranged, the direction of the crystal optical axis of the first gain medium and the direction of the crystal optical axis of the second gain medium are perpendicular to the light passing direction of a laser, the first gain medium and the second gain medium are used for absorbing the focused light to generate a first linearly polarized laser and a second linearly polarized laser, the wavelength of the first linearly polarized laser is the same as that of the second linearly polarized laser, and the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized laser is perpendicular to that of the second linearly polarized laser;
the output coupler is a plane mirror and is used for forming the resonant cavity with the total reflection device, the first linearly polarized laser and the second linearly polarized laser are circularly reflected in the resonant cavity and then output a first output line polarized laser and a second output line polarized laser through the output coupler respectively, and the power of the first output line polarized laser and the power of the second output line polarized laser are balanced.
Preferably, the first gain medium is configured to absorb a portion of the focused light to achieve continuous gain in a first gain direction perpendicular to the optical bench; the second gain medium is configured to absorb another portion of the focused light to achieve continuous gain in a second gain direction parallel to the optical bench.
Preferably, the first gain medium and the second gain medium are a-axis cut crystals, the a-axis of the first gain medium and the a-axis of the second gain medium coincide with the optical axis of the resonant cavity, and the optical axis direction of the first gain medium is perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the second gain medium.
Preferably, the first gain medium and the second gain medium are doped with Nd3+The birefringent laser crystal of (1).
Preferably, YVO is adopted as the first gain medium and the second gain medium4Nd is YLF or Nd is GdVO4。
Therefore, the orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on the intracavity polarization conversion device with the structure utilizes the end face coaxial pumping structure to pump the double-block gain medium, oscillation light corresponding to the double-gain medium resonates in the same resonant cavity, single-wavelength orthogonal polarization laser is output through the output coupling mirror, in order to improve conversion efficiency, a folding cavity structure is introduced, a quarter-wave plate is inserted between the front cavity mirror and the 90-degree reflecting mirror, so that the polarization direction of the oscillation light is changed in the resonance process, the polarization absorption characteristic of the gain medium is further utilized, the common gain of the single polarization direction from the double-gain medium is realized, and the gain self-balancing orthogonal polarization laser with high conversion efficiency is obtained.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on an intracavity polarization conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the orientation of a polarization rotator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the crystal orientation of the gain medium and the polarization orientation of the oscillating light in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process of gain of the s component in the small signal P according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a semiconductor pump source; 2. a coupling lens system; 3. a catadioptric mirror; 4. a gain medium unit; 41. a first gain medium; 42. a second gain medium; 5. a polarization conversion unit; 51. a quarter wave plate; 52. a total reflection mirror; 6. an output coupler.
A. The fast axis direction of the quarter-wave plate;
s, the optical axis direction of the first gain medium, i.e. the first gain direction;
p, the optical axis direction of the second gain medium, namely the second gain direction;
s', first linearly polarized laser light;
p', second linearly polarized laser light.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
As shown in the figure, the orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on the intra-cavity polarization conversion device comprises a semiconductor pumping source 1, a coupling lens system 2, a catadioptric mirror 3, a gain medium unit 4 and an output coupler 6 which are sequentially arranged, and a polarization conversion unit 5 is arranged on the side surface of the catadioptric mirror 3.
The semiconductor pump source 1 outputs laser with center wavelength of 808nm, core diameter of 400 μm, and NA =0.22The combined output is transmitted to a coupling lens system 2, and the beam expansion ratio is 1: 1, pump light with the beam waist radius of 178 mu M and beam quality factor M2Was 62.4. The coupling lens system 2 focuses the pump light generated by the semiconductor pump source 1 to obtain the focused light.
The catadioptric mirror 3 is placed at an angle of 45 degrees, the surface of the catadioptric mirror 3 is plated with a 808nm antireflection film and a 1064nm high-reflection film at an angle of 45 degrees, one coated surface of the catadioptric mirror 3 faces the gain medium unit 4, and the catadioptric mirror 3 transmits focusing light and reflects oscillating light in the resonant cavity to the polarization conversion unit 5.
A gain medium unit 4 including a first gain medium 41 and a second gain medium 42 coaxially arranged, the first gain medium 41 and the second gain medium 42 being Nd-doped3+Birefringent laser crystals of (2), e.g. Nd: YVO4Nd is YLF or Nd is GdVO4. YVO is a Nd-axis cut with the same size and doping concentration for the two gain media of the embodiment4The size and doping concentration of the crystal grains are respectively 3X 5mm3And 0.2-at.%, absorption coefficients of 213m, respectively-1And 230m-1The end faces of the crystal are coated with antireflection films with wave bands of 808nm and 1064nm, the light transmission directions are all the a axes, namely the z axis in fig. 3, and the first gain medium 41 is placed in a manner of rotating by 90 degrees relative to the second gain medium 42 by taking the light transmission direction as the axis. Nd: YVO4The crystal is a uniaxial crystal and has natural birefringence, and the pump absorption of the crystal is also polarization-dependent because the stimulated emission cross section of the pi polarized light (parallel to the c axis) is four times that of the sigma polarized light (vertical to the c axis), and the pump absorption is also polarization-dependent at 808nm (4F3/2→4I11/2) And a larger absorption section is arranged nearby, so that the two gain media can obtain effective pi polarization output.
The optical axis direction of the first gain medium 41 coincides with the x axis, which is the first gain direction s, that is, the first gain medium 41 amplifies the oscillation light with the polarization direction being the first gain direction, to generate a first linearly polarized laser light s'; the optical axis direction of the second gain medium 42 coincides with the y-axis, which is the second gain direction p, that is, the second gain medium 42 amplifies the oscillation light with the polarization direction being the second gain direction, and generates the second linearly polarized laser light p'.
The oscillation gain process of the polarized laser light is as follows:
let the initial small signal light be P, the first gain direction be s-direction, and the second gain direction be P-direction.
When passing through the gain medium unit 4, the mode of the small signal P in the range of the gain coefficient curve is amplified and enhanced, as mentioned above, the small signal P contains polarization in two directions, s and P, and respectively corresponds to the first gain medium 41 and the second gain medium 42, and the two small signal components are continuously amplified, so as to realize the output of the orthogonally polarized laser. Specifically, when the s component in the small signal P oscillates for the first time, the s component is amplified through the first gain medium 41, then the s component is reflected to the polarization conversion unit 5 by the 45 ° reflection mirror 3, reflected by the total reflection mirror 52, passes through the 1/4 wave plate twice, is converted into the P component, is reflected to the gain medium unit 4 by the reflection mirror 3 again, is amplified through the second gain medium 42, and then is reflected to the polarization conversion unit 5, and the above process is repeated for a plurality of times of oscillation. The oscillation process of the P-component in the small signal P is the same. In the final output light, the first linearly polarized laser light s 'and the second linearly polarized laser light p' are obtained by alternately amplifying the first gain medium 41 and the second gain medium 42 a plurality of times. After the small signal P reaches gain saturation after being amplified for multiple times, the gain coefficient gnApproaching to the loss coefficient gtAnd (4) reaching balance, wherein the laser stably output at the moment is the orthogonal polarization laser with balanced power. Because the two gain media alternately gain orthogonal polarization components of the small signal P and share the same pump source, feedback is realized in the same resonant cavity, the first linear polarization laser s 'and the second linear polarization laser P' have the same wavelength, the polarization directions are mutually vertical, and the polarization components are balanced.
The polarization conversion unit 5 includes a quarter wave plate 51 and a total reflection mirror 52. As shown in FIG. 2, the quarter-wave plate 51 is disposed perpendicular to the z-axis, the included angle between the fast axis direction and the x-axis is 45 degrees, 90-degree phase retardation is generated for 1064 nm-band laser, and a 1064nm antireflection film is coated. The quarter-wave plate 51 converts the input oscillation light whose polarization directions are the first gain direction and the second gain direction into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light, respectively, and converts the input left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light into the second gain direction and the first gain direction, respectively. The total reflection mirror 52 is a plane mirror coated with a 1064nm high-reflection film, the coated surface is close to the gain medium crystal, and the total reflection mirror 52 is used as a total reflection device of the laser.
The output coupler 6 is a flat mirror, and has a transmittance of 15% for oscillation light in a 1064nm wavelength band. The first linear polarization laser s 'and the second linear polarization laser p' are circularly reflected in the resonant cavity and then respectively output a first output line polarization laser and a second output line polarization laser through the output coupler 6, and the first output line polarization laser and the second output line polarization laser have balanced power.
From the theoretical value of numerical calculation, according to the rate equation of a typical four-energy-level system, the power of the continuous linear polarization laser output by each of the two gain media can be calculated as follows:
wherein the lower corner mark
Denotes the first
The gain medium is a medium having a gain characteristic,
is the effective cross-sectional area of the laser beam,
to the transmission of the output coupling mirror system 12,
the total round-trip loss in the resonant cavity,
in order to be the saturation power density,
is the small signal gain. Saturation power density and beliefThe signal gain is all the pumping parameters
And calculating to obtain the expression:
wherein,
in order to be the quantum efficiency,
for the pump power incident on the respective gain medium,
in order to be able to take advantage of the absorption coefficient,
in order to obtain the number of the doped particles,
is the constant of the planck, and is,
in order to pump the frequency of the light,
is the length of the crystal, and is,
for end face coaxial pumping structure axially
The corresponding pump light radius. By combining the technical analysis, any component of the output orthogonal polarization laser is obtained by repeatedly and alternately gaining two gain media, namely the gain contribution of any gain medium to the output polarization component is equivalentI.e. by
If the pumping power is 10W, the pumping light is focused on the left end face of the first gain medium 41, the length of the resonant cavity is 80mm, the inherent loss is 0.02, the power of the two output orthogonal polarization components is calculated to be 2.52W, and the power balance output with high conversion efficiency is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a compact, low-cost laser with single-wavelength orthogonal polarization output. The end face coaxial pumping mode is used for pumping two coaxially arranged laser crystals, the folding cavity is L-shaped, the structure is simple, the adopted neodymium-doped gain medium is easy to obtain, and the maximum simplification, miniaturization and low cost of the orthogonal polarization laser are realized.
2. The invention provides a method for generating orthogonal polarization laser with high conversion efficiency, and the all-solid-state laser has the advantage of high conversion efficiency and selects Nd: YVO with wide absorption spectrum and large stimulated emission section4The crystal utilizes an end face pumping mode to exert the advantages, adopts a combined gain medium to avoid the problem of gain competition, and can also obviously improve the conversion efficiency by arranging the single output coupler 6 to realize high-efficiency and high-performance laser output.
3. The invention provides a power-balanced orthogonal polarization laser acquisition method with high conversion efficiency. The power balance point is an important concern of the orthogonal polarization laser, and some special application scenarios, such as improving interference efficiency, can be met at the point. The laser introduces a folding cavity structure, a quarter wave plate 51 is inserted between a catadioptric mirror 3 and a 90-degree total reflecting mirror 52, so that the polarization direction is changed in the resonant process of oscillating light, the polarization absorption characteristic of a gain medium is further utilized, the common gain of a single polarization direction by a double-gain medium is realized, the contradiction between high conversion efficiency and power balance is overcome, and meanwhile, the adjustability of the laser is enhanced due to the insensitive characteristic, and the optimal working point is easy to obtain.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. Orthogonal oscillation laser gain self-balancing system based on intracavity polarization conversion device, its characterized in that: including semiconductor pump source, coupling lens system, catadioptric mirror, gain medium unit, the output coupler who sets gradually, the side of catadioptric mirror is provided with polarization conversion unit:
the coupling lens system is connected with the semiconductor pumping source through an energy transmission optical fiber, and focuses the pumping light generated by the semiconductor pumping source to obtain focused light;
the catadioptric mirror is placed at an angle of 45 degrees, one side of the surface of the catadioptric mirror is plated with a high-reflection film and an antireflection film, one side of the film of the catadioptric mirror faces the gain medium unit, and the catadioptric mirror is used for transmitting the focused light and reflecting the oscillation light in the resonant cavity to the polarization conversion unit;
the polarization conversion unit comprises a quarter-wave plate and a total reflection mirror, wherein an antireflection film is plated on the surface of the quarter-wave plate, the total reflection mirror is a plane mirror, a high reflection film is plated on the surface of the total reflection mirror, the film-coated surface of the total reflection mirror faces the gain medium unit, the polarization conversion unit is used for converting and outputting 90-degree polarization of input orthogonal polarization oscillation light, then the orthogonal polarization oscillation light is input to the gain medium unit for gain, and the total reflection mirror is used as a total reflection device of a laser;
the gain medium unit comprises a first gain medium and a second gain medium, the first gain medium and the second gain medium are coaxially arranged, the direction of the crystal optical axis of the first gain medium and the direction of the crystal optical axis of the second gain medium are perpendicular to the light passing direction of a laser, the first gain medium and the second gain medium are used for absorbing the focused light to generate a first linearly polarized laser and a second linearly polarized laser, the wavelength of the first linearly polarized laser is the same as that of the second linearly polarized laser, and the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized laser is perpendicular to that of the second linearly polarized laser;
the output coupler is a plane mirror, the output coupler is used for forming the resonant cavity with the total reflection device, the first linearly polarized laser and the second linearly polarized laser are circularly reflected in the resonant cavity and then output a first output line polarized laser and a second output line polarized laser through the output coupler respectively, and the power of the first output line polarized laser and the power of the second output line polarized laser are balanced.
2. The intracavity polarization conversion device-based quadrature oscillation laser gain self-balancing system of claim 1, wherein: the first gain medium and the second gain medium are a-axis cut crystals, the a-axis of the first gain medium and the a-axis of the second gain medium are overlapped with the optical axis of the resonant cavity, the optical axis direction of the first gain medium is perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the second gain medium, and the first gain medium is placed in a manner of rotating by 90 degrees relative to the second gain medium by taking the light transmission direction as an axis.
3. The intracavity polarization conversion device-based quadrature oscillation laser gain self-balancing system of claim 1, wherein: the first gain medium and the second gain medium adopt Nd-doped3+The birefringent laser crystal of (1).
4. The intracavity polarization conversion device-based quadrature oscillation laser gain self-balancing system of claim 1, wherein: YVO is adopted as the first gain medium and the second gain medium4Nd is YLF or Nd is GdVO4。
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